This document summarizes several aspects of Spanish intangible culture, including traditions, beliefs, and values. It describes the tradition of the siesta, or short afternoon rest after lunch. It also discusses bullfighting as a spectacle involving a bullfighter baiting and usually killing a bull. Some Spaniards oppose bullfighting on ethical grounds. Cider drinking is described as an important tradition in northern Spain, often done communally. Religious beliefs are reflected in sayings and place names. Making a pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela is also discussed. Family is presented as central to teaching Spanish values. Regional pride and folktales are highlighted as part of Spanish cultural identity and heritage. Key values mentioned include
Cultural heritage includes tangible artifacts of the past like buildings, objects, and works of art as well as intangible aspects like traditions, language, and knowledge that are passed down between generations. The document provides examples of tangible cultural heritage in Spain such as the Alhambra palace complex, bullfighting capes, wooden clogs, Asturian pre-Romanesque churches, and famous works of art by Velázquez and Picasso. It emphasizes that cultural heritage preserves the legacy of past societies for current and future generations.
This document summarizes several aspects of Spanish intangible culture, including traditions, beliefs, and values. It describes the tradition of the siesta, or short afternoon rest after lunch. It also discusses bullfighting as a spectacle involving a bullfighter baiting and usually killing a bull. Some Spaniards oppose bullfighting on ethical grounds. Cider drinking is described as an important tradition in northern Spain, often done communally. Religious beliefs are reflected in sayings and place names. Making a pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela is also discussed. Family is presented as central to teaching Spanish values. Regional pride and folktales are highlighted as part of Spanish cultural identity and heritage. Key values mentioned include
Cultural heritage includes tangible artifacts of the past like buildings, objects, and works of art as well as intangible aspects like traditions, language, and knowledge that are passed down between generations. The document provides examples of tangible cultural heritage in Spain such as the Alhambra palace complex, bullfighting capes, wooden clogs, Asturian pre-Romanesque churches, and famous works of art by Velázquez and Picasso. It emphasizes that cultural heritage preserves the legacy of past societies for current and future generations.
El Parque Nacional de Picos de Europa se encuentra en el norte de España y contiene tres grandes masas montañosas: Central, Este y Oeste. La vida silvestre incluye el lince ibérico, el águila imperial y más de 900 especies de plantas. La mayoría de la región está protegida como parque nacional y es popular para el montañismo. El valle de Covadonga contiene la Basílica de Covadonga, donde se encuentra la cueva y la imagen de la Virgen de Covadonga.
The school year in Spain typically runs from September 10th to the third week of June. There are three types of schools: public, public-funded private, and private. Schooling is compulsory between ages 5-16 and is divided into four stages - nursery school, primary school, secondary school, and leaving years/vocational school. Subjects taught vary between primary and secondary school but generally include core subjects like Spanish, math, science, physical education, and more specialized subjects in later years. Leaving years are pre-university studies across various fields that must be completed along with a national exam before applying to university.
Romania the structure of educational systemMehmet Tokgöz
The national educational system is divided into early years education, primary education, middle school, high school, and university. Each level has its own structure, with primary education spanning classes 0-IV taught by one teacher per class and middle school covering classes V-VIII taught by specialist teachers. The school year runs from September to June and is divided into semesters with breaks for winter, spring, and summer holidays.
Education and schooling system in italyMehmet Tokgöz
The document summarizes key aspects of education and schooling in Italy. It outlines that:
- The Italian constitution guarantees free public education and makes primary school compulsory and free for all children between the ages of 6-16.
- The Ministry of Education, Universities and Research (MIUR) is responsible for administering state schools at the national level while regional and provincial offices oversee local school policy.
- The school system includes nursery, primary, lower secondary and upper secondary levels. Students sit exams to progress between levels and obtain diplomas.
- Secondary education includes various types of schools like Liceo (focused on classics, languages, sciences), Istituto Tecnico
Pre-primary education in Poland is for children ages 3-6, with 6-year-olds required to complete a 0 grade year before primary school. Primary school runs from ages 7-12, followed by lower secondary gymnasium from ages 13-16. Students can then attend either a 3-year lyceum or 4-year technical school, both ending with a maturity exam. The education system was expanded in the early 1990s to include grades 1-6, with 1 being insufficient and 6 being excellent.
