This document addresses common breastfeeding questions and provides guidance on solutions. It discusses signs that a baby is getting enough milk, including weight gain and wet diapers. It provides guidelines on storing expressed breast milk and taking medications while breastfeeding. The document also offers advice on topics like vitamin supplementation, treating mastitis, and continuing breastfeeding during illness. Appendices include a flow chart for assessing breastfeeding and a list of common medications categorized by safety for breastfeeding mothers.
In this ppt, I have discussed some special cases when a mother may be unsure if and how to breast feed her infant. In these special conditions, what should a doctor advise
This document discusses several topics related to primary child care including:
1) Routine immunization schedules, contraindications, and reactions to vaccines.
2) The advantages of breastfeeding and situations where it is not recommended.
3) How to determine a child's age based on developmental stages from fetus to adolescent.
4) The goals and methods of primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention in pediatric care.
Baby friendly hospital initiative and exclusive breast feeding(6)bhavnoor_singh
The Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative aims to promote and support breastfeeding in hospitals according to 10 steps. These include having a written breastfeeding policy, training staff, informing pregnant women of benefits, helping initiate breastfeeding within 30 minutes of birth, showing mothers breastfeeding techniques, exclusively breastfeeding, practicing rooming-in, on-demand breastfeeding, avoiding pacifiers for breastfed infants, and referring mothers to support groups. The goal is establishing optimal practices for supporting breastfeeding mothers and babies.
Nestle promoted infant formula over breast milk in Africa by using fake nurses and false information, leading to an international boycott in 1977. While breast milk provides immunity and is easier to digest than formula, alternatives like cow or goat milk lack adequate nutrition for babies. Proper breastfeeding positions include lying down, football hold, and cradle hold. It is important to breastfeed right away after birth, continue as long as possible, maintain cleanliness to prevent infection, and supplement with other foods as the baby ages. Iron and calcium deficiencies during pregnancy can increase health risks for mother and baby, while deficiencies in folate, iodine, and vitamin A can also harm fetal development.
The document discusses the benefits of breastfeeding for both mother and baby. It outlines that breast milk provides optimal nutrition for growth and protects against infection. The document also describes the anatomy and physiology of breastfeeding, including the hormones and reflexes that produce and eject milk. Finally, it provides guidance on proper breastfeeding techniques like positioning, attachment and managing common issues.
This document discusses insufficient milk syndrome, which refers to real or perceived inadequate breast milk. One barrier to exclusive breastfeeding is the mother's feeling that she does not have enough milk. Reliable signs that a baby is getting enough milk include adequate weight gain and frequent urination. Perceived insufficient milk is more common than real insufficient milk, which is caused by primary issues like breast hypoplasia or secondary issues like sore nipples. Proper management includes building the mother's confidence, ensuring proper attachment, and frequent feeding rather than supplementing with formula.
The document outlines the 10 steps to successful breastfeeding as recommended by WHO/UNICEF. The 10 steps include: having a written breastfeeding policy, training all healthcare staff, informing pregnant women about breastfeeding benefits, helping mothers initiate breastfeeding within 30 minutes of birth, showing mothers breastfeeding techniques, giving only breastmilk to infants, practicing rooming-in, encouraging on-demand breastfeeding, avoiding pacifiers, and fostering breastfeeding support groups.
The document discusses newborn feeding, including types of feeding like breastfeeding and formula feeding. It covers the physiology of breastmilk secretion and milk let-down. The advantages of breastfeeding are enumerated, along with contraindications and considerations for breastfeeding in the context of HIV. Proper positioning for breastfeeding is also described.
In this ppt, I have discussed some special cases when a mother may be unsure if and how to breast feed her infant. In these special conditions, what should a doctor advise
This document discusses several topics related to primary child care including:
1) Routine immunization schedules, contraindications, and reactions to vaccines.
2) The advantages of breastfeeding and situations where it is not recommended.
3) How to determine a child's age based on developmental stages from fetus to adolescent.
4) The goals and methods of primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention in pediatric care.
Baby friendly hospital initiative and exclusive breast feeding(6)bhavnoor_singh
The Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative aims to promote and support breastfeeding in hospitals according to 10 steps. These include having a written breastfeeding policy, training staff, informing pregnant women of benefits, helping initiate breastfeeding within 30 minutes of birth, showing mothers breastfeeding techniques, exclusively breastfeeding, practicing rooming-in, on-demand breastfeeding, avoiding pacifiers for breastfed infants, and referring mothers to support groups. The goal is establishing optimal practices for supporting breastfeeding mothers and babies.
Nestle promoted infant formula over breast milk in Africa by using fake nurses and false information, leading to an international boycott in 1977. While breast milk provides immunity and is easier to digest than formula, alternatives like cow or goat milk lack adequate nutrition for babies. Proper breastfeeding positions include lying down, football hold, and cradle hold. It is important to breastfeed right away after birth, continue as long as possible, maintain cleanliness to prevent infection, and supplement with other foods as the baby ages. Iron and calcium deficiencies during pregnancy can increase health risks for mother and baby, while deficiencies in folate, iodine, and vitamin A can also harm fetal development.
The document discusses the benefits of breastfeeding for both mother and baby. It outlines that breast milk provides optimal nutrition for growth and protects against infection. The document also describes the anatomy and physiology of breastfeeding, including the hormones and reflexes that produce and eject milk. Finally, it provides guidance on proper breastfeeding techniques like positioning, attachment and managing common issues.
