This document discusses theories of deviance and social control. It begins by defining deviance as behavior that violates group or societal norms and expectations. It then discusses types of deviance, including formal (illegal acts) and informal (non-conforming behaviors). The document also defines social control as techniques used to prevent deviant behavior. It outlines levels of social control including conformity, obedience, and techniques such as sanctions. The remainder summarizes several theories of deviance, including biological perspectives, structural functionalism, strain theory, and labeling theory. In closing, it notes deviance strengthens social bonds by defining moral boundaries in society.

1. CASTE SYSTEM
CASTE SYSTEM
CASTE SYSTEM

2. "O Mankind! Most certainly, it is
We( God almighty) who have
created you all from a single
(pair) of a male and a female,
and it is We who have made you
into nations and tribes, that ye
may recognize each other (not
that ye may despise each
other).Verily, the noblest of you in
the sight of Allah is (he who is)
the most righteous of you."(Holy
Quran 49:13)

3. CASTE SYSTEM
Castes are hereditary systems of, endogamy,
social culture, social class, and political power.
Discrimination based on caste is prevalent mainly in
parts of Asia.
In a caste society, the assignment of individuals to
places in the social hierarchy is determined by social
group and cultural heritage.

4. The caste system in Pakistan:
• Will Durant discussed this in the first volume
of "The Story of Civilization."
• Aryans defined a caste system based on “verma”
or color.
• In Pakistan the caste system is based on "jati,"
or birth. Castes are based on the profession in
the community.
• "The man who is good by birth becomes low by
low association, but who is low by birth can't
become high by high association" is the
principle described in Manu, a Hindu scripture.

5. Castes are based on the profession in the
community
Castes are based on the profession in
the community:
Zamindar or Landowner
Lohar-thrukkhan or blacksmith-carpenter
Poly or weaver;mochi or
cobbler;merassi-naie, or
entertainer-barber
Chammar, chura and bhangi, or
janitor

6. • In Pakistan the society is rigidly divided
into subgroups where each Quom is
assigned a profession.
• The quoms who deal with human
emissions are ranked the lowest.
• Castes are defined by birth even if you
change your profession from cobbler to
surgeon.

7. There are two main types of castes in
Pakistan:
High Castes
Small castes
CASTES IN PAKISTAN

8. HIGH CASTES
 Jat:
Landowners
 Rajput:
Princes, but landowners in great majority
 Arian:
Descendents of army
 Shaikhs:
Tradesmen

9.  Sayed:
Downward of the family of Mohammad
Prophet
 Kashmiri:
Make various trades as tradesmen,
butchers…..
 Kakayzai:
Tradesmen
 Qazi:
Afghan soldiers (Qureshi)
 Pathan:
Descendants of pathans
 Gujar:
Herdsmen

10. • Tarhan
• Qamyar
• Lowar
• Kassai
• Mirassi
• Mautchi
• Tobi
• Darzi
SMALL CASTES

11. • Jalaye
• Lahari
• Mashqi
• Teli
• Balwalai
• Nai
• Fakir

12. Racism
RACISM

13. Racism
•Racism is the belief that race
is the primary determinant of
human traits and capacities and
that racial differences produce
an inherent superiority of a
particular race.

14. Racism/nationalism/tribalism: what
have thy done in the past:
The destruction of the Ottoman Khilafa because of
Arab and Turkish nationalism-1924
Formation of Pakistan in 1947
India attacks and still controls
Kashmir since 1947
Israel's Zionism expelled Palestinians
from their land (1948).

