SlideShare a Scribd company logo
Cancer society decries drug shortage
        -   Gerald Youngster
It is unacceptable that some cancer patients can’t
readily get the drugs they need because of supply
problems, the Canadian Cancer Society says.

The society is hearing from worried patients and
doctors across the country, said Dan Demers, the
group's director of public issues.

"We shouldn't have to wait for a crisis to respond," said
Demers.
The cancer society urged the federal government to:
Ensure there is mandatory listing of unavailable drugs by drug manufacturer.

Develop early warning systems to identify potential drug shortages.
Put systems in place to prevent shortages from escalating.
Work with other jurisdictions to investigate the root causes of the shortages and act to prevent
them where possible.

Canada's supply of injectable drugs such as painkillers, antibiotics and anesthetics became more
precarious following a fire in the boiler room at Sandoz Canada's plant in Boucherville, Que.

"Production has resumed in the portion of the plant that was not directly affected by the
incident, which took place on March 4," the company said in a email to CBC News on Monday.
"Our objective is to restore previous levels of supply as soon as possible, and we will make every
effort to meet medical needs, while ensuring consistent high quality standards."
Rationing supplies
The company was unable to quantify how much more capacity it now
has.

Anthony Dale, vice-president of policy and public affairs at the
Ontario Hospital Association in Toronto, called it "outrageous" that
one company could have this kind of effect on drug supplies.

Dale also called for a national strategy, noting hospitals are taking
inventory of their supplies and trying to share and to compound or
carefully mix drugs from raw ingredients under sterile conditions.
Hospitals and drug purchasers have been holding daily conference calls to
mitigate shortages. Doctors are carefully selecting patients who can swallow to
give them oral forms of the medications, said Myrella Roy, executive director
of the Canadian Society of Hospital Pharmacists in Ottawa.

Last week, officials with Alberta Health Services asked doctors to conserve
injectable medications. Cancer patients were asked to get oral anti-nausea
medications instead of injections before chemotherapy treatment.

In mid-February, Sandoz informed hospitals and other health-care clients that
it was partially closing its plant in Boucherville while it improved its process to
meet U.S. safety standards, the Canadian Anesthesiologists' Society said in a
news release.
The company told the anesthesiologists group that
dozens of critical medications will no longer be
manufactured while others will be available on
"allocation" based upon previous usage, a
manufacturing and delivery situation that could last
12 to 18 months, the group said in their release.
Health Canada said last week it is working to identify
alternate sources of supply and expedite approvals for
any drug companies that meet Canadian standards for
safety and effectiveness.
                                                    s
                                                    s

More Related Content

Similar to Cancer society decries drug shortage

FDA Promotes Transparency, Collaboration for 2018
FDA Promotes Transparency, Collaboration for 2018FDA Promotes Transparency, Collaboration for 2018
FDA Promotes Transparency, Collaboration for 2018
Georgia_Bull
 
GPhA Labeling Rule
GPhA Labeling RuleGPhA Labeling Rule
GPhA Labeling Rule
David Hood
 
Directed Project
Directed ProjectDirected Project
Directed Project
Krishna Yanamandra
 
Pharma Uptoday - Monthly magazine; Volume 17, Issue Aug 2015
Pharma Uptoday - Monthly magazine; Volume 17, Issue Aug 2015Pharma Uptoday - Monthly magazine; Volume 17, Issue Aug 2015
Pharma Uptoday - Monthly magazine; Volume 17, Issue Aug 2015
Sathish Vemula
 
Untitled document (2).docx
Untitled document (2).docxUntitled document (2).docx
Untitled document (2).docx
ssuser2641781
 
Accountability in Healthcare: Collaboration and Analytics are Key
Accountability in Healthcare: Collaboration and Analytics are KeyAccountability in Healthcare: Collaboration and Analytics are Key
Accountability in Healthcare: Collaboration and Analytics are Key
Bukmarker
 
Life Sciences Report
Life Sciences ReportLife Sciences Report
Life Sciences Report
Blake, Cassels & Graydon LLP
 
The Spiraling Cost of Specialty Drugs
The Spiraling Cost of Specialty DrugsThe Spiraling Cost of Specialty Drugs
The Spiraling Cost of Specialty Drugs
WellDyne
 
Monthly Magazine - Pharma Uptoday Volume 9, Issue Dec 2014
Monthly Magazine - Pharma Uptoday Volume 9, Issue Dec 2014Monthly Magazine - Pharma Uptoday Volume 9, Issue Dec 2014
Monthly Magazine - Pharma Uptoday Volume 9, Issue Dec 2014
Sathish Vemula
 
