ADVANTAGES OF BREASTFEEDING TYPES OF MILK DIFFERENCE IN COW MILK AND HUMAN MILK WEANING AND COMPLIMENTARY FEEDING

1. BREASTFEEDING COMPLEMENTARY
FEEDING AND IYCF
DR NIKHIL VISHWANATH DOKE
M.B.B.S, M.D (PEDIATRICS)
DEPT OF PEDIATRICS
SMBT MEDICAL COLLEGE NASHIK

2. Colostrum –First stage of Milk
Colostrum occurs during pregnancy and last for several days after baby’s birth. This yellowish sticky
milk is thicker and is very important for protecting your baby. Colostrum is very easy to digest.
Colostrum has same nutrients as later stages of milk however the amount of these ingredients
varies and its tailored in such a way it suits the new-born baby.
The first milk colostrum is high in antibodies and white blood cells. It protects your baby from
infections and very important for the digestive system.
After two to four days, Colostrum replaces with transitional milk.

3. TYPES OF BREAST MILK
Transitional Milk – Second stage of Milk ( 4 DAYS TO 2 WEEK )
Transition milk replaces Colostrum. It’s creamy and has high level of proteins, vitamins, fat
and lactose. The color of the milk slowly changes from yellow to white. As the breast starts
to stimulate you might feel fuller, firmer and a bit of discomfort. Regular feeding can ease
any discomfort during this stage.
Mature Milk – Third stage of Milk ( 2 WEEK ON WORDS )
After few weeks, your milk reaches mature milk. It is lighter in color and stays consistent. But
composition of your breast milk can still change from day-to-day and feed to feed.

4. Fore milk – Milk that flows at the starting of the feed is Fore milk. Its watery and quenches baby
thirst.
Hind Milk – The milk that flows as your breast empties is Hind milk. Its higher in fat, calories and
quenches baby’s hungry.
Fore or Hind milk your baby will get the essential nutrients required for the growth.
The mature milk will last until you wean for the baby. As child grows older and introduced to solid
food and liquids, the nutrient and amount of milk produce changes.
IAP recommends a minimum of 6 months and can go up to 2 years. The longer a mother feeds the
child with breast milk, the greater health benefits for both mother and child.
Nothing can replace breast-milk

5. HUMAN VS ANIMAL MILK

7. What is Breastfeeding?
Simply, breast feeding means feeding breast milk to the young child
● It is an act of feeding a young child with breast milk/human milk/mother’s milk
● Breast feeding is an ideal nutrition for infant and young child
● Breast feeding is also known as lactation/nursing
● It should be done for the first 2 years of life (i.e. 24 months).
● The duration of breast feeding can be divided as:
○ Exclusive breast feeding for 0-6 months (180 days)
○ Continued breast feeding along with complementary feeding up to 24 months
of life or more
● Every year World Breast feeding Week is celebrated from August 1-7 in order to
increase awareness and practice of breast feeding

8. What is Exclusive Breast feeding?
● Exclusive breast feeding means giving only breast milk to a infant with complete
exclusion of any other food/drinks, not even water
● Exclusive breast feeding should be done for 1st six months of life i.e. 0-6 months (180
days)
● Although no other food items should be given during the 1st six months; medicines,
drops and syrups consisting of vitamins and minerals are allowed/can be given

9. IMPORTANCE of Breast feeding
● Breast milk contains the right balance of all the vitamins, minerals and other
nutrients required for the proper growth and development of a baby
● It enhances sensory and cognitive development of young child
● It fulfills all sorts of nutritional need of the child for the first six months, covers 50%
or more nutritional need in the second half of the 1st year of life and covers 1/3rd of
the nutritional need during the second year of life
● Breast feeding contains immunoprotective components which provide special
protection to the immune system of the baby. Moreover, presence of antibodies in
the breast milk fight against different bacteria and viruses
● Breast milk contains all sorts of nutrients, hormones and various disease fighting
compounds. Thus decreases the risk of having asthma, lower respiratory
infections, diarrhea, vomiting and other allergies.
● It acts as the 1st vaccination for the child

10. Advantages of Breast feeding to the baby

11. Complementary feeding
Around the age of 6 months, an infant’s need for energy and nutrients starts to exceed what
is provided by breast milk, and complementary foods are necessary to meet those needs.
An infant of this age is also developmentally ready for other foods. If complementary foods
are not introduced around the age of 6 months, or if they are given inappropriately, an
infant’s growth may falter. Guiding principles for appropriate complementary feeding are:
● continue frequent, on-demand breastfeeding until 2 years of age or beyond;
● practise responsive feeding (for example, feed infants directly and assist older
children. Feed slowly and patiently, encourage them to eat but do not force them, talk
to the child and maintain eye contact);
● practise good hygiene and proper food handling;
● start at 6 months with small amounts of food and increase gradually as the child gets
older;

12. ● gradually increase food consistency and variety;
● increase the number of times that the child is fed: 2–3 meals per day for infants
6–8 months of age and 3–4 meals per day for infants 9–23 months of age, with
1–2 additional snacks as required;
● use fortified complementary foods or vitamin-mineral supplements as needed;
and
● during illness, increase fluid intake including more breastfeeding, and offer soft,
favourite foods.

15. NATIONAL GUIDELINES FOR INFANTS AND YOUNG CHILD FEEDING
IYCF
• Practise exclusive breastfeeding from birth to 6 months of age, and introduce
complementary foods at 6 months of age while continuing to breastfeed
. • Continue frequent, on-demand breastfeeding until 2 years of age or beyond
• Practise responsive feeding
• Practise good hygiene and proper food handling.
• Start at 6 months of age with small amounts of food and increase the quantity as the
child gets older, while maintaining frequent breastfeeding.
• Gradually increase food consistency and variety as the infant grows older, adapting to
the infant’s requirements and abilities.

16. • Increase the number of times that the child is fed complementary foods as the child gets
older.
• Feed a variety of nutrient-rich foods- non-vegetarian, fruits etc
• Use fortified complementary foods or vitamin-mineral supplements for the infant, as
needed
• During illness- increase fluid intake during illness, more frequent breastfeeding, and soft,
favourite foods. After illness, encourage the child to eat more