15. Bangladesh (formerly East Pakistan)-1971
Iran-Iraq war of the 1980's was a nationalistic war
which killed 1 million people
1992-1995-the genocide of Bosnians at the hands of
Serb nationalism resulted in 200, 000 killed 2 million
refugees.
1997-1999- expulsion of approximately one million
Albanian Kosovars from Kosova

16. Chechnya is suffering right now through the
fifth genocide by Russians in last one hundred
years along with the Tatars
Over a million Iraqis have been killed as a result
of the 1991 Gulf war and the continuing US
sanctions against Iraq reaching the genocidal
proportions

17. Racism in
Pakistan

18. Racism in a multitude
of forms pervades the
very fabric of Pakistani
society.
Our thoughts and
speech are over loaded
with the belief and role of
race, gender, religion and
ethnicity

19. Discrimination against religion
The attitude of my fellow
trainees and officers was
very good towards me.
Nobody ever forced me to
do anything against my
religious beliefs, I never had
any problems wearing my
kara (bangle), or
keeping my kirpan (dagger)
with me.”

20. Decided to call it quits citing
‘discrimination in his department’
His religion was made fun
of by his colleagues and
his seniors never looked
in to the matter.

21. •“choora” --- part
religious, part ethnic,
part class-base

22. Racism of ethnicity
 Punjabi
 Sindhi
 Mohajir
 Pathan

23. Racism against other races
 Goray (Europeans and
Americans)
 Kalay (Africans)
 Chaptay(Chinese)

24. •“Beta, stop wolfing your food
down like a bhooka Bengali” from
an irritated mother?

25. Groups and organizations

46. DEVIANCE AND SOCIAL
CONTROL

47. DEVIANCE
A behavior
that violates
the standards
of conduct or
expectations
of a group or
society.
Involves the
violation of
group norms,
which may or
may not be
formalized
into law.
DEVIANCE

48. DEVIANCE
To sociologists, deviance is relative. “It is not the
act itself that is deviant; rather it is people’s
interpretation of it or judgment about it that
makes it deviant”. Behavior that is considered
inappropriate (deviant) in one situation may be
considered appropriate (non-deviant) in another
situation.

49. TYPES OF DEVIANCE
FORMAL
DEVIANCE
INFORMAL
DEVIANCE

50. INFORMAL DEVIANCE
Refers to the fact
that an individual
(or group of
individuals) may
be slightly
nonconformist to
the general trend
of society. It does
not constitute an
illegal act.
Informal deviants are
people / groups of
people therefore
whose behavior might
raise an eyebrow but
will not encourage a
person to call the
police. Informal
deviants are people
who are simply
“different” for some
reason or another.

51. FORMAL DEVIANCE
Describes an act committed
by a person or group of
persons that contravenes
(goes against) the
established laws of society.

52. SOCIAL CONTROL
Social control exists to prevent negative
deviance (that is deviance which can be
damaging to others).
Refers to the techniques and
strategies for preventing deviant
human behavior in any society.
It occurs in all levels of society.

53. LEVELS OF SOCIAL CONTROL
1.
CONFIRMITY:
Means going along
with peers individuals
of our own status,
who have no special
right to direct our
behavior.

54. •Compliance
with higher
authorities in
a hierarchical
structure
2.
OBEDIENCE

55. TYPES OF SOCIAL CONTROL
1. Formal
2. Informal
3. Inner
4. Outer

56. 1. FORMAL SOCIAL CONTROL
A social
control that is
carried out by
authorized
agents such
as
Polic
e
Arm
y
Rangers,
Intelligenc
e forces
etc.
According to
Emile
Durkheim
(1858-1917)
this type of
social control
is usually
practicing in
Organic
solidarity
(Urban
society).

57. 2. INFORMAL SOCIAL
CONTROL
A social control
that is carried
out casually by
ordinary
people.
According to
Emile
Durkheim
(1858-1917)
informal social
control is
practice in the
Mechanical
settings of
society.
The Family,
Peer group
and other
members of
society
appreciate
the
Conformists
and
discourage
the deviants.

58. 3. INNER CONTROL
Inner control refers to a
internal control of a
person.
The primary socialization plays
an important role in this regard.
The primary group construct the
definition of right and wrong and
people control their deviant
behavior in the situation where
they have a chance to deviant.

