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cÂŁIs
ImØncp∂ Pw
cÂŁ-bpsS ]mX-bnÂŹ
Ãm≥tU¿Uv ˛ 5
kotdm ae-_mÂż k`-bpsS
hnizmk ]cn-io-e- ]mTm-hen
A≤ym-]I klmbn
Prepared & Published by
SYRO-MALABARCATECHETICALCENTRE
MOUNT ST. THOMAS, KAKKANAD, KOCHI- 30
2
Title :
RASHAKANEKATHIRUNNAJANAM
(Malayalam)
Text Prepared & Published by
SYRO-MALABARCATECHETICALCENTRE
MOUNT ST. THOMAS, KAKKANAD, KOCHI- 30
Distributed by
SMCC, MOUNT ST. THOMAS
KAKKANAD, KOCHI-30
Printed at
Year of Publication 2009
Price : Rs. 15/-
3
BapJw
A©mw ¢m nse Ip´nIƒ°v hnizmk]cnioew ¬Ip∂
hy‡nbmWv n߃. tIhew ]Øp hb v {]mbap≈ amemJ
°p™pßfmWt√m nßfpsS apºnencn°p∂Xv. kXyhnizmk
Øns‚ _me]mT߃ Ah¿°v ]Itc≠ NpaXebmWv n߃
°p≈Xv. AXp ∂mbn n¿∆ln°m≥ n߃°p Ignbptam?
Ht∂m¿Øptm°q. A©mw ¢m n¬ h®v Fs¥ms°
ImcyßfmWv n߃ k¨tU kv°qfn¬n∂v ]Tn®Xv. AhnsS
n߃ G‰hpw CjvSs∏´ Imcy߃ Fs¥ms°bmbncp∂p? Ah
C∂sØ Ip´nIƒ°v nßfpw ¬tI≠Xt√? A°meØv
n߃°v ¢m n¬ n∂v e`n®n´p≈ kt¥mjmp`h߃ Hm¿Ω
bpt≠m? AØcw Ap`h߃ C∂sØ Ip´nIƒ°pw e`nt°t≠?
Cn tNmZysam∂p adn®mImw. ]Tn®ncp∂ ImeØv n߃°v
{]bmkap≠m°nbXpw aXt_m[Øn¬ Xm¬]cyw Ipdbv°p∂
Xpamb Ap`h߃ D≠mbn´pt≠m? AØcw Ap`hßsfm∂pw
ΩpsS ¢m nse Ip´nIƒ°v D≠mhmXncn°m≥ {i≤nt°≠Xt√?
as‰mcp Imcyhpw IqSn Hm¿Ωn∏n°s´. Imew amdpIbmWv.
Ip´nIfpsS PohnXkmlNcyßfnepw Xmev]cyßfnepw {]h¿Ø
ßfnepsams° henb am‰ßfp≠v. A≤ym]Isc∂ nebn¬
AXp ]cnKWn°msX ]‰n√. AtXkabw am‰ßfpsS temIØv
am‰an√mØ ssZhsØbpw am‰w hcmØ {InkvXob kXyß
sfbpw Ip´nIfn¬ Dd∏n°pIbmWv hnizmk]cnioeØns‚
e£yw. AXnp klmbn°p∂ ]mT]pkvXIw nßfpsS
]°ep≠v. Ct∏mgnXm A≤ym]I¿°mbn {]tXyIw Xømdm°nb
4
A©mw ¢m nse A≤ym]I klmbnbpw nßfpsS ssIIfnse
Øn°gn™p. IgnhpIƒ hf¿Ønbpw IpdhpIƒ nIØnbpw
s√mcp So®dmIm≥ n߃°p Ignbs´. AXnv Cu A≤ym]I
klmbn nßsf klmbn°pw.
A≤ym]Iklmbn F¥v? F¥nv?
Hcp A≤ym]Iklmbn So®dns‚ hgnIm´nbmWv. ]mT
]pkvXIØns‚ Ap_‘amWv. ]mTßfpsS hymJymcq]amWv.
]e hn[Øn¬ CXv So®dnv klmbtaIp∂p≠v.
]mTØns‚ e£yw {Kln°m≥
]mTØns‚ D≈S°w a nem°m≥
]mTkw_‘nbmb kwib߃ AI‰m≥
Ip´nIƒ°v Xr]vXnIcamb adp]Sn ¬Im≥
]T {]h¿Ø߃ icnbmbn kwLSn∏n°m≥
DNnXamb {]h¿Ø߃ icnbmbn kwLSn∏n°m≥
tNmZy߃°p≈ DØcw I≠p]nSn°m≥
]mT]pkvXIsØ icnbmbn D]tbmKs∏SpØm≥
A[nIhnhc߃ tiJcn°m≥
kz¥w A≤ym]coXnIsf sa®s∏SpØm≥
]pXnb ]pkvXIØns‚ kao]w Dƒs°m≈m≥
]mT]pkvXIØnse n¿t±i߃ ]men°phm≥
A≤ym] imkv{XØns‚ {]Ya]mT߃ a nem°phm≥.
aq∂p tNmZy߃
1. F¥mWv ]Tn∏nt°≠Xv? F¥v e£ytØmsSbmWv ]Tn∏n
t°≠Xv?
2. BscbmWv ]Tn∏nt°≠Xv?
3. FßsbmWv ]Tn∏nt°≠Xv?
hnizmk]cnioeØn¬ G¿s∏´ncn°p∂ F√mhcpw Cu
tNmZy߃°v icnbmb DØcw Adn™ncnt°≠XmWv.
5
1. hnizmk]cnioew Fs¥∂v AdnbpI
BZysØ tNmZyØns‚ DØcw CXmWv. amtΩmZok kzoI
cn®hsc {InkvXob hnizmkØns‚ ]IzXbntebv°pw {InkvXob
PohnXØns‚ ]q¿ÆXbntebv°pw bn®psIm≠v {InkvXphn¬
hfcp∂Xnv klmbn°pIbmWv hnizmk]cnioeØns‚ ASn-
ÿm e£yw. CXn-mbn hnizm-k-Øns‚ Adn-hn-tebv°pw Ap-
`-h-Øn-tebv°pw Pohn-X-Øn-tebv°pw Ip´n-Iƒ°v hgn-Im-´p-∂-XmWv
icnbmb hnizmk]cnioew.
""aninlm nßfn¬ cq]s∏Spthmfw Rm≥ Cu‰ptmhp`
hn°p∂p'' F∂ hn. ]utemkns‚ Xo£vWXbmWv So®dnp
th≠Xv. ]gbnbaPXbmb C{kmtbens‚ Ncn{XamWv A©mw
¢m n¬ ]Tn∏n°mp≈Xv. ]pXnb nbaPXbmb k`bpsS {]XoIw
IqSnbmWv C{kmtb¬. AXnm¬ Ip´nIƒ°v ]gb nbaPX
sbbpw ]pXnbnbaPXsbbpw _‘n∏n®pw XmcXays∏SpØn
bpw ]mTyhkvXpXIƒ hy‡am°nsImSp°m≥ So®¿ {i≤n°Ww.
F¥mWv ]Tn∏nt°≠Xv F∂Xns‚ B¥cm¿∞w CXmWv.
F¥p e£ytØmsSbmWv ]Tn∏nt°≠Xv F∂Xnpw
So®dns‚ ]°¬ hy‡amb DØcw D≠mbncn°Ww. ]pXnb
C{kmtbense AwKamb Xm≥ ssZhlnXw Apkcn®v Pohn
t°≠ hy‡nbmsW∂ Aht_m[w Hmtcm Ip´nbnepw hf¿Øp
IbmWv e£ysa∂v Adn™ncn°Ww.
2. Ip´nIsf AdnbWw
n߃ ]Tn∏nt°≠Xpw hnizmk]cnioew ¬tI≠Xpw
Ip´nIƒ°mWt√m. c≠masØ tNmZyØnp≈ DØcw CXn
ep≠v. Ip´nIfpsS ImcyØn¬ aq∂p kwKXnIƒ {]tXyIw ]cnK
Wnt°≠Xp≠v.
a) {]mbt`Zw: Ip´nIfpsS {]mbhyXymkw IW°nseSp°Ww.
nßfpsS apºnep≈ Ip´nIfpsS {]mbtØmSv kwhmZn°m≥
IgnbWw. aq∂nepw menepw ]Tn°p∂ Ip´nIfn¬n∂v
Ipsdsbms° hyXykvXcmWv A©mw ¢m pIm¿ Ft∂m¿
Ωn°Ww. {]mbw Ihn™ Ip´nIƒ ¢m neps≠¶n¬ AXpw
]cnKWn°m≥ ad°cpXv. {]mbØnp tN¿∂ hn[Øn¬
Bflobmlmcw ]I¿∂p sImSp°m≥ hnizmk]cnioeI¿°p
ISabp≠v.
6
b) tZit`Zw: Ip´nIƒ hf¿∂phcp∂ tZiØns‚ AYhm {]m
tZinILSbpsS k¥m߃ IqSnbmWv. {]tZiØns‚
{]tXyIXIƒ Ahcn¬ ngen°pw. {KmaØnse ]Øp
hb pImcnbpw KcØnse ]Øphb pImcnbpw
Nn¥bnepw {]hrØnbnepw hyXykvXX ]pe¿Øp∂hcmWv.
Cu hyXymkw hnizmk]cnioeØnepw ]cnKWnt°≠
Xp≠v. ]T{]h¿Ø߃ ¬Iptºmgpw N¿®Iƒ kwL
Sn∏n°ptºmgpw Hs° tZit`ZØnv {]m[myaps≠∂v So®¿
Hm¿Ωn°Ww.
c) Imet`Zw: ASpØ LSIw ImeØns‚ am‰amWv. So®¿
Ip´n°mew Ign™ph∂ hy‡nbmsW¶nepw Ip´nIsf
a nem°m≥ AXpam{Xw t]mcm. ImcWw, Ip´nIƒ
hfcp∂Xv ]pXnb ImeØmWv. KXnthKw IqSnb C°meØv
Pohn°p∂ Ip´nIfpsS {]tXyIXIƒ {Kln°msX So®dnv
Ahsc ∂mbn ]cnioen∏n°m≥ Bhns√t∂m¿°pI.
Ip´nIfpsS IgnhpIƒ, IpdhpIƒ, Xmev]cy߃, km[y
XIƒ F∂nhsbms° So®¿ Adn™ncn°Ww. Nncn°mpw Ic
bmpw kwkmcn°mpw tIƒ°mpw ImWmpw HmSmpw NmSm
psams° Ignhpw D’mlhpap≈hcmWv Ip´nIƒ. Ah D]tbm
K∏SpØm≥ IgnbWw.
DZmlcWambn Ip´nIfpsS kwkmcn°mp≈ Ignhpam{Xw
]cnKWn°mw. nch[n Imcy߃ hmsamgnbneqsS Ah¿ sNøpw.
AsXm∂p Ipdn®ph®m¬ Cßsbmbncn°nt√?
˛ IY ]dbpw
˛ ]m´p]mSpw
˛ tNmZyw tNmZn°pw
˛ DØcw ]dbpw
˛ hntij߃ ]¶phbv°pw
˛ Adnbmhp∂ Imcy߃ hnhcn°pw
˛ `mhm]cambn Nn¥n®p]dbpw
˛ kw`h߃ hnhcn°pw
˛ ]cmXnIƒ ]dbpw
7
˛ n¿t±i߃ D∂bn°pw
˛ Nn{Xw tm°n Bibw ]dbpw...
CsX√mw sNøm≥ Ahkcap≈XmWv hnizmk]cnioe
thZnsb¶n¬ Ip´nIƒ°v CjvSs∏Snt√?
IfnIƒ CjvSs∏Sp∂hcmWv Ip´nIƒ. HØncn Ifn°p∂
hcmWv A©mw ¢m nse Ip´nIƒ. AXneqsS nch[n Imcy߃
km[n°p∂p≠v.
˛ n¿t±i߃ a nem°p∂p
˛ nba߃ Apkcn°p∂p
˛ nbaw sX‰n®m¬ Xncn®dnbp∂p
˛ sX‰pIƒ XncpØp∂p
˛ kt¥mjhpw k¶Shpw ]¶phbv°p∂p
˛ hnImc߃ {]ISn∏n°p∂p
˛ kwLambn {]h¿Øn°p∂p
˛ {]h¿Øßfn¬ D’mltØmsS G¿s∏Sp∂p.
CsX√mw hnizmk]cnioe ¢m nepw kw`hn°p∂ kwKXn
IfmWv. CXns√mw Ignhp≈hcmWv ap∂nencn°p∂ Ip´nIsf∂
Xncn®dnhv So®dnp≠mhWw. Ip´nIsf icnbmbn a nem°m≥
So®dnv klmbIamb ]e am¿Kßfp≠v. Ahbn¬ NneXv Xmsg
∏dbp∂hbmWv.
Ip´nIfpambp≈ CSs]S¬
kqÂŁvancoÂŁWw
_meaximkv{XØnep≈ Adnhv
Ip´nIsf kw_‘n°p∂ ]pkvXIßfpsS hmb
3. ]TcoXn AdnbWw
]pXnb Imew, ]pXnb Ip´nIƒ, ]pXnb ]mT]pkvXIw. CØ
csamcp kmlNcyØn¬ ]pØ≥ ]TcoXnIƒ Ip´nIƒ°p
¬IWw. A≤ym]Ønv ]pXnb am¿K߃ kzoIcn°Ww.
ap≥]v I≠Xpt]mse Ip´nIfpsS mmXcw IgnhpIƒ D]tbm
8
Ks∏SpØp∂ ]Tk{ºZmbw BhiyamWv. {]h¿Ø߃
°p≈ Ahkcw Ip´nIƒ°v Bthmfw ¬IWw.
tIƒ°m≥ am{Xa√, ]dbmpw FgpXmpw ImWmpw
sNømpw ]‰nb nch[n Ahkc߃ ]mT]pkvXIw {]Zmw
sNøp∂p. efnXamb {]h¿Ø߃ hnizmkØns‚ Hmtcmtcm
Awi߃ kzmbØam°m≥ Ip´nIsf klmbn°p∂p. Ah
sbm∂pw n mcßf√Xmpw. AXnm¬ ]pXnb t_m[coXn
Iƒ {Kln°m≥ So®¿ Xømdmth≠XmWv.
]T{]h¿Ø߃
hnizmk]cnioe ¢m n¬ {]h¿ØßfneqsSbmWv
]Tw St°≠Xv. F∂m¬ icnbmb ]T{]h¿Ø߃°v
Nne khntijXIƒ D≠mtb aXnbmhq. B khntijXIƒ
Fs¥ms°bmsW∂p tm°mw.
˛ Hcp e£ysØ ap≥n¿Ønbp≈Xv
˛ Ip´nIfn¬ Xmev]cyw Pn∏n°p∂Xv
˛ Ip´nIfpsS {]IrXØnv tN¿∂Xv
˛ Ip´nIƒ°v {]h¿ØkzmX{¥yw ¬Ip∂Xv
˛ hnjbhpambn _‘ap≈Xv
˛ F√mh¿°pw ]¶mfnØap≈Xv
˛ kab_‘nXambn sNømhp∂Xv
˛ {]mtbmKnIambn Ffp∏ap≈Xv.
˛ Ip´nIfpsS nehmcØnv tbmPn®Xv
˛ Ip´nIfn¬ sh√phnfn Db¿Øp∂Xv
˛ XpS¿]TØnv Ahkcap≈Xv
˛ So®dnv hnebncpØm≥ Ign-bp-∂Xv.
]mT]pkvXIØnsebpw A≤ym]I klmbnbntebpw
{]h¿Ø߃ Ip´nIƒ°p ¬Imw. ]pXnb {]h¿Ø߃
So®¿ Is≠Øn sImSp°pIbpamhmw. At∏msgms° C∏d™
khntijXIƒ Hm¿Øncn°p∂Xv √XmWv.
9
So®¿ {i≤nt°≠ Imcy߃
1. F√m Ip´nIƒ°pw ]mT]pkvXIw Ds≠∂v Dd∏phcpØWw.
AXv XpS°Ønte hmßm≥ n¿t±in°pIbpw thWw.
2. ]mT]pkvXIØn¬ hcbv°mpw FgpXmpap≈ Imcy߃
¢m n¬h®p am{Xw sNøs´. C°mcyw So®¿ ap≥Iq´n
Ip´nIsf t_m[ys∏SpØWw.
3. A[nI{]h¿Ø߃ ho´n¬ h®v sNøp∂Xnmbn Ip´n
Iƒ°p ¬Imw. AXp hy‡ambn ]d™p sImSpØp
hnSWw. ]nt‰ BgvNhcptºmƒ sNbvXXv ]cntim[n°p
Ibpw thWw.
]mTØntebv°v {]thin°ptºmƒ
hnizmk]cnioew, Ip´nIfpsS {]tXyIXIƒ, ]pXnb ]T
coXn F∂nhsb°pdn®v n߃ a nem°n. Cn ]mTßfnte
bv°v hcnIbmWv. ]mThniIeØn {]tXyIamsbmcp cq]LS
kzoIcn®n´p≠v. AXv Xmsg∏dbp∂ hn[ØnemWv.
1. BapJw
]mTØns‚ D≈S°w, ktµiw, Du∂¬ sImSpt°≠
]mTyhkvXpX F∂nhsb°pdn®p≈ kw£n]vXhnhcamWv
BapJØn¬ tN¿°p∂Xv. ]mTsØ°pdn®v So®dnv Hcp ImgvN∏mSv
D≠mIm≥ CXp]Icn°pw.
2. Ip´nIƒ kz¥amt°≠Xv
Hcp ]mTØneqsS Ip´nIƒ ttS≠ Dt±iy߃ ChnsS
kqNn∏n°p∂p. Ahsb aq∂mbn Xncn°mw.
a) t_m[yw
b) atm`mhw
c) ioew F∂nhbmWh. tNmtZymØc߃°pw {]h¿
Ø߃°pw tijw Ip´nIfn¬ Ch Ahtijn®mte hnizmk
]cnioew ^e{]ZamhpIbp≈q.
10
3. t_m[tm]m[nIƒ
Hmtcm ]mThpw ∂mbn AhXcn∏n°p∂Xnv Nne ]Ttm
]IcW߃ BhiyamWv. So®¿ Ahsb√mw ap≥Iq´n tiJcn®v
¢m n¬ sIm≠pt]mIWw. Km߃, IYIƒ, IfnIƒ, mSI
cq]߃ Nm¿´pIƒ, Im¿UpIƒ, ^vfm¬, Nn{X߃ F∂nh
sbms° Nnet∏mƒ Bhiyambn hcpw. hkvXp °ƒ am{Xa√,
hkvXpXIfpw IqSn Dƒs∏Sp∂XmWv t_m[tm]m[nIƒ. So®¿
a n¬ Xømdm°n sIm≠pt]mIp∂ Hcp ]T{]h¿Øhpw
t_m[tm]m[nIfpsS ]cn[nbn¬ hcp∂XmWv Ft∂m¿Ωn°pI.
4. ]mTmhXcWw
Hmtcm ]mThpw Ip´nIfpsS ap∂n¬ Fßs AhXcn∏n°
Wsa∂v hnhcn°p∂ `mKamWnXv. ]mTw XpS°w apX¬ HSp°w
hsc hmbn®hXcn∏n°p∂ Imesams° IS∂pt]mbn. Ip´nIƒ°v
BI¿jIamb hn[Øn¬ ]mTw XpSßm≥ IgnbWw. XpScmpw
Ahkmn∏n°mpw IgnbWw. AXnp≈ kqNIfmWv
]mThXcWØn¬ tN¿Øn´p ≈Xv. Ahtb°mƒ sa®sa∂p
tXm∂p∂h Is≠Ønbm¬ D]tbmKn°mhp∂XmWv. G‰hpa[nIw
Hcp°w Bhiyap≈ ImcyamWv ]mTmhXcWsa∂v ad°cpXv.
5. ]mT_‘nX{]h¿Ø߃
]mT]pkvXIØnse {]h¿Øßsf°pdn®p≈ n¿t±iß
ƒ Cu `mKØv tN¿Øncn°p∂p. tNmZy߃°p≈ DØcßfpw
¬Inbn´p≠v. So®dnp≈ kqNbmbn F√m {]h¿Øßfpw
sNøm≥ Ip´nItfmSv njvI¿jn°Ww.
6. Ap_‘nX {]h¿Ø߃
]mT]pkvXIØn¬ C√mØXpw ]mTßtfmSp Iq´nt®¿°m
hp∂Xpamb {]h¿ØßfmWv Ch. Hmtcm∂pw So®dn‚ CjvSm
pkcWw kzoIcn°mhp∂hbmWv. kµ¿`Ønv CWßpw hn[w
Bhiyap≈nStØmfw. D]tbmKn°pI. A[ym]Iklmbnbn¬
tN¿°mØ {]h¿Ø߃ In´psa¶n¬ Ahbpw ¢m n¬ D]
tbmKn°mw. Ap_‘nX {]h¿Øßsf√mw So®dns‚ atm`mh
ØnpkrXambn sNømp≈XmsW∂v Hm¿Øncn°pI.
11
Hmtcm ]mTØnepw Hm¿t°≠ Imcy߃
1. Hmtcm ]mThpw c≠v Znhkw (2 RmbdmgvNIƒ) sIm≠v
]Tn∏n®pXo¿°Ww F∂mWv [mcW. AXnm¬ Hmtcm
]mTØnsebpw Imcy߃ c≠mbn hn`Pn®v Hcpßp∂XmWv
kuIcyw. IgnbpsaÂśnÂŹ ]mThkvXpXIfpw (Content)
{]h¿Øßfpw (Activity) c≠pZnhkßfnepw Dƒs∏Sp∂
hn[Øn¬ {IaoIcn°p∂XmWv √Xv.
2. {]h¿Ø߃ ]eXpw ¢m n¬h®pXs∂ Ip´nIƒ sNtø
≠XmWv. c≠p Znhkßfnembn Hcp ]mTw ]q¿Ønbm°m≥
kabw e`n°pw. Hmtcm {]h¿Øhpw sNømp≈ n¿t±i
߃ hy‡ambpw IrXyambpw ¬IWw. ho´n¬ h®v
sNtø≠h Ds≠¶n¬ AXv c≠mwZnhkw Xs∂ Ip´nItfmSv
]d™phnSWw.
3. "Fs‚ Xocpamw' F∂ t]cn¬ sImSpØncn°p∂h Ip´n
Ifn¬ cq]s∏tS≠ ioew Xs∂bmWv. Hmtcm ]mTØnsebpw
Xocpamw Fßs {]mtbmKnIam°msa∂p hniZam°n
s°mSp°Ww. AXv AhcpsS kz¥w Xocpamam°n am‰Ww.
]nt‰ BgvNbn¬ Xocpamw F{XtØmfw S∏nem°n F∂v
Atzjn°Ww
4. an° ]mTßfnepw IY ]dbm≥ Ahkcßfp≠v. ]camh[n
kµ¿`߃ CXnmbn D]tbmKn°Ww. CSbv°v IY]dbm≥
Ip´nIƒ°pw Ahkcw ¬IWw. Xmev]cyw DW¿Øn,
BImw£ hf¿Øn, Bib߃ kzoIcn°m≥ X°hn[w
IY AhXcn∏n°Ww. AXnv Xmsg ]dbp∂ Imcy߃
{i≤n°Ww.
˛ hniZmwi߃ hn´pIfbcpXv.
˛ hy‡nIsfbpw kw`hßsfbpw h¿Æn°Ww.
˛ Ip´nIƒ°nWßp∂ ]Zßfpw `mjmssienbpw D]tbm
Kn°Ww.
˛ IYbv°nSbn¬ sNdnb tNmZy߃ tNmZn°Ww.
˛ Ip´nIfpsS klmbtØmsS IY ]q¿Ønbm°m≥
Ign™m¬ ∂v.
12
˛ hnizmk]cnioe¢m nv DXIp∂ IYIƒ sXcs™
SpØv AhXcn∏n°Ww.
5. IfnIfpsS kz`mhap≈ {]h¿Ø߃ Ip´nIƒ°v ¬Im
hp∂XmWv. Ah kwLSn∏n°ptºmƒ Nne Imcyßfn¬
{i≤n°Ww.
¢m ns‚ A¥co£Ønp tN¿∂h sXcs™Sp°Ww.
