CRITIQUE OF NURSING RESEARCH STUDIES by delphy.Effectiveness of video assisted structured teaching programme on postnatal exercise in terms of knowledge and attitude among postnatal mothers

1. CRITIQUE OF NURSING
RESEARCH STUDIES

2. TITLE OF THE STUDY
Effectiveness of video assisted structured teaching programme
on postnatal exercise in terms of knowledge and attitude
among postnatal mothers

3. CRITIQUE
Aspect of the report Critiquing questions
Title Is the title a good one,
succinctly suggesting
key variables and the
study population?
The title is a good one,
that clearly defined
key variables and the
study population

4. Abstract Does the abstract
clearly and concisely
summarize the main
features of the report
(problem, methods
,results conclusion)
The abstract clearly
and concisely
summarized regarding
the problem , methods,
results and conclusion.

5. Statement of the Problem
Effectiveness of video assisted structured teaching
programme on postnatal exercise in terms of knowledge and
attitude among postnatal mothers in selected urban area in
Bangalore.

6. Introduction-
Statement of the
problem
• The research problem is clearly stated.
• It clearly states the variables, population and
research setting under study is also included.
• The variables are expressed in measurable terms
• The type of study is also included in the statement
of a research problem.
• Whether the problem is significant and has the
potential to produce evidence to improve nursing
practice.
• Whether the purpose is clearly stated? is there a
good match between the problem and the paradigm
and the methods used.
• Is a quantitative approach appropriate?
The research problem is
clearly stated with
variables, population and
research settings.
Purpose is clearly stated.
Qualitative approach is
better than quantitative.

7. Hypotheses
• H1 - There will be significant gain in the knowledge and
attitudes and of
postnatal mother regarding postnatal exercises after
administering video assisted STP.
• H2 - There will be significant association between post test
level of
knowledge and attitudes with their demographic variables

8. Hypotheses or
research
questions
Is there a formal hypothesis? If no
hypotheses, their absence is
justified?
Are hypotheses worded properly?
Whether the hypotheses are
logically connected and are
consistent with the existing
evidence or relevant theory?
Do they state a predicted
relationship between variables?
Is it naturally flow from research
problem
There is formal
hypotheses(associative)
which is worded properly,
naturally flow from
research problem and
stated a predicted
relationship among
variables but not the type
of relationship.

9. Literature review • Is the review of literature up to
date and based on primary
sources?
• Does the review of literature
provide a sound basis for the
study?
• Does the review of literature
review provide a sound basis for
the new study?
• Does it follow a logical sequence
leading to a critical review of
supporting and conflicting work?
• Does the investigator describe
gaps in literature and support the
necessity of the present study?
It is up to date and recent
studies, and based on
primary sources.
It provide sound basis for the
study (21 literature reviews).
It follows logical sequence

10. Conceptual
/theoretical
framework
• Are the concepts adequately
defined
• Is there a conceptual or theoretical
framework
• Is it appropriate
• If not, is the absence of one
justified?
• Are measures for each of the
concepts identified and described?
Imogene King goal
attainment theory is a middle
range theory derived from
King's Conceptual System.
The Theory of Goal
Attainment focuses on the
interactions between postnatal
mothers for
enhancement of knowledge and
attitude regarding Postnatal
exercise.
The model focuses on
interpersonal relationship between
the researcher and postnatal
mothers. The theory explains
that factors which can affect
the attainment of goals are
knowledge and attitudes
with their demographic

11. Protection of
human rights
 Were approximate procedures
used to safeguard the rights of
study participants
 Was the study externally
reviewed by an IRB/ethics
review board
 Was the study designed to
minimize risks and maximize
benefits to participants
Informed consent taken
from the participants
Ethical clearance for the
study obtained and
permission for conducting
study was obtained from
particular authority

12. Methods
Research design
 Was the most rigorous possible
design used, given the study
purpose?
 Were appropriate comparisons
made to enhance interpretability
of the findings?
 Was the number of data
collection points appropriate?
 Did the design minimize biases
and threats to the internal
construct and external validity
of the study?
Pre experimental
one group pre test-
post test design is used.
In one group pre test post
test design, the group is
observed before and
after the independent
variable is introduced.

