This document contains information about various communication skills tasks for a polytechnic institute. It includes details about telephonic conversations, one-to-many communication exercises, and pre-fabricated building structures. The document provides guidance on developing effective communication skills like verbal communication, listening skills, and building interpersonal relationships. Sample conversations are included to demonstrate proper communication techniques.

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Contents
Task Name of the Task Page no
Task-01 Communication Skills
(Telephonic Conversation).
(14-23)
Task-02
Task -03
Communication exercise between one too many
simulation
Listening Skills
(24-31)
(32-37)
Task-04 Reading Skills. (38-40)
Task-05 Writing Skills
(Covering letter, Resume, Essay & Synopsis).
(41-55)
Task-06
Task-07
Knowledge of using Internet
Oral Communication
(Debate & Group discussion).
(56-63)
(64-72)
Task-08
Task-09
Task-10
Collecting Market Data and Analyzing
Presentation skills
Pick & speak
(73-76)
(77-96)
(97-99)
References (100)

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TASK 1

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Communication skill
Being able to communicate electively is the most important of all life skills,
Communication is simply the act of transferring information from one place to
another wheather this the vocally [using vice] writer [using printed or digital
media such as books,mega-iner,web site] visually or non-visibally usingbody
language geture & the tare & pits of vice.
Core communication skill
 Verbal communication
 Elective speaking
 Body language
 Personal appearence
 Listening skill
 Active listning
 Eflecting
 Classification
Building interpersonal relationship
 Asssertiveness
 Building report
 What is chairman
 The art of fact & biplate
 Facilities skill

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Conversation between two friends
JASON:- Hi sarah
SARAH:-HelloJason,howare you,itsbeenalongtime since we lastmet?
JASON:-sarah,Ihave gota newjobin SOSTECHNOLOGY at banglore.Now itisgoing great.
SARAH:-Hogreat jason.myselfnotbad.
JASON:-give yourmobile numberIwill call you& note mynumberalso
SARAH:-Hmm!Mynumberis7880440229 & call to thisnumbernow,I’llsave yournumber.
JASON;-Howoftendoyoueatat thishotel.
SARAH;-thisismyfirsttime myfriendkepttellingme the foodwasgreat.sotonightI decidedto
try it,
What have youbeenupto?
JASON:-Youhave beensobusywithmynew jobthatI have not had the time todo much else .
But otherwise ,me & the familyare all fine
SARAH;- Well ,I hope u & your familyhave lovelymeal
JASON ;- S u too
SARAH;- What happenedtoyourlover,Iherdshe has takensleepingtabletatnight&she admit
inthe hospital ,why?
JASON ;- ya! Sarah , the resonisshe told me to one goldchain& I saidwhenuwill die atthe
time I well bringagoldchain.
SARAH;- hooofunny, okwe well leavenow,we well meetbye.
JASON ;- ok bye

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TELEPHONIC CONVERSATION
Fig. 1.2: Communication between Costumer and Dealer.
It took a mobile phone 100 years to become the largest and most complex network ever
created by men. There are more than 700 million telephones today. The abi
lity to communicate by telephone can help reduce stress in the workplace, improve your
work efficiency and give you an advantage in a very competitive business environment. In fact,
everything is very simply, says David Lewis the American psychologist.
The secret of an effective communication by telephone consists in control of the
following things:
1) Your emotions.
2) Nature of the call.
Many people pertain fear of telephone communication. While the physical stress is
growing you start to lose concentration and your ability to communicate effectively is reduced.
Excessive face, neck and shoulders muscle strain alter your voice. A stressed male person
appears to be older, peevish, and a stressed woman appears to be emotional and unpredictable.
Before you dial a number you should get rid of stress, relax mentally and physically.

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Here are a few exercises that will help you do this so quickly and quietly without leaving your
desk.
1) Tense up your muscle, Clutch the fists, purse toes, gather in stomach and make a deep
breath. Hold the breath and slowly count till five.
2) Breathe out slowly. Relax the whole body. Lower shoulders, and unclench toes and relax
in the chair.
3) Take another deep breath. Hold the breath for five seconds. During the breath take care
not to clench your teeth.
4) The next five seconds breathe calmly. Feel how peace and relaxation permeate your
body.
Finally, ease the nerves, imagining that you are lying on the golden sand of the clean, blue ocean
shore. Hold that image in your mind for a few seconds

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One to many conversation
Sos raj: Very good morning to one and all friends.
Group Members: Very good morning shivu
Sos raj: Guys today we can discuss about pre-fabricated structures. Does anyone know about
PFS?
Veeru:Pre fabrication is the method of construction which includes assembling components of a
structure in a manufacturing or production site transporting complete assemblies or partial to the
site where the structure to be located.
Nalina: Can you tell about the history of PFS.
RAKESH: Yeah ok.The first prefabricated structure in the world was built in Germany the year
1885. Buildings have built in one place and reassembled in another place throughout the history.
Possibly the first advertised prefab house was the “Manning cottage”. Prefabricated housing was
popular during the second war due to the need for mass accommodation for military personnel.
Swathi : Can anybody tell about the modernization of PFS.
Dasthu : Prefab housing should no longer be compared to a mobile home in terms of
appearance, but to that of a complex modernist design. There has also been an increase in the use
of “Green” materials in the construction of prefab houses. Many prefab houses can be
customized to the client’s specific location and climate, making home much more flexible and
modern than before.
Swaroop : The world’s fastest commercial building was McDonalds and it was built in 13 hours.
Sos raj: The PFS requires certain stages for preparation of structures. The stages are casting,
curing, transportation and erecting.
Casting: Precast components are casted with controlled cement concrete in moulds of required
shape and sizes. The vibrator is used to vibrate concrete and this removes and honeycombing
inside the components.
Curing: After 24 hour of casting the casted components are released from the mould and
transported to curing tanks. Certain special components like railway sleepers where high strength
is required are steam cured.
Transportation and erecting: After complete curing is done the components are transported to
the site with heavy trucks and erection will be done using cranes with skilled labour force.
RAKESH: Some components of structures are;