59. 4. OUTER CONTROL
An individual
performs the
act according
to the
imagination of
others.
The person
perform the
action as
others want
to look
him/her.
Examples:
Society likes
to law
abidance and
people try
their level
best to show
them as
conformists.

60. HOW IS SOCIAL CONTROL
EXERCISE
Social control is
exercised
through the use
of sanctions.
Social
sanctions
played a vital
role in the
smooth running
of society.

61. TYPES OF SOCIAL SACTIONS
FORMAL
POSITIVE
SANCTIONS
FORMAL
NEGATIVE
SANCTIONS
INFORMAL
POSITIVE
SANCTIONS
INFORMAL
NEGATIVE
SANCTIONS

62. 1. FORMAL POSITIVE SANCTIONS
exercised by a
group (or
groups) that fall
under the
concept “formal
social control”.
it is a reward for
a good
behavior.

63. 2. FORMAL NEGATIVE SANCTIONS
Exercised by “people
in suits” so to speak.
Form of a punishment
for bad behavior/
undesirable behavior
rather than a reward.

64. 3. INFORMAL POSITIVE SANCTIONS
Applied by groups in
society that we are most
likely to turn to for
guidance. They are groups
that fall under the term
“informal social control”
e.g. family, peer groups.

65. INFORMAL NEGATIVE SANCTIONS
Agencies of informal
social control do,
however, also
exercise negative
sanctions. Hence,
agents of informal
control also provide
punishments as well
as rewards

66. INFORMAL NAGITIVE SANCTIONS
Agencies of informal
social control do,
however, also
exercise negative
sanctions.
Hence, agents of
informal control also
provide
punishments as well
as rewards

67. THEORIES OF DEVIANCE
1. Biological
Perspectives
2. Structural
Functionalist
3.Structural
Strain
4. Opportunity
Structures
5.Social Conflict
Perspective
6. Symbolic-
Interactionist
Perspective
7. Labeling
8. The
Medicalization
of Deviance
9. Cultural Transmission 10. Globalization and the Internet

68. 1. BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES
CESARE LOMBROSO (1835–1909)
Cesare Lombroso was a Italian army psychiatrist who was
impressed from Darwinism. He believed that he could
distinguish “born criminals.” They were identifiable, he
contended, by physical characteristics common to criminals
but not shared by the wider population. Lombroso’s
research consisted of recording anatomical and
physiological measurements from thousands of living and
dead Italian soldiers and prisoners. His data included the
length of arms and fingers, facial features, amount of body
hair, distance between the eyes, and even measurements
of brains, bones, and internal organs.

69. Continue
Lombroso (1876) concluded that the “criminal
man” was atavistic, or less evolved and closer
to apes or Neanderthals, than were
noncriminal, and shared five or more physical
characteristics on a list of “stigmata” he
developed. His list included large jaws, high
cheekbones, handle-shaped ears, insensitivity
to pain (physical and moral), and good
eyesight, as well as characteristics such as
excessive laziness, sexual drive, and craving
for evil. Lombroso used his data to argue that
criminality was instinctual. A subsequent study
of women resulted in similar conclusions about
female criminality. Female “born criminals”
were, however, fewer in number and more
difficult to detect (Lombroso 1980).

70. Continue
William Sheldon (1949) concluded that muscular
bodies (which he associated with aggression)
indicated a criminal type. Sheldon and Eleanor
Glueck (1950, 1956) expanded on Sheldon’s work,
adding more factors to consider.
Other biological factors studied in relation to
deviance include chromosomal abnormality,
biochemical substances, cognitive deficits, and birth
complications. Researchers have even drawn from
the field of psychophysiology (the science that deals
with the interplay between psychological and
physiological processes) in considering variables
such as the electrical activity of the skin and heart
rate (Yaralian and Raine 2001).

71. 2. Structural-Functionalist
Perspectives
To Durkheim (1964a, 1964b), deviance
strengthens social bonds by defining
moral boundaries, a shared sense of
acceptable behavior that establishes
right and wrong as well as sanctions for
behaviors that fall outside permissible
bounds. In other words, identifying and
punishing deviance also identifies what
is considered okay. People draw
together to respond to deviance.

