ppt

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CAREGIVING
Chapter 3

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LEARNING OUTCOMES
1. Recognize caregiving tools, materials and equipment
2. Perform calculations in administering medicine to the patient
3. Discuss occupational health and safety procedure is
caregiving

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INTRODUCTION
Caregiving is providing care or assistance to a person
who may be ill, disabled, or needs help with his/her day-to-
day activities. This may also refer to providing care for
physical and emotional needs of a family member or a friend
at home. There are home for the aged which house these
people for an immediate care from qualified caregivers who
are paid for their services.

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A caregiver is a person who provides assistance to any
person who cannot live alone by himself/herself due to
some developmental, physical, or psychological needs
(Ilagan, 2013). The services of a caregiver is important and
that his/her services give assurance to the client that he/she
can still live a healthy life with his/her cooperation. It is
necessary for the caregiver to provide compassion and
patience which is equally important to the skills and
techniques he/she must possess in caring for the client.

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LESSON 1: Caregiving Tools, Materials
and Equipment
One of the most important tasks of a caregiver is to
make sure that he/she can identify and use the
appropriate tools, materials, equipment and
paraphernalia that are applicable to the specific job. As
a future caregiver, being well-versed with the different
tools and equipment will prepare you to be successful in
the care profession someday.

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For Taking Vital Signs
BP Apparatus Aneroid
(Sphygmomanometer)
This is mercury-free aneroid unit
which consists of a cuff that can be
applied with one hand for self-testing, a
stethoscope that is built or attached,
and a bulb which inflates and deflates
automatically with the data displayed. It
has an easy-to-read gauge which
functions in any position.

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Stethoscope
This is an instrument
used for listening to the
action or beating of the
heart with a circular piece
usually placed against the
chest with tube leading to
earpieces.

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Clinical Thermometer
This is an instrument
used for measuring body
temperature which is made
of glass narrowing above
the bulb so that the
mercury column stays in
position even when the
instrument is removed from
the body.

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For Cleaning, Washing and Ironing
Bottle Sterilizer
This is used to sterilize
bottles through boiling to
destroy microorganisms in
containers like feeding
bottles.

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Baby Bath Tub
This is used for bathing
infants especially those
who are not yet able to sit
up on their own. Some
baby bath tubs are
designed to allow the baby
to recline while keeping his
head from out of the water.

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Bedpan
This is usually made up
of metal, glass, or plastic
used for toileting of a
bedridden patient. This can
be used both for urinary
and fecal discharge.

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Washing Machine
It is an electric appliance
used for washing clothes
and linen.

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Flat Iron or Clothes Iron
This is another appliance
which is used to iron or press
clothes, draperies and other
linen and used along with
ironing board.

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Ironing Board
This is a long, narrow
padded board with
collapsible supporting legs
and used as a working
surface in ironing clothes
and other linen.

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For Meal Preparation
A caregiver must also have the knowledge and skills
in preparing the food for his/her client or person under
his/her care. Meal preparation is very important as this
affects the health and nutrition of the person, especially
the sick. Moreover, he/she must be familiar with the
appropriate tools and equipment used in food
preparation.

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Food Processor
This is a multi-purpose
tool which is used for
chopping, shredding, and
pureeing food ingredients.

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Coffee Maker
This is an electric
countertop appliance
which brews coffee
automatically.

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Air pot or thermos
This is an storage
vessel provided with
insulation material which
keeps its contents hotter or
cooler than its surrounding
for a longer period of time.

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Blender
It is an electric kitchen
or laboratory appliance
which is used to mix, make
puree, or emulsify food and
other similar substances.

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Electric Can Opener
It is a very useful device
used in opening canned
goods with ease, accuracy
and safety.

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Knife
This is a cutting tool with
an exposed cutting sharp
edge used to cut or slice
vegetables, fruits, meat and
other kinds of food.

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Kitchen Shears
These are useful in
opening food packages,
cutting tape or packed
foods, or removing tags or
labels from items.

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Chopping Board
This is used for cutting or
chopping meat or
vegetables and is made of
flat, wooden or plastic
board.

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Ladle Food Tong Peeler
Vacuum Cleaner
Microwave Oven Dryer

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Broom Clothes Hanger Dishwasher
Duster
Dust Pan

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Lesson 2: Performing Calculations
You will learn how to make calculations related to the
administration of medicine to patients in this lesson. You
can't afford to make mistakes here because it might be
the difference between life and death for a patient.

