1. University of science technology
Medical
Collage of Dentistry
DENTAL CARRIES PREVALENCE AMONG SMOKING
UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
(It is a part of community Dentistry requirement)
2013-2014
Supervised by:
Ass. Prof.Ali Almashhadani
Done by:
Ibrahim Salim
Jamal Aman
Zakarya Hafiz

2. PERFACE
FOR OUR DOCTOR:
ALI AL-MASHHADANI
AND GRAET THANKS FOR OUR PARENT FOR
THEIR PATIENT AND SUPPORT TO SEE OUR
SUCCESS.

3. ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Thanks for our doctor /Ali Al-Mashhadani for his support us .
We thank U.S.T to facilities our research.
We thank the students who has been so cooperate with us.

4. Content PAGES Table No. PAGES
Table Content 4 Our study DMF mouth wash
(smoking)
Analysis of case
history
10 Our study DMF mouth wash
(non smoking)
DMF U.S(smoking) DMF Morocco(smoking) 36
Our study DMF
smoking
15 Our study DMF dental floss
(smoking)
Our study DMF (non
smoking)
16 Our study DMFdental floss
(non smoking)
DMF IDIA (tooth brush) 18 DMF snack India (smoking) 42
Our study DMF tooth
brush (smoking)
20
Our study DMF snack
(smoking)
Our study DMF tooth
brush (non smoking)
21 Our study DMF snack
(smoking)
Our study DMF tooth
brush (smoking)
22 Our study DMF snack
(no smoking)
Our study DMF tooth
brush (non smoking)
23 Our study DMF snack
(no smoking)
Our study DMF tooth
brush (smoking)
24 Search result 47
4

5. WORK ENVIROMENT

6. The Study was conducted on 1
MAR 2014 in U.S.T. in Sana’a
city.
A sample of 100 from University
students

7. Sample of the case sheet

8. Period of time: 6 hours
Place:
 First day: Accommodation of UST students.
 Second day: Faculty of medicine.
Amount o f samples: 100
Equipment of examination:
 Gloves
 Mask

9. Research

10. Case-History
Doyousmoking?
Ifnohow?
DO you
use
tooth
brush?
ifno.why?
DOyouusemouthwash?
IFnowhy?
Doyouusedentalfloss?
Howmanydentalcaries?
Howmanymissingteeth?
Howmanyfilling?
40 60 83 17 12 88 30 87 23 148
Table((1))
DMF=258

11. According to :
1. Smoking
2. Toothbrush
3. Mouthwash
4. Dental floss
5. Snack between food
11

12. RESAULTS

13. Smoking

14. DMF between smokers and non-
smokers in united state,in1999
DMF
smoker 91.48
Non smoker 91.19
14
Table((2))The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) has been an
important source of information on oral health and dental care in the United
States since the early 1970s.

15. (11-up )( 6-10 )( 1-5 )
17185NO.
453935DMF
37,8%32,7%29,4%DMF%
15
DMF=119
Table ((3))Ibrahim Salim
Jamal Aman
Zakarya Hafiz
1 Mars 2014

16. Non smoking
harmfulexpenvivedon’t like it
124
48
NO.
425047DMF
30,2%35,9%33,8%DMF%
DMF=119
Table ((4))Ibrahim Salim
Jamal Aman
Zakarya Hafiz
1 Mars 2014

17. Toothbrush
17

18. )
Yes DMF% No DMF% Total
New
delhi
26.88 62 73.12 345
Goa 82.1 352
18
Journal of Nepal Dental Association (2009), Vol.
10, No. 1, Jan.-Jun., 25-30
Table((5))

19. Once DMF% Twice DMF% Thrice DMF% Total
New
Delhi
259 67.80 95 24.90% 13 3.40% 367
Goa 293 75.90 79 20.50% 12 3.10% 384
19
Journal of Nepal Dental Association (2009), Vol. 10,
No. 1, Jan.-Jun., 25-30
Table((6))

20. smoking
yes DMF% No DMF%
( 1-5 ) 9 7.5 2 1.6
( 6-10 ) 11 9.2 4 3.3
( 11-up ) 8 6.7 6 5.04
Total 28 23.4 12 9.94
20
Table((7))
Ibrahim Salim
Jamal Aman
Zakarya Hafiz
1 Mars 2014