72. SOCIAL BONDS (E. Durkheim)
Preindustrial
societies
Social bonds were stronger
Had Collective consciousness
and collective representation

73. Continue
Industrial
Societies
Encourage people to focus on
individual wants and desires,
resulting in an increasing
plurality of values and loss of
social constraints.
This weakening of bonds in modern
societies can result in anomie, an
uncomfortable and unfamiliar state of
normlessness that results when shared
norms or guidelines break down.

74. 3.STRUCTURAL STRAIN
Robert K. Merton expanded Durkheim’s concept into a
general theory of deviant behavior. According to Merton’s
(1968) structural-strain theory, anomie results from
inconsistencies between the culturally approved means to
achieve goals and those actual goals. There are goals in a
society that most people pursue (e.g., financial and
material wealth, power, status). There are also socially
acceptable means to achieve these goals (e.g., hard work,
honesty). Most people conform to the acceptable means to
achieve goals. While some people are able to buy a nice
home, designer clothing, and expensive vehicles through
legally derived funds, others do not have legitimate means
to obtain these things. Deviance results from a “strain”
between means and goals—for example, when there is a
contrast between wants and economic realities.

75. Table # 3.1 Merton’s Strain Theory of Deviance
Response Culturally-
Accepted
Means
Culturally-
Accepted
Goals
Conformist Accepted (+) Accepted (+)
Innovators Rejected (-) Accepted (+)
Ritualizes Accepted(+) Rejected (-)
Retreatism Rejected (-) Rejected (-)
Rebellion Replaced Replaced

76. 3.1 CONFORMIST
Conformist are the people who lies on the
Top of the list because they confirm the
culturally approved means and Culturally
approved goals. They are the law abiding
people and very innocent in their nature.

77. 3.2 INNOVATORS
The most common type of deviance is innovation.
People accept culturally approved goals but pursue
them in ways that are not socially approved. A
person who steals property or money to pay rent or
purchase a car is innovating, as is a drug dealer or
embezzler. A person gets bribe to construct his
home.

78. 3.3 RITUALISM
Ritualism occurs when someone is unsuccessful at
achieving these goals, yet continues to adhere to
social expectations for their achievement. Merton
identified lower-level bureaucrats as examples of this
circumstance. They may adhere so strictly to rules
that they may even over conform by focusing
exclusively on following rules rather than other goals.

79. 3.4 Retreatism
Retreatism occurs when both culturally
approved goals and means are rejected.
Retreatists are social “dropouts.” They
include alcoholics, drug addicts, the
homeless, and the hopeless.

80. 3.5 REBELLION
When both culturally approved goals and
means are rejected and replaced by other
goals and means, the response is a rebellion
to those goals and means. Rebels substitute
unconventional goals and means in their
place. For example, The Terrorists, Baghi etc.

81. Social Control
social-control theories have been
developed that focus our attention in
another direction. Social-control theories
ask not why people deviate, but rather why
they conform. The answer, according to this
perspective, is that people conform
because of social bonds (Hirschi 1969).
When those bonds are weak or broken,
they are more likely to commit deviant acts.

82. Continue
SOCIAL CONTROL ARISES FROM SEVERAL
ELEMENTS
Attachment to others through strong, caring relationships
Commitment to legitimate social goals, such as a college
education or prestigious jobs, and consideration of the costs of
deviance;
Involvement in legitimate activities, such as academic activities, sports
teams, a religious body, or a job; belief in a common value system that
says conformity is right and deviance is wrong.
The more vested a person is within the society and the more they
have to lose, the less likely they are to become involved in deviance.
Some research from this perspective has focused on curbing juvenile
delinquency by keeping teens involved in, and feeling attached to,
socially approved activities and goals (Agnew 1991; Hirschi 1969).