13. Population and
sample
 Is the population described? Is
the sample described in
sufficient detail?
 Was the best possible Sampling
design used to enhance the
sample’s representativeness?
 Were sampling biases
minimized?
 Was the sample size adequate?
 Was a power analysis used to
estimate sample size needs?
Sampling technique-
Convenience sampling
Sample size-50 critical
care nurses.
Sampling bias are
minimised by inclusion
and exclusion criteria.
Sample size is calculated
by n= [ (Z1-α/2)² × S² ]
d²

14. Data collection and
measurement
 Are the operational and
conceptual definitions congruent?
 Were the key variables
operationalized using the best
possible method . (interview
,observation and so on )are
specific instruments adequately
described?
 Are reliability and validity of
instrument adequate
 Does the report provide evidence
that the data collection methods
yielded data that were reliable and
valid?
Operational and conceptual
definitions are congruent.
Reliability and validity of
the instrument is adequate as
the reliability measured by
spilt half method using
Spearman Brown Prophecy
formula (r= 2r/1+r).
Value of r was 0.93 and it
was found to be highly
reliable.

15. Procedures  Is there was an intervention, is
it adequately described
 Did participants allocated to
the intervention group
adequately actually receive it?
 Is there evidence of
intervention fidelity?
 Were data collected in a
manner that minimized bias?
 Was the staff that collected the
data appropriately trained?
It was a quasi-
experimental study.

16. Results
Data analysis
 Were analysis undertaken to address
each question or test each hypotheses
 Were appropriate statistical methods
used, given the level of measurement
of the variables, number of groups
being compared and assumptions of
the tests?
 Was the most powerful analytic
method used?
 Were type I and Type II errors
avoided or minimized
 Were problems of missing values
evaluated and adequately addressed?
Each hypotheses is tested by
appropriate statistical methods(
Chi square and Paired t-test)
type I and type II errors are
avoided.

17. Findings  Is information about statistical
significance presented?
 Is information about
confidence interval presented
 Are the findings adequately
summarized with good use of
tables and figures?
 Are findings reported in a
manner that facilitates a meta
analysis and with sufficient
information needed for EBP
Information about
statistical significance
presented and were
summarized with good
use of tables and figures.
Results were reported in
a manner that helps meta
analysis later.

18. Discussion
Interpretation of the
findings
 Are all major findings interpreted
and discussed within the context
of prior research /or the study’s
conceptual framework?
 Are interpretations well-founded
and consistent with the study’s
limitations
 Does the report address the issue
of the generatability of the
findings?
 Are study limitations identified?
 Are results described in light of
theoretical framework and
supporting literature?
There was proper
interpretation of findings

19. Implications  Do the implications discuss the
interpretations of the study for
clinical practice and further
research----and are those
implications reasonable and
complete?
The implications
discussed the
interpretations of the
study for clinical practice
for nurses

20. Global issues
presentation
 Is the report well written
,organized and sufficiently
detailed for clinical analysis
 In interventional studies is a
CONSORT flow chart provided
to flow of participants in the
study?
 Is the report written in a
manner that makes the findings
accessible to practicing nurses?
The report was written in
a manner that makes the
findings accessible to
practicing nurses.

21. Credibility of
researcher
 Do the researcher’s clinical
substantive or methodological
qualifications and experience
enhance confidence in the
findings and their
interpretations.
The researcher’s
experience enhance
confidence in the findings
and their interpretations
as the researcher have
clinical experience in
obstetrics.

22. Summary
Assessment
 Despite any limitations do the
study findings appear to be
valid –do you have confidence
in the truth value of the results.
 Does the study contribute any
meaningful evidence that can
be used in nursing practice or
that is useful to the nursing
practice?
The study findings appear
to be valid and had
contributed to make a
change in the postnatal
mothers by providing
improvement in
attitude of the
mothers significantly
improved.