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Columns: A columns is a vertical member carrying the beam and floor loadings to the
foundations. It is a compression member and therefore the column connection is required to be
proper. The main principle involved in making column connections is to ensure continuity and
this can be achieved by a variety of methods.
Beams:Beams can vary in their complexity of design and reinforcement from the very simple
beam formed over an isolated opening to the more common encountered in frames where the
beams transfer their loadings to the column.
Methods of connecting beams and columns are:
 A pre casting concrete haunch is cast on to the column with a locating dowel or stud bolt
to fix the beam.
 A projecting metal corbel is fixed to the column and the beam is bolted to the corbel.
Sangeetha : As many advantages are there for PFS, but still there are some disadvantages.
 Design of sections and drawings are complicated
 It requires too much of planning
 Initial investment will be high
 Requires lot of machinery’s and equipment.
 Difficulties in transportation and placing the pre-fabricated components.
Swaroop : Now I am going to tell about a advantages of PFS.
 Savings in cost, material, time and manpower.
 Shuttering and scaffolding is not necessary.
 Clean and dry work at site.
 Possibility of alternatives and reuse.
 Correct shape and dimension and sharp edges are maintained.
Sos raj: Thank you guys for discussing about pre-fabricated structures. And now we got the idea
about pre-fabricated structure

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TASK 2

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Energy conservation
Energy consumption through using less of an energy service.
Energy conservation differs fromefficient energy use, which refers to using less energy
for a constant service.
Driving less is an example of energy conservation.
Driving the same amount with a higher mileage vehicle is an example of energy
efficiency.
Energy conservation and efficiency are both energy reduction techniques. Energy
conservation is a part of the concept of sufficiency.
Even though energy conservation reduces energy services, it can result in
increased environmental quality, national security, personal financial security and
higher savings.
It is at the top of the sustainable energy hierarchy.
It also lowers energy costs by preventing futureresource depletion.
WATER :
Water is a transparent and nearly colorless chemical substance that is the main
constituent of Earth's streams, lakes, and oceans, and thefluids of most
living organisms. Its chemical formula is H2O, meaning that its molecule contains
one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms, that are connected by covalent bonds.
Water strictly refers to the liquid state of that substance, that prevails at standard
ambient temperature and pressure; but it often refers also to its solid state (ice) or
its gaseous state (steam or water vapor). It also occurs in nature as snow,glaciers, ice
packs and icebergs, clouds, fog, dew, aquifers, and atmospheric humidity.
Water covers 71% of the Earth's surface.
It is vital for all known forms of life. On Earth, 96.5% of the planet's crust water is found
in seas and oceans, 1.7% in groundwater, 1.7% in glaciers and the ice caps of
Antarctica and Greenland, a small fraction in other large water bodies, and 0.001% in
the air as vapor, clouds (formed of ice and liquid water suspended in air),
and precipitation.[2][3] Only 2.5% of this water is freshwater, and 98.8% of that water is in
ice (excepting ice in clouds) and groundwater. Less than 0.3% of all freshwater is in
rivers, lakes, and the atmosphere, and an even smaller amount of the Earth's
freshwater (0.003%) is contained within biological bodies and manufactured
products.[2] A greater quantity of water is found in the earth's interior.[4]
Water on Earth moves continually through the water
cycle of evaporation and transpiration (evapotranspiration), condensation,precipitation

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And runoff, usually reaching the sea. Evaporation and transpiration contribute to the
precipitation over land. Large amounts of water are also chemically combined
or adsorbed in hydrated minerals.
Safe drinking water is essential to humans and other lifeforms even though it provides
no calories or organic nutrients. Access to safe drinking water has improved over the
last decades in almost every part of the world, but approximately one billion people still
lack access to safe water and over 2.5 billion lack access to
adequate sanitation.[5] There is a clear correlation between access to safe water
andgross domestic product per capita.[6] However, some observers have estimated that
by 2025 more than half of the world population will be facing water-based
vulnerability.[7] A report, issued in November 2009, suggests that by 2030, in some
developing regions of the world, water demand will exceed supply by 50%.
AGRICULTURE:
Agriculture is the cultivation
of animals, plants and fungi for food, fiber, biofuel, medicinal plants and other products
used to sustain and enhance human life.[1] Agriculture was the key development in the
rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming ofdomesticated species created
food surpluses that nurtured the development of civilization. The study of agriculture is
known asagricultural science. The history of agriculture dates back thousands of years,
and its development has been driven and defined by greatly different climates, cultures,
and technologies. Industrial agriculture based on large-scale monoculture farming has
become the dominant agricultural methodology.
Modern agronomy, plant breeding, agrochemicals such as pesticides and fertilizers, and
technological developments have in many cases sharply increased yields from
cultivation, but at the same time have caused widespread ecological damage and
negative human health effects. Selective breeding and modern practices in animal
husbandry have similarly increased the output of meat, but have raised concerns
about animal welfare and the health effects of the antibiotics, growth hormones, and
other chemicals commonly used in industrial meat production. Genetically modified
organisms are an increasing component of agriculture, although they are banned in
several countries. Agricultural food production and water management are increasingly
becoming global issues that are fostering debate on a number of fronts. Significant
degradation of land and water resources, including the depletion ofaquifers, has been
observed in recent decades, and the effects of global warming on agriculture and of
agriculture on global warming are still not fully understood.
The major agricultural products can be broadly grouped into foods, fibers, fuels, and raw
materials. Specific foods
include cereals(grains), vegetables, fruits, oils, meats and spices. Fibers
include cotton, wool, hemp, silk and flax. Raw materials include lumberand bamboo.
Other useful materials are also produced by plants, such
as resins, dyes, drugs, perfumes, biofuels and ornamental products such as cut
flowers and nursery plants. Over one third of the world's workers are employed in