83. Continue
Other research adds that since many
people have the opportunity to deviate,
those who do so are more in tune with
short-term benefits. They are more likely to
be impulsive, short-sighted, insensitive,
and risk takers than those who conform
(Gottfredson and Hirschi 1990).
Additionally, a study of over 450 people
convicted of insider trading found that
these offenders were lacking in overall self-
control (Szockyj and Geis 2002).

84. SOCIAL-CONFLICT
PERSPECTIVES
Engels argued that the inequalities inherent
in capitalism set up a system in which the
poor had little and would try to obtain more.
Meanwhile, the rich had a vested interest in
controlling the poor. Conflict theory became
a major criminological perspective during the
1970s and 1980s, in a stage set by the
political activism of the 1960s (Moyer 2001,
190–241).

85. Continue
They see the legal and criminal justice systems
as being established such that powerful groups
benefit (Kennedy 1990; Quinney 1970, 1974,
1980). They argue that these systems focus the
vast majority of attention and resources on the
less powerful in society while largely overlooking
the activities of the powerful. The powerful
construct and apply definitions of crime that fit
their own interests and impact less powerful
factions. Vagrancy, loitering, and drug laws, for
example, are all typically written such that they
target the lower classes (Chambliss 1964; Lynch
and Stretesky 2001; Brownstein 2000).

86. CONTINUE
Conflict theorists also argue that the cost of
corporate crimes (e.g., workplace deaths and
injuries due to unsafe working conditions,
consumers harmed by dangerous products) far
outstrips the costs of street crime (Chambliss
1988; Reiman 1998; Frank and Lynch 1992). As
Paternoster and Bachman summarize: “Those
with economic and political power use it to their
advantage by criminalizing the behaviors of the
powerless. As a result, ‘crime in the street’is
met with the power of the criminal law, the
police, courts, and penal system, while ‘crimes
in the suite’(organizational, white-collar,
corporate, and political crimes) are defined
either as shrewd business practices or as mere
civil violations” (2001, 254).

87. CONTINUE
The result of elite control of the criminal justice system,
according to conflict theorists, is that “crime control is, in
reality, class control” (Moyer 2001, 210). The powerful
use the resources at their disposal, such as the news
media, to ensure that public attention stays focused on
these “street crimes” rather than activities of the upper
classes (Chambliss 1994). As a result, the wary public
wants to be protected from these criminals, siphoning
valuable resources away from other, beneficial areas,
such as social services. An entire “crime industry” has
arisen in which extensive amounts of assets, including
time and attention of enforcement personnel, financial
resources, court resources, space in penal institutions,
and probation and parole services (to name a few of the
major costs), are allotted to efforts by the powerful to
control the lower classes (Christie 1993).

88. 6. Symbolic-Interactionist
Perspectives
Symbolic-interactionist theories of deviance
draw from the importance this perspective
places on our daily interactions. These
theories focus on our definitions of situations
and the argument that our self-concepts are
based on other’s perceptions. In doing so,
they provide a micro look at deviance that
can be compared with the macro
perspectives.

89. 7. LABELING
The focus of labeling theory is not the behavior
itself; rather, it is the response of others than
defines (labels) the behavior as deviant and
impacts further deviance. According to this
theory, any number of behaviors might be
considered normal or deviant. The crucial factor
is the behavior being labeled deviant by others
(Becker 1963; Cavender 1991). Labeling theory
cannot explain the original causes of deviant
behavior. The focus and value are in explaining
reactions to deviance when it does occur.

90. TYPES OF STIGMAS
POSITIVE:
Teacher Labels
one student as
Talented, His
performance will
Excellent
NAGATIVE:
Teacher declares
another student
not-talented, His
performance will
Poor

91. STIGMA
• As this example shows, labels can focus
on positive or negative attributes. Negative
labels can become a stigma, a powerful
negative label that changes a person’s
social identity and how they see
themselves (Goffman 1963b).
• A stigma often becomes a master status.