This document discusses insufficient milk syndrome, which refers to real or perceived inadequate breast milk. One barrier to exclusive breastfeeding is the mother's feeling that she does not have enough milk. Reliable signs that a baby is getting enough milk include adequate weight gain and frequent urination. Perceived insufficient milk is more common than real insufficient milk, which is caused by primary issues like breast hypoplasia or secondary issues like sore nipples. Proper management includes building the mother's confidence, ensuring proper attachment, and frequent feeding rather than supplementing with formula.
The document outlines the 10 steps to successful breastfeeding as recommended by WHO/UNICEF. The 10 steps include: having a written breastfeeding policy, training all healthcare staff, informing pregnant women about breastfeeding benefits, helping mothers initiate breastfeeding within 30 minutes of birth, showing mothers breastfeeding techniques, giving only breastmilk to infants, practicing rooming-in, encouraging on-demand breastfeeding, avoiding pacifiers, and fostering breastfeeding support groups.
The document discusses newborn feeding, including types of feeding like breastfeeding and formula feeding. It covers the physiology of breastmilk secretion and milk let-down. The advantages of breastfeeding are enumerated, along with contraindications and considerations for breastfeeding in the context of HIV. Proper positioning for breastfeeding is also described.
The document summarizes recommendations from the American Academy of Pediatrics for optimal breastfeeding practices. It recommends exclusive breastfeeding for around the first 6 months, continued breastfeeding for at least the first year and as long as desired by mother and child. It provides guidance on skin-to-skin contact, supplemental feeding, pacifier use, feeding frequency and duration, and vitamin supplementation for breastfed infants. Health professionals should provide education and support to optimize breastfeeding initiation and maintenance.
- Breast milk alone is sufficient nutrition for infants in the first 6 months of life and promotes growth, development, and protects against illness.
- After 6 months, breast milk should continue along with complementary foods through the child's second year. Regular breastfeeding helps stimulate milk production.
- Proper positioning and frequent feeding are important for successful breastfeeding and ensuring enough milk production. Mothers should avoid bottles, pacifiers, and other fluids which can reduce breastfeeding.
advantages, anatomy, physiology of lactation, composition of breast milk, techniques of Breastfeeding, contraindications, alternatives to breastfeeding, myths about breastfeeding, problems in breastfeeding and managements, public health concerns of Breastfeeding
Effect of Breastfeeding on Infant InfectionKarissa Braden
The document summarizes evidence from multiple studies on the relationship between breastfeeding and infant infection. Three studies are critically appraised: a prospective cohort study from Hong Kong found exclusive breastfeeding for at least 3 months was associated with lower risk of hospitalization for infection in the first 6 months. A UK retrospective cohort study found exclusive breastfeeding was associated with 30-63% lower risk of lower respiratory tract infections and diarrhea hospitalizations. A systematic review of 15 large cohort studies found a protective relationship between breastfeeding and incidence of diarrhea and pneumonia, with a 40% reduction in gastrointestinal illness risk and 4.91 times higher hospitalization for infants never breastfed. The evidence suggests breastfeeding, particularly exclusive breastfeeding, significantly reduces the risk of
Breastfeeding provides optimal nutrition and health benefits for infants. It involves the feeding of an infant or young child with breast milk directly from the female breast. The physiological basis of lactation involves four phases: preparation of breasts, synthesis and secretion from breast alveoli, ejection of milk, and maintenance of lactation. Breastfeeding has many advantages for both mother and infant, including improved immunity, nutrition, bonding, and reduced risk of various diseases. Contraindications to breastfeeding include certain medical conditions in the mother or infant. Common problems with breastfeeding include painful or engorged breasts which can often be addressed through proper positioning and feeding techniques.
1 introduction to bfhi and 10 steps of breastfeedingVarsha Shah
The document provides an introduction to the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) and its 10 steps to promote successful breastfeeding. BFHI is a global program sponsored by WHO and UNICEF that encourages hospitals to support optimal infant feeding through breastfeeding. The 10 steps include having a written breastfeeding policy, training staff, informing pregnant women of benefits, initiating skin-to-skin contact within an hour of birth, teaching breastfeeding techniques, exclusively breastfeeding, practicing rooming-in, feeding on demand day and night, avoiding pacifiers and artificial nipples, and fostering breastfeeding support groups. The goal is to transform maternity facilities and protect, promote and support breastfeeding worldwide.
Breast feeding and complimentary feeding are two best practices which reduce infant mortality and morbidity.this presentation will be helpful in understanding the art and science of both interventions.
This document provides information on breastfeeding techniques and positions for new mothers. It discusses:
- The health benefits of breastfeeding for both babies and mothers.
- Different breastfeeding positions like side-lying, football hold, cradle hold, and cross-cradle that can be used depending on factors like a c-section birth or the size of the baby.
- The importance of proper latching on and signs of successful breastfeeding like adequate wet diapers and weight gain in infants.
- Advantages of breastmilk for babies' nutrition, immunity and brain development as well as reduced disease risk for mothers.
Breastfeeding provides significant health benefits for both infants and mothers. It reduces infant mortality and risk of diseases. Breastmilk alone meets all nutritional needs for the first six months. Positioning the infant properly for breastfeeding and frequent feedings helps stimulate milk production. Governments should promote breastfeeding information to support maternal and child health.
World Health Organization's Guide to Infant and Child NutritionChris Johnson
The document discusses the importance of optimal infant and young child feeding for growth, health and development. Inadequate nutrition is associated with one third of deaths in children under 5 years old globally and can also lead to long term health and developmental problems. The WHO and UNICEF adopted a Global Strategy for Infant and Young Child Feeding in 2002 to promote appropriate feeding practices from birth to 2 years of age, a critical period of growth and development. Health professionals have a key role in supporting mothers to follow the recommended feeding practices outlined in the strategy.