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Performing Calculations
It is not sufficient for a caregiver to recognize all of the instruments and
materials used in caregiving. He or she must also learn how to give
medications to the patient. It is critical that the patient get the correct
dosage of medicine. This is a significant factor in the sick person's quick
recovery. When it comes to administering medicine, conversion from one
unit to another must be part of the caregiver's understanding.

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UNIT OF
MEASUREMENT
APPROXIMATE
EQUIVALENT (S)
1 teaspoon 1 teaspoon = 60 drops
1 teaspoon = 5 mL
1 tablespoon 1 tablespoon = 3
teaspoons
1 tablespoon = 15 mL
1 fluid ounce 1 fluid ounce = 2
tablespoons
1 fluid ounce = 30 mL
1 ounce (weight) 16 ounces = 1 pound
1 ounce 30 g
UNIT OF
MEASUREMENT
APPROXIMATE
EQUIVALENT (S)
1 cup 8 ounces
1 cup = 16 tablespoons
1 cup = 240 mL
1 pint 1 pint = 2 cups
1 pint = 4 cups
1 quart 1 quart = 2 pints
1 quart = 4 cups
1 gallon 1 gallon = 4 quarts
1 gallon = 8 pints
1 gallon = 3,785 Ml
1 pound 1 pound = 16 ounces
1 pound = 480 grams

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Calculating pediatric dosages for oral drugs
This is where you'll start using the information from the previous lesson to
figure out how much medicine to give the patient. Always follow your
doctor's orders and drug labels, as well as the techniques for converting
quantities from one unit to another. If you're unsure about a task, always
seek help from someone who is more senior to you. Keep in mind that
children are not the same as adults when dealing with pediatric patients.
A youngster could be harmed if the dosage is incorrect.

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Cup advisable for children
Dropper used for infant
syringe used for infant
spoon with hollow handle used for toddlers
Tools used in giving out pediatric oral drugs

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Occupational health and safety refers to the promotion and
maintenance of worker well-being in all professions. This is to
ensure a safe working environment in order to establish a
workplace free of injuries and a healthy environment that
protects all employees from illness. Coworkers, family
members, clients, and other members of the community who
are affected by the employment environment may benefit from
these healthy and safety behaviors.

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Lesson 3: Occupational Health and
Safety Procedures

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Hazards and Risks
Any source of possible damage, harm, or adverse health
effects on something or someone is a danger. A hazard is
defined as the possibility of harm or an adverse impact (for
example, to people as health effects, to organizations as
property or equipment losses, or to the environment).

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Types of Hazards
1. Biological hazards
If the caregiver works with animals,
people, or infectious materials, he or
she may be exposed to this form of
risk. Biological dangers can be found
in day care facilities, hospitals, hotel
laundry, nursing homes, and
laboratories.

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2. Chemical hazards
A chemical danger exists when a
worker or caregiver is exposed to any
chemical preparation in the
workplace. Some chemicals may be
safe, but some caregivers are allergic
to solutions that might cause skin
irritation, sickness, or breathing
difficulties. Lung disorders, breathing
difficulties, and allergies can all be
caused by chemical dangers.

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3. Physical hazards
These are the most common
workplace incidents, and they are
usually easy to spot. However,
most of the time, this form of
danger is overlooked due to a lack
of awareness among those who do
not consider conditions to be
dangerous.

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4. Ergonomic hazards
When the nature of a caregiver's work, body position, and working conditions exert
pressure on his or her body, this occurs. Caregivers aren't always aware of the
effects of these dangers on their health. It might just be sore muscles at first, but
long-term exposure to this type of threat can lead to musculoskeletal issues.

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5. Psychological hazards
Psychological dangers arise when a caregiver's work environment becomes
unpleasant or demanding. Caregivers may experience melancholy, anxiety, a loss of
confidence, a lack of concentration at work, and a decline in their work performance.

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Recognizing Hazards and Risks in the
Workplace
Caregivers need to know whether their workplace has any
health and safety issues. Hazards and dangers differ from one
work environment to the next. Work routines may be the same,
but hazards will vary depending on the type of building
businesses, caregivers', clients', or employers' attitudes. Risks
and hazards can be avoided, but caregivers must be able to
recognize them in the workplace.

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Thank You!