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agriculture, second only to the service sector, although the percentages of agricultural
workers in developed countries has decreased significantly over the past several
centuries.
INDUSTRY:
Industry is the production of goods or related services within an economy.[1] The major
source of revenue of a group or company is the indicator of its relevant industry.[2] When
a large group has multiple sources of revenue generation, it is considered to be working
in different industries. Manufacturing industry became a key sector of production and
labour in European and North Americancountries during the Industrial Revolution,
upsetting previous mercantile and feudal economies. This came through many
successive rapid advances in technology, such as the production of steel and coal.
Following the Industrial Revolution, possibly a third of the world's economic output is
derived that is from manufacturing industries. Many developed countries and many
developing/semi-developed countries (People's Republic of China, India etc.) depend
significantly on manufacturing industry. Industries, the countries they reside in, and the
economies of those countries are interlinked in a complex web of interdependence.
Industries can be classified in a variety of ways. At the top level, industry is often
classified according to the three-sector theory into sectors: primary or
extractive, secondary or manufacturing, and tertiary or services. Some authors
add quaternary (knowledge) or even quinary (culture and research) sectors. Over time,
the fraction of a society's industry within each sector changes.
Below the economic sectors there are many other more detailed industry classifications.
These classification systems commonly divide industries according to similar functions
and markets and identify businesses producing related products.
Industries can also be identified by product, such as: construction industry, chemical
industry, petroleum industry, automotive industry, electronic industry, meatpacking
industry,hospitality industry, food industry, fish industry, software industry, paper
industry, entertainment industry, semiconductor industry, cultural industry, and poverty
industry.
Market-based classification systems such as the Global Industry Classification
Standard and the Industry Classification Benchmark are used in finance and market
research.
WATER USE IN HOUSE
In the United States, we are lucky to have easy access to some of the safest
treated water in the world—just by turning on the tap.
We wake up in the morning, take a shower, brush our teeth, grab a cup of
coffee and head out for the day. Water is an important part of our daily lives

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and we use it for a wide variety of purposes, but do we really understand
how much we use?
The average American family uses more than 300 gallons of water per day
at home. Roughly 70 percent of this use occurs indoors. Nationally, outdoor
water use accounts for 30 percent of household use yet can be much higher
in drier parts of the country and in more water-intensive landscapes. For
example, the arid West has some of the highest per capita residential water
use because of landscape irrigation.
Water also plays a big role in our local communities. Without water there
would be no local business or industry. Fire fighting, municipal parks, and
public swimming pools all need lots of water. An array of pipes, canals, and
pumping stations managed by our public water systems are needed to bring
a reliable supply of water to our taps each day.
Where does all this water come from? It starts out as rain or snow and flows
into our local lakes, rivers and streams or into underground aquifers. You
can learn more about water in your state, including how it is being protected
and where your local drinking water comes from.
ELECTRICAL SAFTY IN THE LABORATORY
• Electrical equipment must be free from recognized hazards, 29 CFR 1910.303(b)(1);
• Listed or labeled equipment must be used or installed in accord with any instructions
included in the listing or labeling, 29 CFR 1910.303(b)(2);
• Sufficient access and working space must be provided and maintained around all
electrical equipment operating at ≤
600 volts to permit ready and safe operation and maintenance of such equipment, 29
CFR 1910.303(g)(1);
• Ensure that all electrical service near sources of water is properly grounded.
• Tag out and remove from service all damaged receptacles and portable electrical
equipment,
29 CFR
• Repair all damaged receptacles and portable
electrical equipment before placing them back into service, 29 CFR

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• Ensure that workers are trained not to plug or unplug energized equipment when their
hands are wet, 29 CFR 1910.334(a)(5)(i);
• Select and use appropriate work practices,
29 CFR and
• Follow requirements for Hazardous Classified Locations, 29 CFR 1910.307. This
section covers the requirements for electric equipment and wiring in locations that are
classified based on
The properties of the flammable vapors, liquids or gases, or combustible dusts or fibers
that may be present therein and the likelihood that a flammable
or combustible concentration or quantity
is present.
Notes:
• Only “Qualified Persons,” as defined by OSHA in 29 CFR, are to work on electrical
circuits/
• Workers must be trained to know the locations of
circuit breaker panels that serve their lab area.

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TASK 3

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THE ENERGY SAVING ELECTRICAL PRODUCT
LED LAMP ;-
An LED lamp is a light-emitting diode (LED) product which is assembled into
a lamp (or light bulb) for use in lighting fixtures. LED lamps have a lifespan
and electrical efficiency which are several times longer than incandescent lamps,
and significantly more efficient than mostfluorescent lamps, with some chips able
to emit more than 300 lumens per watt (as claimed by Cree and some other LED
manufacturers). The LED lamp market is projected to grow by more than twelve-
fold over the next decade, from $2 billion in the beginning of 2014 to $25 billion in
2023, a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 25%.[1] As of 2016, LEDs use
only about 10% of the energy an incandescent lamp requires.[2]
Like incandescent lamps and unlike most fluorescent lamps (e.g. tubes
and compact fluorescent lamps or CFLs), LEDs come to full brightness without
need for a warm-up time; the life of fluorescent lighting is also reduced by
frequent switching on and off.[3] The initial cost of LED is usually higher.
Degradation of LED dye and packaging materials reduces light output to some
extent over time.
Some LED lamps are made to be a directly compatible drop-in replacement for
incandescent or fluorescent lamps. An LED lamp packaging may show
the lumen output, power consumption in watts, color temperature in kelvins or
description (e.g. "warm white"), operating temperature range, and sometimes the
equivalent wattage of an incandescent lamp of similar luminous output.
BENEFITS OF LED’S
1. Long Life ;-
Long life time stands out as the number one benefit of LED lights. LED bulbs and diodes have
an outstanding operational life time expectation of up to 100.000 hours. This is 11 years of

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continuous operation, or 22 years of 50% operation. If you leave on the LED fixture for 8h per
day it would take around 20 years before you’d have to replace the LED bulb.
2. Energy Efficiency
Todays most efficient way of illumination and lighting, with an estimated energy efficiency of
80%-90% when compared to traditional lighting and conventional light bulbs. This means that
about 80% of the electrical energy is converted to light, while a ca. 20% is lost and converted
into other forms of energy such as heat.
With traditional incandescent light bulbs who operate at 20% energy efficiency only, a 80% of
the electricity is lost as heat. Imagine the following scenario:
3. Ecologically Friendly
LED lights are free of toxic chemicals. Most conventional fluorescent lighting bulbs contain a
multitude of materials like e.g mercury that are dangerous for the environment.
LED lights contain no toxic materials and are 100% recyclable, and will help you to reduce your
carbon footprint by up to a third. The long operational life time span mentioned above means
also that one LED light bulb can save material and production of 25 incandescent light bulbs. A
big step towards a greener future!
4. Durable Quality
LEDs are extremely durable and built with sturdy components that are highly rugged and can
withstand even the roughest conditions.
Because LED lights are resistant to shock, vibrations and external impacts, they make great
outdoor lighting systems for rough conditions and exposure to weather, wind, rain or even
external vandalism, traffic related public exposure and construction or manufacturing sites.
5. Zero UV Emissions
LED illumination produces little infrared light and close to no UV emissions.
Because of this, LED lighting is highly suitable not only for goods and materials that are
sensitive to heat due to the benefit of little radiated heat emission, but also for illumination of UV
sensitive objects or materials such a in museums, art galleries, archeological sites etc.
6. Design Flexibility
LEDs can be combined in any shape to produce highly efficient illumination. Individual LEDs
can be dimmed, resulting in a dynamic control of light, color and distribution. Well-designed
LED illumination systems can achieve fantastic lighting effects, not only for the eye but also the