The document summarizes the education system in Bulgaria. It is divided into four levels: pre-school education from ages 3-7, primary education from ages 7-14, secondary education from ages 14-19, and higher education. Primary education is completed after 8th grade, secondary education is completed after 12th grade. Higher education institutions include universities that offer degrees in fields like international tourism, law, medicine, and computer science. The academic year runs from October to May/June and is divided into semesters.
The Turkish education system has approximately 62,000 schools educating 17.2 million students. It has two main parts: formal education and non-formal education. Formal education includes pre-primary, primary, lower secondary, upper secondary, and higher education. Primary education is for ages 6-11 and is compulsory, as is lower secondary from ages 11-14. Secondary education includes both compulsory and optional high school programs. Higher education consists of 173 universities where students apply based on exam scores. The goal at all levels is to provide students with skills and knowledge to be productive citizens.
The document discusses multiculturalism and pluralism in Italy based on its constitution. It provides an overview of key articles that promote non-discrimination (Article 3), protect linguistic minorities (Article 6), recognize the independence of the Catholic Church and state (Article 7), and guarantee religious freedom (Article 8). It also discusses Italy's history of being a country of both emigration and recent immigration. Statistics are provided showing increases in the foreign national population in Italy from 2003 to 2011, with over 4.5 million foreign nationals residing there in 2011, comprising 7.5% of the total population.
Ion Creangă was a 19th century Romanian writer and schoolteacher known for works like Childhood Memories and novellas that drew on folklore. As a defrocked Orthodox priest, he had an unconventional lifestyle but made an impact as an educator and author. His literary debut came late in life after befriending poet Mihai Eminescu and joining the influential Junimea literary society, for which he helped spread cultural ideals in an accessible way. He is considered one of the most accomplished representatives of Junimist literature alongside Eminescu and Ioan Slavici.
Ivan Vazov was a Bulgarian writer known as the "Patriarch of Bulgarian literature". He came from a family that valued traditional values and was influenced by his parents and Bulgarian revolutionary movements. Some of his most famous works included "Under the Yoke", "New Country", and poems about Macedonia. Vazov made significant contributions to Bulgarian literature and used his writing to express patriotism and inspire national identity. He died at age 71 in Sofia and is remembered as one of Bulgaria's most important national poets.
The document provides an overview of prominent Italian authors and their influential literary works from antiquity to modern times. It discusses Virgil's Aeneid, considered the national epic of Rome, and how it influenced writers for over 2000 years. In the 1300s, Dante, Petrarch, and Boccaccio revolutionized literature with works like Dante's Divine Comedy that established Italian as a literary language. The document then covers notable authors like Alessandro Manzoni and his novel The Betrottoed, which was symbolic of the Italian Risorgimento. It concludes with brief biographies of Italian Nobel laureates in literature such as Pirandello, Montale, and Dario Fo, recognizing their
Miguel de Cervantes was a renowned Spanish writer known for his masterpiece Don Quixote, which established him as the greatest figure in Spanish literature. Federico García Lorca was a Spanish poet and playwright who was part of the literary movement "Generation of '27" and was famously murdered during the Spanish Civil War. Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer was an important Spanish romantic poet whose "rhymes" helped establish the foundations of modern Spanish poetry. Camilo José Cela was the fifth Spanish writer to win the Nobel Prize in Literature and the first Spanish novelist to achieve such widespread international acclaim, having excelled as a novelist, poet, writer, and author of travel books.
Aleko Konstantinov was a Bulgarian writer born in 1863 in Svishtov to an affluent merchant family. He studied with private teachers and later attended schools in Gabrovo and Nikolaev, Ukraine, eventually earning a law degree from Novorossiysky University in Odessa in 1885. After returning to Bulgaria, Konstantinov worked as a judge, prosecutor, and lawyer in Sofia. Some of his most important works included the stories "To Chicago and Back" and "Bai Ganyo." Konstantinov is known for his wise thoughts and extreme love of his motherland, and is portrayed on the Bulgarian 100 lev banknote.