{]h¿ØØns‚ hniZmwi߃ ap≥Iq´n Xocpamn
°Ww.
n¿t±i߃ hy‡ambn IrXyambpw ¬IWw.
n¿t±i߃ IrXyambn ]men°m≥ njvI¿jn°Ww.
F√mhcpsSbpw ]¶mfnØw Dd∏phcpØWw.
n¿t±i߃ ]men°mØhsc XncpØWw.
{]h¿ØØns‚ e£yw ssIhcn°p∂pt≠msb∂v
nco£n°Ww.
Hm¿Ωn°m≥ aq∂v Imcy߃°qSn
1. Cu A≤ym]klmbn ]q¿Æambn {i≤m]q¿hw hmbn°Ww.
Hmtcm ]mThniIehpw a nem°Ww. ap≥ ¢m pIfnse
]mT]pkvXIßfpw A≤ym]I klmbnbpw hmbn®ptm°p
∂Xv A≤ym]sØ IqSpX¬ ka{Kam°m≥ klmbn°pw.
2. Hmtcm ]mThpw ]Tn∏n°p∂Xnp apºmbn AXmXv ]mT
hni IeØns‚ klmbtØmsS √ Hcp°w SØWw.
]mTmkq{XWw ∂mbm¬ ¢ms Sp°m≥ Gsd Ffp∏amIpw.
Fs¥√mw Imcy߃, GXp hn[Øn¬ Ip´nIƒ°v ¬IWw.
Fs¥√mw {]hrØnIƒ Ahscs°m≠p sNøn°Ww
Fs∂√mw aq≥Iq´n Xocpamn°p∂XmWv Bkq{XWw. ∂mbn
SØp∂ ]mTmkq{XWw, ]mTmhXcWw ∂mbn n¿∆ln
°m≥ So®dns {]m]vXbm°psa∂Xn¬ kwiban√.
3. ]mTmkq{XWØn¬ Xocpamn® Imcy߃ Hcp tm´p
_p°n¬ FgpXnh®m¬ Ffp∏ambn. AXp]tbmKn®v ¢m v
bn°mw. So®dnv hy‡n]cambn kuIcysa∂p tXm∂p∂
hn[Øn¬ FgpXnbm¬ aXn. AXmWv ]mT°pdn∏v. Hmtcm
13
]mTØnpw ]mT°pdn∏v FgpXn ioen°p∂Xv IqSpX¬
∂mbn ]mTw Hcpßm≥ CShcpw. ]ebnSØpn∂mbn
So®dnp e`n°p∂ A[nIhnhcßfpw {]h¿Øßfpw Cu
_p°n¬ FgpXmpw Ignbpw. ¢m n¬ D]tbmKn°m≥
]‰p∂ IYIƒ, ]m´pIƒ, Nn{X߃ F∂nhsbms°
tiJcnŽphbv°mpw Cu _p°v D]tbmKn°mw.
14
15
1
ss__nƒ c£-bpsS Ncn{Xw
I. BapJw
hnip≤{KŸamb ss__nfns‚ {]m[myhpw {]tXyIXIfpw
hy‡am°p∂XmWv Cu ]mTw. ssZhhNØnv ApZn Pohn
XØn¬ ÿmw ¬tI≠Xns‚ BhiyIX Cu ]mTØneqsS
Ip´nIƒ {Kln°Ww. ss__nƒ BZcthmsS D]tbmKn°mp
ap≈ Xmev]cyw Ip´nIfn¬ hf¿Øm≥ Cu ]mTw D]Icn°Ww.
II. Ip´nIƒ kz¥amt°≠Xv
a) t_m[yw
apjyPXbv°p apgphpambn ssZhw Inb
hnip≤{KŸamWv ss__nƒ.
ssZhmp`hØns‚ Ncn{XamWv ss__nƒ AhX
cn∏n°p∂Xv.
b) atm`mhw
ss__nfneqsS tΩmSv nc¥cw kwkmcn°p∂
ssZhØnv mw µnb¿∏n°Ww.
ssZhhNamb ss__nƒ BZcthmsS D]tbmKn
°Ww.
c) ioew
Rm≥ F√m Znhkhpw `‡ntbmSpw {i≤tbmSpw IqSn
ss__nƒ hmbn°pw.
16
III. t_m[tm]m[nIƒ
ss__nƒ, thZ]mT]pkvXIw, Ip¿∫m]pkvXIw, ]m´p
]pkvXIw, IY]pkvXIw, tm´p_p°v, PohNcn{X ]pkvXI߃.
IV. ]mTmhXcWw
"GsX∂p ]dbmtam' F∂ {]h¿ØØneqsS ]mTmh
XcWw SØmw.
¢m n¬ sIm≠ph∂n´p≈ t_m[tm]m[nIƒ ( ss__nƒ,
]m´p]pkvXIw, tm´p_p°v, IY]pkvXIw) Ip´nIƒ°v hnXcWw
sNøp∂p. F√m Ip´nIƒ°pw Hmtcm∂v ¬Im≥ Ign™m¬ ∂v.
As√¶n¬ {Kq∏nv Hmtcm∂v F∂ hn[Øn¬ sImSp°p∂p.
HmtcmcpØcpw In´nb ]pkvXIw Db¿Øn°m´n, AXns‚ t]cv
]dbp∂p. So®¿ B t]cpIƒ t_m¿Un¬ FgpXp∂p. Ahbn¬
G‰hpw {][ms∏´ ]pkvXIw GXmsW∂v tNmZn °p∂p. Ip´nIƒ
DØcw ]dbs´. F¥psIm≠v B DØcw ]d™psh∂v
hniZoIcn°m≥ Bhiys∏Smw. kz`mhnIambpw Ip´nIƒ
"ss__nƒ' F∂ DØcw ¬Ipw. hniZoIcWw Hcp ]t£
A]cym]vXamtb°mw. SoŽ¿ ChnsS ^e{]Zambn CSs]´v,
Ip´nIƒ ]d™ DØ-c-߃ D]tbmKn®psIm≠v ]mTØnte°v
Ahsc bn°p∂p. F¥psIm≠mWv ss__nƒ G‰hpw {][m
s∏´ ]pkvXIamhp∂sX∂ tNmZyØnp≈ DØcw tXSp∂Xnv
]mTw Ip´nIsf klmbn°p∂p F∂ coXnbn¬ AhXcn∏n°Ww.
V. ]mT_‘nX {]h¿Ø߃
ap°p ]mSmw
]mT`mKØns‚ ktµiw Kmcq]Ønem°nbXmWv ]mSm≥
¬Inbncn°p∂Xv. Xnt®m kwLamtbm CuWw Is≠Øn
Be]n°m≥ Ip´nIƒ°v Ahkcw ¬IWw. Bhiysa¶n¬
SoŽ¿ klmbn°pIbpamhmw.
ap°p {]m¿∞n°mw
ssIIƒ Iq∏n, `‡n]q¿∆w {]m¿∞ sNm√m≥ Ahkcw
¬IWw. {Kq∏ntm Ip´nt°m amdnamdn Ahkcw sImSpØm¬
aXn.
17
ssZhhNw hmbn°mw, hnhcn°mw
D¬]Øn 9:1˛17 F∂ `mKw hmbn°m≥ H∂mw Znhkw Krl
]mTw ¬Ip∂p. c≠mwZnhkw Cu `mKsØ Bkv]Zam°n
{]ivtmØcn SØp∂p. t]mbn‚ v ¬Ip∂p.
amXrImtNmZy߃: 1) ssZhØns‚ DSºSnbpsS ASbmfw ˛
aghn√v 2) ssZhw DSºSn sNbvXXv˛ tmltbmSpw ]p{X∑mtcmSpw.
3) BcpsS OmbbnemWv apjys krjvSn®Xv˛ ssZhØns‚
hgn°m´m≥ Hcp XncphNw
X∂ncn°p∂ hNw hen∏ap≈ Hcp ISemkntem Nm¿´ntem
FgpXns°m≠phcm≥ Ip´nItfmSv Bhiys∏Sp∂p. Ah kvsI®p
t]bpw a‰pw D]tbmKn®p BI¿jIam°mw. AXv ¢m n¬ {]Z¿
in∏n°pI. ÿncambn H´n®phbv°pItbm Xq°nbnSpItbm sNbv
Xm ¢m nv Aeœmcamhpw. Ip´nIfpsS a n hNw
]XnbpIbpw sNøpw
ap°p {]h¿Øn°mw
hfsc efnXamb {]h¿Ø߃ sNøm≥ n¿t±in®m¬
aXn. {]bmkaps≠∂p I≠m¬ So®¿ Ip´nIsf klmbn°Ww.
Fs‚ Xocpamw
Ip´nIfn¬ ioeambnØotc≠ ImcyamWv Xocpamambn
sImSpØncn°p∂Xv. AXp ]men°m≥ t{]cn∏n°pI. ioen°p
∂pt≠msb∂v ]cntim[n®dnbpI.
DØcw Is≠Ømw
1. t]Pv 10 JnI 1
2. t]Pv 10 JnI 2
3. t]Pv 11 JnI 3
4. t]Pv 12 JnI 2
5. t]Pv 12 Ahkm JnI
(DØcw Dƒs°m≈p∂ t]Ppw JfinIbpamWv tN¿Øncn
°p∂Xv. DØcambn htc≠ `mKw am{Xw Ip´nIƒ°v ]d™p
sImSpØm aXn.)
18
VI. Ap_‘nX {]h¿Ø߃
DØcadnbmtam?
]mT]pkvXIw Xpd°m≥ Ip´nIsf AphZn°p∂p.
]mTØnse Nne hm°pIƒ DØcambn hcp∂ sNdptNmZy߃
tNmZn°p∂p. icnbpØcw ]dbp∂h¿°v t]mbn‚ v ¬Ip∂p.
ss__nƒ Ae¶cn°mw
¢m n¬ `‡n]q¿∆w ss__nƒ Ae¶cn°p∂p. H∂mw
Znhkw AXnp≈ n¿t±iw Ip´nIƒ°v ¬Ip∂p. ]Ws®e
hn√mØ hkvXp°ƒ CXnmbn sIm≠phcm≥ Bhiys∏Sp∂p.
Ah D]tbmKn®v, c≠mw Znhkw ss__nƒ tai∏pdØph®v
Ae¶cn°p∂p. ss__nƒ Npw_n°mpw BZcthmsS Iønse
Sp°mpw hmbn°mpw Ahkcw ¬Ip∂p.
19
2
A{_-mlØns‚ hnfn
I. BapJw
hnizmknIfpsS ]nXmhmb A{_mlØns‚ Ncn{Xw hnhcn
°p∂ ]mTamWnXv. ssZhw A{_mlsØ hnfn°p∂XpapXep≈
kw`h]cºcIƒ CXn¬ hnhcn°p∂p. hnizmkØns‚ {]m[myw
{Kln°mpw hnizmkØn¬ Dd®p n¬t°≠Xns‚ BhiyIX
a nem°mpw Cu ]mTw Ip´nIsf klmbn°Ww. hnizmk
Øn¬ ASnbpd®phfcm≥ Ip´nIƒ°v ]cnioew ¬Im≥
D]Icn°p∂ ]mTamWnXv
II. Ip´nIƒ kz¥amt°≠Xv
a) t_m[yw
ssZhØn¬ hnizkn°p∂hcpsS amXrIbmWv
A{_mlw.
ssZhØns‚ hm°v hnizkn®v ApkcWw ]men
ÂŽXnmemWv A{_mlw ApKrloXmbXv.
b) atm`mhw
A{_mlsØ ApIcn®v mw hnizmkØn¬ Dd∏p
ttS≠hcmWv.
GXp {]XnIqekmlNcyØnepw mw hnizmkØn
nesImt≈≠hcmWv.
20
c) ioew
Rm≥ ssZhØn¬ hnizkn®psIm≠v AhnSpsØ
Iev]Iƒ Apkcn°pw.
III. t_m[tm]m[nIƒ
samss_¬ t^m¨, sSet^mWns‚ Nn{Xw, ssa°ns‚
Nn{Xw, ]e kmlNcyßfn¬ ]e hn[Øn¬ a‰p≈hsc
hnfn°p∂Xns‚ Nn{X߃, ]mT]pkvXIw, ss__nƒ
IV. ]mTmhXcWw
"hnfnbpw hn[hpw' F∂ {]h¿ØØneqsS ]mTmhXcWw
n¿∆ln°mw.
¢m n¬ sIm≠ph∂n´p≈ t_m[tm]IcW߃ Ip´nI
sf ImWn°p∂p. Ah hniZoIcn®v ]eXcw hnfnIsf°pdn®v eLp
N¿® SØp∂p. Ip´nIƒ Chbn¬ ]eXpw D]tbmKn°p∂hcmImw.
t^m¨hnfn°v adp]Sn ¬Ip∂Xv Fßssb∂v hniZoI
cn°p∂p. Hcp tbmKØn¬ ssa°n¬ IqSn Hcmsf t]cphnfn®p
£Wn®m¬ adp]Sn ¬tI≠Xv thZnbn¬ sN∂psIm≠mWv.
Iq´pIm¿ hnfn°p∂Xpw A[ym]I¿ hnfn°p∂Xpw Hcpt]mse
b√. ]∏tbmSpw hnImcnb®tmSpw hnfn tIƒ°p∂Xv Hcpt]mse
b√t√m. CØcØn¬ ]eXcw hnfnIfpw hnfntIƒ°epIfpw
]cnNbs∏SpØnb tijw ssZhw hnfn®Xpw A{_mlw hnfntI
´Xpw Fßssb∂v a nem°m≥ ]mTØntebv°p {]thin°mw.
V. ]mT_‘nX{]¿Ø߃
N.B ap°p {]m¿∞n°mw. ap°p ]mSmw, ssZhhNw
hmbn°mw hnhcn°mw, hgnIm´m≥ Hcp XncphNw, Fs‚
Xocpamw F∂nhsb°pdn®p≈ n¿t±i߃ H∂masØ
]mTØn¬ sImSpØn´p≈Xv {i≤n°pat√m.
ap°v {]h¿Øn°mw
`q]SØn¬ n¿t±in®ncn°p∂ ÿe߃ Is≠Øn
ASbmfs∏SpØm≥ hy‡n]camtbm {Kq∏mtbm Ahkcw ¬Imw.
Ip´nIƒ°p km[n°msX h∂m¬ am{Xw So®¿ CSs]´m¬ aXn.
21
DØcw Is≠Ømw
1. henb PXbpsS ]nXmhv
2. t]Pv 17 JnI 2
3. t]Pv 17 JnI 4
4. t]Pv 19 JnI 1
5. t]Pv 19 JnI 2
VI. Ap_‘nX {]h¿Ø߃
tdmƒ tπ
A{_mlw Cklm°ns _enIgn°m≥ sIm≠pt]mIp∂
kµ¿`w tdmƒtπ Bbn AhXcn∏n°m≥ Ahkcw ¬Imw.
A{_mlw, Cklm°v, ssZhZqX≥ F∂o IYm]m{X߃ thWw.
UbtemKpIƒ Ip´nIƒ°v ]d™psImSpØm¬ aXn, henb
Hcp°w IqSmsX Xs∂ CXp sNømw.
IYmthf
D¬]Øn 22:1˛18 hmbn®v Hcpßnhcm≥ Bhiys∏Sp∂p. B
`mKØv {]Xn]mZn°p∂ IY BI¿jIambn ]dbm≥ Ahkc
taIp∂p. ∂mbn ]dbp∂ Ip´nt°m {Kq∏ntm t]mbn‚ v ¬Imw.
22
3
C{km-tb-ens‚ sXc-s™-Sp∏v
I. BapJw
A{_mlØns‚ k¥Xn]cºc Fßs C{kmtb¬
Pambn cq]s∏´p F∂p hnhcn°p∂ ]mTamWnXv. ssZhw Hcp
PXsb kz¥w Pam°n am‰pIbpw Ahsc {]tXyIambn
bn°pIbpw sNøp∂p. ssZhØns‚ c£mIc]≤Xnsb°pdn®v
a nem°m≥ Cu ]mTw klmbn°pw. PohnXØn¬ ssZh
Øns‚ ]≤Xn S∏nemhp∂Xns kw_‘n®p≈ {]mYanI
Nn¥Iƒ Ip´nIƒ°v ¬Im≥ Cu ]mTw D]tbmKn°mw.
II. Ip´nIƒ kz¥amt°≠Xv
a) t_m[yw
ssZhØns‚ kz¥w PamWv C{kmtb¬
sΩ°pdn®v ssZhØnv Hcp ]≤Xnbp≠v
b) atm`mhw
ssZhnI]≤XntbmSv tbmPn®p {]h¿Ønt°≠
hcmWv mw
Akm[mcWamb Ap`hßfnepw mw ssZhtØmSv
tN¿∂pn¬°Ww
c) ioew
ssZhhpambp≈ _‘w nen¿Øp∂Xnmbn Fs‚
t´ßƒ t]mepw th≠nh∂m¬ Dt]£n°pw
23
III. t_m[tm]m[nIƒ
hnhn[ tXm°fpsS Nn{X߃, a{¥nam¿ kXy{]Xn⁄
sNøp∂Xns‚ t^mt´m, kv°qƒ Akwªn°v tXrXzw ¬Ip∂
eoUdns‚ Nn{Xw, Ip´nIfpsS ss__nƒ, ss__nƒ Nn{XIY.
IV. ]mTmhXcWw
t_m[tm]m[nIfmb Nn{XßfpsS klmbtØmsS
SØp∂ N¿®bneqsS ]mTw AhXcn∏n°mw
s]mXp sXcs™Sp∏pIsf°pdn®v Ip´nIƒ°dnbmw. Ah
N¿®mhnjbam°p∂p. Aßs Db¿∂phcp∂ tXm°fpsS
t^mt´mIƒ ImWn®v N¿® XpScp∂p, ¢m v eoU¿, kvIqƒ eoU¿
sXcs™Sp∏pIfpw ]cma¿in°p∂p. sXcs™Sp∏pIfpsS
{]m[myw, {]tXyIX F∂nh hniZam°p∂p. ssZhw sXcs™
SpØ hy‡nbmb A{_mlsØ°pdn®v Hm¿Ωn∏n°p∂p. AXnp
XpS¿®bmbn ssZhw sXcs™SpØ PXsb AhXcn∏n°m≥
]mTØnte°v {]thin°p∂p
V. ]mT_‘nX {]h¿Ø߃
ap°p ]m∞n°mw
C{kmtbÂŹ Acphn
_tY¬ ssZhtØmSv a√Sn°p∂h≥
bmt_m°v ssZhØns‚ `hw
Cklm°v ISn™qehImiw
Gkmhv bmt°m_ns‚ ]nXmhv
DØcw Is≠Ømw
1. t]Pv 23 JnI 3
2. Ap{Kln°s∏´h≥
3. ssZhØns‚ `hw
4. C{kmtbÂŹ
5. t]Pv 26 JnI
24
VI. Ap_‘nX {]h¿Ø߃
IYbcßv
]mT`mKsØ kw`h߃ hnhcn°p∂ IYIƒ ¢m n¬
AhXcn∏n°m≥ Ahkcw ¬Ip∂p. ss__nƒ Nn{XIYIƒ,
Ip´nIfpsS ss__nƒ F∂nh ap≥Iq´n Ip´nIƒ°p ¬Inbm¬
IYbcßv Ffp∏Øn¬ SØmw.
ktµiw Is≠Ømw
Hcp Ip´ntbm Hcp {Kqt∏m IYbcßpIfn¬ AhXcn∏n°p∂
IYbpsS ktµiw Is≠Øn ]dbm≥ a‰p Ip´nIƒt°m
{Kq∏pIƒt°m Ahkcw ¬Ip∂p. ktµiw sX‰nt∏mhpItbm
Ahy‡amhpItbm sNbvXm¬ So®¿ CSs]´v icnbmb ktµiw
]Icm≥ {i≤n°Ww.
25
4
C{km-tbÂŹ PX CuPn-]vXnÂŹ
I. BapJw
hnizmknIfpsS ]nXmhmb A{_mlØns‚ Ncn{Xw hnhcn
°p∂ ]mTamWnXv. ssZhw A{_mlsØ hnfn°p∂XpapXep≈
kw`h]cºcIƒ CXn¬ hnhcn°p∂p. hnizmkØns‚ {]m[myw
{Kln°mpw hnizmkØn¬ Dd®p n¬t°≠Xns‚ BhiyIX
a nem°mpw Cu ]mTw Ip´nIsf klmbn°Ww. hnizmk
Øn¬ ASnbpd®phfcm≥ Ip´nIƒ°v ]cnioew ¬Im≥
D]Icn°p∂ ]mTamWnXv
II. Ip´nIƒ kz¥amt°≠Xv
a) t_m[yw
ssZhØn¬ hnizmkn°p∂hcpsS amXyIbmWv
A{_mlw
ssZhØns‚ hm°v hniznkn®v ApkcWw ]men
ÂŽXnmemWv A{_mlw ApKrloXmbXv
b) atm`mhw
A{_mlsØ ApIcn®v mw hnizmkØn¬ Dd∏p
ttS≠hcmWv
26
GXp {]XnIqekmlNcyØnepw mw hnizmkØn
nes°mt≈≠hcmWv.
c) ioew
Rm≥ ssZhØn¬ hnizkn®psIm≠v AhnSpsØ
Iev]Iƒ Apkcn°pw.
III. t_m[tm]m[nIƒ
]mT]pkvXIw, ss__nƒ IYIƒ Ip´nIƒ°v, Nm¿´vt]∏¿
IV. ]mTmhXcWw
"kz]vw ]dbmw' F∂ {]h¿ØØneqsS ]mTmhXcWw
n¿∆ln°mw.
Ip´nItfmSv Ahch¿ I≠n´p≈ Hmtcm kz]vw
Hm¿Ωn®p]dbm≥ Bhiys∏Sp∂p. AhbpsS A¿∞w ]dbm≥
Ahkcw ¬Ip∂p. kz]vhniIeØns‚ {]m[myw So®¿
]dbp∂p. {][mhy‡nIfpsS PohnXØn¬ D≠mbn´p≈
kp{]kn≤ kz]vßsf°pdn®v hnhcn°p∂p. ^dthm cmPmhv
I≠ kz]vsØ°pdn®v kqNn∏n®psIm≠v ]mTØntebv°v
{]thin°p∂p.
V. ]mT_‘nX {]h¿Ø߃
ap°p {]h¿Øn°mw
]t{Xmkv, A{¥tbmkv, bmt°m_v, tbml∂m≥,
]oent∏mkv, _¿Øtemantbm, tXmakv, aØmbn, bmt°m_v,
XtZhqkv, inatbm≥, bqZmkv (aØm 10:2˛4)
DØcw Is≠Ømw
1. t]Pv 30 AhkmJnI
2. t]Pv 31 JnI 3
3. t]Pv 32 JnI 1
27
4. t]Pv 32 JnI 3
5. t]Pv 32 JnI 4
VI. Ap_‘nX {]h¿Ø߃
kz]vw XmcXays∏SpØmw
^dthm I≠ c≠p kz]vßfpw ¢m n¬ hniZambn AhX
cn∏n°p∂p. Ah XΩnep≈ kmZriyßfpw hyXymkßfpw
Is≠Øm≥ Bhiys∏Sp∂p. Ah ]´nIbmbn t_m¿Un¬
tcJs∏SpØp∂p.
IYm]m{XsØ ASpØdnbmw
tPmk^v F∂ ]gbnbaIYm]m{XsØ°pdn®v IqSpX¬
hnhc߃ tiJcn°pI, tPmk^ns‚ kz`mhØnse {]tXyI
XIƒ Is≠ØpI. Ah s]mXphmbn AhXcn∏n°pI. tPmk^ns‚
GsX√mw KpW߃ kzoIcn°msa∂v Xocpamn°pI.
Nm¿´v Xømdm°mw
]{¥≠v A∏kvtXme∑mcpsS t]cpIƒ Nm¿´pt]∏dn¬
FgpXn ¢m n¬ {]Z¿in∏n°pI.
28
5
hntam-N-I-mb tami
I. BapJw
C{kmtb¬°m¿°v CuPn]vXn¬ Ap`hnt°≠nh∂
ASnaØw, Ahsc AXn¬ n∂v tamNn∏n°m≥ tXrXzw ¬Inb
tamibpsS Ncn{Xw F∂nhbmWv Cu ]mTØnse D≈S°w.
tamisb hnfn°pIbpw i‡ns∏SpØpIbpw hgnSØpIbpw
sNøp∂ ssZhsØ°pdn®v Cu ]mTØn¬ ]Tn°mw. ssZhw
sΩbpw Cu hn[Øn¬ ]cn]men°p∂p F∂ ktµiw
ssIamdm≥ D]Icn°p∂XmWv Cu ]mTw.
