1. 1
The struggles
of a
modern,
democratic
society
Brazil

2. 2
Imagine a country with a more
representative, honest and accountable
democratic government, one that could
adequately house, feed, educate and
protect its people.

3. 3
Urbanization - too much, too
fast

4. 4
Natural Resource
Depletion

5. 5
Poverty & Social Justice

6. 6
800,000 Street Children: City
of God

7. 7
The Brazilian Government faces the task of enforcing
public order and reducing a violent crime rate so high it
has driven the rich to build higher fences, travel in
helicopters, and contract private security; and the poor to

8. 8
A Blended Society: Race in
Mixed Race
39%
Black
6%
Amerindia
Asian
n
1%
Asia
Amerindian
n
0.4%
Unknown
1%
White
53%

9. 9
Religion
Protestant
15%
Atheist
7%
Catholic
75% Spiritism
1%
Candomblé
0%
Other
2%

10. 10
The Beginning of Brazil:
Treaty of Tordesillas

11. 11
Historical Periods

12. 11
Historical Periods
1494 - 1821: Empire of Portugal, Brazil and Algarves

13. 11
Historical Periods
1494 - 1821: Empire of Portugal, Brazil and Algarves
1822 - 1888: Empire of Brazil

14. 11
Historical Periods
1494 - 1821: Empire of Portugal, Brazil and Algarves
1822 - 1888: Empire of Brazil
1889 - 1930: The Old Republic

15. 11
Historical Periods
1494 - 1821: Empire of Portugal, Brazil and Algarves
1822 - 1888: Empire of Brazil
1889 - 1930: The Old Republic
1930 - 1964: Estado Nôvo and Populism

16. 11
Historical Periods
1494 - 1821: Empire of Portugal, Brazil and Algarves
1822 - 1888: Empire of Brazil
1889 - 1930: The Old Republic
1930 - 1964: Estado Nôvo and Populism
1964 - 1985: Military Authoritarian

17. 11
Historical Periods
1494 - 1821: Empire of Portugal, Brazil and Algarves
1822 - 1888: Empire of Brazil
1889 - 1930: The Old Republic
1930 - 1964: Estado Nôvo and Populism
1964 - 1985: Military Authoritarian
arbertura política

18. 11
Historical Periods
1494 - 1821: Empire of Portugal, Brazil and Algarves
1822 - 1888: Empire of Brazil
1889 - 1930: The Old Republic
1930 - 1964: Estado Nôvo and Populism
1964 - 1985: Military Authoritarian
arbertura política
inflation and unemployment

19. 11
Historical Periods
1494 - 1821: Empire of Portugal, Brazil and Algarves
1822 - 1888: Empire of Brazil
1889 - 1930: The Old Republic
1930 - 1964: Estado Nôvo and Populism
1964 - 1985: Military Authoritarian
arbertura política
inflation and unemployment
loss of elite support

20. 12
Redemocratization: 1985 to
Constitution 1988 - 3 years after civilian control of legislature
1990 - First democratically elected President, Fernando Collor de
Mello

21. 13
Constitution of 1988
Executive Legislative

22. 13
Constitution of 1988
Executive Legislative
Central
Government

23. 13
Constitution of 1988
Executive Legislative
Elect President to 4-year term by majority, popular vote
Central
Government

24. 13
Constitution of 1988
Executive Legislative
Elect President to 4-year term by majority, popular vote
Central President
Government

25. 13
Constitution of 1988
Executive Legislative
Elect President to 4-year term by majority, popular vote
Central President
Elect 81 senators statewide by plurality, 8-year terms
Government

26. 13
Constitution of 1988
Executive Legislative
Senate
Elect President to 4-year term by majority, popular vote
Central President
Elect 81 senators statewide by plurality, 8-year terms
Government

27. 13
Constitution of 1988
Executive Legislative
Senate
Elect President to 4-year term by majority, popular vote
Central President
Elect 81 senators statewide by plurality, 8-year terms
Government Elect 513 deputies statewide by proportional represent-
ation for 4-year term

28. 13
Constitution of 1988
Executive Legislative
Senate
Elect President to 4-year term by majority, popular vote
Central President
Elect 81 senators statewide by plurality, 8-year terms
Government Chamber of
Elect 513 deputies statewide by proportional represent-
Deputies
ation for 4-year term

29. 13
Constitution of 1988
Executive Legislative
Senate
Elect President to 4-year term by majority, popular vote
Central President
Elect 81 senators statewide by plurality, 8-year terms
Government Chamber of
Elect 513 deputies statewide by proportional represent-
Deputies
ation for 4-year term
States &
Federal District
(26)