"Problems with importing medicine from Canada" - webinar slides
"Problems with importing medicine from Canada" - webinar slides"Problems with importing medicine from Canada" - webinar slides
"Problems with importing medicine from Canada" - webinar slides
The Partnership For Safe Medicines
 
Lawmakers call on nih to reduce price of cancer drug by Floyd Arthur (PPT)
Lawmakers call on nih to reduce price of cancer drug by Floyd Arthur (PPT)Lawmakers call on nih to reduce price of cancer drug by Floyd Arthur (PPT)
Lawmakers call on nih to reduce price of cancer drug by Floyd Arthur (PPT)
Floyd Arthur
 
Ethical Behaviour
Ethical BehaviourEthical Behaviour
Ethical Behaviour
Abhi RG , CSCP
 
WashingtonPost WhatiftheCureisAlsoaCause 15Feb2005
WashingtonPost WhatiftheCureisAlsoaCause 15Feb2005WashingtonPost WhatiftheCureisAlsoaCause 15Feb2005
WashingtonPost WhatiftheCureisAlsoaCause 15Feb2005
Maggie Chamberlin Holben, APR
 
Pharma Uptoday Monthly Magazine Volume 8 issue Nov 2014
Pharma Uptoday Monthly Magazine Volume 8 issue Nov 2014Pharma Uptoday Monthly Magazine Volume 8 issue Nov 2014
Pharma Uptoday Monthly Magazine Volume 8 issue Nov 2014
Sathish Vemula
 
ASCP Commends CMS Decision on Medicare's Six Protected Classes
ASCP Commends CMS Decision on Medicare's Six Protected ClassesASCP Commends CMS Decision on Medicare's Six Protected Classes
ASCP Commends CMS Decision on Medicare's Six Protected Classes
Travis Leonardi
 
Drug Discovery, Development and Commercialization
Drug Discovery, Development and CommercializationDrug Discovery, Development and Commercialization
Drug Discovery, Development and Commercialization
Bashant Kumar sah
 
washingtonpost.com  Health
washingtonpost.com  Healthwashingtonpost.com  Health
washingtonpost.com  Health
tidwellerin392
 
http___www.bizjournals
http___www.bizjournalshttp___www.bizjournals
http___www.bizjournals
Dr Siddharth Dutta
 
What is FDA?
What is FDA?What is FDA?
What is FDA?
Pharmaguideline
 
10 health stories that mattered early
10 health stories that mattered early10 health stories that mattered early
10 health stories that mattered early
Malik Azis
 

Similar to Cancer society decries drug shortage (20)

FDA Promotes Transparency, Collaboration for 2018
FDA Promotes Transparency, Collaboration for 2018FDA Promotes Transparency, Collaboration for 2018
FDA Promotes Transparency, Collaboration for 2018
 
GPhA Labeling Rule
GPhA Labeling RuleGPhA Labeling Rule
GPhA Labeling Rule
 
Directed Project
Directed ProjectDirected Project
Directed Project
 
Pharma Uptoday - Monthly magazine; Volume 17, Issue Aug 2015
Pharma Uptoday - Monthly magazine; Volume 17, Issue Aug 2015Pharma Uptoday - Monthly magazine; Volume 17, Issue Aug 2015
Pharma Uptoday - Monthly magazine; Volume 17, Issue Aug 2015
 
Untitled document (2).docx
Untitled document (2).docxUntitled document (2).docx
Untitled document (2).docx
 
Accountability in Healthcare: Collaboration and Analytics are Key
Accountability in Healthcare: Collaboration and Analytics are KeyAccountability in Healthcare: Collaboration and Analytics are Key
Accountability in Healthcare: Collaboration and Analytics are Key
 
Life Sciences Report
Life Sciences ReportLife Sciences Report
Life Sciences Report
 
The Spiraling Cost of Specialty Drugs
The Spiraling Cost of Specialty DrugsThe Spiraling Cost of Specialty Drugs
The Spiraling Cost of Specialty Drugs
 
Monthly Magazine - Pharma Uptoday Volume 9, Issue Dec 2014
Monthly Magazine - Pharma Uptoday Volume 9, Issue Dec 2014Monthly Magazine - Pharma Uptoday Volume 9, Issue Dec 2014
Monthly Magazine - Pharma Uptoday Volume 9, Issue Dec 2014
 
"Problems with importing medicine from Canada" - webinar slides
"Problems with importing medicine from Canada" - webinar slides"Problems with importing medicine from Canada" - webinar slides
"Problems with importing medicine from Canada" - webinar slides
 