21. yes DMF% No DMF%
55 39.5 5 3,59
Ibrahim Salim
Jamal Aman
Zakarya Hafiz
1 Mars 2014
Table((8))

22. harmful expensive don’t like it OTHERS
NO 2 2 3 5
DMF 30 29 28 32
DMF% 25.21% 24.36% 23.52% 26.89%
Ibrahim Salim
Jamal Aman
Zakarya Hafiz
1 Mars 2014
Table((9))

23. harmful expensive don’t like it OTHERS
NO 1 0 0 4
DMF 50 0 0 89
DMF% 35,97% 0% 0% 64,28%
Ibrahim Salim
Jamal Aman
Zakarya Hafiz
1 Mars 2014
Table((10))

24. 1/d 2/d 3/d
( 1-5 ) 6 4 0
( 6-10 ) 5 3 0
( 11-up ) 7 3 0
24
Table ((11))
Ibrahim Salim
Jamal Aman
Zakarya Hafiz
1 Mars 2014

25. 1/d 2/d 3/d
( 1-5 ) 5,04% 3,36% 0
( 6-10 ) 4,2% 2,52% 0
( 11-up ) 5,88% 2,52% 0
25
Table ((11))
Ibrahim Salim
Jamal Aman
Zakarya Hafiz
1 Mars 2014

26. 1/d 2/d 3/d
Non smoker 30 23 2
26
Table((12))
Ibrahim Salim
Jamal Aman
Zakarya Hafiz
1 Mars 2014

27. 1/d 2/d 3/d
Non smoker 21,58% 19,32% 1,43%
27
Table((12))
Ibrahim Salim
Jamal Aman
Zakarya Hafiz
1 Mars 2014

28. Mouthwash
28

29. )
Yes DMF% No DMF% Total
New
delhi
41 12.91 304 87.09 345
Goa 82.1 352
29
Journal of Nepal Dental Association (2009), Vol. 10,
No. 1, Jan.-Jun., 25-30
Table((13))

30. Once DMF% Twice DMF% Total
New delhi 32 71.80% 9 28.2% 41
Goa 66 62.07% 7 37.93% 73
30
Journal of Nepal Dental Association (2009), Vol. 10,
No. 1, Jan.-Jun., 25-30
Table((14))

31. Yes DMF%
( 1-5 ) 1
0,84%
( 6-10 ) 1
0,84%
( 11-up ) 2
1,68%
Total 4 3,36%
31
Table ((15))Ibrahim Salim
Jamal Aman
Zakarya Hafiz
1 Mars 2014

32. Yes DMF%
Non smoker 8
5,75%
Total 8 5,75%
32
Table ((16))Ibrahim Salim
Jamal Aman
Zakarya Hafiz
1 Mars 2014

33. 1/d 2/d 3/d
( 1-5 ) 1 0 0
( 6-10 ) 1 0 0
( 11-up ) 1 1 0
33
Table ((17))
Ibrahim Salim
Jamal Aman
Zakarya Hafiz
1 Mars 2014

34. 1/d 2/d 3/d
( 1-5 ) 0,84% 0 0
( 6-10 ) 0,84% 0 0
( 11-up ) 0,84% 0,84% 0
34
Table ((17))
Ibrahim Salim
Jamal Aman
Zakarya Hafiz
1 Mars 2014

35. 1/d 2/d 3/d
Non smoker 7 1 0
35
Table ((18))
Ibrahim Salim
Jamal Aman
Zakarya Hafiz
1 Mars 2014

36. 1/d 2/d 3/d
Non smoker 5,03% 0,71 0
36
Table ((18))
Ibrahim Salim
Jamal Aman
Zakarya Hafiz
1 Mars 2014

37. )
No. DMF DMF%
Expensive 11 32 26,89%
Harmful 5 15 12,6%
Don’t like it 7 19 15,96%
Other 13 53 44,53%
37
Table ((19))Ibrahim Salim
Jamal Aman
Zakarya Hafiz
1 Mars 2014

38. )
No. DMF DMF%
Expensive 23 70 50,35%
Harmful 7 21 15,1%
Don’t like it 12 31 22,3%
Other 10 27 19,42%
38
Table ((20))Ibrahim Salim
Jamal Aman
Zakarya Hafiz
1 Mars 2014