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7. Operational in Extremely Cold or Hot Temperatures
LED are ideal for operation under cold and low outdoor temperature settings. For fluorescent
lamps, low temperatures may affect operation and present a challenge, but LED illumination
operates well also in cold settings, such as for outdoor winter settings, freezer rooms etc.
8. Light Dispersement
LED is designed to focus its light and can be directed to a specific location without the use of an
external reflector, achieving a higher application efficiency than conventional lighting. Well-
designed LED illumination systems are able to deliver light more efficiently to the desired
location.
SAFTYPRACTICE OBSERVED IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY
All safety rules must be obeyed. Failure to do so will result in strict disciplinary
action.

All injuries must be reported as soon as possible.
No horseplay, alcohol, or drugs allowed on premises.
No alcohol usage allowed during lunch break.
PPE must be worn as prescribed by management.
All tools/equipment must be maintained in good condition.
Only appropriate tools shall be used for specific jobs.
All guards must be kept in place.
No spliced electrical cords/wiring allowed.
Only authorized personnel can operate forklift vehicles.
Smoking allowed only in lunchroom.
Seat belt use required of all drivers/passengers.
All OSHA Safety Standards will be followed for job processes requiring respiratory
protection. *SEE SEPARATE WRITTEN RESPIRATORY PROTECTION PROGRAM.

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All OSHA Safety Standards concerning Lockout/Tagout of energized equipment will
be followed.
All OSHA Safety Standards concerning Hazard Communications will be followed.
All OSHA Safety Standards concerning Forklift Safety will be followed.
 Identifying workplace hazards

 Enforcementof Safety Rules

Measuring safety performance

 Reducing frequency/severityof injuries

 Creating safety policies

 Developing and monitoring safety programs
Review employee reports of hazards

Assistin safety training

 Creating safety incentive programs

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TASK 4

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linear induction motor
A linear induction motor (LIM) is an alternating current (AC), asynchronous linear
motor that works by the same general principles as other induction motors but is
typically designed to directly produce motion in a straight line. Characteristically, linear
induction motors have a finite primary or secondary length, which generates end-
effects, whereas a conventional induction motor is arranged in an endless loop.
Despite their name, not all linear induction motors produce linear motion; some linear
induction motors are employed for generating rotations of large diameters where the
use of a continuous primary would be very expensive.
As with rotary motors, linear motors frequently run on a three-phase power supply and
can support very high speeds. However, there are end-effects that reduce the motor's
force, and it is often not possible to fit a gearbox to trade off force and speed. Linear
induction motors are thus frequently less energy efficient than normal rotary motors for
any given required force output.
LIMs, unlike their rotary counterparts, can give a levitation effect. They are therefore
often used where contactless force is required, where low maintenance is desirable, or
where the duty cycle is low. Their practical uses include magnetic levitation,
Construction
A linear electric motor's primary typically consists of a flat magnetic core (generally
laminated) with transverse slots that are often straight cut[5] with coils laid into the slots,
with each phase giving an alternating polarity so that the different phases physically
overlap.
The secondary is frequently a sheet of aluminium, often with an iron backing plate.
Some LIMs are double sided with one primary on each side of the secondary, and, in
this case, no iron backing is needed.
Two types of linear motor exist: a short primary, where the coils are truncated shorter
than the secondary, and a short secondary, where the conductive plate is smaller. Short

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secondary LIMs are often wound as parallel connections between coils of the same
phase, whereas short primaries are usually wound in series.[6]
The primaries of transverse flux LIMs have a series of twin poles lying transversely side-
by-side with opposite winding directions. These poles are typically made either with a
suitably cut laminated backing plate or a series of transverse U-cores.
Principles
The magnetic field of a linear motor sweeping to the left, past an aluminium block.
Coloured by induced electric current.
In this electric motor design, the force is produced by a linearly moving magnetic
field acting on conductors in the field. Any conductor, be it a loop, a coil, or simply a
piece of plate metal, that is placed in this field will have eddy currents induced in it thus
creating an opposing magnetic field in accordance with Lenz's law. The two opposing
fields will repel each other, creating motion as the magnetic field sweeps through the
metal.
where is supply frequency in Hz, p is the number of poles, and is the
synchronous speed of the magnetic field in revolutions per second.
The travelling field pattern has a velocity of:
where Is velocity of the linear travelling field in m/s, and t is the pole pitch.
For a slip of s, the speed of the secondary in a linear motor is given by
smart grid
A smart grid is an electrical grid which includes a variety of operational and energy
measures including smart meters, smart appliances, renewable energy resources, and
energy efficiency resources.[1] Electronic power conditioning and control of the
production and distribution of electricity are important aspects of the smart grid.[2]

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Smart grid policy is organized in Europe as Smart Grid European Technology
Platform.[3] Policy in the United States is described in42 U.S.C. ch. 152, subch. IX §
17381.
Roll-out of smart grid technology also implies a fundamental re-engineering of the
electricity services industry, although typical usage of the term is focused on the
technical infrastructure.[4]
Definition of "smart grid"[edit]
The first official definition of Smart Grid was provided by the Energy Independence and
Security Act of 2007 (EISA-2007), which was approved by the US Congress in January
2007, and signed to law by President George W. Bush in December 2007. Title XIII of
this bill provides a description, with ten characteristics, that can be considered a
definition for Smart Grid,
Features of the smart grid[edit]
The smart grid represents the full suite of current and proposed responses to the
challenges of electricity supply. Because of the diverse range of factors there are
numerous competing taxonomies and no agreement on a universal definition.
Nevertheless, one possible categorisation is given here.
1] Reliability
2] Flexibility in network topology
3] Efficiency
4] Load adjustment/Load balancing
5] Peak curtailment/leveling and time of use pricing
6] Sustainability
7] Market-enabling
8] Demand response support
9] Platform for advanced services