Breastfeeding is contraindicated in the following conditions:
1) When the baby has galactosemia or the mother has active untreated tuberculosis, T-cell lymphotrophic virus type 1 or 2, or is receiving radioactive isotopes or chemotherapy agents.
2) When the mother is abusing drugs or has herpes simplex lesions on her breast.
3) When the mother is HIV positive, Hepatitis B or C positive, or a carrier of cytomegalovirus.
The document provides an introduction to the Global Strategy for Infant and Young Child Feeding developed by WHO and UNICEF. It aims to revitalize attention on the impact of feeding practices on children under 5, as malnutrition contributes to over 50% of the 10.6 million annual deaths in that age group. The strategy lists operational targets and current recommendations for feeding from 0-24 months. It describes optimal infant feeding practices that can reduce under-five mortality, such as exclusive breastfeeding for six months and continued breastfeeding up to two years or beyond while complementing with nutritious foods.
This document discusses breastfeeding and the roles of care providers in supporting it. It covers the types and benefits of breast milk, including colostrum, preterm breast milk, and mature milk. It also discusses how oxytocin affects milk production and describes ways care providers can support early and continued breastfeeding.
Healthy Mothers Healthy Babies
2014 Annual Meeting & Conference
October 7th, 2014
Presented by: Elizabeth Lee McWilliams, BSN, RN, IBCLC Medical Center, Navicent Health Macon, GA
Weaning is when a baby transitions from breast milk to other sources of nourishment. When to wean is a personal decision. Moms may be influenced by a return to work, her health or the baby's, or simply a feeling that the time is right.
Weaning a baby is a gradual process that calls for patience and understanding from both you and your child.
This document defines complementary feeding as providing other foods and liquids to an infant along with breast milk after 6 months when breast milk alone is no longer sufficient. Complementary foods should be introduced timely, adequately in terms of nutrients, and properly through active feeding. Continued breastfeeding for 2 years is important as breast milk provides significant energy and nutrients. Complementary foods should be of appropriate consistency, nutrient-dense, varied, and hygienically prepared and fed to support growth and development from 6 months onwards.
Natural feeding. Advantages. Immune biological role. Rules. Extra feedingEneutron
The document discusses natural feeding of infants, including the advantages of breastfeeding. It defines exclusive breastfeeding as feeding only breast milk for the first 6 months. The composition and benefits of breast milk are described in detail. Guidelines are provided on proper positioning and attachment during breastfeeding. The introduction of complementary foods at 6 months is covered along with rules for extra feeding. Formulas for calculating an infant's daily milk needs are also presented.
This document discusses breastfeeding and lactation. It covers topics like the benefits of breastfeeding for baby and mother, breast anatomy, milk production, proper latching techniques, common challenges and how to address them, expressing and storing breastmilk, recommended feeding schedules and more. Visuals and examples are provided to demonstrate proper positioning and latch. The overall message is that breastfeeding is natural but doesn't always come naturally, so knowledge, practice and patience are important.
The document discusses Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) assessment and how BFHI can be included in existing programs. It describes the 10 steps to successful breastfeeding that facilities must demonstrate compliance with to be BFHI designated. These include having a written breastfeeding policy, training staff, informing pregnant women of breastfeeding benefits, helping initiate breastfeeding within 1 hour of birth, teaching breastfeeding maintenance, giving only breastmilk to infants, practicing rooming-in, encouraging unrestricted breastfeeding, and fostering breastfeeding support groups. It also outlines the BFHI assessment process and pathways to designation.
The document discusses physiology of lactation and breastfeeding recommendations. It recommends exclusive breastfeeding for six months, and continued breastfeeding for at least one year. The benefits of breastfeeding for both mother and baby are described. Proper positioning and attachment for breastfeeding are explained. Common issues like sore nipples, engorgement and mastitis are addressed. Research suggests skin-to-skin contact immediately after birth stimulates breastfeeding behavior in newborns.
The document discusses lactation physiology and breastfeeding recommendations. It recommends exclusive breastfeeding for six months, and continued breastfeeding for at least one year. The benefits of breastfeeding for both mother and baby are outlined. Proper breastfeeding techniques and managing common issues like sore nipples and engorgement are also covered.
The document summarizes recommendations from the American Academy of Pediatrics for optimal breastfeeding practices. It recommends exclusive breastfeeding for around the first 6 months, continued breastfeeding for at least the first year and as long as desired by mother and child. It provides guidance on skin-to-skin contact, supplemental feeding, pacifier use, feeding frequency and duration, and vitamin supplementation for breastfed infants. Health professionals should provide education and support to optimize breastfeeding initiation and maintenance.
- Breast milk alone is sufficient nutrition for infants in the first 6 months of life and promotes growth, development, and protects against illness.
- After 6 months, breast milk should continue along with complementary foods through the child's second year. Regular breastfeeding helps stimulate milk production.