II. Ip´nIƒ kz¥amt°≠Xv
a. t_m≤yw
ssZhw tamisb ZuXyw Gev]n°pIbpw i‡ns∏Sp
ØpIbpw sNbvXp.
B]ØpIƒ°pw Sphnepw ssZhw sΩ
c£n°m≥ XømdmWv.
b. atm`mhw
ssZhØns‚ ]≤XnIƒ S∏nem°m≥ ΩpsS
klIcWw mw ÂŹIWw.
IjvS∏mSpIfpsS a[yØnepw c£bnte°pbn
°p∂ ssZhtØmSv mw µnbp≈hcmbncn°Ww.
29
c. ioew
amXm]nXm°ƒ Fs∂ Gev]n°p∂ NpaXeIƒ
ndth‰m≥ Rm≥ ]cn{ian°pw.
III. t_m[tm]m[nIƒ
ss__nƒ IYIƒ Ip´nIƒ°v, t]∏¿…n∏pIƒ, Nm¿´p
t]∏¿
IV. ]mTmhXcWw
"kpJhpw ZpxJhpw' F∂ sNdnb {]h¿ØØneqsS ]mTw
AhXcn∏n°mw.
So®¿ IcpXnbn´p≈ t]∏¿…n∏pIfn¬ Xmsg∏dbp∂Xp
t]mse hncp≤ kwKXnIfSßnb ]Z߃ FgpXpI.
kpJw ˛ ZpxJw
]I¬ ˛ cm{Xn
kt¥mjw ˛ k¶Sw
Ccp´v ˛ shfn®w
Db¿® ˛ XmgvN
∑ ˛ Xn∑
]ZßsfgpXnb t]∏¿ …n∏pIƒ Hmtcm∂v Ip´nIƒ°v
hnXcWw sNøp∂p. In´nb ]Zw hmbn®v tbmPn°p∂ ]Zap≈
Bsf Is≠Øn c≠pt]¿ hoXap≈ {Kq∏pIfmIp∂p. CXp
t]mep≈ hncp≤kwKXnIƒ PohnXØns‚ `mKamsW∂v
hniZam°p∂p. C{kmtbens‚ Ncn{XØn¬ Cu c≠p L´ßƒ
hnhcn°p∂p. XpS¿∂v ]mTØnte°v {]thin°p∂p.
V. ]mT_‘nX {]h¿Ø߃
ap°p {]h¿Øn°mw
]mT]pkvXIØnse `q]Sw henb Nm¿´n hcŽv ¢m n
{]Z¿in∏n°p∂Xp √XmWv.
30
DØcw Is≠Ømw
1. sh≈Øn¬ n∂v FSp°s∏´h≥
2. tlmsd_v aebnÂŹhÂŽv
3. t]Pv 38 JnI. 2
4. Altdms
5. t]Pv 40 JnI 1
VI. Ap_‘nX {]h¿Ø߃
tdmƒtπ
tamibpsS amXmhv iniphmb tamisb shůn Dt]
£n°p∂Xpw cmPIpamcn Is≠SpØv hf¿Øp∂Xpw tdmƒ
tπbmbn AhXcn∏n°p∂Xv, B kw`hw Ip´nIfpsS a n¬
]Xnbm≥ CSbm°pw.
tamibpsS AΩ, klmbnbmb s]¨Ip´n, cmPIpamcn,
c≠p tXmgnam¿ F∂o IYm]m{X߬ aXnbmIpw. henb thj
hn[msam∂pw IqSmsX kz`mhnIambn A`nbn°m≥ n¿t±
inÂŽmÂŹ aXn.
{]ivtmØcn
]pd∏mSv 1 apX¬ 6 hsc A[ymbßsf ASnÿmam°n
{]ivtmØcn SØmw. BZyZnhkw n¿t¹iw In AbŽn´v
c≠mwZnhkw {]ivtmØcn SØnbm¬ aXn. sNdnb DØc߃
hcp∂ tNmZyßfmWv DNnXw. icnbpØcw ]dbp∂h¿°v
t]mbn‚p ¬In, HSphn¬ kΩm߃ ¬Imw.
31
6
kzmX-{¼y-Øn-tebv°v
I. BapJw
CuPn]vXnse ASnaØØn¬ n∂v C{kmtb¬ PXsb
ssZhw tamNn∏n°p∂XmWv Cu ]mTØns‚ {]Xn]mZyw. ssZhw
tcn´v CSs]SpIbpw C{kmtben‚ {]Xnk‘nIfn¬ klmb
taIpIbpw sNøp∂p. t¢ißfpsS HSphn¬ Ah¿°v tamNw
e`n°p∂p. ]m]Øns‚ _‘Øn¬n∂v ssZhw sΩbpw
tamNn∏n°psa∂ ktµiwIqSn Cu ]mTw ¬Ip∂p≠v.
II. Ip´nIƒ kz¥amt°≠Xv
a) t_m≤yw
sΩ c£n°m≥ ssZhw a‰p≈hcneqsS {]h¿
Øn°pw.
Cutimsb ¬Ins°m≠v ssZhw sΩ ]m]Øn¬
n∂v tamNn∏n®p.
b) atm`mhw
ssZhØns‚ n¿t±i߃ Apkcn°m≥ mw
ISs∏´hcmWv.
ΩpsS c£Imbn Cutimsb ¬Inb ssZhsØ
mw IqSpXembn kvtln°Ww.
32
c) ioew
{]iv߃ D≠mIptºmƒ Ah ]cnlcn°m≥ Rm≥
ssZhØn B{ibn°pw.
II. t_m[tm]m[nIƒ
HSphnesØ AØmgØns‚ henb Nn{Xw, Nm¿´pt]∏¿,
]Øp_m[Iƒ AhXcn∏n°p∂ Nn{X߃.
IV. ]mTmhXcWw
Hcp N¿®bneqsS ]mTw AhXcn∏n°mw.
ho´n¬ hntijmhkcßfn¬ Blmcw Ign°p∂Xnepw
{]tXyIXIƒ D≠t√m. F∂m¬ h¿jwtXmdpw Hcp Znhkw
{]m¿∞tbmsS, {]tXyI NSßpItfmsS ho´nse F√mhcpw
tN¿∂v Blmcw Ign°p∂p≠v. GXmWv B Znhkw? So®¿
Bhiysa¶n¬ IqSpX¬ kqNIƒ ¬°p∂p. Ip´nIƒ "s]kl'
F∂ DØcw ¬°p∂p. s]klmsb°pdn®v hniZoIcn°p∂p.
AXn¬ n∂v ]gbnbaØnse s]klmsb°pdn®v ]dbp∂p.
AXneqsS ]mTØnte°v {]thin°mw.
V. ]mT_‘nX {]h¿Ø߃
ap°p {]h¿Øn°mw
kw`hnŽ {IaØn º¿ FgpXpI
DØcw Is≠Ømw
1. t]Pv 42 JnI 2
2. t]Pv 43 JnI 2
3. t]Pv 44 JnI 2
4. BZyPmXcpsS acWw
1 2 3 4 7 6 9 5 10 8
33
5. IS∂pt]mI¬
6. t]Pv 46 JnI 1
VI. Ap_‘nX {]h¿Ø߃
Nm¿´nsegpXmw
ssZhw CuPn]vXnpta¬ Ab® ]Øp_m[Iƒ Hcp Nm¿´n
segpXn ¢m n¬ {]Z¿in∏n°mw.
hniZoIcnÂŽp ]dbmw
]Øp _m[Iƒ Hmtcm {Kq∏npambn hoXn®p ¬Ip∂p.
Ah¿ In´nb _m[Isf°pdn®v IqSpX¬ Imcy߃ Is≠Øp∂p.
Hmtcm _m[bpw Ab°ptºmƒ kw`hn°p∂ {]bmk߃
hnhcn°Ww. AXv Hmtcm {Kq∏pw ¢m n¬ s]mXphmbn AhXcn
∏n°Ww. So®dns‚ klmbw Bhiysa¶n¬ ¬IWw. _m[
IfpsS Xo{hXbpw Kuchhpw Ip´nIfpsS a n¬ ]Xnbm≥ CXp
klmbn°pw.
34
7
acp-`q-an-bn-eqsS
I. BapJw
sN¶S¬ IS∂v C{kmtb¬ Pw acp`qanbneqsS bm{X
sNøp∂XmWv Cu ]mTØn¬ hnhcn°p∂Xv. ]e hnjak‘nIfpw
Ah¿°v tcntS≠n hcp∂p≠v. F∂m¬ At∏msgms° ssZhw
CSs]´v Ahsc klmbn°p∂p. ImS∏£nbpw a∂bpsams°
DZmlcWßfmWv. ssZhw ΩpsS IqsS S°p∂hmWv F∂
Aht_m[w Ip´nIfn¬ Pn∏n°m≥ Cu ]mTw D]Icn°pw.
II. Ip´nIƒ kz¥amt°≠Xv
a) t_m≤yw
C{kmtbens‚ hnjaL´ßfn¬ ssZhw klmbw
ÂŹIn
kz¿§cmPyw e£yam°n bm{XsNøp∂
Xo¿∞mSIcmWv Ωƒ
b) atm`mhw
Ft∏mgpw sΩ hgnSØp∂ ssZhtØmSv mw
µnbp≈hcmbncn°Ww
ssZhtØmSp tN¿∂p S∂m¬ ap°v H∂nsbpw
`bs∏tS≠nhcn√.
35
c) ioew
ssZhw ImWn®pXcp∂ hgnIfneqsS k©cn°m≥
Rm≥ {ian°pw.
III. t_m[tm]m[nIƒ
Nm¿´pt]∏¿, ]eXcw bm{XIfpsS Nn{X߃, kºq¿Æ
ss__nƒ, ss__nƒ IYIƒ
IV. ]mTmhXcWw
¢m nep≈ Ip´nIsf Cuc≠p t]cpsS {Kq∏pIfmbn
Xncn°pI. AhtcmSv ]ckv]cw X߃ SØnb Hcp bm{XbpsS
hntijw ]¶phbv°m≥ Bhiys∏SpI. tI´ hntijw ¢m n¬
s]mXphmbn ]dbm≥ Ahkcw ¬IpI. Ip´nIƒ D’mltØmsS
bm{Xhntij߃ ]dbpw. AXpt]mse C{kmtb¬Pw
SØnb bm{XbpsS IYbmWv ]mT`mKØnep≈Xv. HØncn
{]tXyIXIfp≈ bm{XbmWv. AXv hniZoIcn®psIm≠v
]mTØntebv°v {]thin°mw.
V. ]mT_‘nX {]h¿Ø߃
ap°p {]h¿Øn°mw
]pd∏mSv 15:1˛2 `mKw Nm¿´n¬ hepXmbn FgpXn ¢m n¬
{]Z¿in∏n°p∂Xv √XmWv. {]kvXpX`mKw ¢m n¬ {Kq∏mbn
Dds° hmbn°m≥ Bhiys∏SpIbpamhmw. 15˛mw A[ymbØnse
1 apX¬ 21 hscbp≈ hmIy߃ So®¿ hmbn®v tIƒ∏n°p∂Xpw
A`nImayamWv.
DØcw Is≠Ømw
1. t]Pv 49 JnI 1
2. a∂mbpw ImS∏£nIfpw
3. CsXÂĽv?
4. t]Pv 52 JnI 1
5. t]Pv 53 JnI 1
36
VI. Ap_‘nX {]h¿Ø߃
bm{Xm hnhcWsagpXmw
Ip´nIƒ SØnbn´p≈ GsX¶nepsamcp bm{XbpsS hnhc
WsagpXs´. hniZambn FgpXm≥ Bhiys∏SWw. So®¿ Ah
]cntim[n°Ww. sa®s∏´h ¢m n¬ s]mXphmbn hmbn°pIbpw
t]mbn‚pw kΩmhpw ¬IpIbpw sNømw.
CjvSs∏´ IY
]mT`mKsØ Bkv]Zam°nbp≈ ss__nƒ `mKw hmbn
°m≥ Bhiys∏Sp∂p. AXnep≈ sNdnb IYIƒ {i≤n°mpw
Ahbn¬ CjvSs∏´h ¢m n¬ ]dbmpw Ahkcw ¬Ip∂p.
ss__nƒ IYIfpsS ]pkvXIw hmbn°m≥ sImSp°p∂Xv
A`nImayamWv.
37
8
kombv DS-ÂşSn
I. BapJw
Imm≥tZitØbv°p≈ bm{Xbv°nSbn¬ kombv aebn¬
h®v ssZhw C{kmtb¬°mcpambn DSºSn sNbvXXns‚ hnhcW
amWv Cu ]mTØnep≈Xv. ]Øp{]amW߃ ssZhw ¬Ip
∂Xpw CXn¬ hnhcn®ncn°p∂p. Cutim ¬Inb kvtlØns‚
Iev], ]Øp{]amWßfpsS XpS¿®bmsW∂v {Kln°phm≥ Cu
]mTw klmbn°p∂p.
II. Ip´nIƒ kz¥amt°≠Xv
a) t_m≤yw
ssZhw tamihgn ssZhPØnv Iev]Iƒ evIn.
Cutim kvtlØns‚ ]pXnb Iev] ¬In.
b) atm`mhw
ssZhPw ssZhIev]Iƒ Apkcn°m≥
ISs∏´hcmWv
CutimbpsS kvtlØns‚ Iev] mw Ft∏mgpw
]men°m≥ D’mlnt°≠hcmWv.
c) ioew
ssZhIev]Iƒ ]men®v Rm≥ ssZh]p{Xmbn/
]p{Xnbmbn Pohn°pw.
38
III. t_m[tm]m[nIƒ
Im¿UpIƒ, Nm¿´pt]∏¿, kºq¿Æss__nƒ, ss__nƒ
IYIƒ
IV. ]mTmhXcWw
nbaßsf°pdn®p≈ Hcp N¿®bneqsS ]mTmhXcWw
SØmw.
]e ÿeßfnepw nba߃ D≠t√m. kv°qfn¬ nba߃
D≠v. ]≈nbn¬ Nne nba߃ Apkcn°Ww. s]mXpÿeß
fnepap≠v nba߃. Ah GsXms°bmWv?
]pIhen ]mSn√, Iyq ]men°pI, sNcn∏v ]pdØnSpI, ]cn
kcw hrØnbmbn kq£n°pI, kmh[mw S°pI F∂nßs
bp≈ n¿t±icq]Ønep≈ nba߃ Ip´nIƒ ]¶phbv°pw. Ah
So®¿ hniZoIcn°p∂p. CutemI PohnXØn¬ ssZhw ¬Inb
nbaßfmWv Iev]Iƒ F∂ Imcyw kqNn∏n®psIm≠v ]mTØn
tebv°p IS°mw.
V. ]mT_‘nX {]h¿Ø߃
ap°v {]h¿Øn°mw
]Øp{]amW߃ Ip´nIƒ CXnIw ax]mTam°nbXmWv.
Ah 10 Im¿UpIfn¬ FgpXmw. Im¿UpIƒ 10 t]¿ ]nSn°s´.
¢m n¬ nc∂pn¬°s´. B¿s°¶nepw {]amW߃ n›b°p
dhps≠¶n¬ Cu {]h¿ØØneqsS AXp ]cnlcn°mw.
]mT]pkvXIØn¬ n¿±njvSÿeØv Ip´nIƒ {]amW߃
FgpXs´. SoŽ¿ Ah ]cntim[n°Ww.
DØcw Is≠Ømw
1. t]Pv 56 JnI 2
2. kombv aebnÂŹ hÂŽv
3. t]Pv 57 JnI 6
4. t]Pv 59 JnI 5
39
VI. Ap_‘nX {]h¿Ø߃
I¬]eIIfnse Iev]Iƒ
I¬]eIIfpsS BIrXnbn¬ sh´nsbSpØ c≠p Im¿Up
Ifnembn 10 Iev]Iƒ FgpXpI. hen∏Øn¬ Xømdm°nb Cu
Im¿UpIƒ ¢m n¬ ÿm]n°pI.
¢m nse nba߃
¢m n¬ nba߃ Bhiyant√? Ip´nIfpsamØv So®¿
C°mcyw N¿® sNøpI. GXmpw nba߃ Is≠Øn Ah
FgpXn Xømdm°n ¢m n¬ Xq°nbnSpI. DZm: 1) ¢m n¬ hcp∂
apXn¿∂h¿°v kvXpXn sNm√pI. 2) lmP¿ hnfn°ptºmƒ Hcp
ssZhhNw ]dbpI
kvtlw kvtlw....
kvtlsØ°pdn®p≈ IYIƒ, IhnXmiIe߃, D≤c
WnIƒ F∂nh tiJcn°m≥ Bhiys∏SpI. Ah ¢m n¬
AhXcn∏n°m≥ Ahkcw ¬IpI.
40
9
DS-Âş-Sn-bpsS Pw
I. BapJw
DSºSnbpsS Pamb C{kmtb¬ Fßs Pohn°Wsa∂v
ssZhw hniZam°p∂p. C{kmtb¬°mcpsS {]tXyIXIƒ Cu
]mTØn¬ A°an´p ]dbp∂p≠v. ssZhIev]Iƒ Apkcn°m≥
ISs∏´ncp∂ C{kmtb¬°msct∏mse k`ma°fmb Ωfpw
ssZhØns‚bpw k`bpsSbpw Iev]Iƒ Apkcn®v Pohn°m≥
ISabp≈hcmsW∂v Cu ]mTw Apkvacn∏n°p∂p.
II. Ip´nIƒ kz¥amt°≠Xv
a) t_m≤yw
ssZhØns‚ kz¥w Pamb C{kmtb¬ DSºSn
bpsS PamWv.
Iev]Iƒ Apkcn®m¬ Pohn¬ nen¿°mw.
b) atm`mhw
ssZhØns‚ kz¥w Pambn sΩ am‰nb ssZh
tØmSv mw µnbp≈hcmbncn°Ww.
ssZhØns‚ nba߃ mw kt¥mjtØmsS
kzoIcn°Ww.
41
c) ioew
ssZhIev]Iƒ ]men®v, ssZhØnv CjvSs∏´
Ip´nbmbn Rm≥ Pohn°pw.
III. t_m[tm]m[nIƒ
Nm¿´pt]∏¿, kºq¿Æss__nƒ, ss__nƒ Nn{XIY.
IV. ]mTmhXcWw
]mT`mKsØ Hcp IY BI¿jIambn AhXcn∏n®psIm≠p
XpSßmw.
C{kmtb¬°m¿ Altdms n¿_‘n®v Imf°p´nsb
D≠m°p∂p. B hn{KlØnpapºn¬ rØw sNbvXpw ]m´p
]mSnbpw Bcm[ SØp∂p. HSphn¬ tami aebn¬ n∂ndßn
hcptºmƒ Ahsc iImcn°p∂p.
ssZhw C{Xta¬ kvtln®v, HØncn Ap{Kl߃ sImSp
ØmWv C{kmtb¬°m¿°v. F∂n´pw Ah¿ sNbvX ApkcW
t°Sns FSpØpIm´p∂ hn[Øn¬ IY AhXcn∏n°Ww. hn{K
lmcm[ Ah¿ sNbvX G‰hpw henb ]m]ambn Nn{XoIcn°Ww.
]m]Øns‚ ImTnyw, in£bpsS Bhiyw, ]cnlmcam¿Kw
F∂nhsb√mw hniZoIcn®psIm≠v ]mTØntebv°v {]thin°mw.
V. ]mT_‘nX {]h¿Ø߃
ap°p {]h¿Øn°mw
1 R
2 X
3 R
4 X
5 X
6 R
42
DØcw Is≠Ømw
1. hn{Klmcm[
2. t]Pv 63 JnI 4
3. t]Pv 64 JnI 3
4. t]Pv 65 JnI 1
5. t]Pv 65 JnI 3
6. t]Pv 65 JnI 4
VI. Ap_‘nX {]h¿Ø߃
Nm¿´nsegpXmw
Xncp `bpsS Iev]Iƒ henb Nm¿´pt]∏dn¬ FgpXn
¢m n¬ {]Z¿in∏n°p∂p. Ah ax]mTam°n ]dbm≥ Ahkcw
¬Ip∂p.
N¿Ž sNømw
C{kmtb¬°m¿°v ssZhw ¬Inb Ap{Kl߃ Gh?
C{ktb¬°m¿ ssZhtØmSp sNbvX ApkcWt°SpIƒ Gh?
Ahbv°p ¬Inb in£Iƒ Gh? Ahbv°p≈ ]cnlmcam¿K
߃ Gh? C°mcyßsf°pdn®v N¿® SØp∂p. ssZhhpw
C{kmtbepw XΩnep≈ _‘Øns‚ Xo{hX hy‡amIØ°
hn[w N¿Ž bn°Ww.
43
10
hmKvZØ `qan-bn
I. BapJw
h¿j߃ o≠pn∂ t¢iIcamb bm{XbpsS HSphn¬
C{kmtb¬°m¿ hmKvZØ`qanbn¬ {]thin°p∂XmWv Cu
]mTØns‚ D≈S°w. tamibpsS acWhpw tPzmjbpsS tXrXz
hpw lrZbkv]¿inbmbn CXn¬ AhXcn∏n®n´p≠v. kz¿KsØ
e£yam°n Cu temIØn¬ bm{X sNøp∂hcmWv Ωsf∂
t_m≤yw Ip´nIfn¬ hf¿ØnsbSp°m≥ Cu ]mTw D]Icn°pw.
II. Ip´nIƒ kz¥amt°≠Xv
a) t_m≤yw
ssZhw C{ktb°msc hmKvZØ `qanbn
{]thin∏n®p.
Ωfpw kz¿KamIp∂ hmKvZØ `qanbn¬ FØnt®
tc≠hcmWv.
b) atm`hw
XS ßsf√mw X´nam‰n C{kmtb¬°msc Imm≥
tZiØv FØnŽ ssZhsØ mw kvXpXn°Ww.
ap°mbn kz¿KcmPyw hmKvZmw sNbvX Cutim
tbmSv mw µnbp≈hcmbncn°Ww.
44
c) ioew
kz¿KØn¬ FØnt®cWsa∂ e£ytØmsS Rm≥
Pohn°pw.
III. t_m[tm]m[nIƒ
kºq¿Æss__nƒ, t]∏¿ …n∏pIƒ, ss__nƒ IYIƒ
IV. ]mTmhXcWw
So®¿ Ap`h hnhcWØneqsS ¢m v XpSßp∂p. {]bmk
tadnb Hcp Imcyw ssZhnIklmbØm tSnb Ap`hw Ip´n
Ifpambn ]¶phbv°p∂p. hniZambn Ap`hw hnhcn°p∂XmWv
√Xv. AXnptijw Ip´nItfmSv CØcw Ap`h߃ ]dbm≥
Bhiys∏Sp∂p. Ip´nIfpsS nehmcØnpkcn®v Ah¿
]d™m¬ aXn, Ah hniZoIcn°m≥ So®¿ {i≤n°Ww. AtX
ØpS¿∂v ]mTØnte°v {]thin°mw.
V. ]mT_‘nX {]h¿Ø߃
ap°p {]h¿Øn°mw
`q]SØn¬ tN¿Øncn°p∂ ÿe߃ Is≠Øphm≥
Ip´nIsf So®¿ klmbn°Ww. C{kmtb¬ PØns‚ Ncn{X
]cX {Kln°phm≥ CXp klmbn°pw.
DØcw Is≠Ømw.
1. t]Pv 69 JnI 1
2. tPzmjzsb
3. t]Pv 70 Ahkm JnI
4. t]Pv 71 JnI 5
VI. Ap_‘nX {]h¿Ø߃
G‰hpw henb B{Klw
Ip´nIƒ°v Hmtcm t]∏¿ …n∏v ¬Ip∂p. AhtcmSv G‰hpw
henb B{Klw F¥msW∂v AXn¬ FgpXns°mSp°m≥
45
Bhiys∏Sp∂p. So®¿ Ah tiJcn®v hmbn®ptm°p∂p. ¢m n¬
AhXcn∏n°p∂p. "kz¿§Øn¬ FØnt®cpI' F∂ B{Klw
Dt≠msb∂v ]cntim[n®v, AXns hniZoIcn°pI, hnip≤cpsS
PohnXØn¬ n∂v CØcw B{Klw Is≠Øn AhXcn∏n°pI.