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TASK 5

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CoverLetter or Job Hunting Letter
Cover letter, Covering letter, Motivation letter, Motivational letter or a letter of
motivation is a letter of introduction attached to, or accompanying another document such as
a résumé or curriculum vitae.
CoverLetter
FROM,
SWAROOP MP
1st left , 2nd right
VER SAGRA TUDA LAYOUT MELEKOTE
TUMKUR
TO,
The Manager H R D
Aswan Ventures
M G Road
Bangalore-560 001
Respected Sir/Madam,
Subject :-regarding application for Junior Engineer.
As a recent technical diploma holder in Civil Engineering from P.V.P Polytechnic. I have great
interest in joining your company, because as it has a good reputation of good outgoing project
with good results, employees care, etc. I found this job on the website of shine.comI request you
to go through my Curriculum Vitae and provide me a chance to work in your organization. I
have gained excellent drafting software courses and have completed my college certificate with
outstanding grades.
Thanking you,
Place: Bangalore yours respectfully
Date: (swaroop m p)

26. 5TH
SEM E & E H M S POLYTECHNIC
RESUME
Resume is a document used by individuals to present their background and skill sets.
Résumés can be used for a variety of reasons but most often to secure new employment. A
typical résumé contains a summary of relevant job experience and education.
NAME : SWAROOP M P
EMAIL ID : Swaroopuppara@gmail.com
Sosraj7899@gmail.com
PHONENUMBER : 8553772438, 7899652290
JOB OBJECTIVE:
I am good listener, I wouldlike towork in the dynamic environment
which offer challenge andself development, where I canshare, and impact skills
and knowledge I acquire as I move forward.
EDUCATION :
 SSLC Percentage : 82.24 % withfirst class
 Diploma In Civil Engineering :
 IN 1ST
SEM : 58.40%

27. 5TH
SEM E & E H M S POLYTECHNIC
 2ND
SEM : 74.80%
 3RD
SEM : 69.71%
 4TH
SEM : 77.60%
 5TH
SEM :
 6th
SEM :
Aggregate percentage :
ITS EXPLOSURE :
 Basic computer skills.
 Auto cadd.
 General internet knowledge &all other basic software’s
EXPERIENCE :
 Fresher.
STRENGHTS :
 Good communication skills.
 Positive attitude, commitment to work.
 Desire for innovation & continuous learning.

28. 5TH
SEM E & E H M S POLYTECHNIC
 Ability to manage stress, time and people effectively.
PERSONAL DETAILS
NAME : SWAROOP M P
FATHER’S NAME : PARAMESH Y R
MOTHER’S NAME : VEDHA VATHI
DATE OF BIRTH : 30-08-1998
AGE : 18 YEARS
SEX : MALE
NATIONALITY : INDIAN
RELIGION : HINDU
CASTE : UPPARA (CAT1)
MOTHER TONGUE : KANNADA
LANGUAGES KNOWN : KANNADA,ENGLISH AND HINDI TELGU
HOBBIES : READING BOOKS, PLAYING GAMES
PERMANENTADDRESS : VERSAGRA TUDA LAYOUT
NEAR RAJIVGHANDI NAGAR
MELEKOTE , TUMKUR

29. 5TH
SEM E & E H M S POLYTECHNIC
NOTICE
SOS PUBLIC SCHOOL
HYDERABAD
31-08-2016
Friday
DRAMATICS COMPETITION– AUDITION
An inter schooldramatics competition will be held on o5-09-2016 at nalanda hall.
An audition will be held to select students for the schoolteam . Intersted
candidates may give their names to the undersigned. The details are given below
Date = 05-10-2016
Time =10;30 am
Venu = schoolauditorium
Eligibility=class 9 & 10th
PRINCIPLE SIGNATURE
CULTURAL SECRETARY

30. 5TH
SEM E & E H M S POLYTECHNIC
TASK 6

31. 5TH
SEM E & E H M S POLYTECHNIC
Introduction:
Once you've become adept at using e-mail, you may want to communicate with others on the
Internet who share your interests. Newsgroups are one way to do this; the other is through an
electronic discussion group. An electronic discussion is a group of persons who have come
together to discuss a particular topic via e-mail.
There are several methods that network users can use to participate in electronic discussions;
however, the basic purpose is to bring together persons with similar interests to share
information, ideas, problems, solutions, and opinions. Since an electronic discussion is
conducted by e-mail, it's commonly called a mailing list.
If you find yourself interested in a topic, you can subscribe to a suitable mailing list. From then
on, any message sent to the mailing list is automatically distributed as electronic mail to you--as
well as to all previously subscribed members of that particular discussion.
The beauty of a mailing list is that traffic (the mail generated by that list) covers a specific topic
and the
mail it generates comes straight to your electronic mailbox, without any extra work on your part.
There are thousands of mailing lists operating on the Internet, dedicated to myriad topics. Some
are created to serve local needs only (i.e., a list for the members of a regional computer user
group), while many are open to anyone on the network.
There are discussions on professional topics, vocational subjects, and topics of personal interest.
You can roughly separate the thousands of mailing lists available on the Internet into the
following groups:
ADVANTAGES OF USING INTERNET
1] We can make donations online.
2] We can send and receive information across large matrix of computer systems. Through
email service, we can send messages for both business and personal purposes.
3] Internet has opened doors for virtual online offices.
4] During the festive season, we don’t need to visit crowed stores to buy our stuff. We can
make online purchases at a bargain price.
5] We can send birthday greeting cards through the internet.
6] Before making any purchases, we can check online for user reviews of the products that we
intend to buy.

32. 5TH
SEM E & E H M S POLYTECHNIC
DIS-ADVANTAGES OF USING INTERNET
1] We often tend to purchase those extra items that we rarely need. Such purchases are a
wastage of money.
2] The internet is not free. Sometimes, it hurts while paying bills.
3] There are hundreds of vendors selling products of various brands. We get confused with too
many choices.
4] The transaction cost levied by the payment gateway providers decreases the margin of the
online sellers.
5] Too many contradictory review leads us nowhere.
6] The physical distance among loved ones is increasing.