- Proper positioning and frequent feeding are important for successful breastfeeding and ensuring enough milk production. Mothers should avoid bottles, pacifiers, and other fluids which can reduce breastfeeding.
advantages, anatomy, physiology of lactation, composition of breast milk, techniques of Breastfeeding, contraindications, alternatives to breastfeeding, myths about breastfeeding, problems in breastfeeding and managements, public health concerns of Breastfeeding
Effect of Breastfeeding on Infant InfectionKarissa Braden
The document summarizes evidence from multiple studies on the relationship between breastfeeding and infant infection. Three studies are critically appraised: a prospective cohort study from Hong Kong found exclusive breastfeeding for at least 3 months was associated with lower risk of hospitalization for infection in the first 6 months. A UK retrospective cohort study found exclusive breastfeeding was associated with 30-63% lower risk of lower respiratory tract infections and diarrhea hospitalizations. A systematic review of 15 large cohort studies found a protective relationship between breastfeeding and incidence of diarrhea and pneumonia, with a 40% reduction in gastrointestinal illness risk and 4.91 times higher hospitalization for infants never breastfed. The evidence suggests breastfeeding, particularly exclusive breastfeeding, significantly reduces the risk of
Breastfeeding provides optimal nutrition and health benefits for infants. It involves the feeding of an infant or young child with breast milk directly from the female breast. The physiological basis of lactation involves four phases: preparation of breasts, synthesis and secretion from breast alveoli, ejection of milk, and maintenance of lactation. Breastfeeding has many advantages for both mother and infant, including improved immunity, nutrition, bonding, and reduced risk of various diseases. Contraindications to breastfeeding include certain medical conditions in the mother or infant. Common problems with breastfeeding include painful or engorged breasts which can often be addressed through proper positioning and feeding techniques.
1 introduction to bfhi and 10 steps of breastfeedingVarsha Shah
The document provides an introduction to the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) and its 10 steps to promote successful breastfeeding. BFHI is a global program sponsored by WHO and UNICEF that encourages hospitals to support optimal infant feeding through breastfeeding. The 10 steps include having a written breastfeeding policy, training staff, informing pregnant women of benefits, initiating skin-to-skin contact within an hour of birth, teaching breastfeeding techniques, exclusively breastfeeding, practicing rooming-in, feeding on demand day and night, avoiding pacifiers and artificial nipples, and fostering breastfeeding support groups. The goal is to transform maternity facilities and protect, promote and support breastfeeding worldwide.
Breast feeding and complimentary feeding are two best practices which reduce infant mortality and morbidity.this presentation will be helpful in understanding the art and science of both interventions.
This document provides information on breastfeeding techniques and positions for new mothers. It discusses:
- The health benefits of breastfeeding for both babies and mothers.
- Different breastfeeding positions like side-lying, football hold, cradle hold, and cross-cradle that can be used depending on factors like a c-section birth or the size of the baby.
- The importance of proper latching on and signs of successful breastfeeding like adequate wet diapers and weight gain in infants.
- Advantages of breastmilk for babies' nutrition, immunity and brain development as well as reduced disease risk for mothers.
Breastfeeding provides significant health benefits for both infants and mothers. It reduces infant mortality and risk of diseases. Breastmilk alone meets all nutritional needs for the first six months. Positioning the infant properly for breastfeeding and frequent feedings helps stimulate milk production. Governments should promote breastfeeding information to support maternal and child health.
World Health Organization's Guide to Infant and Child NutritionChris Johnson
The document discusses the importance of optimal infant and young child feeding for growth, health and development. Inadequate nutrition is associated with one third of deaths in children under 5 years old globally and can also lead to long term health and developmental problems. The WHO and UNICEF adopted a Global Strategy for Infant and Young Child Feeding in 2002 to promote appropriate feeding practices from birth to 2 years of age, a critical period of growth and development. Health professionals have a key role in supporting mothers to follow the recommended feeding practices outlined in the strategy.
Breastfeeding is contraindicated in the following conditions:
1) When the baby has galactosemia or the mother has active untreated tuberculosis, T-cell lymphotrophic virus type 1 or 2, or is receiving radioactive isotopes or chemotherapy agents.
2) When the mother is abusing drugs or has herpes simplex lesions on her breast.
3) When the mother is HIV positive, Hepatitis B or C positive, or a carrier of cytomegalovirus.
The document provides an introduction to the Global Strategy for Infant and Young Child Feeding developed by WHO and UNICEF. It aims to revitalize attention on the impact of feeding practices on children under 5, as malnutrition contributes to over 50% of the 10.6 million annual deaths in that age group. The strategy lists operational targets and current recommendations for feeding from 0-24 months. It describes optimal infant feeding practices that can reduce under-five mortality, such as exclusive breastfeeding for six months and continued breastfeeding up to two years or beyond while complementing with nutritious foods.
This document discusses breastfeeding and the roles of care providers in supporting it. It covers the types and benefits of breast milk, including colostrum, preterm breast milk, and mature milk. It also discusses how oxytocin affects milk production and describes ways care providers can support early and continued breastfeeding.
Healthy Mothers Healthy Babies
2014 Annual Meeting & Conference
October 7th, 2014
Presented by: Elizabeth Lee McWilliams, BSN, RN, IBCLC Medical Center, Navicent Health Macon, GA
Weaning is when a baby transitions from breast milk to other sources of nourishment. When to wean is a personal decision. Moms may be influenced by a return to work, her health or the baby's, or simply a feeling that the time is right.
Weaning a baby is a gradual process that calls for patience and understanding from both you and your child.
This document defines complementary feeding as providing other foods and liquids to an infant along with breast milk after 6 months when breast milk alone is no longer sufficient. Complementary foods should be introduced timely, adequately in terms of nutrients, and properly through active feeding. Continued breastfeeding for 2 years is important as breast milk provides significant energy and nutrients. Complementary foods should be of appropriate consistency, nutrient-dense, varied, and hygienically prepared and fed to support growth and development from 6 months onwards.
Natural feeding. Advantages. Immune biological role. Rules. Extra feedingEneutron
The document discusses natural feeding of infants, including the advantages of breastfeeding. It defines exclusive breastfeeding as feeding only breast milk for the first 6 months. The composition and benefits of breast milk are described in detail. Guidelines are provided on proper positioning and attachment during breastfeeding. The introduction of complementary foods at 6 months is covered along with rules for extra feeding. Formulas for calculating an infant's daily milk needs are also presented.