Is≠ØnsbgpXmw
tXpw ]mepw HgpIp∂ tZiw ˛ Imm≥ tZiw
ssZhØns‚ kz¥w mSv ˛ tIcfw
Ch XΩnep≈ hyXymkw N¿®sNøpI. CXpt]mse
hntijW߃ D≈ mSpIfpsS t]cpIƒ Is≠Øn FgpXm≥
Bhiys∏Sp∂p.
46
11
C{km-tb-ens‚ Xncp-m-fp-Iƒ
I. BapJw
C{kmtb¬°m¿ Btemjn®pt]m∂ XncpmfpIƒ,
k`bnep≈ XncpmfpIƒ, Hmtcm Xncpmfns‚bpw {]tXyIXIƒ
F∂nhsb√mw hnhcn°p∂ ]mTamWnXv. XncpmfpIfpsS
A¿∞hpw ktµihpw {Kln°p∂Xnv CXv D]Icn°pw. A¿∞
adn™v BNcn°ptºmgmWv XncpmfpIƒ ΩpsS PohnXØnv
D]Icn°p∂sX∂ kXyw Ip´nIƒ°p ]I¿∂psImSp°pIbpw
B hn[Øn¬ XncpmfpIfn¬ ]s¶Sp°m≥ Ip´nIsf ]cnioen∏n
°pIbpw sNøWw
II. Ip´nIƒ kz¥amt°≠Xv
a) t_m≤yw
]gbnbaImeØpw ]pXnbnba ImeØpw
XncpmfpIƒ BNcn°p∂p≠v.
Xncpmfns‚ A¿∞w Adn™v BNcn°ptºmƒ
AXv Bflobhf¿®bv°v D]Icn°pw.
b) atm`mhw
Xncpmƒ BNcn°p∂XneqsS mw ssZhtØmSp≈
µn {]ISn∏n°Ww
Hmtcm Xncpmfns‚bpw A¿∞w Adnbm≥ mw
]cn{ian°Ww
47
c) ioew
XncpmfpIfn¬ Rm≥ `‡ntbmsS kw_‘n°pw.
III. t_m[tm]m[nIƒ
Xncpmƒ tm´okpIƒ, hnip≤cpsS Nn{X߃, kºq¿Æ
ss__nƒ
IV. ]mTmhXcWw
CShI∏≈nbnse Xncpmfns°pdn®v Hcp eLpN¿®
SØmw.
Xncpmƒ CjvSat√? F¥psIm≠v? Xncpmfns‚ {][m
C߃ Fs¥√msa∂v hnhcn°m≥ Ahkcw ¬°Ww. Xncp°¿
Ω߃ (]m´p Ip¿∫m, eZo™v, hmgvhv, {]kwKw) {]Z£nWw,
shSns°´v, Iem]cn]mSnIƒ, Ifn∏m´°®hS°m¿, sFkv{Iow,
_eq¨, _‘p°ƒ, hn`hkar≤amb `£Ww, D√mkZnw
Aßs F{Xsb{X Imcy߃. CXn¬ G‰hpw CjvSs∏´Xv
GsX∂pw AXns‚ ImcWhpw ]dbm≥ Bhiys∏SWw. So®¿
kz¥w ImgvN∏mSpw AhXcn∏n°p∂Xv √XmWv. XpS¿∂v
]mTØntebv°v {]thin°mw.
V. ]mT_‘nX {]h¿Ø߃
ap°p {]h¿Øn°mw
tNtc≠ hn[w tN¿°m≥ Ip´nIƒ°v Ahkcw ¬IWw
1. 7
2. 5
3. 6
4. 1
5. 2
6. 4
7. 3
48
DØcw Is≠Ømw
1. t]Pv 75 JnI 3
2. AÂşXmw Znhkw
3. t]Pv 76 Ahkm JnI
4. t]Pv 77 Ahkm JnI
5. t]Pv 78 JnI 2
6. t]Pv 78 JnI 3
VI. Ap_‘nX {]h¿Ø߃
F{X t]cdnbmw?
Ip´nIƒ°v F{X XncpmfpIfpsS t]cdnbmw? HmtcmcpØcpw
FgpXs´. "Ãm¿´v' ]d™m¬ FgpXnØpSßmw. GXmpw ann´p
Iƒ°ptijw "tÃm∏v' ]dbptºmƒ FgpØp n¿ØWw. icnbp
Øc߃ IqSpX¬ FgpXnb Ip´n°v t]mbn‚pw kΩmhpw
Imw. Ip´nIsfgpXnb XncpmfpIsf°pdnŽv hniZoIcWw
¬Im≥ So®¿ {i≤n°Ww.
tiJcn°mw
Xncpmfns‚ tm´okv tiJcn°m≥ Bhiys∏Smw. sshhn
[yam¿∂ tm´okpIƒ ¢m nseØpw. Ah hmbn°mpw ImWmpw
Ahkcw ¬Imw. F√m tm´oknepw s]mXphmbp≈ LSIw
Xncp°¿ΩßfmsW∂v hy‡am°Ww.
49
12
C{k-tbens‚
{]m¿∞--Ifpw _en-Ifpw
I. BapJw
{]m¿∞, Bcm[, _enIƒ, ssZhmebw, km_Øv XpS
ßnbhsb kw_‘n® ImcyßfmWv Cu ]mTØns‚ D≈S°w.
C{kmtb¬°m¿ Hmtcm∂npw ¬Inbncp∂ A¿∞sas¥∂pw
CXn¬ hnhcn°p∂p. k`bnse BNcWßsf°pdn®pw Cu ]mTw
]cma¿in°p∂p. k`mPohnXØn¬ kPohambn ]¶ptNcmp≈
£Whpw ]cnioehpamWv Cu ]mTØneqsS Ip´nIƒ°v
e`nt°≠Xv.
I. Ip´nIƒ kz¥amt°≠Xv
a) t_m≤yw
C{kmtb Pw ssZhip{iqjbv°mbn inbmgvN
km_Ømbn BNcnŽp.
k`bn¬ RmbdmgvN km_Ømbn BNcn°p∂p.
b) atm`mhw
_enhkvXp°tfmsSm∏w ΩpsS lrZbßsfbpw
mw ssZhØnp ka¿∏n°Ww.
Cutim hkn°p∂ ssZhmebØn¬ `b`‡ntbmsS
s]cpamdWw.
50
c) ioew
RmbdmgvN Znw ]cnip≤ambn BNcn°m≥ Rm≥
{i≤n°pw.
III. t_m[tm]m[nIƒ
kºq¿Æ ss__nƒ, hnhn[ ssZhmebßfpsS Nn{X߃,
{]m¿∞n°p∂ hy‡nIfpsS Nn{X߃, Nm¿´pt]∏¿.
IV. ]mTmhXcWw
BgvNbn¬ G‰hpw CjvSs∏´ Znhkw GXmWv? F¥mW
Xnv ImcWw? RmbdmgvN F∂ DØcØntebv°v hcØ°hn[w
So®¿ N¿® bn°Ww. RmbdmgvNbpsS {]tXyIXIƒ {Kq∏p
Xncn™v Is≠Øn FgpXm≥ Bhiys∏SWw. Hcp s]mXp Ah[n
Znhkw F∂Xn∏pdw RmbdmgvNbv°p≈ {]m[myw AhXcn∏n
°m≥ So®¿ {i≤n°Ww. AXneqsS km_Øv F∂ Bibw
AhXcn∏n°mw XpS¿∂v ]mTØntebv°v hcmw.
V. ]mT_‘nX {]h¿Ø߃
ap°p {]h¿Øn°mw
Is≠Øn FgpXmp≈ k¶o¿Ø`mKw F√m Ip´nIfpw
_p°n¬ FgpXs´. IqSmsX ¢m n¬ s]mXphmbn Nm¿´pt]∏dn¬
CsXgpXp∂Xv √XmWv. k¶o¿Ø`mKw ¢m n¬ Dds°
hmbn°mpw Ahkcw IWw.
DØcw Is≠Ømw
1. t]Pv 82 JnI 3
2. t]Pv 82 JnI 4
3. t]Pv 83 JnI 3
4. t]Pv 83 JnI 4
5. t]Pv 84 AhkmJnI
51
VI. Ap_‘nX {]h¿Ø߃
Is≠Øn FgpXmw
CShIssZhmebsØ°pdn®v ]camh[n Imcy߃
Is≠Øn FgpXm≥ Ip´nItfmSv Bhiys∏SWw. CShIbpsS
ÿm]nXh¿jw, CShIa[yÿ≥, {][m XncpmfpIƒ, IpSpw_
ßfpsS FÆw F∂nßs Adntb≠ Imcy߃ Ghsb∂v IrXy
ambn n¿t±in°p∂Xv √XmWv. CShI_p≈‰n≥, kpho¿ XpS
ßnb klmbI{KŸßƒ ¬Ip∂Xpw A`nImayw
ap°p sNøm≥
RmbdmgvN Znhkw Ip´nIƒ°p sNøm≥ ]‰nb ImcyßfpsS
enÃv Hmtcm {Kq∏ntmSpw Xømdm°m≥ Bhiys∏SpI. Ah
¢m n¬ s]mXphmbn hmbn®v, N¿®sNbvXv Nne Imcy߃ Xocp
amn°pI. Ah S∏nem°m≥ n¿t±in°pI. Ah {]mtbmKnI
am°p∂pt≠msb∂v CSbv°v Atzjn°pI. Ip´nIƒ°v sNøm≥
Ffp∏ap≈ ImcyßfmIWw Cßs ¬tI≠Xv.
52
13
C{km-tb-ense tXm-°-∑m¿
I. BapJw
C{kmtb PsØ `cn°mpw bn°mpambn ssZhw
¬Inb tXm°∑msc°pdn®p≈XmWv Cu ]mTw. cmPm°∑mcpw
]ptcmlnX∑mcpw C°q´Øn¬s∏Sp∂p. C{kmtb¬ PXbpsS
PohnXØn¬ Cu tXm°∑m¿°v D≠mbncp∂ {]m[myhpw
{]mamWyhpw Cu ]mTw hy‡am°p∂p. k`bn¬ C∂p≈
tXrXzsØ°pdn®pw hniZam°p∂p
II. Ip´nIƒ kz¥amt°≠Xv
a) t_m≤yw
C{kmtb¬ PsØ bn°m≥ ssZhw
tXm°∑msc ¬In
k`bnepw ssZhw tXm°∑msc ntbmKn®n´p≠v.
b) atm`mhw
ssZhw ntbmKn® tXm°∑msc Apkcn°m≥
mw ISs∏´hcmWv
msa√mhcpw k`bpsSbpw kaqlØns‚bpw hf¿
®bn¬ klIcnt°≠hcmWv.
c) ioew
kz¥w ISaIƒ Rm≥ IrXyambn n¿∆ln°pw
53
III. t_m[tm]m[nIƒ
kºq¿Æss__nƒ, hnhn[ cmPm°∑mcpsS Nn{X߃,
apƒs®SnbpsS Nn{Xw
IV. ]mTmhXcWw
Hcp IYbneqsS ]mTmhXcWw SØmw.
Hcn°¬ hr£ßƒ Hcp cmPmhns sXcs™Sp°m≥
Xocpamn®p. Ah¿ AØnacsØ sXcs™SpØp. F∂m¬
AØnacw Xm≥ tbmKys√∂p ]d™v Hgn™pamdn. At∏mƒ
HenhpacsØ sXcs™SpØp. Henhpachpw Hgn™pamdpIbmWv
sNbvXXv. ka¿∞cpw √hcpamb ]e hr£ßfpw Cßs cmPm
hmImsX amdnn∂p. HSphn¬ apƒacw cmPmhmbn sXcs™
Sp°s∏´p. apƒacw `cWw XpSßn. F√m hr£ßsfbpw apƒacw
sRcp°n°f™p.
Cu IY hfsc hniZambn AhXcn∏n°Ww. DNnXamb
hyXymk߃ hcpØmw. apƒacØnp]Icw ]S¿∂pIbdp∂ apƒ
s®Sntbm CØnƒ°Æntbm BImw. IYbpsS kmcmwiw hy‡
am°nbn´v ]mTØntebv°v {]thin°mw.
V. ]mT_‘nX {]h¿Ø߃
ap°p {]h¿Øn°mw
tNcpw]Sn tN¿°m≥ Ip´nIƒ°v Ahkcw ¬IWw.
ZmhoZv BZysØ cmPmhv
tkmfa≥ Ahkm ymbm[n]≥
kmhqƒ ]ptcmlnX≥
kmaph¬ ⁄mnbmb cmPmhv
Altdm≥ i‡mb cmPmhv
DØcw Is≠Ømw
1. t]Pv 87 JnI 2
2. t]Pv 88 AhkmJnI
54
3. t]Pv 90 JnI 4
4. am¿]m∏
5. t]Pv 90 JnI 2
VI. Ap_‘nX {]h¿Ø߃
KpWßsfgpXmw
Hcp √ tXmhnv D≠mbncnt°≠ KpW߃ Ghsb∂v
Hmtcm {Kq∏pw N¿® sNbvXv FgpXnbhXcn∏n°m≥ Ahkcw
ÂŹImw.
Rm≥ tXmhmbm¬
Rm≥ tXmhmbm¬ F¥p sNøpw F∂v hniZambn FgpXm≥
F√mh¿°pw Ahkcw ¬IpI. anI®h sXcs™SpØv
¢m n¬ AhXcn∏n°pI.
55
14
C{k-tbense {]hm-N-I-∑m¿
I. BapJw
ssZhØnpth≠n kwkmcn°p∂ {]hmNI∑m¿ C{km
tben¬ D≠mbncp∂p. Ahsc°pdn®pw AhcpsS ZuXyßsf
°pdn®pw hnhcn°p∂ ]mTamWnXv. C{kmtb¬ PXsb tcns‚
hgntb bn°m≥ {]hmNI∑m¿ hln® henb ]¶ns°pdn®v
Cu ]mTw hnhcn°p∂p≠v. k`bn¬ D≈ {]t_m[Isc°pdn®pw
Cu ]mTw Adnhp¬Ip∂p. ssZhnIktµiw Ahkcn®p Pohn
t°≠hcmWv Xßsf∂ Aht_m[w Ip´nIfn¬ hf¿Øphm≥
D]Icn°p∂XmWo ]mTw.
I. Ip´nIƒ kz¥amt°≠Xv.
a) t_m≤yw
ssZhØnpth≠n kwkmcn°p∂hcmWv {]hmNI
∑m¿.
k`sb ]Tn∏n°p∂hcmWv k`m{]t_m[I¿.
b) atm`mhw
{]hmNI∑msc ¬Inb ssZhØnp mw µnb¿
∏nt°≠XmWv.
k`m{]t_m[Isc°pdn®v IqSpX¬ Imcy߃ mw
{Klnt°≠XmWv..
56
c) ioew
k`m{]t_m[߃ Rm≥ Apkcn°pw.
III. t_m[tm]m[nIƒ
k`m{]t_m[IcpsS Nn{X߃, ]eXcw {]hrØnIƒ
sNøp∂ Ip´nIfpsS Nn{X߃, kºq¿Æ ss__nƒ, Nm¿´p
t]∏¿.
IV. ]mTmhXcWw
Nn{XhmbbneqsS ]mTw AhXcn∏n°mw
hnf°nse mfØn¬ sXmSm≥ {ian°p∂ Hcp Ip´n, Bg
ap≈ InW‰nte°v FØn tm°p∂ Ip´n, ]pkvXIw apºn¬
Xpd∂ph®v Ddßp∂ Ip´n˛ XpSßnb Nn{X߃ So®¿ sIm≠p
hcp∂p. Hmtcm∂mbn Ip´nIsf ImWn°p∂p. CØcw kµ¿`
Øn¬ Ip´ntbmSv amXm]nXm°tfm a‰p apXn¿∂htcm F∂mbn
cn°pw ]dbp∂Xv? Duln®p]dbm≥ Ip´nIƒ°v Ahkcw ¬
IWw. Ip´nIsf t¿hgn°pbn°m≥ th≠nbmWv Cßs
]dbp∂sX∂v So®¿ hniZoIcn°Ww. C{]Imcw C{kmtb¬°msc
bn® {]hmNIsc°pdn®v ]d™v ]mTØntebv°v IS°mw.
V. ]mT_‘nX {]h¿Ø߃
ap°p {]h¿Øn°mw
{]hmNI∑mcpsS t]cpIƒ FgpXm≥ Ip´nIsf klm
bn°mw. Ah hensb Nm¿´v t]∏dn¬ FgpXn ¢m n¬ ÿm]n°mw.
Ip´nIsf {Kq∏pXncn°ptºmƒ {]hmNI∑mcpsS t]cpIƒ
{Kq∏pIƒ°p ¬Imw.
DØcw Is≠Ømw
1. t]Pv 93 JnI 1
2. t]Pv 93 JnI 2
3. t]Pv 96 JnI 2
57
4. t]Pv 96 JnI 3
5. t]Pv 96 JnI 4
VI. Ap_‘nX {]h¿Ø߃
hNsagpXmw
Hmtcm {]hmNIpw ]d™n´p≈Xn¬ n∂v Hmtcm Ip´n°pw
G‰hpw CjvSs∏´ hNw FgpXm≥ Ahkcw ¬IpI.
Chsc XncnÂŽdnbmw
hnhn[ k`m{]t_m[IcpsS Nn{X߃ Ip´nIsf ImWn°pI.
Ah Xncn®dn™v t]¿ FgpXnhbv°m≥ Bhiys∏Smw. {Kq∏pXe
Øntem hy‡n]camtbm Cu {]h¿Øw ¬Imw. Ip´nIƒ Xncn®dn
bmØhsc So®¿ ]cnNbs∏SpØWw.
58
15
anin-lm-sb-°p-dn-®p≈
hmKvZm--ßfpw {]h-N--ßfpw
I. BapJw
ssZh]p{Xpw temIc£Ipamb aninlmsb°pdn®v D≠m
bn´p≈ hmKvZmßfpw {]hmNI hNßfpamWv Cu ]mTØns‚
D≈S°w. CutimbpsS {]m[myw temIØnepw Ncn{XØnepw
F{Xam{Xaps≠∂v Cu ]mTw hy‡am°p∂p. ]gbnbaØns‚
XpS¿®bmbn ]pXnbnbaw DSseSp°p∂Xv CutimbneqsSbmWv.
Cu ]›mØeØn¬ Cu Ahkm]mTØnv {]tXyI {]k‡n
bp≠v. {]hNßfpsS ]q¿ØoIcWamb Cutimsb°pdn®v
IqSpXednbm≥ Xmev]cyw Pn∏n°pIsb∂Xpw Cu ]mTØns‚
eÂŁyamWv.
II. Ip´nIƒ kz¥amt°≠Xv
a) t_m≤yw
Cutimsb c£Imbn temIØnp ¬Ipsa∂
{]hN߃ D≠mbn.
{]hNßfpsS ]q¿ØoIcWamWv Cutim.
b) atm`mhw
ap°mbn c£Is Inb ssZhsØ mw
kvXpXn°Ww..
59
temIc£Imb Cutimsb°pdn®v mw a‰p≈
htcmSv ]dbm≥ ISs∏´hcmWv.
c) ioew
Cutimsb Rm≥ Fs‚ Iq´p-Im¿°v ]cnNbs∏
SpØpw.
III. t_m[tm]m[nIƒ
kºq¿Æss__nƒ, CutimbpsS ]eXcw Nn{X߃,
alm∑mcpsSbpw hnip≤cpsSbpw Nn{X߃.
IV. ]mTmhXcWw
GXmpw alm∑mcpsSbpw hnip≤cpsSbpw CutimbpsSbpw
Nn{X߃ Ip´nIsf ImWn°p∂p. AhcpsS t]cpIƒ ]dbm≥
Ahkcw ¬Ip∂p. CXn¬ G‰hpw {][ms∏´ hy‡n Bsc∂v
tNmZn°p∂p. Cutimsb∂v DØcw In´n°gnbptºmƒ AXns‚
ImcWw Xnc°p∂p. Ip´nIƒ ]d™Xns hniZoIcn®psIm≠v
So®¿ ]mTØntebv°v {]thin°p∂p.
V. ]mT_‘nX {]h¿Ø߃
ap°p {]h¿Øn°mw
{InkvXpakv Im¿Uv n¿Ωn°m≥ Ahkcw ¬Imw. AXnv
Ahsc klmbn°Ww. Cutimbp≈ Nn{Xw thWw. √
BiwkmhmIyßfpw D≠mhWw. dp°n´v Iq´pImsc Is≠Øn,
Xømdm°nb Im¿Uv ]ckv]cw ssIamdpIbpw sNømw.
DØcw Is≠Ømw
1. A`njn‡≥
2. CΩmpth¬ {]hNw
3. CutimbpsS PtØmsS
4. t]Pv 101 JnI 4
5. t]Pv 102 JnI 2
60
VI. Ap_‘nX {]h¿Ø߃
Nn{Xw tiJcn°mw
CutimbpsS ]eXcw Nn{Xßfp≠v. ]p¬°q´nse DÆotim,
_memb Cutim, bphmhmb Cutim, Ip´nIfpsS H∏ancn°p∂
Cutim, IgpX∏pdØncn°p∂ Cutim, {]kwKn°p∂ Cutim,
B´n≥Ip´nsb tXmfn¬ hln°p∂ Cutim, hmXnen¬ ap´p∂
Cutim, IpcnipNpa°p∂ Cutim, Ipcnin¬ InS°p∂ Cutim,
Dbn¿sØgpt∂‰ Cutim, {InkvXpcmP≥ XpSßnb F{Xtbm
Nn{Xßfp≠v. Ip´nIƒ Ah¿°v In´p∂nStØmfpw Nn{X߃ sIm
≠p hcs´. AhbpsS Hcp {]Z¿iw ¢m n¬ S-Ømw. AXp ImWm≥
a‰p ¢m nse Ip´n-I-sfbpw A[ym--]-I-scbpw £Wn°pIbpw
sNømw.
hNsagpXmw
Hmtcm Ip´nbpw Ahch¿°v CjvSs∏´, Cutim ]d™
aq∂p hN߃ hoXw FgpXs´. Ah ¢m n¬ s]mXphmbn
hmbn®v AhXcn∏n°m≥ Ahkcw ¬IWw. B hN߃
atmlcambn FgpXn ¢m v Aeœcn°mw.

