This document summarizes the results of a spatial modeling study of Canada's national infrastructure as it relates to exploration and mining projects. The study analyzed relationships between mineral deposits and infrastructure factors like ports, airports, terrain, and population density. It produced outcomes like a remoteness map and cost maps showing estimated increases in CAPEX and OPEX for deposits in more remote areas. The analysis identified major undeveloped precious metal and other metal deposits that could potentially share infrastructure to be unlocked.

1. CANADA NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE
STUDY SPATIAL MODELLING
Charlene Wildman
charlene@kenex.co.nz
ww.kenex.co.nz

2. Project Scope
National
infrastructure study
for PDAC
Unlock
exploration and
mining projects
Analyse
relationships
with deposits
Calculate the
costs associated
with
remoteness
Identify areas
with
infrastructure
deficit

3. Outcomes
Remoteness
map
Database of
mineral
deposits Heat maps of
associated costs

4. Undeveloped deposits
% Undeveloped deposits
30%
85%

5. Infrastructure
Ports &
Airports
Permafrost
Elevation &
Terrain
Population
Density
Remoteness Map
Highly Remote
Not Remote
Remoteness Index
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!( Precious Metals, Giant
!( Precious Metals, Major
!( Precious Metals, Moderate
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Precious Metals, Minor
!( Base Metals, Giant
!( Base Metals,Major
!( Base Metals,Moderate
!(
Base Metals,Minor
!( Bulk Minerals & Other, Giant
!( Bulk Minerals & Other, Major
!( Bulk Minerals & Other, Moderate
!(
Bulk Minerals & Other, Minor

6. Cost maps
Major
Moderate
Minor
Precious Minerals
Base Metals
Major
Moderate
Minor

7. Remoteness impact on CAPEX
Power
Terrain
Towns
Ports
Airports
Roads
Increase in CAPEX costs for moderate
precious metal deposits
10%
11 - 20%
21 - 30%
31 - 40%
41 - 50%
51 - 60%
61 - 70%
71 - 80%
81 - 90%
91 - 100%
101 - 170%
Provinces

8. Remoteness impact on OPEX
Inbound
Costs
Outbound
Costs
Road
Maintenance
Power -
Diesel
FIFO
Increase in OPEX costs for moderate
precious metal deposits
10%
11 - 20%
21 - 30%
31 - 40%
41 - 50%
51 - 60%
61 - 70%
71 - 80%
81 - 90%
91 - 100%
101 - 170%
Provinces

9. Increase in costs based on remoteness
Increase in costs for moderate
precious metal deposits
10%
11 - 20%
21 - 30%
31 - 40%
41 - 50%
51 - 60%
61 - 70%
71 - 80%
81 - 90%
91 - 100%
101 - 170%
Provinces

10. Minor
Increase in costs for
precious metal deposits
10%
11 - 20%
21 - 30%
31 - 40%
41 - 50%
51 - 60%
61 - 70%
71 - 80%
81 - 90%
91 - 100%
101 - 170%
Major
Moderate
Precious Minerals

11. Minor
Increase in costs for
base metal deposits
10%
11 - 20%
21 - 30%
31 - 40%
41 - 50%
51 - 60%
61 - 70%
71 - 80%
81 - 90%
91 - 100%
101 - 170%
Major
Moderate
Base Metals

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Precious Metal Deposits
!( Major, UNDEVELOPED
Provinces
Increase in costs for
precious metal deposits
10%
11 - 20%
21 - 30%
31 - 40%
41 - 50%
51 - 60%
61 - 70%
71 - 80%
81 - 90%
91 - 100%
101 - 170%
³
0 1,000 2,000 3,000
Kilometres
Major Undeveloped Precious Metals
Potential areas of
opportunity for sharing
infrastructure

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0 1,000 2,000 3,000
Kilometres
Provinces
Increase in costs for
precious metal deposits
10%
11 - 20%
21 - 30%
31 - 40%
41 - 50%
51 - 60%
61 - 70%
71 - 80%
81 - 90%
91 - 100%
101 - 170%
!( Major, Undeveloped Other Metals
!( Major, Undeveloped Precious Metals
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Major Undeveloped Other Metals
Unlocking precious
metals would also
unlock other metals
Additional areas exist
for other commodities

14. www.kenex.co.nz
Thanks
• Elisa Puccioni – Kenex Ltd
• Michelle Stokes – Kenex Ltd
• Richard Schodde – MinEx Consulting