92. William Chambliss (1973), who is profiled
below, demonstrated just how powerful labeling
can be in his classic study on teen deviance.
Chambliss studied delinquency among two
groups of teenage boys he referred to as the
“Saints” and the “Roughnecks.” These names
referred to the ways the community viewed and
labeled the boys, and the outcomes these
labels had for members of each group. They
had nothing to do with to the actual number of
delinquent acts committed by each group

93. Both groups engaged in about the same amount of
delinquency, including truancy, drinking, speeding, theft,
and vandalism. However, the Saints were middle-class
boys from “good homes” who were well dressed and well
mannered with authority figures and many of whom had
cars enabling them to get away from the eyes of the
community when doing these things. They were labeled
as good, college-bound boys whose actions, when
caught, tended to be excused as pranks. The
Roughnecks were from working-class families with rough
dress and demeanor and few automobiles. Labeled as
troublemakers, these boys’ actions tended to be defined
as “more of the same” from bad kids. Over the two years
of the study, not one Saint was officially arrested, but
several of the Roughnecks were arrested more than
once.

94. Both the Saints and the Roughnecks came
to accept their labels. The Saints continued
to college; the Roughnecks became
increasingly deviant, even choosing new
friends from among other “troublemakers.”
Chambliss concluded that how the
community had labeled these boys had
lasting impacts on their adult lives.

95. Differential Association Theory
(SUTHERLAND)
• The basis of cultural-transmission theories
is that deviance is learned and shared
through interaction with others. It is
transferred through the process of
socialization.
• The greater the frequency, duration,
importance, and intensity of that
interaction, the greater the likelihood that
deviance will be shared.

96. This is a widely tested theory. It has been
applied to a range of behaviors, including
embezzlement (Cressey 1953), white-collar
crimes (Sutherland 1985), drug and alcohol use
(Lindesmith 1968; Akers et al. 1979), and
“professional” criminals (King and Chambliss
1984). One study finds more than 80 articles on
differential association published just since
1990 (Hochstetler, Copes, and DeLisi 2002,
558).

97. Limitation of the Theory of
Differential Association
Critics of differential association note that the
theory is unable to explain how deviance arises in
the first place and why some acts or groups are
defined as deviant. However, when combined with
Hirschi’s control theory, discussed above, the result
is an integrated theory that argues that children
having weak bonds to their parents are those most
likely to engage in deviance, associate with
delinquents, and be influenced by them. At least
one reviewer calls this integrated theory the “single
best empirically-substantiated theory of crime that
can be offered by modern criminology” (Warr 2001,
189).

98. THE INTERNET
The Internet, which also transcends international
boundaries, has provided a new venue for deviant and
criminal activity. Online deviance ranges from breaches of
etiquette (netiquette) to the enactment of violent crimes
including rape and murder. Viruses and computer hacking
and cracking are types of deviance that exist only because
the Internet itself exists. The Internet provides a new venue
for intellectual crimes such as plagiarism and economic
crimes (embezzlement, fraud, etc.). Research has shown
that deviant information spreads quickly over the Internet
(Mann and Sutton 1998). It also has shown that complaints
of Internet crime are on the rise, with the Internet providing
new criminal arenas (National White Collar Crime Center
and the Federal Bureau of Investigation 2003; Williams
2001).

99. Impact of electronic media Dramas
shows on culture and society

100. WHAT IS MASS MEDIA?
• Mass media states various means of
communication like communication
devices which are use to interact and
communicate among people.
• Its purpose is to facilitate communication
and learning.
• The plural of medium , are means of
communication.

101. Count………
• It is primary means of communication
used to reach the vast majority of the
general public.
• The general public typically relies on the
mass media to provide information ,
social issues , entertainment , and news
in pop culture.

102. ELECTRONIC MEDIA
• Broadcast media transmit information
electronically.
• Electronic media is media that uses
electromechanical devices to access the
content.
• People used electronic media to perform
Dance , dramas , cultural events ,
folk events etc.

