cARE FOR OLD AGE ANP SEMINAR anp.pptx

1. Who is old ?

2. Older adulthood begins at about age 65 and
continuous until death, a possible span of 40
years or more. Older adulthood is possible to
divide into the young old and the old-old
adults. The term frail elderly refers to those
older than 75 years of age with health
concern centenarians are those older than
100 year of age

3. Wellness health promotion and
disease prevention
 The compelling holistic movement of our times is
changing our understanding of health to comprise a
broader definition of wellness than the mere absence
of disease .wellness is based on a belief that each
person has an optimal level of function and that even
in chronic illness and dying some levels of well being
in attainable. Wellnes involve acheving a balance
between an individual emotional , spiritual , social ,
cutural and physical state

4. Stresses of caregiving :older people receiving care may recent
being burden feel anger and frusteration in relinquishing roles or
become demanding in an attempt to regain control care givers
often experience role overload finding them seles pulled in many
direction . There simply may not be enough time to meetall
demand

5. Loss grif and depression :
significant psychosocial changes
experienced by older adults
typically include personal, social
and ecnomical losses. There are
role change s and retirement and
loss of significant others

6. End of life care: the nurse working with older
adults is responsible for healping the entaire
health care team meet the physical , spiritual ,
psychosocial needs of dying patients or resident.
Caring for the families is an important part of this
care knwledge about apersons culture and
religious belief helps the team provide
compassionate care

7. Numerous physiological changes occur in all body system during the natural
ageing process strong evidence cites dis use caused by inactivity as the most
important contributer to declining physical mobility and function . Positive life
style modifications including physical activity proper nutrition help to
optimize physical abilities and promote healthear aging . The degree and rate at
which changesoccur very amon individuals ,systems, and organ ,as does a
persons ability to compansate

8. System wise age realated
nursing concerns

9. Aging skin is dry and thin and losses tone and
elastisity and with less fat under the skin , wrinkles
becomes apparent

10. Moles: most moles are bening
however , sun related to skin
changes including precancerous
actinic keratoes basal cell or
squamous cell carcinoma or
malignent melanoma some time
develop on sun exposed have
dermatologist examine any
suspecious lesion

11. Nail abnormalities : bilateral clubbing
indicate possible pulmonary or cardiac
disease yellowing indicates possible
fungal nfection splintering indicates
possible malnutrion and pitting some
times signals periferal vascular disease,
psoriasis , dibetes mellitus or syphilis

12. Pressure ulcer: pressure ulcer are
significant risk for older adults and patient
with chronic disease . The best way to
prevent pressure pointsby repositioning
atleast every 2 hours , urine drainage ,or
fecal material left in contact with the skin
even or a short period will potentially
cause it to become impaired . Remove
urine drainage or fecal material and wash
the skin rinse it with clear water and pat it
dry

13. Good nutrion essential for health function and quality
of life unfavorable outcome result from either under
nutriyion or over nutrition

14. Obesity :obesity prudent for older
adults the reduction in calories
older adult need to consume
quality food such as grain,
vegitables, and friuts which contain
vitamin, minerals , roughage and
fiber to meet their daily needs with
out large amount of suger and fat

15. Fluid and dehydration: fluids are necessary for the
body to function and remove wast product of
metabolism. It is important for an older person to have
a minimum of 1500mlof fluid daily. Older adults some
time also decrease fluid intake in order to control
incntinence or due to chf. The most appropriate
intervention are to make fluid readily available and
toilet facilities more easily accessible and those with
severe impairement often need to be assisted to drink
fluids

16. Oral hygiene: missing teeath make chewing
difficult and tring loose fitting dentures also tend
to make chewing difficult and offen allow food
under denture . Recommented mouth care for
older adult consist of thrugh clensing of the
entire mouth a soft bristled tooth brush or foam-
stick-applicator in the early morning and at
bedtime mouth care is also important when an
older adult has dentures