Lawmakers call on nih to reduce price of cancer drug by Floyd Arthur (PPT)
Lawmakers call on nih to reduce price of cancer drug by Floyd Arthur (PPT)Lawmakers call on nih to reduce price of cancer drug by Floyd Arthur (PPT)
Lawmakers call on nih to reduce price of cancer drug by Floyd Arthur (PPT)
 
Ethical Behaviour
Ethical BehaviourEthical Behaviour
Ethical Behaviour
 
WashingtonPost WhatiftheCureisAlsoaCause 15Feb2005
WashingtonPost WhatiftheCureisAlsoaCause 15Feb2005WashingtonPost WhatiftheCureisAlsoaCause 15Feb2005
WashingtonPost WhatiftheCureisAlsoaCause 15Feb2005
 
Pharma Uptoday Monthly Magazine Volume 8 issue Nov 2014
Pharma Uptoday Monthly Magazine Volume 8 issue Nov 2014Pharma Uptoday Monthly Magazine Volume 8 issue Nov 2014
Pharma Uptoday Monthly Magazine Volume 8 issue Nov 2014
 
ASCP Commends CMS Decision on Medicare's Six Protected Classes
ASCP Commends CMS Decision on Medicare's Six Protected ClassesASCP Commends CMS Decision on Medicare's Six Protected Classes
ASCP Commends CMS Decision on Medicare's Six Protected Classes
 
Drug Discovery, Development and Commercialization
Drug Discovery, Development and CommercializationDrug Discovery, Development and Commercialization
Drug Discovery, Development and Commercialization
 
washingtonpost.com  Health
washingtonpost.com  Healthwashingtonpost.com  Health
washingtonpost.com  Health
 
http___www.bizjournals
http___www.bizjournalshttp___www.bizjournals
http___www.bizjournals
 
What is FDA?
What is FDA?What is FDA?
What is FDA?
 
10 health stories that mattered early
10 health stories that mattered early10 health stories that mattered early
10 health stories that mattered early
 

Recently uploaded

Post-Menstrual Smell- When to Suspect Vaginitis.pptx
Post-Menstrual Smell- When to Suspect Vaginitis.pptxPost-Menstrual Smell- When to Suspect Vaginitis.pptx
Post-Menstrual Smell- When to Suspect Vaginitis.pptx
FFragrant
 
Efficacy of Avartana Sneha in Ayurveda
Efficacy of Avartana Sneha in AyurvedaEfficacy of Avartana Sneha in Ayurveda
Efficacy of Avartana Sneha in Ayurveda
Dr. Jyothirmai Paindla
 
Netter's Atlas of Human Anatomy 7.ed.pdf
Netter's Atlas of Human Anatomy 7.ed.pdfNetter's Atlas of Human Anatomy 7.ed.pdf
Netter's Atlas of Human Anatomy 7.ed.pdf
BrissaOrtiz3
 
Chapter 11 Nutrition and Chronic Diseases.pptx
Chapter 11 Nutrition and Chronic Diseases.pptxChapter 11 Nutrition and Chronic Diseases.pptx
Chapter 11 Nutrition and Chronic Diseases.pptx
Earlene McNair
 
Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central
Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa CentralClinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central
Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central
19various
 
A Classical Text Review on Basavarajeeyam
A Classical Text Review on BasavarajeeyamA Classical Text Review on Basavarajeeyam
A Classical Text Review on Basavarajeeyam
Dr. Jyothirmai Paindla
 
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotes
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPromoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotes
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotes
PsychoTech Services
 
Muscles of Mastication by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Muscles of Mastication by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptxMuscles of Mastication by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Muscles of Mastication by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore
 
CBL Seminar 2024_Preliminary Program.pdf
CBL Seminar 2024_Preliminary Program.pdfCBL Seminar 2024_Preliminary Program.pdf
CBL Seminar 2024_Preliminary Program.pdf
suvadeepdas911
 
Aortic Association CBL Pilot April 19 – 20 Bern
Aortic Association CBL Pilot April 19 – 20 BernAortic Association CBL Pilot April 19 – 20 Bern
Aortic Association CBL Pilot April 19 – 20 Bern
suvadeepdas911
 
The Best Ayurvedic Antacid Tablets in India
The Best Ayurvedic Antacid Tablets in IndiaThe Best Ayurvedic Antacid Tablets in India
The Best Ayurvedic Antacid Tablets in India
Swastik Ayurveda
 
THERAPEUTIC ANTISENSE MOLECULES .pptx
THERAPEUTIC ANTISENSE MOLECULES    .pptxTHERAPEUTIC ANTISENSE MOLECULES    .pptx
THERAPEUTIC ANTISENSE MOLECULES .pptx
70KRISHPATEL
 