This document discusses breastfeeding and lactation. It covers topics like the benefits of breastfeeding for baby and mother, breast anatomy, milk production, proper latching techniques, common challenges and how to address them, expressing and storing breastmilk, recommended feeding schedules and more. Visuals and examples are provided to demonstrate proper positioning and latch. The overall message is that breastfeeding is natural but doesn't always come naturally, so knowledge, practice and patience are important.
The document discusses Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) assessment and how BFHI can be included in existing programs. It describes the 10 steps to successful breastfeeding that facilities must demonstrate compliance with to be BFHI designated. These include having a written breastfeeding policy, training staff, informing pregnant women of breastfeeding benefits, helping initiate breastfeeding within 1 hour of birth, teaching breastfeeding maintenance, giving only breastmilk to infants, practicing rooming-in, encouraging unrestricted breastfeeding, and fostering breastfeeding support groups. It also outlines the BFHI assessment process and pathways to designation.
The document discusses physiology of lactation and breastfeeding recommendations. It recommends exclusive breastfeeding for six months, and continued breastfeeding for at least one year. The benefits of breastfeeding for both mother and baby are described. Proper positioning and attachment for breastfeeding are explained. Common issues like sore nipples, engorgement and mastitis are addressed. Research suggests skin-to-skin contact immediately after birth stimulates breastfeeding behavior in newborns.
The document discusses lactation physiology and breastfeeding recommendations. It recommends exclusive breastfeeding for six months, and continued breastfeeding for at least one year. The benefits of breastfeeding for both mother and baby are outlined. Proper breastfeeding techniques and managing common issues like sore nipples and engorgement are also covered.
This resource provides information to new parents on infant feeding. It covers the benefits of breastfeeding, responsive feeding techniques, skin-to-skin contact, proper positioning and attachment for breastfeeding, signs that feeding is going well, expressing and storing breastmilk, potential challenges, and where to seek help if needed. The goal is to empower parents to choose and carry out infant feeding in a way that meets the needs of their developing baby.
The document discusses the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) which was launched in 1991 by WHO and UNICEF to promote breastfeeding. It was introduced in India in 1993. The BFHI aims to protect, promote and support breastfeeding practices through 10 steps that health facilities should implement. These include having a written breastfeeding policy, training staff, helping mothers initiate breastfeeding within 30 minutes of birth, teaching positioning and latching, rooming-in, not providing supplements unless medically necessary, and fostering breastfeeding support groups. The BFHI helps encourage breastfeeding and address mothers' concerns. Its implementation can improve infant health and growth through breastfeeding.
Breastfeeding friendly general practitionerVarsha Shah
The document discusses breastfeeding rates and recommendations in Singapore, highlighting the importance of exclusive breastfeeding for six months and the key role general practitioners can play in supporting breastfeeding mothers by addressing common concerns, providing accurate information, and creating breastfeeding-friendly practices. Barriers to breastfeeding in Singapore include low exclusive breastfeeding rates beyond the first few months and a lack of lactation advice from physicians.
The document discusses holding an educational session on breastfeeding. [1] It aims to enhance knowledge and attitudes towards breastfeeding. [2] The session will be held at an antenatal health center and include an informational presentation, demonstration with a doll, and assessment. [3] The objectives are to define exclusive breastfeeding, identify benefits to infants and mothers, demonstrate proper techniques and positions, and discuss the grandmother's role in supporting breastfeeding.
This presentation is related with the contents regarding breast feeding. It includes complete information about breast feeding including different pictures and beautifully designed.
The document provides guidelines on infant and child feeding from birth through the first two years of life. It recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months if possible, followed by gradually introducing complementary foods while continuing breastfeeding for the first year. Weaning should begin around 6 months of age. The document also discusses appropriate feeding schedules, establishing and maintaining milk supply, treating sore nipples, maternal diet, and addressing issues like malnutrition and obesity.
Breast feeding ppt by Dr. Allah Yar Malikhuraismalik
This document discusses the benefits of breastfeeding for both mothers and infants. It provides information on the composition and types of breastmilk, as well as the advantages it provides through essential nutrients, antibodies, hormones and other factors. The document highlights how breastmilk uniquely meets the needs of infants and supports their development, unlike formula milk. It also outlines recommendations around exclusive breastfeeding for six months and continuing for up to two years. Some risks of breastfeeding and barriers to it are mentioned.
This document provides a summary of a counseling document on child nutrition and breastfeeding. It begins with objectives for counseling skills and knowledge of breastfeeding recommendations. It then discusses epidemiology of breastfeeding rates in Saudi Arabia over time. Key points from the document include that the duration of breastfeeding is in decline, with insufficient milk being a common reason. The document outlines counseling skills like active listening and building confidence. It provides guidance on breastfeeding including techniques, establishing milk supply, and addressing barriers. It concludes with recommendations for child nutrition including dairy, fat and juice intake, and iron supplementation.
Breastfeeding provides essential nutrition for infant development. It involves the feeding of breast milk directly from the female breast to the infant via lactation. Breast milk is produced when infant suckling stimulates the release of prolactin and oxytocin, which causes milk production and ejection from the alveoli into the ducts. Breast milk contains proteins, fats, vitamins, carbohydrates and other components that support infant growth and immunity. Proper positioning and latching are important to successfully establish breastfeeding. Most major health organizations recommend exclusive breastfeeding for six months and continued breastfeeding for at least one year.
