can be prevented by avoiding rodent habitats and reducing rodent populations in human dwellings. can be prevented through avoiding tick habitats, using tick repellants, removing ticks before they become embedded, and using post-exposure antibiotic treatment. can be prevented through toxoid vaccination or, if symptomatic, can be treated with antibiotics and an antitoxin. can be prevented through vaccination or immediate post-exposure prophylactic treatment following a mammal bite. can be prevented with a vaccine for those at highest risk (such as military personnel who may be exposed through bioterrorism). can be prevented by vaccination before traveling to areas in which it is endemic and by avoiding mosquito bites..