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Catholic Church Vedapadom Teachers Guide Std.5 uploaded by james Adhikaram kottayam. 9447464502

  • 1. cÂŁIs ImØncp∂ Pw cÂŁ-bpsS ]mX-bnÂŹ Ãm≥tUÂżUv ˛ 5 kotdm ae-_mÂż k`-bpsS hnizmk ]cn-io-e- ]mTm-hen A≤ym-]I klmbn Prepared & Published by SYRO-MALABARCATECHETICALCENTRE MOUNT ST. THOMAS, KAKKANAD, KOCHI- 30
  • 2. 2 Title : RASHAKANEKATHIRUNNAJANAM (Malayalam) Text Prepared & Published by SYRO-MALABARCATECHETICALCENTRE MOUNT ST. THOMAS, KAKKANAD, KOCHI- 30 Distributed by SMCC, MOUNT ST. THOMAS KAKKANAD, KOCHI-30 Printed at Year of Publication 2009 Price : Rs. 15/-
  • 3. 3 BapJw AŠmw ¢m nse Ip´nIƒ°v hnizmk]cnioew ÂŹIp∂ hy‡nbmWv n߃. tIhew ]Øp hb v {]mbap≈ amemJ °p™pßfmWt√m nßfpsS apÂşnencn°p∂Xv. kXyhnizmk Øns‚ _me]mT߃ Ah¿°v ]Itc≠ NpaXebmWv n߃ °p≈Xv. AXp ∂mbn n¿∆ln°m≥ n߃°p Ignbptam? Ht∂m¿Øptm°q. AŠmw ¢m nÂŹ hÂŽv FsÂĽms° ImcyßfmWv n߃ k¨tU kv°qfnÂŹn∂v ]TnÂŽXv. AhnsS n߃ G‰hpw CjvSs∏´ Imcy߃ FsÂĽms°bmbncp∂p? Ah C∂sØ Ip´nIƒ°v nßfpw ÂŹtI≠Xt√? A°meØv n߃°v ¢m nÂŹ n∂v e`nÂŽn´p≈ ktÂĽmjmp`h߃ Hm¿Ω bpt≠m? AØcw Ap`h߃ C∂sØ Ip´nIƒ°pw e`nt°t≠? Cn tNmZysam∂p adnÂŽmImw. ]TnÂŽncp∂ ImeØv n߃°v {]bmkap≠m°nbXpw aXt_m[ØnÂŹ XmÂŹ]cyw Ipdbv°p∂ Xpamb Ap`h߃ D≠mbn´pt≠m? AØcw Ap`hßsfm∂pw ΩpsS ¢m nse Ip´nIƒ°v D≠mhmXncn°m≥ {i≤nt°≠Xt√? as‰mcp Imcyhpw IqSn Hm¿Ωn∏n°s´. Imew amdpIbmWv. Ip´nIfpsS PohnXkmlNcyßfnepw Xmev]cyßfnepw {]h¿Ø ßfnepsams° henb am‰ßfp≠v. A≤ym]Isc∂ nebnÂŹ AXp ]cnKWn°msX ]‰n√. AtXkabw am‰ßfpsS temIØv am‰an√mØ ssZhsØbpw am‰w hcmØ {InkvXob kXyß sfbpw Ip´nIfnÂŹ Dd∏n°pIbmWv hnizmk]cnioeØns‚ eÂŁyw. AXnp klmbn°p∂ ]mT]pkvXIw nßfpsS ]°ep≠v. Ct∏mgnXm A≤ym]I¿°mbn {]tXyIw Xømdm°nb
  • 4. 4 AŠmw ¢m nse A≤ym]I klmbnbpw nßfpsS ssIIfnse Øn°gn™p. IgnhpIƒ hf¿Ønbpw IpdhpIƒ nIØnbpw s√mcp SoÂŽdmIm≥ n߃°p Ignbs´. AXnv Cu A≤ym]I klmbn nßsf klmbn°pw. A≤ym]Iklmbn FÂĽv? FÂĽnv? Hcp A≤ym]Iklmbn SoÂŽdns‚ hgnIm´nbmWv. ]mT ]pkvXIØns‚ Ap_‘amWv. ]mTßfpsS hymJymcq]amWv. ]e hn[ØnÂŹ CXv SoÂŽdnv klmbtaIp∂p≠v. ]mTØns‚ eÂŁyw {Kln°m≥ ]mTØns‚ D≈S°w a nem°m≥ ]mTkw_‘nbmb kwib߃ AI‰m≥ Ip´nIƒ°v Xr]vXnIcamb adp]Sn ÂŹIm≥ ]T {]h¿Ø߃ icnbmbn kwLSn∏n°m≥ DNnXamb {]h¿Ø߃ icnbmbn kwLSn∏n°m≥ tNmZy߃°p≈ DØcw I≠p]nSn°m≥ ]mT]pkvXIsØ icnbmbn D]tbmKs∏SpØm≥ A[nIhnhc߃ tiJcn°m≥ kzÂĽw A≤ym]coXnIsf saÂŽs∏SpØm≥ ]pXnb ]pkvXIØns‚ kao]w Dƒs°m≈m≥ ]mT]pkvXIØnse nÂżtÂąi߃ ]men°phm≥ A≤ym] imkv{XØns‚ {]Ya]mT߃ a nem°phm≥. aq∂p tNmZy߃ 1. FÂĽmWv ]Tn∏nt°≠Xv? FÂĽv eÂŁytØmsSbmWv ]Tn∏n t°≠Xv? 2. BscbmWv ]Tn∏nt°≠Xv? 3. FßsbmWv ]Tn∏nt°≠Xv? hnizmk]cnioeØnÂŹ GÂżs∏´ncn°p∂ F√mhcpw Cu tNmZy߃°v icnbmb DØcw Adn™ncnt°≠XmWv.
  • 5. 5 1. hnizmk]cnioew Fs¥∂v AdnbpI BZysØ tNmZyØns‚ DØcw CXmWv. amtΩmZok kzoI cnÂŽhsc {InkvXob hnizmkØns‚ ]IzXbntebv°pw {InkvXob PohnXØns‚ ]q¿ÆXbntebv°pw bnÂŽpsIm≠v {InkvXphnÂŹ hfcp∂Xnv klmbn°pIbmWv hnizmk]cnioeØns‚ ASn- Ăżm eÂŁyw. CXn-mbn hnizm-k-Øns‚ Adn-hn-tebv°pw Ap- `-h-Øn-tebv°pw Pohn-X-Øn-tebv°pw Ip´n-Iƒ°v hgn-Im-´p-∂-XmWv icnbmb hnizmk]cnioew. ""aninlm nßfnÂŹ cq]s∏Spthmfw Rm≥ Cu‰ptmhp` hn°p∂p'' F∂ hn. ]utemkns‚ XoÂŁvWXbmWv SoÂŽdnp th≠Xv. ]gbnbaPXbmb C{kmtbens‚ Ncn{XamWv AŠmw ¢m nÂŹ ]Tn∏n°mp≈Xv. ]pXnb nbaPXbmb k`bpsS {]XoIw IqSnbmWv C{kmtbÂŹ. AXnmÂŹ Ip´nIƒ°v ]gb nbaPX sbbpw ]pXnbnbaPXsbbpw _‘n∏nÂŽpw XmcXays∏SpØn bpw ]mTyhkvXpXIƒ hy‡am°nsImSp°m≥ SoÂŽÂż {i≤n°Ww. FÂĽmWv ]Tn∏nt°≠Xv F∂Xns‚ BÂĽcm¿∞w CXmWv. FÂĽp eÂŁytØmsSbmWv ]Tn∏nt°≠Xv F∂Xnpw SoÂŽdns‚ ]° hy‡amb DØcw D≠mbncn°Ww. ]pXnb C{kmtbense AwKamb Xm≥ ssZhlnXw ApkcnÂŽv Pohn t°≠ hy‡nbmsW∂ Aht_m[w Hmtcm Ip´nbnepw hf¿Øp IbmWv eÂŁysa∂v Adn™ncn°Ww. 2. Ip´nIsf AdnbWw n߃ ]Tn∏nt°≠Xpw hnizmk]cnioew ÂŹtI≠Xpw Ip´nIƒ°mWt√m. c≠masØ tNmZyØnp≈ DØcw CXn ep≠v. Ip´nIfpsS ImcyØnÂŹ aq∂p kwKXnIƒ {]tXyIw ]cnK Wnt°≠Xp≠v. a) {]mbt`Zw: Ip´nIfpsS {]mbhyXymkw IW°nseSp°Ww. nßfpsS apÂşnep≈ Ip´nIfpsS {]mbtØmSv kwhmZn°m≥ IgnbWw. aq∂nepw menepw ]Tn°p∂ Ip´nIfnÂŹn∂v Ipsdsbms° hyXykvXcmWv AŠmw ¢m pImÂż Ft∂mÂż Ωn°Ww. {]mbw Ihn™ Ip´nIƒ ¢m neps≠¶nÂŹ AXpw ]cnKWn°m≥ ad°cpXv. {]mbØnp tN¿∂ hn[ØnÂŹ Bflobmlmcw ]I¿∂p sImSp°m≥ hnizmk]cnioeI¿°p ISabp≠v.
  • 6. 6 b) tZit`Zw: Ip´nIƒ hf¿∂phcp∂ tZiØns‚ AYhm {]m tZinILSbpsS kÂĽm߃ IqSnbmWv. {]tZiØns‚ {]tXyIXIƒ AhcnÂŹ ngen°pw. {KmaØnse ]Øp hb pImcnbpw KcØnse ]Øphb pImcnbpw NnÂĽbnepw {]hrØnbnepw hyXykvXX ]pe¿Øp∂hcmWv. Cu hyXymkw hnizmk]cnioeØnepw ]cnKWnt°≠ Xp≠v. ]T{]h¿Ø߃ ÂŹIptÂşmgpw N¿ŽIƒ kwL Sn∏n°ptÂşmgpw Hs° tZit`ZØnv {]m[myaps≠∂v SoÂŽÂż Hm¿Ωn°Ww. c) Imet`Zw: ASpØ LSIw ImeØns‚ am‰amWv. SoÂŽÂż Ip´n°mew Ign™ph∂ hy‡nbmsWÂśnepw Ip´nIsf a nem°m≥ AXpam{Xw t]mcm. ImcWw, Ip´nIƒ hfcp∂Xv ]pXnb ImeØmWv. KXnthKw IqSnb C°meØv Pohn°p∂ Ip´nIfpsS {]tXyIXIƒ {Kln°msX SoÂŽdnv Ahsc ∂mbn ]cnioen∏n°m≥ Bhns√t∂m¿°pI. Ip´nIfpsS IgnhpIƒ, IpdhpIƒ, Xmev]cy߃, km[y XIƒ F∂nhsbms° SoÂŽÂż Adn™ncn°Ww. Nncn°mpw Ic bmpw kwkmcn°mpw tIƒ°mpw ImWmpw HmSmpw NmSm psams° Ignhpw D’mlhpap≈hcmWv Ip´nIƒ. Ah D]tbm K∏SpØm≥ IgnbWw. DZmlcWambn Ip´nIfpsS kwkmcn°mp≈ Ignhpam{Xw ]cnKWn°mw. nch[n Imcy߃ hmsamgnbneqsS AhÂż sNøpw. AsXm∂p IpdnÂŽphÂŽmÂŹ Cßsbmbncn°nt√? ˛ IY ]dbpw ˛ ]m´p]mSpw ˛ tNmZyw tNmZn°pw ˛ DØcw ]dbpw ˛ hntij߃ ]Âśphbv°pw ˛ Adnbmhp∂ Imcy߃ hnhcn°pw ˛ `mhm]cambn NnÂĽnÂŽp]dbpw ˛ kw`h߃ hnhcn°pw ˛ ]cmXnIƒ ]dbpw
  • 7. 7 ˛ nÂżtÂąi߃ D∂bn°pw ˛ Nn{Xw tm°n Bibw ]dbpw... CsX√mw sNøm≥ Ahkcap≈XmWv hnizmk]cnioe thZnsbÂśnÂŹ Ip´nIƒ°v CjvSs∏Snt√? IfnIƒ CjvSs∏Sp∂hcmWv Ip´nIƒ. HØncn Ifn°p∂ hcmWv AŠmw ¢m nse Ip´nIƒ. AXneqsS nch[n Imcy߃ km[n°p∂p≠v. ˛ nÂżtÂąi߃ a nem°p∂p ˛ nba߃ Apkcn°p∂p ˛ nbaw sX‰nÂŽmÂŹ XncnÂŽdnbp∂p ˛ sX‰pIƒ XncpØp∂p ˛ ktÂĽmjhpw kÂśShpw ]Âśphbv°p∂p ˛ hnImc߃ {]ISn∏n°p∂p ˛ kwLambn {]h¿Øn°p∂p ˛ {]h¿ØßfnÂŹ D’mltØmsS GÂżs∏Sp∂p. CsX√mw hnizmk]cnioe ¢m nepw kw`hn°p∂ kwKXn IfmWv. CXns√mw Ignhp≈hcmWv ap∂nencn°p∂ Ip´nIsf∂ XncnÂŽdnhv SoÂŽdnp≠mhWw. Ip´nIsf icnbmbn a nem°m≥ SoÂŽdnv klmbIamb ]e amÂżKßfp≠v. AhbnÂŹ NneXv Xmsg ∏dbp∂hbmWv. Ip´nIfpambp≈ CSs]SÂŹ kqÂŁvancoÂŁWw _meaximkv{XØnep≈ Adnhv Ip´nIsf kw_‘n°p∂ ]pkvXIßfpsS hmb 3. ]TcoXn AdnbWw ]pXnb Imew, ]pXnb Ip´nIƒ, ]pXnb ]mT]pkvXIw. CØ csamcp kmlNcyØnÂŹ ]pØ≥ ]TcoXnIƒ Ip´nIƒ°p ÂŹIWw. A≤ym]Ønv ]pXnb amÂżK߃ kzoIcn°Ww. ap≥]v I≠Xpt]mse Ip´nIfpsS mmXcw IgnhpIƒ D]tbm
  • 8. 8 Ks∏SpØp∂ ]Tk{ÂşZmbw BhiyamWv. {]h¿Ø߃ °p≈ Ahkcw Ip´nIƒ°v Bthmfw ÂŹIWw. tIƒ°m≥ am{Xa√, ]dbmpw FgpXmpw ImWmpw sNømpw ]‰nb nch[n Ahkc߃ ]mT]pkvXIw {]Zmw sNøp∂p. efnXamb {]h¿Ø߃ hnizmkØns‚ Hmtcmtcm Awi߃ kzmbØam°m≥ Ip´nIsf klmbn°p∂p. Ah sbm∂pw n mcßf√Xmpw. AXnmÂŹ ]pXnb t_m[coXn Iƒ {Kln°m≥ SoÂŽÂż Xømdmth≠XmWv. ]T{]h¿Ø߃ hnizmk]cnioe ¢m nÂŹ {]h¿ØßfneqsSbmWv ]Tw St°≠Xv. F∂mÂŹ icnbmb ]T{]h¿Ø߃°v Nne khntijXIƒ D≠mtb aXnbmhq. B khntijXIƒ FsÂĽms°bmsW∂p tm°mw. ˛ Hcp eÂŁysØ ap≥n¿Ønbp≈Xv ˛ Ip´nIfnÂŹ Xmev]cyw Pn∏n°p∂Xv ˛ Ip´nIfpsS {]IrXØnv tN¿∂Xv ˛ Ip´nIƒ°v {]h¿ØkzmX{ÂĽyw ÂŹIp∂Xv ˛ hnjbhpambn _‘ap≈Xv ˛ F√mh¿°pw ]ÂśmfnØap≈Xv ˛ kab_‘nXambn sNømhp∂Xv ˛ {]mtbmKnIambn Ffp∏ap≈Xv. ˛ Ip´nIfpsS nehmcØnv tbmPnÂŽXv ˛ Ip´nIfnÂŹ sh√phnfn Db¿Øp∂Xv ˛ XpSÂż]TØnv Ahkcap≈Xv ˛ SoÂŽdnv hnebncpØm≥ Ign-bp-∂Xv. ]mT]pkvXIØnsebpw A≤ym]I klmbnbntebpw {]h¿Ø߃ Ip´nIƒ°p ÂŹImw. ]pXnb {]h¿Ø߃ SoÂŽÂż Is≠Øn sImSp°pIbpamhmw. At∏msgms° C∏d™ khntijXIƒ Hm¿Øncn°p∂Xv √XmWv.
  • 9. 9 SoÂŽÂż {i≤nt°≠ Imcy߃ 1. F√m Ip´nIƒ°pw ]mT]pkvXIw Ds≠∂v Dd∏phcpØWw. AXv XpS°Ønte hmßm≥ nÂżtÂąin°pIbpw thWw. 2. ]mT]pkvXIØnÂŹ hcbv°mpw FgpXmpap≈ Imcy߃ ¢m nÂŹhÂŽp am{Xw sNøs´. C°mcyw SoÂŽÂż ap≥Iq´n Ip´nIsf t_m[ys∏SpØWw. 3. A[nI{]h¿Ø߃ ho´nÂŹ hÂŽv sNøp∂Xnmbn Ip´n Iƒ°p ÂŹImw. AXp hy‡ambn ]d™p sImSpØp hnSWw. ]nt‰ BgvNhcptÂşmƒ sNbvXXv ]cntim[n°p Ibpw thWw. ]mTØntebv°v {]thin°ptÂşmƒ hnizmk]cnioew, Ip´nIfpsS {]tXyIXIƒ, ]pXnb ]T coXn F∂nhsb°pdnÂŽv n߃ a nem°n. Cn ]mTßfnte bv°v hcnIbmWv. ]mThniIeØnÂŹ {]tXyIamsbmcp cq]LS kzoIcnÂŽn´p≠v. AXv Xmsg∏dbp∂ hn[ØnemWv. 1. BapJw ]mTØns‚ D≈S°w, ktÂľiw, Du∂¬ sImSpt°≠ ]mTyhkvXpX F∂nhsb°pdnÂŽp≈ kwÂŁn]vXhnhcamWv BapJØnÂŹ tN¿°p∂Xv. ]mTsØ°pdnÂŽv SoÂŽdnv Hcp ImgvN∏mSv D≠mIm≥ CXp]Icn°pw. 2. Ip´nIƒ kzÂĽamt°≠Xv Hcp ]mTØneqsS Ip´nIƒ ttS≠ DtÂąiy߃ ChnsS kqNn∏n°p∂p. Ahsb aq∂mbn Xncn°mw. a) t_m[yw b) atm`mhw c) ioew F∂nhbmWh. tNmtZymØc߃°pw {]hÂż Ø߃°pw tijw Ip´nIfnÂŹ Ch AhtijnÂŽmte hnizmk ]cnioew ^e{]ZamhpIbp≈q.
  • 10. 10 3. t_m[tm]m[nIƒ Hmtcm ]mThpw ∂mbn AhXcn∏n°p∂Xnv Nne ]Ttm ]IcW߃ BhiyamWv. SoÂŽÂż Ahsb√mw ap≥Iq´n tiJcnÂŽv ¢m nÂŹ sIm≠pt]mIWw. Km߃, IYIƒ, IfnIƒ, mSI cq]߃ Nm¿´pIƒ, ImÂżUpIƒ, ^vfmÂŹ, Nn{X߃ F∂nh sbms° Nnet∏mƒ Bhiyambn hcpw. hkvXp °ƒ am{Xa√, hkvXpXIfpw IqSn Dƒs∏Sp∂XmWv t_m[tm]m[nIƒ. SoÂŽÂż a nÂŹ Xømdm°n sIm≠pt]mIp∂ Hcp ]T{]h¿Øhpw t_m[tm]m[nIfpsS ]cn[nbnÂŹ hcp∂XmWv Ft∂m¿Ωn°pI. 4. ]mTmhXcWw Hmtcm ]mThpw Ip´nIfpsS ap∂nÂŹ Fßs AhXcn∏n° Wsa∂v hnhcn°p∂ `mKamWnXv. ]mTw XpS°w apXÂŹ HSp°w hsc hmbnÂŽhXcn∏n°p∂ Imesams° IS∂pt]mbn. Ip´nIƒ°v BIÂżjIamb hn[ØnÂŹ ]mTw XpSßm≥ IgnbWw. XpScmpw Ahkmn∏n°mpw IgnbWw. AXnp≈ kqNIfmWv ]mThXcWØnÂŹ tN¿Øn´p ≈Xv. Ahtb°mƒ saÂŽsa∂p tXm∂p∂h Is≠ØnbmÂŹ D]tbmKn°mhp∂XmWv. G‰hpa[nIw Hcp°w Bhiyap≈ ImcyamWv ]mTmhXcWsa∂v ad°cpXv. 5. ]mT_‘nX{]h¿Ø߃ ]mT]pkvXIØnse {]h¿Øßsf°pdnÂŽp≈ nÂżtÂąiß ƒ Cu `mKØv tN¿Øncn°p∂p. tNmZy߃°p≈ DØcßfpw ÂŹInbn´p≠v. SoÂŽdnp≈ kqNbmbn F√m {]h¿Øßfpw sNøm≥ Ip´nItfmSv njvIÂżjn°Ww. 6. Ap_‘nX {]h¿Ø߃ ]mT]pkvXIØnÂŹ C√mØXpw ]mTßtfmSp Iq´ntŽ¿°m hp∂Xpamb {]h¿ØßfmWv Ch. Hmtcm∂pw SoÂŽdn‚ CjvSm pkcWw kzoIcn°mhp∂hbmWv. k¾¿`Ønv CWßpw hn[w Bhiyap≈nStØmfw. D]tbmKn°pI. A[ym]IklmbnbnÂŹ tN¿°mØ {]h¿Ø߃ In´psaÂśnÂŹ Ahbpw ¢m nÂŹ D] tbmKn°mw. Ap_‘nX {]h¿Øßsf√mw SoÂŽdns‚ atm`mh ØnpkrXambn sNømp≈XmsW∂v Hm¿Øncn°pI.
  • 11. 11 Hmtcm ]mTØnepw HmÂżt°≠ Imcy߃ 1. Hmtcm ]mThpw c≠v Znhkw (2 RmbdmgvNIƒ) sIm≠v ]Tn∏nÂŽpXo¿°Ww F∂mWv [mcW. AXnmÂŹ Hmtcm ]mTØnsebpw Imcy߃ c≠mbn hn`PnÂŽv Hcpßp∂XmWv kuIcyw. IgnbpsaÂśnÂŹ ]mThkvXpXIfpw (Content) {]h¿Øßfpw (Activity) c≠pZnhkßfnepw Dƒs∏Sp∂ hn[ØnÂŹ {IaoIcn°p∂XmWv √Xv. 2. {]h¿Ø߃ ]eXpw ¢m nÂŹhÂŽpXs∂ Ip´nIƒ sNtø ≠XmWv. c≠p Znhkßfnembn Hcp ]mTw ]q¿Ønbm°m≥ kabw e`n°pw. Hmtcm {]h¿Øhpw sNømp≈ nÂżtÂąi ߃ hy‡ambpw IrXyambpw ÂŹIWw. ho´nÂŹ hÂŽv sNtø≠h Ds≠¶nÂŹ AXv c≠mwZnhkw Xs∂ Ip´nItfmSv ]d™phnSWw. 3. "Fs‚ Xocpamw' F∂ t]cnÂŹ sImSpØncn°p∂h Ip´n IfnÂŹ cq]s∏tS≠ ioew Xs∂bmWv. Hmtcm ]mTØnsebpw Xocpamw Fßs {]mtbmKnIam°msa∂p hniZam°n s°mSp°Ww. AXv AhcpsS kzÂĽw Xocpamam°n am‰Ww. ]nt‰ BgvNbnÂŹ Xocpamw F{XtØmfw S∏nem°n F∂v Atzjn°Ww 4. an° ]mTßfnepw IY ]dbm≥ Ahkcßfp≠v. ]camh[n k¾¿`߃ CXnmbn D]tbmKn°Ww. CSbv°v IY]dbm≥ Ip´nIƒ°pw Ahkcw ÂŹIWw. Xmev]cyw DW¿Øn, BImwÂŁ hf¿Øn, Bib߃ kzoIcn°m≥ X°hn[w IY AhXcn∏n°Ww. AXnv Xmsg ]dbp∂ Imcy߃ {i≤n°Ww. ˛ hniZmwi߃ hn´pIfbcpXv. ˛ hy‡nIsfbpw kw`hßsfbpw h¿Æn°Ww. ˛ Ip´nIƒ°nWßp∂ ]Zßfpw `mjmssienbpw D]tbm Kn°Ww. ˛ IYbv°nSbnÂŹ sNdnb tNmZy߃ tNmZn°Ww. ˛ Ip´nIfpsS klmbtØmsS IY ]q¿Ønbm°m≥ Ign™mÂŹ ∂v.