The document discusses breastfeeding, including:
1. It recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months as the WHO's standard, as breast milk provides ideal nutrition.
2. It describes the development of mammary glands and production of different types of breast milk over time.
3. It provides information on the nutritional composition of breast milk and benefits it provides to infants like immunity and digestion.
4. It outlines best practices for breastfeeding and establishing feeding routines in the first year.
Breastfeeding provides optimal nutrition for infants and benefits both mother and baby. Breastfeeding involves the feeding of an infant with breastmilk, which is produced when suckling stimulates the release of prolactin and oxytocin hormones. Breastmilk contains proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals essential for the baby's growth and development as well as their health, such as protecting against disease. Proper positioning and latching-on are important to establish successful breastfeeding and avoid issues like sore or cracked nipples. Breastfeeding is recommended for around 6 months with continued breastfeeding along with complementary foods for up to 2 years or more for optimal child health and development.
Lacto Genesis Breast Feeding : The Global Overview : Dr Sharda Jain Lifecare Centre
Breastfeeding provides complete nutrition for infants and benefits both mothers and children. It protects infants from illness and increases intelligence while protecting mothers from diseases like breast and ovarian cancer. The global overview shows exclusive breastfeeding rates have increased to 64% in India from 40% previously, though challenges remain. Medical practices and lack of support can negatively impact breastfeeding. Initiatives like the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative aim to promote breastfeeding best practices in healthcare facilities.
This document contains a pre-test for lactation management education training. It includes 15 multiple choice questions and 25 true/false questions testing knowledge about breastfeeding practices, risks of breastmilk substitutes, signs of effective breastfeeding, and the Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding. The questions cover topics like rooming-in, early skin-to-skin contact, exclusive breastfeeding, recognizing feeding cues, use of pacifiers and bottles, and supporting breastfeeding through counseling and education.
This document discusses the benefits of breastfeeding for babies, mothers, and families. It outlines the scientific evidence that exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months can reduce infant mortality by 13-15%. The document then describes advantages of breastfeeding such as reduced infections for babies and decreased cancer risk for mothers. It provides guidance on proper breastfeeding techniques and addressing common issues like engorgement, sore nipples, and lactation.
This document discusses breastfeeding, formula feeding, and feeding children after age 1. It outlines the nutritional, immunological, and psychosocial advantages of breastfeeding for babies and mothers. Some barriers to breastfeeding and proper breastfeeding technique are described. Guidelines are provided for encouraging breastfeeding in hospitals and supplementing with formula or weaning babies onto other foods starting at around 6 months of age. Principles of formula feeding and feeding children during later childhood and according to the Food Guide Pyramid are also covered.
Breastfeeding provides optimal nutrition for infants and has significant health benefits for both mother and baby. Proper positioning and latching on are important for successful breastfeeding. There are several breastfeeding positions that can be used, including side-lying, football, cradle, and cross-cradle holds. Factors like breast size, baby size, and delivery method may determine which position works best. Signs of proper latch and milk transfer include hearing swallowing sounds and seeing weight gain in the baby. Breastfeeding advantages include nutritional, developmental, immunological and emotional benefits. Potential disadvantages include discomfort, dietary restrictions, and inconvenience of breastfeeding in public.
This document discusses breastfeeding, including defining it, listing the steps and benefits. It provides details on the contents of breast milk, including proteins, fats, vitamins, and carbohydrates. Advantages for both mother and baby are outlined. Guidelines are provided for how long to breastfeed and how to increase milk supply. Potential complications and contraindications are also covered. The document aims to inform about proper breastfeeding practices.
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Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
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In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...Donc Test
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These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
1. Common Breastfeeding Questions and some solutions
Dr Sarah Prentice and Jo Naylor (breastfeeding counsellor)
Whipps Cross Hospital, London, UK, August 2011
Is my baby getting enough milk?
Probably the biggest worry for parents and the hardest question to answer. Generally
requires repeated assessments over several weeks. There is no length of time that
determines a ‘good’ feed for a baby. It is highly variable depending on effectiveness
of suck, interval time of feeds, size of baby and flow rate of milk.
Signs of good feeding:
Baby is gaining weight – Newborns: <10% weight loss and regained birth weight by
2 weeks and following centiles thereafter. This is 120 to 200g a week until 4 months
of age. Do not weigh the baby daily as small variations are common (e.g. pre/post
feed, pre/post stooling) and cause much anxiety for parents. Maximum twice weekly
if greatly concerned. There is a parent information leaflet on the new growth charts,
frequency of weighing etc. produced by RCPCH available at
http://www.rcpch.ac.uk/sites/default/files/asset_library/Research/Growth%20Charts/E
du%20and%20Training%20Resources/Fact%20sheets/Fact%20Sheet%20for%20Pare
nts.pdf
Breasts soften after feed
Baby settles post feed – may sleep or be awake but quiet, not fractious.
Nipples are not sore – sore nipples are a sign of poor attachment
Normal wet and dirty nappies – a rule of thumb is one wet nappy per day for the
first 7 days of life (i.e. one on day 1, two on day 2) and remains 6-7 wet nappies per
day thereafter. Stool production varies vastly for different babies but meconium
should be changing colour by day 3 and should be a normal yellow stool by day 4/5.
Many parents worry because the baby falls asleep or sucks poorly after only about 5
minutes of a feed. Winding the baby and then trying on the other breast can stimulate
them to wake up again.