33. 5TH
SEM E & E H M S POLYTECHNIC

34. 5TH
SEM E & E H M S POLYTECHNIC
TASK 7

35. 5TH
SEM E & E H M S POLYTECHNIC
DEBATE ON JOINT FAMILY AND NUCLEAR FAMILY
Joint families:-
An extended family is a family that extends beyond the nuclear family, consisting
of aunts, uncles, and cousins all living nearby or in the same household. An example is a married
couple that lives with either the husband or the wife's parents.
 Joint people have more people so more support in case of crises
 Joint families are more wealthy as more earners are in place
 More affection and love between family members
 More persons are there to enjoy the life socially
 Youngsters who prefer social life with better support system prefer joint families
 Learn about the importance of different relations in our lives
 Be more accepting of people and their different natures
 Better attention to individuals by different family members
 Person is matured at earlier stage of the life
 Person can know the world and learn to struggle in world to sustain
 Person is habituated with some habits of the family and family person.
 It is generally seen that person living in joint family is easily adjusted in any situation
 Getting love of many persons of the family
Nuclear Family:-
A nuclear family is a family group consisting of a pair of adults and their children. This is in
contrast to a single-parent family, to the larger extended family, and to a family with more than
two parents

36. 5TH
SEM E & E H M S POLYTECHNIC
 The primary reason for the formation of nuclear families is job opportunities available in
cities
 Nuclearfamilies can prove useful to veteransmore ever voterans can be useful to such
households.
 With both working parents,childrenderice guidance from grandparents.
 Grandparents too, if living in cities, find company their age.
 Nuclear family make members of family more responsible
 Nuclear family provide more privacy
 Small families have less financial needs
 They have less quarrels and personal vendetta so less problems
 Youngsters prefer freedom and less restriction choose nuclear family
 Avoid stress in discomfort
 Don’t have to ideal with problems
 Nuclear families are usually a well maintained economical family
Fig. 7.4: Presentation skills.
Conclusion:-
 Nuclear or joint families both have benefits and problems, they both have their own
advantages as well as disadvantages.
 It’s a matter of personal choice and also depends on time and environment.
 A newly married couple would prefer a nuclear family but can move back with parents and
siblings when become parents themselves.

37. 5TH
SEM E & E H M S POLYTECHNIC
Group Discussion On The Latest Developments In Pre-Fabricated Structures:-
Sos raj: Very good morning to one and all friends.
Group Members: Very good morning shivu
Sos raj: Guys today we can discuss about pre-fabricated structures. Does anyone know about
PFS?
Veeru:Pre fabrication is the method of construction which includes assembling components of a
structure in a manufacturing or production site transporting complete assemblies or partial to the
site where the structure to be located.
Nalina: Can you tell about the history of PFS.
RAKESH: Yeah ok.The first prefabricated structure in the world was built in Germany the year
1885. Buildings have built in one place and reassembled in another place throughout the history.
Possibly the first advertised prefab house was the “Manning cottage”. Prefabricated housing was
popular during the second war due to the need for mass accommodation for military personnel.
Swathi : Can anybody tell about the modernization of PFS.
Dasthu : Prefab housing should no longer be compared to a mobile home in terms of
appearance, but to that of a complex modernist design. There has also been an increase in the use
of “Green” materials in the construction of prefab houses. Many prefab houses can be
customized to the client’s specific location and climate, making home much more flexible and
modern than before.
Swaroop : The world’s fastest commercial building was McDonalds and it was built in 13 hours.
Sos raj: The PFS requires certain stages for preparation of structures. The stages are casting,
curing, transportation and erecting.
Casting: Precast components are casted with controlled cement concrete in moulds of required
shape and sizes. The vibrator is used to vibrate concrete and this removes and honeycombing
inside the components.
Curing: After 24 hour of casting the casted components are released from the mould and
transported to curing tanks. Certain special components like railway sleepers where high strength
is required are steam cured.
Transportation and erecting: After complete curing is done the components are transported to
the site with heavy trucks and erection will be done using cranes with skilled labour force.

38. 5TH
SEM E & E H M S POLYTECHNIC
RAKESH: Some components of structures are;
Columns: A columns is a vertical member carrying the beam and floor loadings to the
foundations. It is a compression member and therefore the column connection is required to be
proper. The main principle involved in making column connections is to ensure continuity and
this can be achieved by a variety of methods.
Beams:Beams can vary in their complexity of design and reinforcement from the very simple
beam formed over an isolated opening to the more common encountered in frames where the
beams transfer their loadings to the column.
Methods of connecting beams and columns are:
 A pre casting concrete haunch is cast on to the column with a locating dowel or stud bolt
to fix the beam.
 A projecting metal corbel is fixed to the column and the beam is bolted to the corbel.
Sangeetha : As many advantages are there for PFS, but still there are some disadvantages.
 Design of sections and drawings are complicated
 It requires too much of planning
 Initial investment will be high
 Requires lot of machinery’s and equipment.
 Difficulties in transportation and placing the pre-fabricated components.
Swaroop : Now I am going to tell about a advantages of PFS.
 Savings in cost, material, time and manpower.
 Shuttering and scaffolding is not necessary.
 Clean and dry work at site.
 Possibility of alternatives and reuse.
 Correct shape and dimension and sharp edges are maintained.
Sos raj: Thank you guys for discussing about pre-fabricated structures. And now we got the idea
about pre-fabricated structure

39. 5TH
SEM E & E H M S POLYTECHNIC
TASK 8

40. 5TH
SEM E & E H M S POLYTECHNIC
MarketData and Analyzing For Meaningful Inferences
Data collection isaterm used todescribe a processof preparingandcollectingdata- for example as
part of a processimprovement orsimilarproject.The purpose of datacollectionistoobtaininformation
to keeponrecord,to make decisionsaboutimportantissues,topassinformationontoothers.
Primarily,dataiscollectedtoprovide informationregardingaspecifictopic.
Fig. 8.2: Marketing logo
MARKETING DATA AND SPECIFICATION
MOBILE NAMES XIMOI Mi 4i MOTO G 3RD
(GENERATION)
SAMSUNG GAALAXY J7
PRICE 12990.00 12990.00 12990.00