  • 12. 12 ˛ hnizmk]cnioe¢m nv DXIp∂ IYIƒ sXcs™ SpØv AhXcn∏n°Ww. 5. IfnIfpsS kz`mhap≈ {]h¿Ø߃ Ip´nIƒ°v ÂŹIm hp∂XmWv. Ah kwLSn∏n°ptÂşmƒ Nne ImcyßfnÂŹ {i≤n°Ww. ¢m ns‚ AÂĽco£Ønp tN¿∂h sXcs™Sp°Ww. {]h¿ØØns‚ hniZmwi߃ ap≥Iq´n Xocpamn °Ww. nÂżtÂąi߃ hy‡ambn IrXyambpw ÂŹIWw. nÂżtÂąi߃ IrXyambn ]men°m≥ njvIÂżjn°Ww. F√mhcpsSbpw ]ÂśmfnØw Dd∏phcpØWw. nÂżtÂąi߃ ]men°mØhsc XncpØWw. {]h¿ØØns‚ eÂŁyw ssIhcn°p∂pt≠msb∂v ncoÂŁn°Ww. Hm¿Ωn°m≥ aq∂v Imcy߃°qSn 1. Cu A≤ym]klmbn ]q¿Æambn {i≤m]qÂżhw hmbn°Ww. Hmtcm ]mThniIehpw a nem°Ww. ap≥ ¢m pIfnse ]mT]pkvXIßfpw A≤ym]I klmbnbpw hmbnÂŽptm°p ∂Xv A≤ym]sØ IqSpXÂŹ ka{Kam°m≥ klmbn°pw. 2. Hmtcm ]mThpw ]Tn∏n°p∂Xnp apÂşmbn AXmXv ]mT hni IeØns‚ klmbtØmsS √ Hcp°w SØWw. ]mTmkq{XWw ∂mbmÂŹ ¢ms Sp°m≥ Gsd Ffp∏amIpw. Fs¥√mw Imcy߃, GXp hn[ØnÂŹ Ip´nIƒ°v ÂŹIWw. Fs¥√mw {]hrØnIƒ Ahscs°m≠p sNøn°Ww Fs∂√mw aq≥Iq´n Xocpamn°p∂XmWv Bkq{XWw. ∂mbn SØp∂ ]mTmkq{XWw, ]mTmhXcWw ∂mbn n¿∆ln °m≥ SoÂŽdns {]m]vXbm°psa∂XnÂŹ kwiban√. 3. ]mTmkq{XWØnÂŹ XocpamnÂŽ Imcy߃ Hcp tm´p _p°nÂŹ FgpXnhÂŽmÂŹ Ffp∏ambn. AXp]tbmKnÂŽv ¢m v bn°mw. SoÂŽdnv hy‡n]cambn kuIcysa∂p tXm∂p∂ hn[ØnÂŹ FgpXnbmÂŹ aXn. AXmWv ]mT°pdn∏v. Hmtcm
  • 13. 13 ]mTØnpw ]mT°pdn∏v FgpXn ioen°p∂Xv IqSpXÂŹ ∂mbn ]mTw Hcpßm≥ CShcpw. ]ebnSØpn∂mbn SoÂŽdnp e`n°p∂ A[nIhnhcßfpw {]h¿Øßfpw Cu _p°nÂŹ FgpXmpw Ignbpw. ¢m nÂŹ D]tbmKn°m≥ ]‰p∂ IYIƒ, ]m´pIƒ, Nn{X߃ F∂nhsbms° tiJcnÂŽphbv°mpw Cu _p°v D]tbmKn°mw.
  • 14. 14
  • 15. 15 1 ss__nƒ cÂŁ-bpsS Ncn{Xw I. BapJw hnip≤{KŸamb ss__nfns‚ {]m[myhpw {]tXyIXIfpw hy‡am°p∂XmWv Cu ]mTw. ssZhhNØnv ApZn Pohn XØnÂŹ Ăżmw ÂŹtI≠Xns‚ BhiyIX Cu ]mTØneqsS Ip´nIƒ {Kln°Ww. ss__nƒ BZcthmsS D]tbmKn°mp ap≈ Xmev]cyw Ip´nIfnÂŹ hf¿Øm≥ Cu ]mTw D]Icn°Ww. II. Ip´nIƒ kzÂĽamt°≠Xv a) t_m[yw apjyPXbv°p apgphpambn ssZhw ÂŹInb hnip≤{KŸamWv ss__nƒ. ssZhmp`hØns‚ Ncn{XamWv ss__nƒ AhX cn∏n°p∂Xv. b) atm`mhw ss__nfneqsS tΩmSv ncÂĽcw kwkmcn°p∂ ssZhØnv mw Âľnb¿∏n°Ww. ssZhhNamb ss__nƒ BZcthmsS D]tbmKn °Ww. c) ioew Rm≥ F√m Znhkhpw `‡ntbmSpw {i≤tbmSpw IqSn ss__nƒ hmbn°pw.
  • 16. 16 III. t_m[tm]m[nIƒ ss__nƒ, thZ]mT]pkvXIw, Ip¿∍m]pkvXIw, ]m´p ]pkvXIw, IY]pkvXIw, tm´p_p°v, PohNcn{X ]pkvXI߃. IV. ]mTmhXcWw "GsX∂p ]dbmtam' F∂ {]h¿ØØneqsS ]mTmh XcWw SØmw. ¢m nÂŹ sIm≠ph∂n´p≈ t_m[tm]m[nIƒ ( ss__nƒ, ]m´p]pkvXIw, tm´p_p°v, IY]pkvXIw) Ip´nIƒ°v hnXcWw sNøp∂p. F√m Ip´nIƒ°pw Hmtcm∂v ÂŹIm≥ Ign™mÂŹ ∂v. AsænÂŹ {Kq∏nv Hmtcm∂v F∂ hn[ØnÂŹ sImSp°p∂p. HmtcmcpØcpw In´nb ]pkvXIw Db¿Øn°m´n, AXns‚ t]cv ]dbp∂p. SoÂŽÂż B t]cpIƒ t_mÂżUnÂŹ FgpXp∂p. AhbnÂŹ G‰hpw {][ms∏´ ]pkvXIw GXmsW∂v tNmZn °p∂p. Ip´nIƒ DØcw ]dbs´. FÂĽpsIm≠v B DØcw ]d™psh∂v hniZoIcn°m≥ Bhiys∏Smw. kz`mhnIambpw Ip´nIƒ "ss__nƒ' F∂ DØcw ÂŹIpw. hniZoIcWw Hcp ]tÂŁ A]cym]vXamtb°mw. SoÂŽÂż ChnsS ^e{]Zambn CSs]´v, Ip´nIƒ ]d™ DØ-c-߃ D]tbmKnÂŽpsIm≠v ]mTØnte°v Ahsc bn°p∂p. FÂĽpsIm≠mWv ss__nƒ G‰hpw {][m s∏´ ]pkvXIamhp∂sX∂ tNmZyØnp≈ DØcw tXSp∂Xnv ]mTw Ip´nIsf klmbn°p∂p F∂ coXnbnÂŹ AhXcn∏n°Ww. V. ]mT_‘nX {]h¿Ø߃ ap°p ]mSmw ]mT`mKØns‚ ktÂľiw Kmcq]Ønem°nbXmWv ]mSm≥ ÂŹInbncn°p∂Xv. XntÂŽm kwLamtbm CuWw Is≠Øn Be]n°m≥ Ip´nIƒ°v Ahkcw ÂŹIWw. BhiysaÂśnÂŹ SoÂŽÂż klmbn°pIbpamhmw. ap°p {]m¿∞n°mw ssIIƒ Iq∏n, `‡n]q¿∆w {]m¿∞ sNm√m≥ Ahkcw ÂŹIWw. {Kq∏ntm Ip´nt°m amdnamdn Ahkcw sImSpØmÂŹ aXn.
  • 17. 17 ssZhhNw hmbn°mw, hnhcn°mw DÂŹ]Øn 9:1˛17 F∂ `mKw hmbn°m≥ H∂mw Znhkw Krl ]mTw ÂŹIp∂p. c≠mwZnhkw Cu `mKsØ Bkv]Zam°n {]ivtmØcn SØp∂p. t]mbn‚ v ÂŹIp∂p. amXrImtNmZy߃: 1) ssZhØns‚ DSÂşSnbpsS ASbmfw ˛ aghn√v 2) ssZhw DSÂşSn sNbvXXv˛ tmltbmSpw ]p{X∑mtcmSpw. 3) BcpsS OmbbnemWv apjys krjvSnÂŽXv˛ ssZhØns‚ hgn°m´m≥ Hcp XncphNw X∂ncn°p∂ hNw hen∏ap≈ Hcp ISemkntem Nm¿´ntem FgpXns°m≠phcm≥ Ip´nItfmSv Bhiys∏Sp∂p. Ah kvsIÂŽp t]bpw a‰pw D]tbmKnÂŽp BIÂżjIam°mw. AXv ¢m nÂŹ {]ZÂż in∏n°pI. Ăżncambn H´nÂŽphbv°pItbm Xq°nbnSpItbm sNbv XmÂŹ ¢m nv AeÂśmcamhpw. Ip´nIfpsS a nÂŹ hNw ]XnbpIbpw sNøpw ap°p {]h¿Øn°mw hfsc efnXamb {]h¿Ø߃ sNøm≥ nÂżtÂąinÂŽmÂŹ aXn. {]bmkaps≠∂p I≠mÂŹ SoÂŽÂż Ip´nIsf klmbn°Ww. Fs‚ Xocpamw Ip´nIfnÂŹ ioeambnØotc≠ ImcyamWv Xocpamambn sImSpØncn°p∂Xv. AXp ]men°m≥ t{]cn∏n°pI. ioen°p ∂pt≠msb∂v ]cntim[nÂŽdnbpI. DØcw Is≠Ømw 1. t]Pv 10 JnI 1 2. t]Pv 10 JnI 2 3. t]Pv 11 JnI 3 4. t]Pv 12 JnI 2 5. t]Pv 12 Ahkm JnI (DØcw Dƒs°m≈p∂ t]Ppw JnIbpamWv tN¿Øncn °p∂Xv. DØcambn htc≠ `mKw am{Xw Ip´nIƒ°v ]d™p sImSpØmÂŹ aXn.)
  • 18. 18 VI. Ap_‘nX {]h¿Ø߃ DØcadnbmtam? ]mT]pkvXIw Xpd°m≥ Ip´nIsf AphZn°p∂p. ]mTØnse Nne hm°pIƒ DØcambn hcp∂ sNdptNmZy߃ tNmZn°p∂p. icnbpØcw ]dbp∂h¿°v t]mbn‚ v ÂŹIp∂p. ss__nƒ AeÂścn°mw ¢m nÂŹ `‡n]q¿∆w ss__nƒ AeÂścn°p∂p. H∂mw Znhkw AXnp≈ nÂżtÂąiw Ip´nIƒ°v ÂŹIp∂p. ]WsÂŽe hn√mØ hkvXp°ƒ CXnmbn sIm≠phcm≥ Bhiys∏Sp∂p. Ah D]tbmKnÂŽv, c≠mw Znhkw ss__nƒ tai∏pdØphÂŽv AeÂścn°p∂p. ss__nƒ Npw_n°mpw BZcthmsS Iønse Sp°mpw hmbn°mpw Ahkcw ÂŹIp∂p.
  • 19. 19 2 A{_-mlØns‚ hnfn I. BapJw hnizmknIfpsS ]nXmhmb A{_mlØns‚ Ncn{Xw hnhcn °p∂ ]mTamWnXv. ssZhw A{_mlsØ hnfn°p∂XpapXep≈ kw`h]cÂşcIƒ CXnÂŹ hnhcn°p∂p. hnizmkØns‚ {]m[myw {Kln°mpw hnizmkØnÂŹ DdÂŽp nÂŹt°≠Xns‚ BhiyIX a nem°mpw Cu ]mTw Ip´nIsf klmbn°Ww. hnizmk ØnÂŹ ASnbpdÂŽphfcm≥ Ip´nIƒ°v ]cnioew ÂŹIm≥ D]Icn°p∂ ]mTamWnXv II. Ip´nIƒ kzÂĽamt°≠Xv a) t_m[yw ssZhØnÂŹ hnizkn°p∂hcpsS amXrIbmWv A{_mlw. ssZhØns‚ hm°v hnizknÂŽv ApkcWw ]men ÂŽXnmemWv A{_mlw ApKrloXmbXv. b) atm`mhw A{_mlsØ ApIcnÂŽv mw hnizmkØnÂŹ Dd∏p ttS≠hcmWv. GXp {]XnIqekmlNcyØnepw mw hnizmkØnÂŹ nesImt≈≠hcmWv.
  • 20. 20 c) ioew Rm≥ ssZhØnÂŹ hnizknÂŽpsIm≠v AhnSpsØ Iev]Iƒ Apkcn°pw. III. t_m[tm]m[nIƒ samss_ÂŹ t^m¨, sSet^mWns‚ Nn{Xw, ssa°ns‚ Nn{Xw, ]e kmlNcyßfnÂŹ ]e hn[ØnÂŹ a‰p≈hsc hnfn°p∂Xns‚ Nn{X߃, ]mT]pkvXIw, ss__nƒ IV. ]mTmhXcWw "hnfnbpw hn[hpw' F∂ {]h¿ØØneqsS ]mTmhXcWw n¿∆ln°mw. ¢m nÂŹ sIm≠ph∂n´p≈ t_m[tm]IcW߃ Ip´nI sf ImWn°p∂p. Ah hniZoIcnÂŽv ]eXcw hnfnIsf°pdnÂŽv eLp N¿Ž SØp∂p. Ip´nIƒ ChbnÂŹ ]eXpw D]tbmKn°p∂hcmImw. t^m¨hnfn°v adp]Sn ÂŹIp∂Xv Fßssb∂v hniZoI cn°p∂p. Hcp tbmKØnÂŹ ssa°nÂŹ IqSn Hcmsf t]cphnfnÂŽp ÂŁWnÂŽmÂŹ adp]Sn ÂŹtI≠Xv thZnbnÂŹ sN∂psIm≠mWv. Iq´pImÂż hnfn°p∂Xpw A[ym]IÂż hnfn°p∂Xpw Hcpt]mse b√. ]∏tbmSpw hnImcnbÂŽtmSpw hnfn tIƒ°p∂Xv Hcpt]mse b√t√m. CØcØnÂŹ ]eXcw hnfnIfpw hnfntIƒ°epIfpw ]cnNbs∏SpØnb tijw ssZhw hnfnÂŽXpw A{_mlw hnfntI ´Xpw Fßssb∂v a nem°m≥ ]mTØntebv°p {]thin°mw. V. ]mT_‘nX{]¿Ø߃ N.B ap°p {]m¿∞n°mw. ap°p ]mSmw, ssZhhNw hmbn°mw hnhcn°mw, hgnIm´m≥ Hcp XncphNw, Fs‚ Xocpamw F∂nhsb°pdnÂŽp≈ nÂżtÂąi߃ H∂masØ ]mTØnÂŹ sImSpØn´p≈Xv {i≤n°pat√m. ap°v {]h¿Øn°mw `q]SØnÂŹ nÂżtÂąinÂŽncn°p∂ Ăże߃ Is≠Øn ASbmfs∏SpØm≥ hy‡n]camtbm {Kq∏mtbm Ahkcw ÂŹImw. Ip´nIƒ°p km[n°msX h∂mÂŹ am{Xw SoÂŽÂż CSs]´mÂŹ aXn.
  • 21. 21 DØcw Is≠Ømw 1. henb PXbpsS ]nXmhv 2. t]Pv 17 JnI 2 3. t]Pv 17 JnI 4 4. t]Pv 19 JnI 1 5. t]Pv 19 JnI 2 VI. Ap_‘nX {]h¿Ø߃ tdmƒ tπ A{_mlw Cklm°ns _enIgn°m≥ sIm≠pt]mIp∂ k¾¿`w tdmƒtπ Bbn AhXcn∏n°m≥ Ahkcw ÂŹImw. A{_mlw, Cklm°v, ssZhZqX≥ F∂o IYm]m{X߃ thWw. UbtemKpIƒ Ip´nIƒ°v ]d™psImSpØmÂŹ aXn, henb Hcp°w IqSmsX Xs∂ CXp sNømw. IYmthf DÂŹ]Øn 22:1˛18 hmbnÂŽv Hcpßnhcm≥ Bhiys∏Sp∂p. B `mKØv {]Xn]mZn°p∂ IY BIÂżjIambn ]dbm≥ Ahkc taIp∂p. ∂mbn ]dbp∂ Ip´nt°m {Kq∏ntm t]mbn‚ v ÂŹImw.
  • 22. 22 3 C{km-tb-ens‚ sXc-s™-Sp∏v I. BapJw A{_mlØns‚ kÂĽXn]cÂşc Fßs C{kmtbÂŹ Pambn cq]s∏´p F∂p hnhcn°p∂ ]mTamWnXv. ssZhw Hcp PXsb kzÂĽw Pam°n am‰pIbpw Ahsc {]tXyIambn bn°pIbpw sNøp∂p. ssZhØns‚ cÂŁmIc]≤Xnsb°pdnÂŽv a nem°m≥ Cu ]mTw klmbn°pw. PohnXØnÂŹ ssZh Øns‚ ]≤Xn S∏nemhp∂Xns kw_‘nÂŽp≈ {]mYanI NnÂĽIƒ Ip´nIƒ°v ÂŹIm≥ Cu ]mTw D]tbmKn°mw. II. Ip´nIƒ kzÂĽamt°≠Xv a) t_m[yw ssZhØns‚ kzÂĽw PamWv C{kmtbÂŹ sΩ°pdnÂŽv ssZhØnv Hcp ]≤Xnbp≠v b) atm`mhw ssZhnI]≤XntbmSv tbmPnÂŽp {]h¿Ønt°≠ hcmWv mw Akm[mcWamb Ap`hßfnepw mw ssZhtØmSv tN¿∂pn°Ww c) ioew ssZhhpambp≈ _‘w nen¿Øp∂Xnmbn Fs‚ t´ßƒ t]mepw th≠nh∂mÂŹ Dt]ÂŁn°pw
  • 23. 23 III. t_m[tm]m[nIƒ hnhn[ tXm°fpsS Nn{X߃, a{ÂĽnamÂż kXy{]Xn⁄ sNøp∂Xns‚ t^mt´m, kv°qƒ AkwÂŞn°v tXrXzw ÂŹIp∂ eoUdns‚ Nn{Xw, Ip´nIfpsS ss__nƒ, ss__nƒ Nn{XIY. IV. ]mTmhXcWw t_m[tm]m[nIfmb Nn{XßfpsS klmbtØmsS SØp∂ N¿ŽbneqsS ]mTw AhXcn∏n°mw s]mXp sXcs™Sp∏pIsf°pdnÂŽv Ip´nIƒ°dnbmw. Ah N¿Žmhnjbam°p∂p. Aßs Db¿∂phcp∂ tXm°fpsS t^mt´mIƒ ImWnÂŽv N¿Ž XpScp∂p, ¢m v eoUÂż, kvIqƒ eoUÂż sXcs™Sp∏pIfpw ]cmaÂżin°p∂p. sXcs™Sp∏pIfpsS {]m[myw, {]tXyIX F∂nh hniZam°p∂p. ssZhw sXcs™ SpØ hy‡nbmb A{_mlsØ°pdnÂŽv Hm¿Ωn∏n°p∂p. AXnp XpS¿Žbmbn ssZhw sXcs™SpØ PXsb AhXcn∏n°m≥ ]mTØnte°v {]thin°p∂p V. ]mT_‘nX {]h¿Ø߃ ap°p ]m∞n°mw C{kmtbÂŹ Acphn _tYÂŹ ssZhtØmSv a√Sn°p∂h≥ bmt_m°v ssZhØns‚ `hw Cklm°v ISn™qehImiw Gkmhv bmt°m_ns‚ ]nXmhv DØcw Is≠Ømw 1. t]Pv 23 JnI 3 2. Ap{Kln°s∏´h≥ 3. ssZhØns‚ `hw 4. C{kmtbÂŹ 5. t]Pv 26 JnI
  • 24. 24 VI. Ap_‘nX {]h¿Ø߃ IYbcßv ]mT`mKsØ kw`h߃ hnhcn°p∂ IYIƒ ¢m nÂŹ AhXcn∏n°m≥ Ahkcw ÂŹIp∂p. ss__nƒ Nn{XIYIƒ, Ip´nIfpsS ss__nƒ F∂nh ap≥Iq´n Ip´nIƒ°p ÂŹInbmÂŹ IYbcßv Ffp∏ØnÂŹ SØmw. ktÂľiw Is≠Ømw Hcp Ip´ntbm Hcp {Kqt∏m IYbcßpIfnÂŹ AhXcn∏n°p∂ IYbpsS ktÂľiw Is≠Øn ]dbm≥ a‰p Ip´nIƒt°m {Kq∏pIƒt°m Ahkcw ÂŹIp∂p. ktÂľiw sX‰nt∏mhpItbm Ahy‡amhpItbm sNbvXmÂŹ SoÂŽÂż CSs]´v icnbmb ktÂľiw ]Icm≥ {i≤n°Ww.
  • 25. 25 4 C{km-tbÂŹ PX CuPn-]vXnÂŹ I. BapJw hnizmknIfpsS ]nXmhmb A{_mlØns‚ Ncn{Xw hnhcn °p∂ ]mTamWnXv. ssZhw A{_mlsØ hnfn°p∂XpapXep≈ kw`h]cÂşcIƒ CXnÂŹ hnhcn°p∂p. hnizmkØns‚ {]m[myw {Kln°mpw hnizmkØnÂŹ DdÂŽp nÂŹt°≠Xns‚ BhiyIX a nem°mpw Cu ]mTw Ip´nIsf klmbn°Ww. hnizmk ØnÂŹ ASnbpdÂŽphfcm≥ Ip´nIƒ°v ]cnioew ÂŹIm≥ D]Icn°p∂ ]mTamWnXv II. Ip´nIƒ kzÂĽamt°≠Xv a) t_m[yw ssZhØnÂŹ hnizmkn°p∂hcpsS amXyIbmWv A{_mlw ssZhØns‚ hm°v hniznknÂŽv ApkcWw ]men ÂŽXnmemWv A{_mlw ApKrloXmbXv b) atm`mhw A{_mlsØ ApIcnÂŽv mw hnizmkØnÂŹ Dd∏p ttS≠hcmWv
  • 26. 26 GXp {]XnIqekmlNcyØnepw mw hnizmkØnÂŹ nes°mt≈≠hcmWv. c) ioew Rm≥ ssZhØnÂŹ hnizknÂŽpsIm≠v AhnSpsØ Iev]Iƒ Apkcn°pw. III. t_m[tm]m[nIƒ ]mT]pkvXIw, ss__nƒ IYIƒ Ip´nIƒ°v, Nm¿´vt]∏¿ IV. ]mTmhXcWw "kz]vw ]dbmw' F∂ {]h¿ØØneqsS ]mTmhXcWw n¿∆ln°mw. Ip´nItfmSv AhchÂż I≠n´p≈ Hmtcm kz]vw Hm¿ΩnÂŽp]dbm≥ Bhiys∏Sp∂p. AhbpsS A¿∞w ]dbm≥ Ahkcw ÂŹIp∂p. kz]vhniIeØns‚ {]m[myw SoÂŽÂż ]dbp∂p. {][mhy‡nIfpsS PohnXØnÂŹ D≠mbn´p≈ kp{]kn≤ kz]vßsf°pdnÂŽv hnhcn°p∂p. ^dthm cmPmhv I≠ kz]vsØ°pdnÂŽv kqNn∏nÂŽpsIm≠v ]mTØntebv°v {]thin°p∂p. V. ]mT_‘nX {]h¿Ø߃ ap°p {]h¿Øn°mw ]t{Xmkv, A{ÂĽtbmkv, bmt°m_v, tbml∂m≥, ]oent∏mkv, _¿Øtemantbm, tXmakv, aØmbn, bmt°m_v, XtZhqkv, inatbm≥, bqZmkv (aØm 10:2˛4) DØcw Is≠Ømw 1. t]Pv 30 AhkmJnI 2. t]Pv 31 JnI 3 3. t]Pv 32 JnI 1
  • 27. 27 4. t]Pv 32 JnI 3 5. t]Pv 32 JnI 4 VI. Ap_‘nX {]h¿Ø߃ kz]vw XmcXays∏SpØmw ^dthm I≠ c≠p kz]vßfpw ¢m nÂŹ hniZambn AhX cn∏n°p∂p. Ah XΩnep≈ kmZriyßfpw hyXymkßfpw Is≠Øm≥ Bhiys∏Sp∂p. Ah ]´nIbmbn t_mÂżUnÂŹ tcJs∏SpØp∂p. IYm]m{XsØ ASpØdnbmw tPmk^v F∂ ]gbnbaIYm]m{XsØ°pdnÂŽv IqSpXÂŹ hnhc߃ tiJcn°pI, tPmk^ns‚ kz`mhØnse {]tXyI XIƒ Is≠ØpI. Ah s]mXphmbn AhXcn∏n°pI. tPmk^ns‚ GsX√mw KpW߃ kzoIcn°msa∂v Xocpamn°pI. Nm¿´v Xømdm°mw ]{¥≠v A∏kvtXme∑mcpsS t]cpIƒ Nm¿´pt]∏dnÂŹ FgpXn ¢m nÂŹ {]ZÂżin∏n°pI.