103. MIND CONTROL
• ACCORDING JIM MORRISON;
“ WHOEVER CONTROLS THE MEDIA ,
CONTROLS THE MIND.”

104. PURPOSE OF ELECTRONIC
MEDIA
• Electronic media play a vital role in the
lifestyle of the people.
• It inform people about various things in
various ways and through a variety of
programmes.
• Electronic media play important role to
build public opinion.

105. Pakistani dramas and shows have both
positive and negative effect on society.
Dramas , Movies and talk shows is a source
of shaping people’s opinion. It influences the
way we live.
Some shows and dramas highlighting social
issues have great impact on viewers.
Count……………….

106. POSITIVE IMPACT OF
ELECTRONIC MEDIA
• Provide information and entertainment.
• Create awareness among people.
• It develop our thoughts and ideas.
• Keeps us touch with what is happening
in our society.
• Promote our culture , values , beliefs.
• Increase modernism.

107. What is culture?

108. MODERNISM
• Modernism has not touched West only,it
impacts visible in East as well.
• In Pakistan Drama is an imperative zone
in the field of media.Pakistani
dramatizations are going to be prominent
among youth.
• From using modern techniques in
production and direction of
dramas,modernism has touched our lives
through clothes,acting and language.

109. CONT…………..
• In early days 90’s the whole idea was to
show a well- prepared family drama with
strong script and a clean environment.
• Modern age dramas and films are showing
glamour, family politics, they affected our
living styles and had corrupted our society.

110. IMPACT ON RELIGION
• Islamic values got Faded Away
• An apparently unmarried couple living
under the same roof in RISHTAY KCH
ADHOORAY SY.

111. CONT………
• Drugs are now being used in open places.
• We prefer to watch dramas on every other
thing even NAMAZ.
• We celebrate Western festivals instead of
Islamic.

112. IMPACT ON CUSTOMS
• Every second drama and movie is
fostering the culture of second marriage
and illegal activities in our society.
• By the kindness of drama and film industry
PAKISTAN is making new records in
suicides, murders, second marriage etc.

113. WORLD OF FANTASY
• Dramas take us into the imaginary world
of dreams where we can do anything.
• Teenage girl/boys fantasy is promoted the
most like the only aspiration of girls is to
get married to rich hunks.

114. CONT………
• Mostly the ultimate result of fantasy is
suicide.
• Teenagers carry out a suicide pact in
Karachi school.
• SAATH JEE NI SAKTY TO SAATH
MAR TOO SAKTY HAIN NA?????

115. OTHER IMPACTS
• ON CLOTHING ; International and
western trends.
• one of the impacts of dramas is that
people become superstitions.

116. TALK SHOW
• A television or a radio show in which
various topics are discussed to inform or
educate the listens.
• In talk shows guests are those people who
are learned , highly educated or who have
great experienced.
• TALK SHOW is basically the word of
America & Australia English.

117. Count…….
• Talk show start at radio in 1930’s
• Start at TV in 1950’s
• NEWS TALK SHOW
• ENTERTAINMENT TAL SHOW
• CULTURAL SHOW

118. IMPACT OF TALK SHOWS
• Rise the awareness .
• Talk shows make easy the understandings
of the people.
• Provide us information on various aspects
of event.
• Generating political awareness among
the people.

119. Count…………….
• Influences the persons life and become
the source of social change.
• Biasness
• Pre-planed talk shows
• Not see the actual side of any event due
to biasness.

120. CONCLUSION
• Planted talk shows must be banned by
government.
• Media organizations like PEMRA should
have checked and balance on talk shows.
• Unbiassed
• Improve Pakistani electronic media and
set standards according to own culture.

121. Count………………..
• Programme should be telecasted which
is hazardous for our culture.
• Promote own culture and avoid to show
the western culture in his dramas and
shows.
• Use electronic media at certain schedule
times.
• Don’t let it interfere with your work ,
studies , or offline relationships.