41. 5TH
SEM E & E H M S POLYTECHNIC
Brand Mi Motrola Samsung
Model Name Mi 4i Moto G (3rd Generation) Galaxy J7
SIM Size Micro SIM Micro SIM Micro SIM
SIMType LTE + LTE, (Dual
Standby)
Dual Sim, GSM + LTE Dual Sim, LTE + GSM,
(Dual Standby)
Camera
Video Recording 1920 x 1080 1920 x 1080, 30 fps 1920 x 1080, 30 fps
Rear Camera 13 MP 13 MP 13 MP
Front Facing Camera 5 MP 5 MP 5 MP
Flash LED LED LED
Zoom
Digital Zoom – 5x Digital Zoom – 4x (Drag
to Zoom In / Out)
Digital Zoom – 5x (Drag
to Zoom In / Out)
Multimedia
Video Player Full HD ,VLC,720P
WMP
Supports MP 4, 3GP ,HD
Video Vlc ,Wmp ..
Supports MP4, WMP
VLC ,3GP ...
More
Music Player Supports MP3 Supports MP3 Supports MP3,
Internet &
connectivity 4G 4G 4G

42. 5TH
SEM E & E H M S POLYTECHNIC
Display
Resolution Full HD, 1920 x 1080
Pixels
HD, 1280 x 720 Pixels HD, 1280 x 720 Pixels
Size 5 inch 5 inch 5.5 inch
Dimensions
Weight 130 g 155 g 171 g
Size 69.6x138.1x7.8 mm 72.4x142.1 78.6x152.4x7.5 mm
Battery
Type Li-ion Polymer, 3030 mAh 2470 mAh 3000 mAh
Conclusion:-
 Best one is ximoi mi 4i (mi 4i)
 It has best display resolution and weight less and battery capacity is high & it is most
recommended for it’s quality &sevice.also it fulfills the customer satisfaction.
 And it also competitive price compare to other two
 And for more specification click on belowurl.
http://www.flipkart.com/mobile/compare?ids=mobe6h8az6pf4bvy,mobe6kk93jg
5wkb2,mobe93gwsmgzhfsk#

43. 5TH
SEM E & E H M S POLYTECHNIC
12,989 12,990 12,990 12,991 12,991 12,992 12,992 12,993
1
2
3
MOBILES
GAALAXY J7
100%
MOTO G 3RD
80%
XIMOI Mi 4i
75%
NAMES XIMOI Mi 4i MOTO G 3RD SAMSUNG GAALAXYJ7
PRICE 12,990 12,991 12,992
Rear Camera 13 MP 13 MP 13 MP
Weight 130 g 155 g 171 g
Battery 3030 mAh 2470 mAh 3000 mAh

44. 5TH
SEM E & E H M S POLYTECHNIC
TASK 9

45. 5TH
SEM E & E H M S POLYTECHNIC
INTRODUCTION
Presentation is the practice of showing and explaining the content of a topic to an
audience or learner. Presentations come in nearly as many forms as there are life situations. In
the business world, there are sales presentations, informational and motivational presentations,
first encounters, interviews, briefings, status reports, image-building, and of course, the
inevitable training sessions.
Structuring the presentation
1) 2 to 2.5 min - opening/beginning.
2) 20 to 21 min - middle section.
3) 2 to 3 min -closing/end.
4) 5 min -questions.
The Beginning
1) Should be carefully designed.
2) Get attention - shock, humor, question, story, facts &figures - well rehearsed yet natural.
3) Motivate audience to listen - listen to their needs.
Preparation – Structure
1) Sequence should be logical & understandable.
2) Interim summaries- Recaps.
3) Value of visual aids-flip charts, handouts etc.
Prepare Closing
1) Last 2 to 2.5 minutes are as critical as the first five minutes for a successful presentation.
2) Summarize- highlight important points.
3) Suggest action- what to do and when, where and how to do it.
Stage Fright
1) Everyone has it to some degree.
2) Can be used constructively.
3) Key issue is not elimination of fear.

46. 5TH
SEM E & E H M S POLYTECHNIC
4) Instead channel the energy it generates for an effective presentation.
Effective Delivery
1) Be active – move.
2) Be purposeful - controlled gestures.
3) Variations – vocal (pitch, volume, rate).
4) Be natural.
5) Be direct – don’t just talk in front of the audience talk to them.
Verbal Communication- barriers
1) Speaking too fast.
2) Tone and content.
3) Complicated or ambiguous language.
4) Physical State of the audience.
Sensitivity to the audience
1) “See” the audience.
2) Take non-verbal feedback -congruent and incongruent body language.
3) Modify to meet audience needs.
4) Don’t just make it as a presentation.
Handling Questions
1) Do not get confused.
2) You are not supposed to know everything.
3) Anticipate and keep answers ready.
4) Sometime questions themselves give you a lead to highlight your point of view.
Visual Aids
1) While using an overhead projector face the audience while talking.
2) Point with a pen.
3) Appropriate lighting.
4) Ensure clear visibility.

47. 5TH
SEM E & E H M S POLYTECHNIC
So to conclude
Always prepare for Channelize you fear andInteract with your audience.
PRESENTATION
WIND POWER
 What is it?
 How does it work?
 Efficiency
 U.S. Stats and
Examples
WIND POWER - What is it?
 All renewable energy (except tidal and geothermal power), ultimately
comes from the sun
 The earth receives 1.74 x 1017 watts of power (per hour) from the sun
 About one or 2 percent of this energy is converted to wind energy
(which is about 50-100 times more than the energy converted to
biomass by all plants on earth
 Differential heating of the earth’s surface
and atmosphere induces vertical and horizontal
air currents that are affected by the earth’s
rotation and contours of the land  WIND.
~ e.g.: Land Sea Breeze Cycle

48. 5TH
SEM E & E H M S POLYTECHNIC
• Winds are influenced by the ground surface at altitudes up to
100 meters.
• Wind is slowed by the surface roughness and obstacles.
• When dealing with wind energy, we are concerned with
surface winds.
• A wind turbine obtains its power input by converting the
force of the wind into a torque (turning force) acting on the
rotor blades.
• The amount of energy which the wind transfers to the rotor
depends on the density of the air, the rotor area, and the wind
speed.
• The kinetic energy of a moving body is proportional to its
mass (or weight). The kinetic energy in the wind thus depends
on the density of the air, i.e. its mass per unit of volume.
In other words, the "heavier" the air, the more energy is
received by the turbine.
•at 15° Celsius air weighs about 1.225 kg per cubic meter, but
the density decreases slightly with increasing humidity.
 A typical 600 kW wind turbine has a rotor diameter of 43-44 meters,
i.e. a rotor area of some 1,500 square meters.
 The rotor area determines how much energy a wind turbine is able to
harvest from the wind.
 Since the rotor area increases with the square of the rotor diameter, a
turbine which is twice as large will receive 22 = 2 x 2 = four times as
much energy.
 To be considered a good location for
wind energy, an area needs to have
average annual wind speeds of at least 12
miles per hour.