  • 28. 28 5 hntam-N-I-mb tami I. BapJw C{kmtb°m¿°v CuPn]vXnÂŹ Ap`hnt°≠nh∂ ASnaØw, Ahsc AXnÂŹ n∂v tamNn∏n°m≥ tXrXzw ÂŹInb tamibpsS Ncn{Xw F∂nhbmWv Cu ]mTØnse D≈S°w. tamisb hnfn°pIbpw i‡ns∏SpØpIbpw hgnSØpIbpw sNøp∂ ssZhsØ°pdnÂŽv Cu ]mTØnÂŹ ]Tn°mw. ssZhw sΩbpw Cu hn[ØnÂŹ ]cn]men°p∂p F∂ ktÂľiw ssIamdm≥ D]Icn°p∂XmWv Cu ]mTw. II. Ip´nIƒ kzÂĽamt°≠Xv a. t_m≤yw ssZhw tamisb ZuXyw Gev]n°pIbpw i‡ns∏Sp ØpIbpw sNbvXp. B]ØpIƒ°pw Sphnepw ssZhw sΩ cÂŁn°m≥ XømdmWv. b. atm`mhw ssZhØns‚ ]≤XnIƒ S∏nem°m≥ ΩpsS klIcWw mw ÂŹIWw. IjvS∏mSpIfpsS a[yØnepw cÂŁbnte°pbn °p∂ ssZhtØmSv mw Âľnbp≈hcmbncn°Ww.
  • 29. 29 c. ioew amXm]nXm°ƒ Fs∂ Gev]n°p∂ NpaXeIƒ ndth‰m≥ Rm≥ ]cn{ian°pw. III. t_m[tm]m[nIƒ ss__nƒ IYIƒ Ip´nIƒ°v, t]∏¿…n∏pIƒ, Nm¿´p t]∏¿ IV. ]mTmhXcWw "kpJhpw ZpxJhpw' F∂ sNdnb {]h¿ØØneqsS ]mTw AhXcn∏n°mw. SoÂŽÂż IcpXnbn´p≈ t]∏¿…n∏pIfnÂŹ Xmsg∏dbp∂Xp t]mse hncp≤ kwKXnIfSßnb ]Z߃ FgpXpI. kpJw ˛ ZpxJw ]IÂŹ ˛ cm{Xn ktÂĽmjw ˛ kÂśSw Ccp´v ˛ shfnÂŽw Db¿Ž ˛ XmgvN ∑ ˛ Xn∑ ]ZßsfgpXnb t]∏¿ …n∏pIƒ Hmtcm∂v Ip´nIƒ°v hnXcWw sNøp∂p. In´nb ]Zw hmbnÂŽv tbmPn°p∂ ]Zap≈ Bsf Is≠Øn c≠pt]Âż hoXap≈ {Kq∏pIfmIp∂p. CXp t]mep≈ hncp≤kwKXnIƒ PohnXØns‚ `mKamsW∂v hniZam°p∂p. C{kmtbens‚ Ncn{XØnÂŹ Cu c≠p L´ßƒ hnhcn°p∂p. XpS¿∂v ]mTØnte°v {]thin°p∂p. V. ]mT_‘nX {]h¿Ø߃ ap°p {]h¿Øn°mw ]mT]pkvXIØnse `q]Sw henb Nm¿´nÂŹ hcÂŽv ¢m nÂŹ {]ZÂżin∏n°p∂Xp √XmWv.
  • 30. 30 DØcw Is≠Ømw 1. shůnÂŹ n∂v FSp°s∏´h≥ 2. tlmsd_v aebnÂŹhÂŽv 3. t]Pv 38 JnI. 2 4. Altdms 5. t]Pv 40 JnI 1 VI. Ap_‘nX {]h¿Ø߃ tdmƒtπ tamibpsS amXmhv iniphmb tamisb shůnÂŹ Dt] ÂŁn°p∂Xpw cmPIpamcn Is≠SpØv hf¿Øp∂Xpw tdmƒ tπbmbn AhXcn∏n°p∂Xv, B kw`hw Ip´nIfpsS a nÂŹ ]Xnbm≥ CSbm°pw. tamibpsS AΩ, klmbnbmb s]¨Ip´n, cmPIpamcn, c≠p tXmgnamÂż F∂o IYm]m{X߬ aXnbmIpw. henb thj hn[msam∂pw IqSmsX kz`mhnIambn A`nbn°m≥ nÂżtÂą inÂŽmÂŹ aXn. {]ivtmØcn ]pd∏mSv 1 apXÂŹ 6 hsc A[ymbßsf ASnĂżmam°n {]ivtmØcn SØmw. BZyZnhkw nÂżtÂąiw ÂŹIn AbÂŽn´v c≠mwZnhkw {]ivtmØcn SØnbmÂŹ aXn. sNdnb DØc߃ hcp∂ tNmZyßfmWv DNnXw. icnbpØcw ]dbp∂h¿°v t]mbn‚p ÂŹIn, HSphnÂŹ kΩm߃ ÂŹImw.
  • 31. 31 6 kzmX-{ÂĽy-Øn-tebv°v I. BapJw CuPn]vXnse ASnaØØnÂŹ n∂v C{kmtbÂŹ PXsb ssZhw tamNn∏n°p∂XmWv Cu ]mTØns‚ {]Xn]mZyw. ssZhw tcn´v CSs]SpIbpw C{kmtben‚ {]Xnk‘nIfnÂŹ klmb taIpIbpw sNøp∂p. t¢ißfpsS HSphnÂŹ Ah¿°v tamNw e`n°p∂p. ]m]Øns‚ _‘ØnÂŹn∂v ssZhw sΩbpw tamNn∏n°psa∂ ktÂľiwIqSn Cu ]mTw ÂŹIp∂p≠v. II. Ip´nIƒ kzÂĽamt°≠Xv a) t_m≤yw sΩ cÂŁn°m≥ ssZhw a‰p≈hcneqsS {]hÂż Øn°pw. Cutimsb ÂŹIns°m≠v ssZhw sΩ ]m]ØnÂŹ n∂v tamNn∏nÂŽp. b) atm`mhw ssZhØns‚ nÂżtÂąi߃ Apkcn°m≥ mw ISs∏´hcmWv. ΩpsS cÂŁImbn Cutimsb ÂŹInb ssZhsØ mw IqSpXembn kvtln°Ww.
  • 32. 32 c) ioew {]iv߃ D≠mIptÂşmƒ Ah ]cnlcn°m≥ Rm≥ ssZhØnÂŹ B{ibn°pw. II. t_m[tm]m[nIƒ HSphnesØ AØmgØns‚ henb Nn{Xw, Nm¿´pt]∏¿, ]Øp_m[Iƒ AhXcn∏n°p∂ Nn{X߃. IV. ]mTmhXcWw Hcp N¿ŽbneqsS ]mTw AhXcn∏n°mw. ho´nÂŹ hntijmhkcßfnÂŹ Blmcw Ign°p∂Xnepw {]tXyIXIƒ D≠t√m. F∂mÂŹ hÂżjwtXmdpw Hcp Znhkw {]m¿∞tbmsS, {]tXyI NSßpItfmsS ho´nse F√mhcpw tN¿∂v Blmcw Ign°p∂p≠v. GXmWv B Znhkw? SoÂŽÂż BhiysaÂśnÂŹ IqSpXÂŹ kqNIƒ °p∂p. Ip´nIƒ "s]kl' F∂ DØcw °p∂p. s]klmsb°pdnÂŽv hniZoIcn°p∂p. AXnÂŹ n∂v ]gbnbaØnse s]klmsb°pdnÂŽv ]dbp∂p. AXneqsS ]mTØnte°v {]thin°mw. V. ]mT_‘nX {]h¿Ø߃ ap°p {]h¿Øn°mw kw`hnÂŽ {IaØnÂŹ º¿ FgpXpI DØcw Is≠Ømw 1. t]Pv 42 JnI 2 2. t]Pv 43 JnI 2 3. t]Pv 44 JnI 2 4. BZyPmXcpsS acWw 1 2 3 4 7 6 9 5 10 8
  • 33. 33 5. IS∂pt]mIÂŹ 6. t]Pv 46 JnI 1 VI. Ap_‘nX {]h¿Ø߃ Nm¿´nsegpXmw ssZhw CuPn]vXnptaÂŹ AbÂŽ ]Øp_m[Iƒ Hcp Nm¿´n segpXn ¢m nÂŹ {]ZÂżin∏n°mw. hniZoIcnÂŽp ]dbmw ]Øp _m[Iƒ Hmtcm {Kq∏npambn hoXnÂŽp ÂŹIp∂p. AhÂż In´nb _m[Isf°pdnÂŽv IqSpXÂŹ Imcy߃ Is≠Øp∂p. Hmtcm _m[bpw Ab°ptÂşmƒ kw`hn°p∂ {]bmk߃ hnhcn°Ww. AXv Hmtcm {Kq∏pw ¢m nÂŹ s]mXphmbn AhXcn ∏n°Ww. SoÂŽdns‚ klmbw BhiysaÂśnÂŹ ÂŹIWw. _m[ IfpsS Xo{hXbpw Kuchhpw Ip´nIfpsS a nÂŹ ]Xnbm≥ CXp klmbn°pw.
  • 34. 34 7 acp-`q-an-bn-eqsS I. BapJw sNÂśSÂŹ IS∂v C{kmtbÂŹ Pw acp`qanbneqsS bm{X sNøp∂XmWv Cu ]mTØnÂŹ hnhcn°p∂Xv. ]e hnjak‘nIfpw Ah¿°v tcntS≠n hcp∂p≠v. F∂mÂŹ At∏msgms° ssZhw CSs]´v Ahsc klmbn°p∂p. ImS∏£nbpw a∂bpsams° DZmlcWßfmWv. ssZhw ΩpsS IqsS S°p∂hmWv F∂ Aht_m[w Ip´nIfnÂŹ Pn∏n°m≥ Cu ]mTw D]Icn°pw. II. Ip´nIƒ kzÂĽamt°≠Xv a) t_m≤yw C{kmtbens‚ hnjaL´ßfnÂŹ ssZhw klmbw ÂŹIn kz¿§cmPyw eÂŁyam°n bm{XsNøp∂ Xo¿∞mSIcmWv Ωƒ b) atm`mhw Ft∏mgpw sΩ hgnSØp∂ ssZhtØmSv mw Âľnbp≈hcmbncn°Ww ssZhtØmSp tN¿∂p S∂mÂŹ ap°v H∂nsbpw `bs∏tS≠nhcn√.
  • 35. 35 c) ioew ssZhw ImWnÂŽpXcp∂ hgnIfneqsS kŠcn°m≥ Rm≥ {ian°pw. III. t_m[tm]m[nIƒ Nm¿´pt]∏¿, ]eXcw bm{XIfpsS Nn{X߃, kÂşq¿Æ ss__nƒ, ss__nƒ IYIƒ IV. ]mTmhXcWw ¢m nep≈ Ip´nIsf Cuc≠p t]cpsS {Kq∏pIfmbn Xncn°pI. AhtcmSv ]ckv]cw X߃ SØnb Hcp bm{XbpsS hntijw ]Âśphbv°m≥ Bhiys∏SpI. tI´ hntijw ¢m nÂŹ s]mXphmbn ]dbm≥ Ahkcw ÂŹIpI. Ip´nIƒ D’mltØmsS bm{Xhntij߃ ]dbpw. AXpt]mse C{kmtbÂŹPw SØnb bm{XbpsS IYbmWv ]mT`mKØnep≈Xv. HØncn {]tXyIXIfp≈ bm{XbmWv. AXv hniZoIcnÂŽpsIm≠v ]mTØntebv°v {]thin°mw. V. ]mT_‘nX {]h¿Ø߃ ap°p {]h¿Øn°mw ]pd∏mSv 15:1˛2 `mKw Nm¿´nÂŹ hepXmbn FgpXn ¢m nÂŹ {]ZÂżin∏n°p∂Xv √XmWv. {]kvXpX`mKw ¢m nÂŹ {Kq∏mbn Dds° hmbn°m≥ Bhiys∏SpIbpamhmw. 15˛mw A[ymbØnse 1 apXÂŹ 21 hscbp≈ hmIy߃ SoÂŽÂż hmbnÂŽv tIĸn°p∂Xpw A`nImayamWv. DØcw Is≠Ømw 1. t]Pv 49 JnI 1 2. a∂mbpw ImS∏£nIfpw 3. CsXÂĽv? 4. t]Pv 52 JnI 1 5. t]Pv 53 JnI 1
  • 36. 36 VI. Ap_‘nX {]h¿Ø߃ bm{Xm hnhcWsagpXmw Ip´nIƒ SØnbn´p≈ GsXÂśnepsamcp bm{XbpsS hnhc WsagpXs´. hniZambn FgpXm≥ Bhiys∏SWw. SoÂŽÂż Ah ]cntim[n°Ww. saÂŽs∏´h ¢m nÂŹ s]mXphmbn hmbn°pIbpw t]mbn‚pw kΩmhpw ÂŹIpIbpw sNømw. CjvSs∏´ IY ]mT`mKsØ Bkv]Zam°nbp≈ ss__nƒ `mKw hmbn °m≥ Bhiys∏Sp∂p. AXnep≈ sNdnb IYIƒ {i≤n°mpw AhbnÂŹ CjvSs∏´h ¢m nÂŹ ]dbmpw Ahkcw ÂŹIp∂p. ss__nƒ IYIfpsS ]pkvXIw hmbn°m≥ sImSp°p∂Xv A`nImayamWv.
  • 37. 37 8 kombv DS-ÂşSn I. BapJw Imm≥tZitØbv°p≈ bm{Xbv°nSbnÂŹ kombv aebnÂŹ hÂŽv ssZhw C{kmtb°mcpambn DSÂşSn sNbvXXns‚ hnhcW amWv Cu ]mTØnep≈Xv. ]Øp{]amW߃ ssZhw ÂŹIp ∂Xpw CXnÂŹ hnhcnÂŽncn°p∂p. Cutim ÂŹInb kvtlØns‚ Iev], ]Øp{]amWßfpsS XpS¿ŽbmsW∂v {Kln°phm≥ Cu ]mTw klmbn°p∂p. II. Ip´nIƒ kzÂĽamt°≠Xv a) t_m≤yw ssZhw tamihgn ssZhPØnv Iev]Iƒ evIn. Cutim kvtlØns‚ ]pXnb Iev] ÂŹIn. b) atm`mhw ssZhPw ssZhIev]Iƒ Apkcn°m≥ ISs∏´hcmWv CutimbpsS kvtlØns‚ Iev] mw Ft∏mgpw ]men°m≥ D’mlnt°≠hcmWv. c) ioew ssZhIev]Iƒ ]menÂŽv Rm≥ ssZh]p{Xmbn/ ]p{Xnbmbn Pohn°pw.
  • 38. 38 III. t_m[tm]m[nIƒ ImÂżUpIƒ, Nm¿´pt]∏¿, kÂşq¿Æss__nƒ, ss__nƒ IYIƒ IV. ]mTmhXcWw nbaßsf°pdnÂŽp≈ Hcp N¿ŽbneqsS ]mTmhXcWw SØmw. ]e Ăżeßfnepw nba߃ D≠t√m. kv°qfnÂŹ nba߃ D≠v. ]≈nbnÂŹ Nne nba߃ Apkcn°Ww. s]mXpĂżeß fnepap≠v nba߃. Ah GsXms°bmWv? ]pIhen ]mSn√, Iyq ]men°pI, sNcn∏v ]pdØnSpI, ]cn kcw hrØnbmbn kqÂŁn°pI, kmh[mw S°pI F∂nßs bp≈ nÂżtÂąicq]Ønep≈ nba߃ Ip´nIƒ ]Âśphbv°pw. Ah SoÂŽÂż hniZoIcn°p∂p. CutemI PohnXØnÂŹ ssZhw ÂŹInb nbaßfmWv Iev]Iƒ F∂ Imcyw kqNn∏nÂŽpsIm≠v ]mTØn tebv°p IS°mw. V. ]mT_‘nX {]h¿Ø߃ ap°v {]h¿Øn°mw ]Øp{]amW߃ Ip´nIƒ CXnIw ax]mTam°nbXmWv. Ah 10 ImÂżUpIfnÂŹ FgpXmw. ImÂżUpIƒ 10 t]Âż ]nSn°s´. ¢m nÂŹ nc∂pn°s´. BÂżs°œnepw {]amW߃ n›b°p dhps≠¶nÂŹ Cu {]h¿ØØneqsS AXp ]cnlcn°mw. ]mT]pkvXIØnÂŹ n¿¹njvSĂżeØv Ip´nIƒ {]amW߃ FgpXs´. SoÂŽÂż Ah ]cntim[n°Ww. DØcw Is≠Ømw 1. t]Pv 56 JnI 2 2. kombv aebnÂŹ hÂŽv 3. t]Pv 57 JnI 6 4. t]Pv 59 JnI 5
  • 39. 39 VI. Ap_‘nX {]h¿Ø߃ IÂŹ]eIIfnse Iev]Iƒ IÂŹ]eIIfpsS BIrXnbnÂŹ sh´nsbSpØ c≠p ImÂżUp Ifnembn 10 Iev]Iƒ FgpXpI. hen∏ØnÂŹ Xømdm°nb Cu ImÂżUpIƒ ¢m nÂŹ Ăżm]n°pI. ¢m nse nba߃ ¢m nÂŹ nba߃ Bhiyant√? Ip´nIfpsamØv SoÂŽÂż C°mcyw N¿Ž sNøpI. GXmpw nba߃ Is≠Øn Ah FgpXn Xømdm°n ¢m nÂŹ Xq°nbnSpI. DZm: 1) ¢m nÂŹ hcp∂ apXn¿∂h¿°v kvXpXn sNm√pI. 2) lmPÂż hnfn°ptÂşmƒ Hcp ssZhhNw ]dbpI kvtlw kvtlw.... kvtlsØ°pdnÂŽp≈ IYIƒ, IhnXmiIe߃, D≤c WnIƒ F∂nh tiJcn°m≥ Bhiys∏SpI. Ah ¢m nÂŹ AhXcn∏n°m≥ Ahkcw ÂŹIpI.
  • 40. 40 9 DS-Âş-Sn-bpsS Pw I. BapJw DSÂşSnbpsS Pamb C{kmtbÂŹ Fßs Pohn°Wsa∂v ssZhw hniZam°p∂p. C{kmtb°mcpsS {]tXyIXIƒ Cu ]mTØnÂŹ A°an´p ]dbp∂p≠v. ssZhIev]Iƒ Apkcn°m≥ ISs∏´ncp∂ C{kmtb°msct∏mse k`ma°fmb Ωfpw ssZhØns‚bpw k`bpsSbpw Iev]Iƒ ApkcnÂŽv Pohn°m≥ ISabp≈hcmsW∂v Cu ]mTw Apkvacn∏n°p∂p. II. Ip´nIƒ kzÂĽamt°≠Xv a) t_m≤yw ssZhØns‚ kzÂĽw Pamb C{kmtbÂŹ DSÂşSn bpsS PamWv. Iev]Iƒ ApkcnÂŽmÂŹ PohnÂŹ nen¿°mw. b) atm`mhw ssZhØns‚ kzÂĽw Pambn sΩ am‰nb ssZh tØmSv mw Âľnbp≈hcmbncn°Ww. ssZhØns‚ nba߃ mw ktÂĽmjtØmsS kzoIcn°Ww.
  • 41. 41 c) ioew ssZhIev]Iƒ ]menÂŽv, ssZhØnv CjvSs∏´ Ip´nbmbn Rm≥ Pohn°pw. III. t_m[tm]m[nIƒ Nm¿´pt]∏¿, kÂşq¿Æss__nƒ, ss__nƒ Nn{XIY. IV. ]mTmhXcWw ]mT`mKsØ Hcp IY BIÂżjIambn AhXcn∏nÂŽpsIm≠p XpSßmw. C{kmtb°mÂż Altdms nÂż_‘nÂŽv Imf°p´nsb D≠m°p∂p. B hn{KlØnpapÂşnÂŹ rØw sNbvXpw ]m´p ]mSnbpw Bcm[ SØp∂p. HSphnÂŹ tami aebnÂŹ n∂ndßn hcptÂşmƒ Ahsc iImcn°p∂p. ssZhw C{XtaÂŹ kvtlnÂŽv, HØncn Ap{Kl߃ sImSp ØmWv C{kmtb°m¿°v. F∂n´pw AhÂż sNbvX ApkcW t°Sns FSpØpIm´p∂ hn[ØnÂŹ IY AhXcn∏n°Ww. hn{K lmcm[ AhÂż sNbvX G‰hpw henb ]m]ambn Nn{XoIcn°Ww. ]m]Øns‚ ImTnyw, inÂŁbpsS Bhiyw, ]cnlmcamÂżKw F∂nhsb√mw hniZoIcnÂŽpsIm≠v ]mTØntebv°v {]thin°mw. V. ]mT_‘nX {]h¿Ø߃ ap°p {]h¿Øn°mw 1 R 2 X 3 R 4 X 5 X 6 R
  • 42. 42 DØcw Is≠Ømw 1. hn{Klmcm[ 2. t]Pv 63 JnI 4 3. t]Pv 64 JnI 3 4. t]Pv 65 JnI 1 5. t]Pv 65 JnI 3 6. t]Pv 65 JnI 4 VI. Ap_‘nX {]h¿Ø߃ Nm¿´nsegpXmw Xncp `bpsS Iev]Iƒ henb Nm¿´pt]∏dnÂŹ FgpXn ¢m nÂŹ {]ZÂżin∏n°p∂p. Ah ax]mTam°n ]dbm≥ Ahkcw ÂŹIp∂p. N¿Ž sNømw C{kmtb°m¿°v ssZhw ÂŹInb Ap{Kl߃ Gh? C{ktb°mÂż ssZhtØmSp sNbvX ApkcWt°SpIƒ Gh? Ahbv°p ÂŹInb inÂŁIƒ Gh? Ahbv°p≈ ]cnlmcamÂżK ߃ Gh? C°mcyßsf°pdnÂŽv N¿Ž SØp∂p. ssZhhpw C{kmtbepw XΩnep≈ _‘Øns‚ Xo{hX hy‡amIØ° hn[w N¿Ž bn°Ww.
  • 43. 43 10 hmKvZØ `qan-bnÂŹ I. BapJw hÂżj߃ o≠pn∂ t¢iIcamb bm{XbpsS HSphnÂŹ C{kmtb°mÂż hmKvZØ`qanbnÂŹ {]thin°p∂XmWv Cu ]mTØns‚ D≈S°w. tamibpsS acWhpw tPzmjbpsS tXrXz hpw lrZbkv]Âżinbmbn CXnÂŹ AhXcn∏nÂŽn´p≠v. kzÂżKsØ eÂŁyam°n Cu temIØnÂŹ bm{X sNøp∂hcmWv Ωsf∂ t_m≤yw Ip´nIfnÂŹ hf¿ØnsbSp°m≥ Cu ]mTw D]Icn°pw. II. Ip´nIƒ kzÂĽamt°≠Xv a) t_m≤yw ssZhw C{ktb°msc hmKvZØ `qanbnÂŹ {]thin∏nÂŽp. Ωfpw kzÂżKamIp∂ hmKvZØ `qanbnÂŹ FØntÂŽ tc≠hcmWv. b) atm`hw XS ßsf√mw X´nam‰n C{kmtb°msc Imm≥ tZiØv FØnÂŽ ssZhsØ mw kvXpXn°Ww. ap°mbn kzÂżKcmPyw hmKvZmw sNbvX Cutim tbmSv mw Âľnbp≈hcmbncn°Ww.