Yordan Yovkov was a Bulgarian author born in 1880 in the village of Zheravna. He is best known for his books and stories including "Balkan Legends", "Evenings in the Antimovo inn", and "Shibil". Yovkov received his primary education in Zheravna and studied at the First Sofia Men's High School. He spent his last years focused on creative work until poor health required surgery, where cancer was discovered in his stomach, gallbladder, and appendix. Yordan Yovkov passed away in October 1937.
Szymborska was a Polish poet, essayist, and winner of the 1996 Nobel Prize in Literature. She was born in 1923 in Poland and died in 2012 in Krakow. Throughout her career she published several books of poems and was a member of several Polish literary organizations.
Milosz was a Polish poet, novelist, and winner of the 1980 Nobel Prize in Literature. He spent many years in exile from Poland due to his anti-communist views, living in France from 1951-1960 and the United States from 1960-1993 before returning to Poland. His poems are intellectual with suggestive metaphors.
Reymont was a Polish novelist and winner of the 1924 Nobel Prize in Literature for his four
This document provides biographies of famous Turkish poets and writers, both from history and contemporary times. It discusses prominent figures like Yunus Emre, who influenced Turkish literature in the 13th century with his works composed in the spoken Turkish of the time. Later poets and writers mentioned include Mehmed Akif Ersoy, who wrote the Turkish national anthem, Nazim Hikmet, one of Turkey's modern pioneers, and contemporary authors like Orhan Pamuk, the first Turkish citizen to win the Nobel Prize in Literature, and Elif Shafak, Turkey's most widely read woman writer.
The document discusses several important cultural heritage sites in Turkey that are on UNESCO's World Heritage List. It provides details about 6 of these sites:
1. Nemrut Mountain in Adiyaman, which features large statues of gods and King Antiochus I.
2. Goreme National Park in Cappadocia, known for its fairy chimneys and troglodyte dwellings carved into rock formations.
3. Hattusa, the ancient Hittite capital near Bogazkale with remains of royal buildings and temples.
4. Hierapolis-Pamukkale, home to large baths and a necropolis located near hot springs and
The document is a survey asking questions about cultural heritage monuments in Swierklany, Poland. It asks the respondent if they are familiar with local cultural heritage sites, which sites are most important to them, if they have visited or learned about specific monuments mentioned, how they talk about cultural heritage in Swierklany, and for their definition of cultural heritage. The survey aims to understand local knowledge and perspectives on cultural heritage in the region.
1. Международен училищен проект
“Обединени в многообразието”
България, Румъния, Полша, Литва,
Испания, Италия, Турция
ПРОГРАМА НА ЕС
“УЧЕНЕ ПРЕЗ ЦЕЛИЯ ЖИВОТ”
2.
3. П В С Ч П С
Н
1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10 11 12 13
14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27
28 29 30 31
Първият месец от годината носи името на бог
Янус от римския календар . Той е изобразяван
с две лица , едното от които е обърнато
назад , към старата година , а другото гледа
напред - към предстоящата . Датата 1.01. се
появява за пръв път в Грегорианския календар
през 1582 година .
4. П В С Ч П С
Н
1 2 3
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17
18 19 20 21 22 23 24
25 26 27 28
Навсякъде по света началото на новата година е
весел празник , тъй като всеки оставя зад гърба си
несбъднатите мечти и създава нови .
Новогодишните традиции и поверия на всеки народ
са разнообразни , но са обединени от вечната
човешка надежда , че новата година непременно ще
бъде по - щастлива от старата . Монетата е символ
на късмет и благоденствие не само у нас . Тя е в
5. П В С Ч П С Н
1 2 3
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17
18 19 20 21 22 23 24
25 26 27 28 29 30 31
В Полша Нова година се нарича “
Sylvester ”. Броят на ястията трябва да бъде
кратно на 12, като всяко има своя символика -
рибата е на щастие и благополучие , орехите
символизират тайните и трудностите на живота и т .
н . Много от младите хора предпочитат да
празнуват в планините – в някой параклис ,
планинска хижа или в овчарска колиба .