39. Dental floss
39

40. Yes DMF% No
DMF
% Total
(1-5) 12 14.11% 73 85.89% 85
(6-10) 27 23.03% 90 76.96% 117
(11-up) 13 12.26% 93 87.74% 106
40
Frencken JE, Rugarabamu P, Mulder J
(2001). The effect of sugar cane chewing
on the development of dental caries.
J Dent Res, 68(6):1102- 4.
Table ((21))

41. Yes DMF% No DMF%
( 1-5 ) 2 1,68% 7 5,88%
( 6-10 ) 4 3,36% 9 7,56%
( 11-up ) 7 5,88% 11 9,24%
Total 13 10,92% 27 22,68%
41
Table ((22))Ibrahim Salim
Jamal Aman
Zakarya Hafiz
1 Mars 2014

42. Yes DMF% No DMF%
( 1-5 ) 17 12,23% 43 30,93%
Total 17 12,23% 43 30,93%
42
Table ((23))Ibrahim Salim
Jamal Aman
Zakarya Hafiz
1 Mars 2014

43. )
No. DMF DMF%
Expensive 1 7 5,88%
Harmful 13 24 20,16%
Don’t like it 6 59 49,57%
Other 7 29 24,36%
43
Table ((24))
Ibrahim Salim
Jamal Aman
Zakarya Hafiz
1 Mars 2014

44. )
No. DMF DMF%
Expensive 3 11 7,91%
Harmful 14 45 32,37%
Don’t like it 16 54 38,84%
Other 10 29 20,86%
44
Table ((25))
Ibrahim Salim
Jamal Aman
Zakarya Hafiz
1 Mars 2014

45. Snack
45

46. Yes No
(1-5) 90.9% 9.1
(6-10) 82.93% 17.07%
(11-up) 75.23% 24.77%
46
Manowiec J. Evaluation of caries prevention programs in Ann
Acad Med Stetin. 2003;49:303-20
Table ((26))

47. Yes DMF% No DMF%
( 1-5 ) 4 3,36% 1 0,84%
( 6-10 ) 7 5,88% 1 0,84%
( 11-up ) 3 2,52% 6 5,04%
Total 14 11,76% 8 6,72%
47
Table ((27))Ibrahim Salim
Jamal Aman
Zakarya Hafiz
1 Mars 2014

48. Yes DMF% No DMF%
Non smoker 56 47,05% 4 3,36%
Total 56 47,05% 4 3,36%
48
Table ((28))Ibrahim Salim
Jamal Aman
Zakarya Hafiz
1 Mars 2014

49. )
No. DMF DMF%
Soft drinks 22 52 43,69%
Chocolate 3 15 12,6%
Biscuit 4 19 15,96%
other 11 33 27,73%
49
Table ((29))
Ibrahim Salim
Jamal Aman
Zakarya Hafiz
1 Mars 2014

50. )
No. DMF DMF%
Soft drinks 33 54 38,84%
Chocolate 6 34 24,46%
Biscuit 8 29 20.86%
other 13 22 15,82%
50
Table ((30))
Ibrahim Salim
Jamal Aman
Zakarya Hafiz
1 Mars 2014

51. 51

52. 52

53. 1.Recommendation to the security staff in the university to
prevent student and public from smoking in the university
campus to improve the general health and prevent the
speared of this habit .
2 .in association with the student union in the collage to
provide brushers showing the contents of each cigarette and
the damage that is caused by each component.
3 .showing clinical cases to the student with result and
damage affected to general health .

54. 4 . Separation of information about the smoking effect on
social networks and provide lectures to the student in hostiles
to reduce smoking while in home .
5 . Brush There teeth 2 time daily at minimum and give
general idea to how use dental floss and mouth wash.
6 .Tell the students to try nicotine replacement by therapy
gum or patches .

55. 1 . Ministry of Health: Start or make a program to smoking
cessation .
2 . Ministry of Health: Awareness about the dangers of
smoking through health centers by many program and
magazine .
3 .Request for cooperation between the Ministries of
Health and Media for raising a special programs .
4 .Send a medical staff to university to educate the student
about the dangers of smoking and it’s effects on the mouth
and teeth .

56. Rreferences
56

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58. 4. Petersen PE (1989). Evaluation of a dental
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59. internet
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 http://www.nidcr.nih.gov/DataStatistics/FindDataByTopic/DentalCaries/D
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