30. 13
Constitution of 1988
Executive Legislative
Senate
Elect President to 4-year term by majority, popular vote
Central President
Elect 81 senators statewide by plurality, 8-year terms
Government Chamber of
Elect 513 deputies statewide by proportional represent-
Deputies
ation for 4-year term
States & Elect governors for 4-year term by majority vote
Federal District
(26)

31. 13
Constitution of 1988
Executive Legislative
Senate
Elect President to 4-year term by majority, popular vote
Central President
Elect 81 senators statewide by plurality, 8-year terms
Government Chamber of
Elect 513 deputies statewide by proportional represent-
Deputies
ation for 4-year term
States & Elect governors for 4-year term by majority vote
Federal District Governors
(26)

32. 13
Constitution of 1988
Executive Legislative
Senate
Elect President to 4-year term by majority, popular vote
Central President
Elect 81 senators statewide by plurality, 8-year terms
Government Chamber of
Elect 513 deputies statewide by proportional represent-
Deputies
ation for 4-year term
States & Elect governors for 4-year term by majority vote
Federal District Governors
Elect state deputies by proportional representation for
(26) 4-year terms

33. 13
Constitution of 1988
Executive Legislative
Senate
Elect President to 4-year term by majority, popular vote
Central President
Elect 81 senators statewide by plurality, 8-year terms
Government Chamber of
Elect 513 deputies statewide by proportional represent-
Deputies
ation for 4-year term
States & Elect governors for 4-year term by majority vote
Federal District Governors Legislative
Elect state deputies by proportional representation for Assemblies
(26) 4-year terms

34. 13
Constitution of 1988
Executive Legislative
Senate
Elect President to 4-year term by majority, popular vote
Central President
Elect 81 senators statewide by plurality, 8-year terms
Government Chamber of
Elect 513 deputies statewide by proportional represent-
Deputies
ation for 4-year term
States & Elect governors for 4-year term by majority vote
Federal District Governors Legislative
Elect state deputies by proportional representation for Assemblies
(26) 4-year terms
Municípios
(5,513)

35. 13
Constitution of 1988
Executive Legislative
Senate
Elect President to 4-year term by majority, popular vote
Central President
Elect 81 senators statewide by plurality, 8-year terms
Government Chamber of
Elect 513 deputies statewide by proportional represent-
Deputies
ation for 4-year term
States & Elect governors for 4-year term by majority vote
Federal District Governors Legislative
Elect state deputies by proportional representation for Assemblies
(26) 4-year terms
Elect mayors for 4-year terms
Municípios
(5,513)

36. 13
Constitution of 1988
Executive Legislative
Senate
Elect President to 4-year term by majority, popular vote
Central President
Elect 81 senators statewide by plurality, 8-year terms
Government Chamber of
Elect 513 deputies statewide by proportional represent-
Deputies
ation for 4-year term
States & Elect governors for 4-year term by majority vote
Federal District Governors Legislative
Elect state deputies by proportional representation for Assemblies
(26) 4-year terms
Elect mayors for 4-year terms
Municípios
Mayors
(5,513)

37. 13
Constitution of 1988
Executive Legislative
Senate
Elect President to 4-year term by majority, popular vote
Central President
Elect 81 senators statewide by plurality, 8-year terms
Government Chamber of
Elect 513 deputies statewide by proportional represent-
Deputies
ation for 4-year term
States & Elect governors for 4-year term by majority vote
Federal District Governors Legislative
Elect state deputies by proportional representation for Assemblies
(26) 4-year terms
Elect mayors for 4-year terms
Municípios
Mayors
(5,513) Elect local councilors in proportional elections for
4-year terms

38. 13
Constitution of 1988
Executive Legislative
Senate
Elect President to 4-year term by majority, popular vote
Central President
Elect 81 senators statewide by plurality, 8-year terms
Government Chamber of
Elect 513 deputies statewide by proportional represent-
Deputies
ation for 4-year term
States & Elect governors for 4-year term by majority vote
Federal District Governors Legislative
Elect state deputies by proportional representation for Assemblies
(26) 4-year terms
Elect mayors for 4-year terms
Municípios
Mayors Councils
(5,513) Elect local councilors in proportional elections for
4-year terms

39. 14
Brazilian New Federalism
Revenue Redistribution
21.5% to States
22.5% to Municípios
Balanced Bicameralism
Senate - 3 from each state
Chamber of Deputies - 8 minimum, 70 maximum from
each state
Courts
Supreme Court
Labor Courts
Electoral Courts
Military Courts

40. 15
Electoral System

41. 15
Electoral System
Majority Vote
President, State Governors, and Mayors of cities over 200,000 voters
Runo between top two candidates if no candidate captures 50% of
vote.