  • 44. 44 c) ioew kzÂżKØnÂŹ FØntÂŽcWsa∂ eÂŁytØmsS Rm≥ Pohn°pw. III. t_m[tm]m[nIƒ kÂşq¿Æss__nƒ, t]∏¿ …n∏pIƒ, ss__nƒ IYIƒ IV. ]mTmhXcWw SoÂŽÂż Ap`h hnhcWØneqsS ¢m v XpSßp∂p. {]bmk tadnb Hcp Imcyw ssZhnIklmbØmÂŹ tSnb Ap`hw Ip´n Ifpambn ]Âśphbv°p∂p. hniZambn Ap`hw hnhcn°p∂XmWv √Xv. AXnptijw Ip´nItfmSv CØcw Ap`h߃ ]dbm≥ Bhiys∏Sp∂p. Ip´nIfpsS nehmcØnpkcnÂŽv AhÂż ]d™mÂŹ aXn, Ah hniZoIcn°m≥ SoÂŽÂż {i≤n°Ww. AtX ØpS¿∂v ]mTØnte°v {]thin°mw. V. ]mT_‘nX {]h¿Ø߃ ap°p {]h¿Øn°mw `q]SØnÂŹ tN¿Øncn°p∂ Ăże߃ Is≠Øphm≥ Ip´nIsf SoÂŽÂż klmbn°Ww. C{kmtbÂŹ PØns‚ Ncn{X ]cX {Kln°phm≥ CXp klmbn°pw. DØcw Is≠Ømw. 1. t]Pv 69 JnI 1 2. tPzmjzsb 3. t]Pv 70 Ahkm JnI 4. t]Pv 71 JnI 5 VI. Ap_‘nX {]h¿Ø߃ G‰hpw henb B{Klw Ip´nIƒ°v Hmtcm t]∏¿ …n∏v ÂŹIp∂p. AhtcmSv G‰hpw henb B{Klw FÂĽmsW∂v AXnÂŹ FgpXns°mSp°m≥
  • 45. 45 Bhiys∏Sp∂p. SoÂŽÂż Ah tiJcnÂŽv hmbnÂŽptm°p∂p. ¢m nÂŹ AhXcn∏n°p∂p. "kz¿§ØnÂŹ FØntÂŽcpI' F∂ B{Klw Dt≠msb∂v ]cntim[nÂŽv, AXns hniZoIcn°pI, hnip≤cpsS PohnXØnÂŹ n∂v CØcw B{Klw Is≠Øn AhXcn∏n°pI. Is≠ØnsbgpXmw tXpw ]mepw HgpIp∂ tZiw ˛ Imm≥ tZiw ssZhØns‚ kzÂĽw mSv ˛ tIcfw Ch XΩnep≈ hyXymkw N¿ŽsNøpI. CXpt]mse hntijW߃ D≈ mSpIfpsS t]cpIƒ Is≠Øn FgpXm≥ Bhiys∏Sp∂p.
  • 46. 46 11 C{km-tb-ens‚ Xncp-m-fp-Iƒ I. BapJw C{kmtb°mÂż BtemjnÂŽpt]m∂ XncpmfpIƒ, k`bnep≈ XncpmfpIƒ, Hmtcm Xncpmfns‚bpw {]tXyIXIƒ F∂nhsb√mw hnhcn°p∂ ]mTamWnXv. XncpmfpIfpsS A¿∞hpw ktÂľihpw {Kln°p∂Xnv CXv D]Icn°pw. A¿∞ adn™v BNcn°ptÂşmgmWv XncpmfpIƒ ΩpsS PohnXØnv D]Icn°p∂sX∂ kXyw Ip´nIƒ°p ]I¿∂psImSp°pIbpw B hn[ØnÂŹ XncpmfpIfnÂŹ ]sÂśSp°m≥ Ip´nIsf ]cnioen∏n °pIbpw sNøWw II. Ip´nIƒ kzÂĽamt°≠Xv a) t_m≤yw ]gbnbaImeØpw ]pXnbnba ImeØpw XncpmfpIƒ BNcn°p∂p≠v. Xncpmfns‚ A¿∞w Adn™v BNcn°ptÂşmƒ AXv Bflobhf¿Žbv°v D]Icn°pw. b) atm`mhw Xncpmƒ BNcn°p∂XneqsS mw ssZhtØmSp≈ Âľn {]ISn∏n°Ww Hmtcm Xncpmfns‚bpw A¿∞w Adnbm≥ mw ]cn{ian°Ww
  • 47. 47 c) ioew XncpmfpIfnÂŹ Rm≥ `‡ntbmsS kw_‘n°pw. III. t_m[tm]m[nIƒ Xncpmƒ tm´okpIƒ, hnip≤cpsS Nn{X߃, kÂşq¿Æ ss__nƒ IV. ]mTmhXcWw CShI∏≈nbnse Xncpmfns°pdnÂŽv Hcp eLpN¿Ž SØmw. Xncpmƒ CjvSat√? FÂĽpsIm≠v? Xncpmfns‚ {][m C߃ Fs¥√msa∂v hnhcn°m≥ Ahkcw °Ww. Xncp°¿ Ω߃ (]m´p Ip¿∍m, eZo™v, hmgvhv, {]kwKw) {]ZÂŁnWw, shSns°´v, Iem]cn]mSnIƒ, Ifn∏m´°ŽhS°mÂż, sFkv{Iow, _eq¨, _‘p°ƒ, hn`hkar≤amb `ÂŁWw, D√mkZnw Aßs F{Xsb{X Imcy߃. CXnÂŹ G‰hpw CjvSs∏´Xv GsX∂pw AXns‚ ImcWhpw ]dbm≥ Bhiys∏SWw. SoÂŽÂż kzÂĽw ImgvN∏mSpw AhXcn∏n°p∂Xv √XmWv. XpS¿∂v ]mTØntebv°v {]thin°mw. V. ]mT_‘nX {]h¿Ø߃ ap°p {]h¿Øn°mw tNtc≠ hn[w tN¿°m≥ Ip´nIƒ°v Ahkcw ÂŹIWw 1. 7 2. 5 3. 6 4. 1 5. 2 6. 4 7. 3
  • 48. 48 DØcw Is≠Ømw 1. t]Pv 75 JnI 3 2. AÂşXmw Znhkw 3. t]Pv 76 Ahkm JnI 4. t]Pv 77 Ahkm JnI 5. t]Pv 78 JnI 2 6. t]Pv 78 JnI 3 VI. Ap_‘nX {]h¿Ø߃ F{X t]cdnbmw? Ip´nIƒ°v F{X XncpmfpIfpsS t]cdnbmw? HmtcmcpØcpw FgpXs´. "Ãm¿´v' ]d™mÂŹ FgpXnØpSßmw. GXmpw ann´p Iƒ°ptijw "tÃm∏v' ]dbptÂşmƒ FgpØp n¿ØWw. icnbp Øc߃ IqSpXÂŹ FgpXnb Ip´n°v t]mbn‚pw kΩmhpw ÂŹImw. Ip´nIsfgpXnb XncpmfpIsf°pdnÂŽv hniZoIcWw ÂŹIm≥ SoÂŽÂż {i≤n°Ww. tiJcn°mw Xncpmfns‚ tm´okv tiJcn°m≥ Bhiys∏Smw. sshhn [yam¿∂ tm´okpIƒ ¢m nseØpw. Ah hmbn°mpw ImWmpw Ahkcw ÂŹImw. F√m tm´oknepw s]mXphmbp≈ LSIw Xncp°¿ΩßfmsW∂v hy‡am°Ww.
  • 49. 49 12 C{k-tbens‚ {]m¿∞--Ifpw _en-Ifpw I. BapJw {]m¿∞, Bcm[, _enIƒ, ssZhmebw, km_Øv XpS ßnbhsb kw_‘nÂŽ ImcyßfmWv Cu ]mTØns‚ D≈S°w. C{kmtb°mÂż Hmtcm∂npw ÂŹInbncp∂ A¿∞sas¥∂pw CXnÂŹ hnhcn°p∂p. k`bnse BNcWßsf°pdnÂŽpw Cu ]mTw ]cmaÂżin°p∂p. k`mPohnXØnÂŹ kPohambn ]ÂśptNcmp≈ ÂŁWhpw ]cnioehpamWv Cu ]mTØneqsS Ip´nIƒ°v e`nt°≠Xv. I. Ip´nIƒ kzÂĽamt°≠Xv a) t_m≤yw C{kmtbÂŹ Pw ssZhip{iqjbv°mbn inbmgvN km_Ømbn BNcnÂŽp. k`bnÂŹ RmbdmgvN km_Ømbn BNcn°p∂p. b) atm`mhw _enhkvXp°tfmsSm∏w ΩpsS lrZbßsfbpw mw ssZhØnp ka¿∏n°Ww. Cutim hkn°p∂ ssZhmebØnÂŹ `b`‡ntbmsS s]cpamdWw.
  • 50. 50 c) ioew RmbdmgvN Znw ]cnip≤ambn BNcn°m≥ Rm≥ {i≤n°pw. III. t_m[tm]m[nIƒ kÂşq¿Æ ss__nƒ, hnhn[ ssZhmebßfpsS Nn{X߃, {]m¿∞n°p∂ hy‡nIfpsS Nn{X߃, Nm¿´pt]∏¿. IV. ]mTmhXcWw BgvNbnÂŹ G‰hpw CjvSs∏´ Znhkw GXmWv? FÂĽmW Xnv ImcWw? RmbdmgvN F∂ DØcØntebv°v hcØ°hn[w SoÂŽÂż N¿Ž bn°Ww. RmbdmgvNbpsS {]tXyIXIƒ {Kq∏p Xncn™v Is≠Øn FgpXm≥ Bhiys∏SWw. Hcp s]mXp Ah[n Znhkw F∂Xn∏pdw RmbdmgvNbv°p≈ {]m[myw AhXcn∏n °m≥ SoÂŽÂż {i≤n°Ww. AXneqsS km_Øv F∂ Bibw AhXcn∏n°mw XpS¿∂v ]mTØntebv°v hcmw. V. ]mT_‘nX {]h¿Ø߃ ap°p {]h¿Øn°mw Is≠Øn FgpXmp≈ kÂśo¿Ø`mKw F√m Ip´nIfpw _p°nÂŹ FgpXs´. IqSmsX ¢m nÂŹ s]mXphmbn Nm¿´pt]∏dnÂŹ CsXgpXp∂Xv √XmWv. kÂśo¿Ø`mKw ¢m nÂŹ Dds° hmbn°mpw Ahkcw ÂŹIWw. DØcw Is≠Ømw 1. t]Pv 82 JnI 3 2. t]Pv 82 JnI 4 3. t]Pv 83 JnI 3 4. t]Pv 83 JnI 4 5. t]Pv 84 AhkmJnI
  • 51. 51 VI. Ap_‘nX {]h¿Ø߃ Is≠Øn FgpXmw CShIssZhmebsØ°pdnÂŽv ]camh[n Imcy߃ Is≠Øn FgpXm≥ Ip´nItfmSv Bhiys∏SWw. CShIbpsS Ăżm]nXhÂżjw, CShIa[yÿ≥, {][m XncpmfpIƒ, IpSpw_ ßfpsS FÆw F∂nßs Adntb≠ Imcy߃ Ghsb∂v IrXy ambn nÂżtÂąin°p∂Xv √XmWv. CShI_p≈‰n≥, kphoÂż XpS ßnb klmbI{KŸßƒ ÂŹIp∂Xpw A`nImayw ap°p sNøm≥ RmbdmgvN Znhkw Ip´nIƒ°p sNøm≥ ]‰nb ImcyßfpsS enÃv Hmtcm {Kq∏ntmSpw Xømdm°m≥ Bhiys∏SpI. Ah ¢m nÂŹ s]mXphmbn hmbnÂŽv, N¿ŽsNbvXv Nne Imcy߃ Xocp amn°pI. Ah S∏nem°m≥ nÂżtÂąin°pI. Ah {]mtbmKnI am°p∂pt≠msb∂v CSbv°v Atzjn°pI. Ip´nIƒ°v sNøm≥ Ffp∏ap≈ ImcyßfmIWw Cßs ÂŹtI≠Xv.
  • 52. 52 13 C{km-tb-ense tXm-°-∑mÂż I. BapJw C{kmtbÂŹ PsØ `cn°mpw bn°mpambn ssZhw ÂŹInb tXm°∑msc°pdnÂŽp≈XmWv Cu ]mTw. cmPm°∑mcpw ]ptcmlnX∑mcpw C°q´ØnÂŹs∏Sp∂p. C{kmtbÂŹ PXbpsS PohnXØnÂŹ Cu tXm°∑m¿°v D≠mbncp∂ {]m[myhpw {]mamWyhpw Cu ]mTw hy‡am°p∂p. k`bnÂŹ C∂p≈ tXrXzsØ°pdnÂŽpw hniZam°p∂p II. Ip´nIƒ kzÂĽamt°≠Xv a) t_m≤yw C{kmtbÂŹ PsØ bn°m≥ ssZhw tXm°∑msc ÂŹIn k`bnepw ssZhw tXm°∑msc ntbmKnÂŽn´p≠v. b) atm`mhw ssZhw ntbmKnÂŽ tXm°∑msc Apkcn°m≥ mw ISs∏´hcmWv msa√mhcpw k`bpsSbpw kaqlØns‚bpw hfÂż ÂŽbnÂŹ klIcnt°≠hcmWv. c) ioew kzÂĽw ISaIƒ Rm≥ IrXyambn n¿∆ln°pw
  • 53. 53 III. t_m[tm]m[nIƒ kÂşq¿Æss__nƒ, hnhn[ cmPm°∑mcpsS Nn{X߃, apƒsÂŽSnbpsS Nn{Xw IV. ]mTmhXcWw Hcp IYbneqsS ]mTmhXcWw SØmw. Hcn° hr£ßƒ Hcp cmPmhns sXcs™Sp°m≥ XocpamnÂŽp. AhÂż AØnacsØ sXcs™SpØp. F∂mÂŹ AØnacw Xm≥ tbmKysöp ]d™v Hgn™pamdn. At∏mƒ HenhpacsØ sXcs™SpØp. Henhpachpw Hgn™pamdpIbmWv sNbvXXv. ka¿∞cpw √hcpamb ]e hr£ßfpw Cßs cmPm hmImsX amdnn∂p. HSphnÂŹ apƒacw cmPmhmbn sXcs™ Sp°s∏´p. apƒacw `cWw XpSßn. F√m hr£ßsfbpw apƒacw sRcp°n°f™p. Cu IY hfsc hniZambn AhXcn∏n°Ww. DNnXamb hyXymk߃ hcpØmw. apƒacØnp]Icw ]S¿∂pIbdp∂ apƒ sÂŽSntbm CØnƒ°Æntbm BImw. IYbpsS kmcmwiw hy‡ am°nbn´v ]mTØntebv°v {]thin°mw. V. ]mT_‘nX {]h¿Ø߃ ap°p {]h¿Øn°mw tNcpw]Sn tN¿°m≥ Ip´nIƒ°v Ahkcw ÂŹIWw. ZmhoZv BZysØ cmPmhv tkmfa≥ Ahkm ymbm[n]≥ kmhqƒ ]ptcmlnX≥ kmaphÂŹ ⁄mnbmb cmPmhv Altdm≥ i‡mb cmPmhv DØcw Is≠Ømw 1. t]Pv 87 JnI 2 2. t]Pv 88 AhkmJnI
  • 54. 54 3. t]Pv 90 JnI 4 4. amÂż]m∏ 5. t]Pv 90 JnI 2 VI. Ap_‘nX {]h¿Ø߃ KpWßsfgpXmw Hcp √ tXmhnv D≠mbncnt°≠ KpW߃ Ghsb∂v Hmtcm {Kq∏pw N¿Ž sNbvXv FgpXnbhXcn∏n°m≥ Ahkcw ÂŹImw. Rm≥ tXmhmbmÂŹ Rm≥ tXmhmbmÂŹ FÂĽp sNøpw F∂v hniZambn FgpXm≥ F√mh¿°pw Ahkcw ÂŹIpI. anIÂŽh sXcs™SpØv ¢m nÂŹ AhXcn∏n°pI.
  • 55. 55 14 C{k-tbense {]hm-N-I-∑mÂż I. BapJw ssZhØnpth≠n kwkmcn°p∂ {]hmNI∑mÂż C{km tbenÂŹ D≠mbncp∂p. Ahsc°pdnÂŽpw AhcpsS ZuXyßsf °pdnÂŽpw hnhcn°p∂ ]mTamWnXv. C{kmtbÂŹ PXsb tcns‚ hgntb bn°m≥ {]hmNI∑mÂż hlnÂŽ henb ]Âśns°pdnÂŽv Cu ]mTw hnhcn°p∂p≠v. k`bnÂŹ D≈ {]t_m[Isc°pdnÂŽpw Cu ]mTw AdnhpÂŹIp∂p. ssZhnIktÂľiw AhkcnÂŽp Pohn t°≠hcmWv Xßsf∂ Aht_m[w Ip´nIfnÂŹ hf¿Øphm≥ D]Icn°p∂XmWo ]mTw. I. Ip´nIƒ kzÂĽamt°≠Xv. a) t_m≤yw ssZhØnpth≠n kwkmcn°p∂hcmWv {]hmNI ∑mÂż. k`sb ]Tn∏n°p∂hcmWv k`m{]t_m[IÂż. b) atm`mhw {]hmNI∑msc ÂŹInb ssZhØnp mw ÂľnbÂż ∏nt°≠XmWv. k`m{]t_m[Isc°pdnÂŽv IqSpXÂŹ Imcy߃ mw {Klnt°≠XmWv..
  • 56. 56 c) ioew k`m{]t_m[߃ Rm≥ Apkcn°pw. III. t_m[tm]m[nIƒ k`m{]t_m[IcpsS Nn{X߃, ]eXcw {]hrØnIƒ sNøp∂ Ip´nIfpsS Nn{X߃, kÂşq¿Æ ss__nƒ, Nm¿´p t]∏¿. IV. ]mTmhXcWw Nn{XhmbbneqsS ]mTw AhXcn∏n°mw hnf°nse mfØnÂŹ sXmSm≥ {ian°p∂ Hcp Ip´n, Bg ap≈ InW‰nte°v FØn tm°p∂ Ip´n, ]pkvXIw apÂşnÂŹ Xpd∂phÂŽv Ddßp∂ Ip´n˛ XpSßnb Nn{X߃ SoÂŽÂż sIm≠p hcp∂p. Hmtcm∂mbn Ip´nIsf ImWn°p∂p. CØcw k¾¿` ØnÂŹ Ip´ntbmSv amXm]nXm°tfm a‰p apXn¿∂htcm F∂mbn cn°pw ]dbp∂Xv? DulnÂŽp]dbm≥ Ip´nIƒ°v Ahkcw ÂŹ IWw. Ip´nIsf tÂżhgn°pbn°m≥ th≠nbmWv Cßs ]dbp∂sX∂v SoÂŽÂż hniZoIcn°Ww. C{]Imcw C{kmtb°msc bnÂŽ {]hmNIsc°pdnÂŽv ]d™v ]mTØntebv°v IS°mw. V. ]mT_‘nX {]h¿Ø߃ ap°p {]h¿Øn°mw {]hmNI∑mcpsS t]cpIƒ FgpXm≥ Ip´nIsf klm bn°mw. Ah hensb Nm¿´v t]∏dnÂŹ FgpXn ¢m nÂŹ Ăżm]n°mw. Ip´nIsf {Kq∏pXncn°ptÂşmƒ {]hmNI∑mcpsS t]cpIƒ {Kq∏pIƒ°p ÂŹImw. DØcw Is≠Ømw 1. t]Pv 93 JnI 1 2. t]Pv 93 JnI 2 3. t]Pv 96 JnI 2
  • 57. 57 4. t]Pv 96 JnI 3 5. t]Pv 96 JnI 4 VI. Ap_‘nX {]h¿Ø߃ hNsagpXmw Hmtcm {]hmNIpw ]d™n´p≈XnÂŹ n∂v Hmtcm Ip´n°pw G‰hpw CjvSs∏´ hNw FgpXm≥ Ahkcw ÂŹIpI. Chsc XncnÂŽdnbmw hnhn[ k`m{]t_m[IcpsS Nn{X߃ Ip´nIsf ImWn°pI. Ah XncnÂŽdn™v t]Âż FgpXnhbv°m≥ Bhiys∏Smw. {Kq∏pXe Øntem hy‡n]camtbm Cu {]h¿Øw ÂŹImw. Ip´nIƒ XncnÂŽdn bmØhsc SoÂŽÂż ]cnNbs∏SpØWw.
  • 58. 58 15 anin-lm-sb-°p-dn-ÂŽp≈ hmKvZm--ßfpw {]h-N--ßfpw I. BapJw ssZh]p{Xpw temIcÂŁIpamb aninlmsb°pdnÂŽv D≠m bn´p≈ hmKvZmßfpw {]hmNI hNßfpamWv Cu ]mTØns‚ D≈S°w. CutimbpsS {]m[myw temIØnepw Ncn{XØnepw F{Xam{Xaps≠∂v Cu ]mTw hy‡am°p∂p. ]gbnbaØns‚ XpS¿Žbmbn ]pXnbnbaw DSseSp°p∂Xv CutimbneqsSbmWv. Cu ]›mØeØnÂŹ Cu Ahkm]mTØnv {]tXyI {]k‡n bp≠v. {]hNßfpsS ]q¿ØoIcWamb Cutimsb°pdnÂŽv IqSpXednbm≥ Xmev]cyw Pn∏n°pIsb∂Xpw Cu ]mTØns‚ eÂŁyamWv. II. Ip´nIƒ kzÂĽamt°≠Xv a) t_m≤yw Cutimsb cÂŁImbn temIØnp ÂŹIpsa∂ {]hN߃ D≠mbn. {]hNßfpsS ]q¿ØoIcWamWv Cutim. b) atm`mhw ap°mbn cÂŁIs ÂŹInb ssZhsØ mw kvXpXn°Ww..
  • 59. 59 temIcÂŁImb Cutimsb°pdnÂŽv mw a‰p≈ htcmSv ]dbm≥ ISs∏´hcmWv. c) ioew Cutimsb Rm≥ Fs‚ Iq´p-Im¿°v ]cnNbs∏ SpØpw. III. t_m[tm]m[nIƒ kÂşq¿Æss__nƒ, CutimbpsS ]eXcw Nn{X߃, alm∑mcpsSbpw hnip≤cpsSbpw Nn{X߃. IV. ]mTmhXcWw GXmpw alm∑mcpsSbpw hnip≤cpsSbpw CutimbpsSbpw Nn{X߃ Ip´nIsf ImWn°p∂p. AhcpsS t]cpIƒ ]dbm≥ Ahkcw ÂŹIp∂p. CXnÂŹ G‰hpw {][ms∏´ hy‡n Bsc∂v tNmZn°p∂p. Cutimsb∂v DØcw In´n°gnbptÂşmƒ AXns‚ ImcWw Xnc°p∂p. Ip´nIƒ ]d™Xns hniZoIcnÂŽpsIm≠v SoÂŽÂż ]mTØntebv°v {]thin°p∂p. V. ]mT_‘nX {]h¿Ø߃ ap°p {]h¿Øn°mw {InkvXpakv ImÂżUv n¿Ωn°m≥ Ahkcw ÂŹImw. AXnv Ahsc klmbn°Ww. Cutimbp≈ Nn{Xw thWw. √ BiwkmhmIyßfpw D≠mhWw. dp°n´v Iq´pImsc Is≠Øn, Xømdm°nb ImÂżUv ]ckv]cw ssIamdpIbpw sNømw. DØcw Is≠Ømw 1. A`njn‡≥ 2. CΩmpthÂŹ {]hNw 3. CutimbpsS PtØmsS 4. t]Pv 101 JnI 4 5. t]Pv 102 JnI 2
  • 60. 60 VI. Ap_‘nX {]h¿Ø߃ Nn{Xw tiJcn°mw CutimbpsS ]eXcw Nn{Xßfp≠v. ]p°q´nse DÆotim, _memb Cutim, bphmhmb Cutim, Ip´nIfpsS H∏ancn°p∂ Cutim, IgpX∏pdØncn°p∂ Cutim, {]kwKn°p∂ Cutim, B´n≥Ip´nsb tXmfnÂŹ hln°p∂ Cutim, hmXnenÂŹ ap´p∂ Cutim, IpcnipNpa°p∂ Cutim, IpcninÂŹ InS°p∂ Cutim, DbnÂżsØgpt∂‰ Cutim, {InkvXpcmP≥ XpSßnb F{Xtbm Nn{Xßfp≠v. Ip´nIƒ Ah¿°v In´p∂nStØmfpw Nn{X߃ sIm ≠p hcs´. AhbpsS Hcp {]ZÂżiw ¢m nÂŹ S-Ømw. AXp ImWm≥ a‰p ¢m nse Ip´n-I-sfbpw A[ym--]-I-scbpw ÂŁWn°pIbpw sNømw. hNsagpXmw Hmtcm Ip´nbpw Ahch¿°v CjvSs∏´, Cutim ]d™ aq∂p hN߃ hoXw FgpXs´. Ah ¢m nÂŹ s]mXphmbn hmbnÂŽv AhXcn∏n°m≥ Ahkcw ÂŹIWw. B hN߃ atmlcambn FgpXn ¢m v AeÂścn°mw.