Vestibulocochlear Nerve by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Vestibulocochlear Nerve by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptxVestibulocochlear Nerve by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Vestibulocochlear Nerve by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore
 
Adhd Medication Shortage Uk - trinexpharmacy.com
Adhd Medication Shortage Uk - trinexpharmacy.comAdhd Medication Shortage Uk - trinexpharmacy.com
Adhd Medication Shortage Uk - trinexpharmacy.com
reignlana06
 
CHEMOTHERAPY_RDP_CHAPTER 1_ANTI TB DRUGS.pdf
CHEMOTHERAPY_RDP_CHAPTER 1_ANTI TB DRUGS.pdfCHEMOTHERAPY_RDP_CHAPTER 1_ANTI TB DRUGS.pdf
CHEMOTHERAPY_RDP_CHAPTER 1_ANTI TB DRUGS.pdf
rishi2789
 
Artificial Intelligence Symposium (THAIS)
Artificial Intelligence Symposium (THAIS)Artificial Intelligence Symposium (THAIS)
Artificial Intelligence Symposium (THAIS)
Josep Vidal-Alaball
 
Role of Mukta Pishti in the Management of Hyperthyroidism
Role of Mukta Pishti in the Management of HyperthyroidismRole of Mukta Pishti in the Management of Hyperthyroidism
Role of Mukta Pishti in the Management of Hyperthyroidism
Dr. Jyothirmai Paindla
 
K CỔ TỬ CUNG.pdf tự ghi chép, chữ hơi xấu
K CỔ TỬ CUNG.pdf tự ghi chép, chữ hơi xấuK CỔ TỬ CUNG.pdf tự ghi chép, chữ hơi xấu
K CỔ TỬ CUNG.pdf tự ghi chép, chữ hơi xấu
HongBiThi1
 
CHEMOTHERAPY_RDP_CHAPTER 2 _LEPROSY.pdf1
CHEMOTHERAPY_RDP_CHAPTER 2 _LEPROSY.pdf1CHEMOTHERAPY_RDP_CHAPTER 2 _LEPROSY.pdf1
CHEMOTHERAPY_RDP_CHAPTER 2 _LEPROSY.pdf1
rishi2789
 
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...
Oleg Kshivets
 

Recently uploaded (20)

Post-Menstrual Smell- When to Suspect Vaginitis.pptx
Post-Menstrual Smell- When to Suspect Vaginitis.pptxPost-Menstrual Smell- When to Suspect Vaginitis.pptx
Post-Menstrual Smell- When to Suspect Vaginitis.pptx
 
Efficacy of Avartana Sneha in Ayurveda
Efficacy of Avartana Sneha in AyurvedaEfficacy of Avartana Sneha in Ayurveda
Efficacy of Avartana Sneha in Ayurveda
 
Netter's Atlas of Human Anatomy 7.ed.pdf
Netter's Atlas of Human Anatomy 7.ed.pdfNetter's Atlas of Human Anatomy 7.ed.pdf
Netter's Atlas of Human Anatomy 7.ed.pdf
 
Chapter 11 Nutrition and Chronic Diseases.pptx
Chapter 11 Nutrition and Chronic Diseases.pptxChapter 11 Nutrition and Chronic Diseases.pptx
Chapter 11 Nutrition and Chronic Diseases.pptx
 
Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central
Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa CentralClinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central
Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central
 
A Classical Text Review on Basavarajeeyam
A Classical Text Review on BasavarajeeyamA Classical Text Review on Basavarajeeyam
A Classical Text Review on Basavarajeeyam
 
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotes
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPromoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotes
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotes
 
Muscles of Mastication by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Muscles of Mastication by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptxMuscles of Mastication by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Muscles of Mastication by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
 
CBL Seminar 2024_Preliminary Program.pdf
CBL Seminar 2024_Preliminary Program.pdfCBL Seminar 2024_Preliminary Program.pdf
CBL Seminar 2024_Preliminary Program.pdf
 
Aortic Association CBL Pilot April 19 – 20 Bern
Aortic Association CBL Pilot April 19 – 20 BernAortic Association CBL Pilot April 19 – 20 Bern
Aortic Association CBL Pilot April 19 – 20 Bern
 
The Best Ayurvedic Antacid Tablets in India
The Best Ayurvedic Antacid Tablets in IndiaThe Best Ayurvedic Antacid Tablets in India
The Best Ayurvedic Antacid Tablets in India
 
THERAPEUTIC ANTISENSE MOLECULES .pptx
THERAPEUTIC ANTISENSE MOLECULES    .pptxTHERAPEUTIC ANTISENSE MOLECULES    .pptx
THERAPEUTIC ANTISENSE MOLECULES .pptx
 