17. Loss of appetite: older adults frequently experiences a
loss of appetite changes in tast as aresult of decreased
saliva production and decresed no .of taste buds some
times make food un appealing . Decresed gastiric
motility occur becouse of loss of muscles in the
stomach . Intervention that are usually appropriate
because of less taste or interast in food might include
preparing the food using colour and garnshes , using
attractive dishes and table settings with good lighting
and bright colours

18. stomach becomes less efficient
allowing food and digestive
enzymes to flow back in to the
esophagus symptoms include
heartburn sourstomach and
regurgitation of sour, bitter
material . It is possible to control
reflux by eating small meals
avoiding eating before bed time
and elevating the head of the bed

19. Food tolerance: lactose primerly found in milk is a
common source of food intolerance . Diary
products are an important source of calcium.
Whoch needed to prevent osteoporosis in older
adults . Lactose intolerance individuals need to
replace milk with cheese and yogert which is
processed and easier to digest.

20. Dysphagiya : difficulty in
swallowing arises from many
possible causes including a strok
/other neurologic disfunction .
Interventions used for positioning ,
verbal coching which improve
ability to control swelling .

21. Failure to thrive : failure to thrive in
older adults is characterised by
refusal to eat loss of weight and
lean body mass and subsequent
malnutrition this is a complex
situation assosiated with mental
diorders such dementia and
depression as well as social
economic factors.

22. Specialized nutrional support :
apatient or resident in ability to
ingest, digest or absorb nutrients is
in some cases an indication for
enteral tube feeding . Long term
use of feeding tubes contributes to
incresed health risks and
discomfort

23. Constipation : constipation has
been brodaly defind as an
abnormally infrequent or difficult
passage of hard dry fecees nursing
intervention are to ensure
adequate fluids exercise and a diet
that contains fiber

24. Fecal incontinence :the most
common cause of incontinence in
the older adult is fecal impaction
associated with immobilization and
inadequate fiber and fluid intake a
digital rectal examination is
sometimes required to determine
the nature of the problem

25. Gastrointestinal bleeding: older
people have less protective
mucus secretion and therefore
they are more susceptable to
gastrointetinal bleeding .
Assessfor blood in the stool for
the conformation

26. Age related changes: overall kidney function decreases
with age even with decrease of 50% . The body has
adequate reserve to support normal body functions
unless kidney disease present . Bladder capacity also
decreases approximately 50%
Assess frequency, amount, odor, color and consistency of
urine

27. Cardiovasucular system
 Cardiovascular changes with ageing involve loss of
structural elastisity , decreased cardiac out put ,
increased atherosclerosis , hypertension, coronary
artery disease , periferal vascular disease , etc . Explain
the risk factors and action for reducing the risk factors

28. Respiratory system
 The tissues of the lung and bronchi less elastic and
more rigid with age . Nursing intervention is to assess
respiratory pattern effort and luing sounds

29. Musculoskeletal system
 Ther is a gradual reduction in the number and the size
of active muscle fibers and ther is decreasd muscle
tone , mass , and strength ther is an alteration in
equlibrium between bone deposition and resoption

30. Endocrine system
 The levels of hormones secreated and the response of
body tissue to hormones , especialy hypothyroidism
and diabetes mellitus , are the most common
endocirine disorders in older adults

31. Reproductive system
 The major changes in the reproductive system related
to aging are diminished levels of male and female
hormones for a men to be sexually aroused for women
menopause is marked by a decrease in hormones

32. Sensory perception
 Sensory perception sight , hearing, taste , smell, and
touch are decreased perception in increased aging .

33. Safety and security issues for older
adults

34. Finance : financial problems are
all too possible when people
have not planned carefully for
retirement

35. Housing : housing represent a certain degree of
self concept and status . It is difficult for many of
us to comprehend the insecurity that older adults
feel when moving from one site to another in
thier later years . Some older adults choose
assisted living in longterm care residence . They
require more assistence than they would receive
in an independent living environment . It is more
expensive to live assisted living

36. Falls: falls are the leading cause
of accidental death in
individuals older than the age
of 65 . Falls are possible as
aresult