Expressing breastmilk to assess volume being produced is not particularly accurate
and mothers can worry if they find they are not producing the 150mls/kg day that a
formula fed baby would be on by day 4 of life. If a baby is becoming significantly
dehydrated (generally taken as >10% weight loss) because of insufficient supply then
formula top-ups following breastfeeds may be needed for a short time whilst
breastfeeding is established.
A simple flow chart for the assessment of breastfeeding in the first few weeks of life
is found in Appendix 1.
2. How long can expressed breast milk be stored?
Room temperature – 6 hours
Refrigerated – 3-5 days AT THE BACK of the fridge to ensure < 4°C. Never store in
the door of the fridge
Ice compartment of a refrigerator – 2 weeks
Freezer – 6 months. Thaw by placing in the fridge. Can be warmed to body temp in
water but never in the microwave.
Which medicines can I take whilst breastfeeding?
The Breastfeeding Network (http://www.breastfeedingnetwork.org.uk/drugs-in-
breastmilk.html) has several information leaflets to download and also a Drugs in
Breastmilk Helpline staffed by a pharmacist on 0844 412 4665.
Common medicines asked about are listed in appendix 2
When should I wean my baby?
Current UK Department of Health guidelines, based on WHO recommendations, are
to exclusively milk feed for 6 months (breast or bottle) then wean slowly. However
not all countries adopted the WHO recommendations and many UK paediatricians
consider that weaning between 4-6 months, led by the infant’s appetite and
development is appropriate. Care should be taken that early weaning does not lead to
a significant reduction in the baby’s milk intake; benefits to having breastfeeds as part
of the diet have been shown up to 2 years of age.
Should I take multi-vitamins when breastfeeding?
A varied diet should provide all necessary vitamins and minerals for a healthy mother
and baby. However, current department of health recommendations
(http://www.dh.gov.uk/prod_consum_dh/groups/dh_digitalassets/documents/digitalas
set/dh_111302.pdf) are for UK breastfeeding mothers to take a supplement of
Vitamin D 10 micrograms (400IU) once a day. This is especially important for
darker skinned people and those with fully covered skin. It is also important from
October to April in the UK when there is not enough sunlight for even fair skinned
women to generate vitamin D. High dose multivitamins, particularly those containing
vitamin A, may be harmful in breastfeeding.
Should I give my baby multi-vitamins/iron?
The UK department of health guidelines (referenced above) are that full term infants
under 6 months of age do not need multivitamins and iron. They do recommend that
all infants older than 6 months who are receiving less than 500ml a day of infant
formula milk should have multi-vitamin supplementation containing Vitamins A, C
and D (eg. abidec/dalivit). These continue until 5 years of age. If a child has a good
varied diet then multivitamins are not required. ‘Healthy Start’ vouchers and free
3. vitamins (http://www.healthystart.nhs.uk/) are available for families on income
support or mothers who are less than 18 years old. Breastfeeding babies of vitamin D
deficient mothers should have vitamin supplements from the age of 1 month rather
than leaving it till 6 months. Premature infants are given multivitamins until age 5
and iron (if less than 35 weeks gestation) until one year of age.
Should I stop breastfeeding if I am unwell?
There are very few illnesses which are absolute contraindications to breastfeeding.
These are:
HIV
Active, untreated TB
Maternal lead poisoning
Syphilis ONLY IF THERE IS A BREAST LESION
Herpes Simplex Virus ONLY IF THERE IS A BREAST LESION
Impetigo/breast abscess STOP ON AFFECTED BREAST if pus draining
Maternal use of drugs of abuse (Methadone ONLY probably OK)
An infant with galactosaemia
Any illness where the medicine required is an absolute contraindication to
breast feeding including chemotherapy and radioisotopes
NB: diarrhoea, vomiting, coughs, colds and ‘flu are not reasons to stop breastfeeding.
Should I stop breastfeeding if the baby has diarrhoea and vomiting?
No. Breastfeeding should continue alongside rehydration therapy. Warn parents that
milk has the potential to prolong the diarrhoeal stage a little, but that this does not
matter as long as the child is receiving sufficient fluids.
Should tongue-tie be divided?
A controversial subject for which there is an inadequate evidence base. Some babies
for whom tongue-tie is seen feed perfectly well. Similarly tongue-tie is often
diagnosed as the problem with failure to establish breastfeeding when a good review
of attachment and positioning with an infant feeding advisor may be all that is needed.
However, NICE recommends that for babies who are failing to thrive with severe
tongue-tie, frenulotomy is a safe and effective procedure
(www.nice.org.uk/guidance/CG37).
How do I treat mastitis/breast abscess/thrush?
Mastitis (redness, inflammation +/- fever but no collection or pus draining): DO
NOT STOP BREASTFEEDING! If there is no pus draining from the nipple then milk
need not be discarded. Breastfeeding can continue but if too sore ensure expressing
milk from the affected side as this aids resolution. Advise an anti-inflammatory for
4. pain and massage area/use warm compresses. If no better in 24 hours will need to go
to GP for flucloxacillin and erythromycin.
Breast Abscess: Express and discard any milk that is contaminated with pus. Can
still breast feed if abscess not draining into milk ducts and from opposite breast.
Abscess will require surgical incision and drainage and antibiotics. Mothers can
resume breastfeeding immediately following an incision and drainage.
Nipple Thrush (painful nipples, itchy, shooting pains in breast, non-healing cracked
nipples, oral thrush in infant): DO NOT STOP BREASTFEEDING! Treat mother
and baby. Topical miconazole 2% cream to breast after each feed (wipe off gently
before next feed). May need oral fluconazole (unlicensed indication) if deep breast
pain. Miconazole oral gel or nystatin oral suspension for baby.
The Breastfeeding Network produces 2 useful leaflets on mastitis and nipple thrush.