Vestibulocochlear Nerve by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Vestibulocochlear Nerve by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptxVestibulocochlear Nerve by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Vestibulocochlear Nerve by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
 
Adhd Medication Shortage Uk - trinexpharmacy.com
Adhd Medication Shortage Uk - trinexpharmacy.comAdhd Medication Shortage Uk - trinexpharmacy.com
Adhd Medication Shortage Uk - trinexpharmacy.com
 
CHEMOTHERAPY_RDP_CHAPTER 1_ANTI TB DRUGS.pdf
CHEMOTHERAPY_RDP_CHAPTER 1_ANTI TB DRUGS.pdfCHEMOTHERAPY_RDP_CHAPTER 1_ANTI TB DRUGS.pdf
CHEMOTHERAPY_RDP_CHAPTER 1_ANTI TB DRUGS.pdf
 
Artificial Intelligence Symposium (THAIS)
Artificial Intelligence Symposium (THAIS)Artificial Intelligence Symposium (THAIS)
Artificial Intelligence Symposium (THAIS)
 
Role of Mukta Pishti in the Management of Hyperthyroidism
Role of Mukta Pishti in the Management of HyperthyroidismRole of Mukta Pishti in the Management of Hyperthyroidism
Role of Mukta Pishti in the Management of Hyperthyroidism
 
K CỔ TỬ CUNG.pdf tự ghi chép, chữ hơi xấu
K CỔ TỬ CUNG.pdf tự ghi chép, chữ hơi xấuK CỔ TỬ CUNG.pdf tự ghi chép, chữ hơi xấu
K CỔ TỬ CUNG.pdf tự ghi chép, chữ hơi xấu
 
CHEMOTHERAPY_RDP_CHAPTER 2 _LEPROSY.pdf1
CHEMOTHERAPY_RDP_CHAPTER 2 _LEPROSY.pdf1CHEMOTHERAPY_RDP_CHAPTER 2 _LEPROSY.pdf1
CHEMOTHERAPY_RDP_CHAPTER 2 _LEPROSY.pdf1
 
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...
 

Cancer society decries drug shortage

  • 1. Cancer society decries drug shortage - Gerald Youngster
  • 2. It is unacceptable that some cancer patients can’t readily get the drugs they need because of supply problems, the Canadian Cancer Society says. The society is hearing from worried patients and doctors across the country, said Dan Demers, the group's director of public issues. "We shouldn't have to wait for a crisis to respond," said Demers.
  • 3. The cancer society urged the federal government to: Ensure there is mandatory listing of unavailable drugs by drug manufacturer. Develop early warning systems to identify potential drug shortages. Put systems in place to prevent shortages from escalating. Work with other jurisdictions to investigate the root causes of the shortages and act to prevent them where possible. Canada's supply of injectable drugs such as painkillers, antibiotics and anesthetics became more precarious following a fire in the boiler room at Sandoz Canada's plant in Boucherville, Que. "Production has resumed in the portion of the plant that was not directly affected by the incident, which took place on March 4," the company said in a email to CBC News on Monday. "Our objective is to restore previous levels of supply as soon as possible, and we will make every effort to meet medical needs, while ensuring consistent high quality standards."
  • 4. Rationing supplies The company was unable to quantify how much more capacity it now has. Anthony Dale, vice-president of policy and public affairs at the Ontario Hospital Association in Toronto, called it "outrageous" that one company could have this kind of effect on drug supplies. Dale also called for a national strategy, noting hospitals are taking inventory of their supplies and trying to share and to compound or carefully mix drugs from raw ingredients under sterile conditions.
  • 5. Hospitals and drug purchasers have been holding daily conference calls to mitigate shortages. Doctors are carefully selecting patients who can swallow to give them oral forms of the medications, said Myrella Roy, executive director of the Canadian Society of Hospital Pharmacists in Ottawa. Last week, officials with Alberta Health Services asked doctors to conserve injectable medications. Cancer patients were asked to get oral anti-nausea medications instead of injections before chemotherapy treatment. In mid-February, Sandoz informed hospitals and other health-care clients that it was partially closing its plant in Boucherville while it improved its process to meet U.S. safety standards, the Canadian Anesthesiologists' Society said in a news release.
  • 6. The company told the anesthesiologists group that dozens of critical medications will no longer be manufactured while others will be available on "allocation" based upon previous usage, a manufacturing and delivery situation that could last 12 to 18 months, the group said in their release. Health Canada said last week it is working to identify alternate sources of supply and expedite approvals for any drug companies that meet Canadian standards for safety and effectiveness. s s