6. П В С Ч П С Н
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8 9 10 11 12 13 14
15 16 17 18 19 20 21
22 23 24 25 26 27 28
29 30
Испанците имат обичай да окачват над
празничната трапеза добре запазен грозд . Когато
часовникът започва да отмерва 12- те удара , всеки
бърза да откъсне и изяде последователно 12
зърна , като същевременно си намисля желания за
отделните месеци на настъпващата година . След
полунощ испанците излизат на улицата и си
разменят подаръци .
7. П В С Ч П С Н
В някои региони на 1 2 3 4 5
Литва Нова Година е 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
известна като
„ Малката Коледна
13 14 15 16 17 18 19
вечер ” и тогава се 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
сервират ястия , 27 28 29 30 31
подобни на коледните ,
но на трапезата
присъства и месо .
Съществена част от
вечерта е гадаене на
съдби и предричане
на бъдещето .
8. П В С Ч П С Н
1 2
3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
17 18 19 20 21 22 23
24 25 26 27 28 29 30
На Нова година италианците носят червено
бельо, а на трапезата слагат свински бут и леща,
като признак на късмет и богатство. Един стар
обичай, спазван още в южната част на Италия,
повелява да се изхвърлят стари вещи през
прозорците, символизирайки очакването на
новата година – така че, внимавайте в полунощ
около италиянските домове!
9. П В С Ч П С Н
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
В Румъния сутринта на 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
1.01 трябва да се 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
поставят сребърни 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
монети във водата, с
която семейството се 29 30 31
измива. За лоша поличба
се смята окачването на
календара преди
настъпването на новата
година.
10. П В С Ч П С Н
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8 9 10 11
12 13 14 15 16 17 18
19 20 21 22 23 24 25
26 27 28 29 30 31
Ислямският календар е направен съобразно въртенето
на луната, което означава, че годината има 354 дни.
Според ислямската религия Нова година се чества на
първия ден от „Muharram” – това е първият месец.
Сравнена със западния календар, всеки път
мюсюлманската нова година настъпва 11 дни по –
рано. Мюсюлманите посрещат новата година
събирайки се в джамии и отправяйки тихи молби,
изричайки „hegira”, което означава пренасянето на
Мохамед от Медина в Мека.
11. П В С Ч П С Н
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
16 17 18 19 20 21 22
23 24 25 26 27 28 29
30
Вярва се, че традицията с гърменето и
фойерверките на Нова Година е произлязла още в
древни времена – силният шум и огънят били
използвани за прогонване на злите духове и да
донесат добър късмет.Традицията с разменяне на
подаръци в навечерието на новата година е
поставена от римляните,които си дарявали един на
друг клонки от свещени дръвчета за късмет.
12. в ри П В С Ч П С Н
ом 1 2 3 4 5 6
Окт 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27
28 29 30 31
В далечното минало, още когато идват българите по
днешните наши земи, Нова година се е чествала на 21
декември - денят на зимното слънцестоене – Идинак.
На тази дата денят е най-малък и е наричан
Полязовден, Млад Бог, Млад ден. Празникът на най-
малкия ден, от който започва новият годишен цикъл, е
бил прекрасен повод да се благодари на Природата и
да се погледне към бъдещето с нови надежди и
пожеланния.
13. П В С Ч П С Н
мв ри 1 2 3
Ное 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17
May I come with you tonight? 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Earth is giving birth and light. 25 26 27 28 29 30
Real life does not have limit.
Years pass, but days go slow…
Christmas time is here, you know-
Houses stay in silent waiting,
Reindeers come and angels singing…
I saw Santa – he was thoughtful –
Stopped for rest ‘cause he was bagful.
Told him – “Nice to see you back”
“Merry Christmas” – “Take your pack”!
And he flew as high as eagle –
Santa knew that this was legal…
written by Nyulfer Reyhan – 11th gr.
14. Декември I wish you Happy New Year!
It's a great time to cheer,
2013 is near
П В С Ч П С Н Please, be fabulous for us ,
dear !
1 No more barriers for us,
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 This is the time for Xmas
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Welcome, lovely Santa Claus
Let's hear the applause !
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 We're looking forward to you
23 24 25 26 27 28 29 The sky is royal blue,
30 31 Did you undertake a review?
Unforgettable 2012, thank you
HAPPY NEW YEAR TO YOU !
Written by Meliyan,10th gr.