They are aimed at mothers but the thrush one has a section for health professionals.
Download them from
http://www.breastfeedingnetwork.org.uk/pdfs/BFN_Mastitis.pdf
http://www.breastfeedingnetwork.org.uk/pdfs/BfN_Thrush_leaflet_Feb_2009.pdf
5. Appendix 1
“Is my baby getting enough milk?”
Adequate Feeding Inadequate Feeding
How frequently is the baby feeding and for how long?
Is the baby having wet and dirty nappies? How many?
Is the weight loss in first two weeks within a normal range?
How is the baby behaving between feeds? Is s/he settled when close to
mum and unsettled when moved or is s/he apparently hungry?
How does mum feel that baby is feeding?
Day 2 – 2-3 wet + meconium
Day 3 – 3-4 wet + changing
stool
Day 4 – 4-5 wet + changing /
yellow stool
Day 5 at least 5 good wet
nappies and 2 proper yellow
dirty nappies
Minimal urine output
Continued urates or
meconium after day 3
BNO
Regular frequent feeds lasting
between 20 – 40 minutes. Every 2 –
5 hours including during the night
Infrequent or no feeds
Settled between feeds
Relaxed contented baby
Unsettled or showing signs of
hunger
Fretful ‘fussy’ baby
Pain free breastfeeding with
good effective sucking
Ineffective sucking
Painful feeds
Weight loss < 10% Weight loss > 10%
6. Observe the baby breastfeeding
If not breastfeeding effectively:
Encourage skin to skin contact for mother and baby
Correct positioning and attachment.
If baby is then able to latch on & breastfeed, ask mother to continue trying
breastfeeding first at every feed, on both breasts for around 30 minutes in total.
Formula top ups may be needed
Refer to infant feeding advisor
Give mother details of Breastfeeding Support groups (information kept up to
date on www.paediatricpearls.co.uk) in area.
Supplementation will be needed if effective breastfeeding cannot be established.
Aim to use expressed milk (EBM) as much as possible:
Ask mum to express milk after every feed to have some ready for the next
feed (not longer than 30 minutes expressing from both breasts)
Top up the EBM with formula to required amount –
60ml/kg total for day 1, 90ml/kg total for day 2, 120ml/kg total for day 3
Give supplementary feeds via finger/syringe, finger/tube, cup, tube or bottle
depending on individual case and skilled help available.
As breastfeeding becomes established start to reduce supplements.
Signs of good attachment
The baby has a large mouthful of
breast
Chin touching the breast
More areola visible above the top lip
than below the bottom lip
Nose not squashed into the breast
Cheeks full and rounded during
sucking
Baby rhythmically sucking and
swallowing with pauses
No pain for mum when feeding
Note: if a baby is not well attached it
will not be able to remove the milk
from the breast effectively and will
damage the mother’s nipples.
Sore nipples are a sign of poor
attachment
7. Appendix 2 – Common medicines and breastfeeding.
Medicine type Medicines you can take whilst
breastfeeding
Medicines you should not take
whilst breastfeeding
Painkillers
Antibiotics
Anti-fungals
Cold remedies
Respiratory
Vitamins
Psychiatric
medicines
Contraception
Paracetamol and Ibuprofen
Penicillins, cephalosporins,
macrolides, trimethoprim,
metronidazole (avoid large
single doses), ciprofloxacin,
Standard Anti-TB medications
Fluconazole, nystatin
Cough medicines – non-drowsy
Hayfever medicine e.g.
Clarityn, Zirtek
Asthma Inhalers
Normal dose vitamin tablets
Tricyclic antidepressants,
Condoms, POP, Depo Provera
injection, morning after pill
Aspirin, Codeine - unless under
special advice
Tetracyclines, chloramphenicol
(unless topical), nitrofurantoin
Flucytosine, Griseofulvin
Cold remedies e.g. Sudafed
High dose vitamin tablets
Sleeping tablets, Lithium, SSRI’s
unless on specialist advice, anti-
psychotics unless on specialist
advice
Combined Oral Contraceptive
Pill
8. Resources
Support groups – breastfeeding support group locator can be found at
www.breastfeedingnetwork.org.uk
Phone lines
National Breastfeeding Helpline – 03001000212 (9.30am-9.30pm breastfeeding
support helpline).
In Bengali/Sylheti – 03004562421
Recommended Websites
www.breastfeedingnetwork.org.uk
www.nct.org.uk – National Childbirth Trust. Charity providing support for parents
about all aspects of parenting.
www.babyfriendly.org.uk
www.breastfeedinginc.ca – Dr Jack Newman. Canadian Paediatrician. Includes
leaflets in French, Spanish, Italian and Portuguese
Leaflets available for download at www.breastfeedingnetwork.org.uk,
www.nhs.uk/start4life and the department of health guide to feeding your baby:
http://www.dh.gov.uk/prod_consum_dh/groups/dh_digitalassets/documents/digitalasset/dh_107706.pdf
DVD with breastfeeding advice available at www.bestbeginnings.org.uk
This factsheet has been prepared for breastfeeding mothers and their GPs by paediatric and midwifery staff at
Whipps Cross Hospital, London, UK. It has been downloaded from www.paediatricpearls.co.uk, a not-for-profit
continuing professional development website run by one of the paediatric consultants at Whipps Cross for the
benefit of local GPs, emergency department doctors and their patients. Please acknowledge those responsible for
this piece of work if you choose to use it to promote breastfeeding within your own patient group. Any comments
on it are welcome at http://www.paediatricpearls.co.uk/2011/08/common-breastfeeding-problems/.