49. 5TH
SEM E & E H M S POLYTECHNIC
WINDMILL DESIGN
 A Windmill captures
wind energy and then
uses a generator to
convert it to electrical
energy.
 The design of a
windmill is an integral
part of how efficient it
will be.
 When designing a
windmill, one must
decide on the size of the
turbine, and the size of
the generator.
LARGE TURBINES:
• Able to deliver electricity at lower cost
than smaller turbines, because foundation
costs, planning costs, etc. are independent
of size.
• Well-suited for offshore wind plants.
• In areas where it is difficult to find sites,
one large turbine on a tall tower uses the
wind extremely efficiently.

50. 5TH
SEM E & E H M S POLYTECHNIC
SMALL TURBINES:
 Local electrical grids may not be able to handle the large electrical
output from a large turbine, so smaller turbines may be more
suitable.
 High costs for foundations for large turbines may not be
economical in some areas.
 Landscape considerations
Wind Turbines: Number of Blades
 Most common design is the three-bladed turbine. The most important reason is the
stability of the turbine. A rotor with an odd number of rotor blades (and at least three
blades) can be considered to be similar to a disc when calculating the dynamic
properties of the machine.
 A rotor with an even number of blades will give stability problems for a machine
with a stiff structure. The reason is that at the very moment when the uppermost blade
bends backwards, because it gets the maximum power from the wind, the lowermost
blade passes into the wind shade in front of the tower.

51. 5TH
SEM E & E H M S POLYTECHNIC
• Wind power generators
convert wind energy
(mechanical energy) to
electrical energy.
• The generator is attached
at one end to the wind
turbine, which provides
the mechanical energy.
• At the other end, the
generator is connected to
the electrical grid.
• The generator needs to
have a cooling system to
make sure there is no
overheating.
SMALL GENERATORS:
 Require less force to turn than a larger ones, but give much lower
power output.
 Less efficient
i.e.. If you fit a large wind turbine rotor with a small generator it
will be producing electricity during many hours of the year, but it
will capture only a small part of the energy content of the wind at
high wind speeds.
LARGE GENERATORS:
 Very efficient at high wind speeds, but unable to turn at low wind
speeds.
i.e.. If the generator has larger coils, and/or a stronger internal
magnet, it will require more force (mechanical) to start in motion.

52. 5TH
SEM E & E H M S POLYTECHNIC
o A windmill built so that it too severely interrupts the airflow
through its cross section will reduce the effective wind velocity
at its location and divert much of the airflow around itself,
thus not extracting the maximum power from the wind.
o At the other extreme, a windmill that intercepts a small
fraction of the wind passing through its cross section will
reduce the wind’s velocity by only a small amount, thus
extracting only a small fraction of the power from the wind
traversing the windmill disk.
o Modern Windmills can attain an efficiency of about 60 % of
the theoretical maximum.
* An extra meter of tower will cost roughly 1,500 USD.

53. 5TH
SEM E & E H M S POLYTECHNIC
* Most of the information and data in this
presentation was taken from www.windpower.org

54. 5TH
SEM E & E H M S POLYTECHNIC
TASK 10

55. 5TH
SEM E & E H M S POLYTECHNIC
Pick and speak.
We would have heard very much of a competition called Pick and Speak. Pick and Speak
is a competition wherein we have to pick a chit from a bowl where in there will be chits
comprising of various topics of discussion. We will have to talk on a topic which is listed in the
chit for a Period of 5 minutes.
We can usually talk on any topic in general but when a particular topic is given we may
not be able to talk so much as we generally do.Speakers say that before they deliver a speech
they will usually have a rehearsal and many home works are done in order to have the speech
spoken well and reachable to the audience. They conclude that lot of preparation is needed to
speak well in such competitions.
If the preparation is not done and when given an opportunity to talk suddenly on a topic they will
first of all have a fear of public speaking and may not be able to deliver the speech better. This
will give a negative impression to the listeners and will be draw back to the speaker.
NAME ;- SWAROOP M P
TOPIC ;- BUS CONDUCTOR

56. 5TH
SEM E & E H M S POLYTECHNIC
Bus conductors:-
Bus conductors have a range of responsibilities, which include collecting fares, issuing tickets,
helping passengers with baggage, advising on destinations and ensuring the safety of passengers.
There is some paperwork involved, for instance when recording fares, checking timetables and
counting money. In most areas, with the exception of London, the duties of driver and conductor
are combined into one job (see Bus/Coach Driver profile).
Hours are irregular and may involve some weekends and shift work. Driver-conductors work
alone, but where the roles are divided, the driver and conductor work together as part of a team.
The conductor will be expected to stand for prolonged periods.
the bus conductor should:
 be reliable and punctual
 be of smart appearance
 be physically fit - able to climb stairs, stand and lift luggage
 have good communication skills
 be numerate – able to calculate quickly and accurately
 have an awareness of safety issues
 have the ability to operate a payment system.
Opportunities are greater in large towns or cities. Most companies run buses operated by one
person only and therefore the number of openings for conductors has declined in recent years.
More opportunities exist nationally for bus drivers. To become a bus driver you need to have a
full UK driving licence and attain a Passenger Carrying Vehicle (PCV) licence, which involves
passing a practical and theoretical test. For more information on bus driving, see the Bus/Coach
Driver profile.
REFERENCES
1) Indian Society for Technical Education (ISTE)
2) Highway, Bridge andAirport Engineering Book - H.S.Vishwanath
3) Ramanrutham&R.Narayan “Reinforced concrete structure”.
4) H.S Vishwanth Text Book.

57. 5TH
SEM E & E H M S POLYTECHNIC