42. 15
Electoral System
Majority Vote
President, State Governors, and Mayors of cities over 200,000 voters
Runo between top two candidates if no candidate captures 50% of
vote.
First Past the Post
Senators and Mayors of cities with less than 200,000 voters

43. 15
Electoral System
Majority Vote
President, State Governors, and Mayors of cities over 200,000 voters
Runo between top two candidates if no candidate captures 50% of
vote.
First Past the Post
Senators and Mayors of cities with less than 200,000 voters
Open-List Proportional Representation
Deputies
Individual vote totals determine the order of deputies on the party list

44. 16
Presidential Elections
Candidates Votes % 1st round Votes % 2nd round
Luiz Inácio Lula
46,662,365 48.61 58,295,042 60.83
da Silva
Geraldo Alckmin
39,968,369 41.64 37,543,178 39.17
(PSDB, PFL, PPS)
Heloísa Helena
6,575,393 6.85 - -
(P-SOL, PSTU,
PCB)
Cristovam
2,538,844 2.64 - -
Buarque (PDT)
Ana Maria Rangel
126,404 0.13 - -
(PRP)
José Maria
63,294 0.07 - -
Eymael (PSDC)
Luciano Bivar
62,064 0.06 - -
(PSL)
Total (turnout
95,996,733 100.00 95,838,220 100.00
83.2 and )

45. 17
Parties Chamber of Deputies Federal Senate
Votes % Seats Votes % Seats 2006
Workers' Party (Partido dos 16,222,15
13,989,859 15.0 83 19.2 11 2
Trabalhadores) 9
Brazilian Democratic Movement Party 10,148,02
13,580,517 14.6 89 12.0 15 4
(PMDB) 4
10,547,77
Brazilian Social Democracy Party (PSDB) 12,691,043 13.6 65 12.5 15 5
8
Liberal Front Party (Partido da Frente 21,653,81
10,182,308 10.9 65 25.7 18 6
Liberal) 2
6,662,309 7.1 42 4,228,431 5.0 1 1
Progressive Party (Partido Progresista)
Brazilian Socialist Party (Partido
5,732,464 6.2 27 2,143,355 2.5 3 1
Socialista Brasileiro)
Democratic Labour Party (Partido
4,854,017 5.2 24 5,023,041 6.0 5 1
Democrático Trabalhista)
Brazilian Labour Party (Partido
4,397,743 4.7 22 2,676,469 3.2 4 3
Trabalhista Brasileiro)
4,074,618 4.4 23 696,501 0.8 3 1
Liberal Party (Partido Liberal)
Socialist People's Party (Partido Popular
3,630,462 3.9 21 1,232,571 1.5 1 1
Socialista)
3,368,561 3.6 13 1,425,765 1.7 0 0
Green Party (Partido Verde)
Communist Party of Brazil (Partido
1,982,323 2.1 13 6,364,019 7.5 2 1
Comunista do Brasil)

46. 18
The Economy

47. 18
The Economy
Mercantile System

48. 18
The Economy
Mercantile System
Plantation agriculture and slavery

49. 18
The Economy
Mercantile System
Plantation agriculture and slavery
First wave of industrialization

50. 18
The Economy
Mercantile System
Plantation agriculture and slavery
First wave of industrialization
Import-Substitution

51. 18
The Economy
Mercantile System
Plantation agriculture and slavery
First wave of industrialization
Import-Substitution
Heavy industrialization

52. 18
The Economy
Mercantile System
Plantation agriculture and slavery
First wave of industrialization
Import-Substitution
Heavy industrialization

53. 18
The Economy
Mercantile System
Plantation agriculture and slavery
First wave of industrialization
Import-Substitution
Heavy industrialization
Debt service

54. 18
The Economy
Mercantile System
Plantation agriculture and slavery
First wave of industrialization
Import-Substitution
Heavy industrialization
Debt service
Real Plan

55. 18
The Economy
Mercantile System
Plantation agriculture and slavery
First wave of industrialization
Import-Substitution
Heavy industrialization
Debt service
Real Plan
privatization of state industries

56. 18
The Economy
Mercantile System
Plantation agriculture and slavery
First wave of industrialization
Import-Substitution
Heavy industrialization
Debt service
Real Plan
privatization of state industries
Fiscal Responsibility Law

57. 19
Income Distribution
Year 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Richest
47.44% 47.02% 46.19% 45.31% 45.31%
10%
Poorest
12.58% 12.98% 13.22% 13.85% 14.07%
50%
Gini
0.596 0.589 0.583 0.572 0.569
Coeficient

58. 20
Worldwide Income

59. 21
Poverty Policies
Fome Zero (Zero Hunger)
The program ranges from giving direct financial aid to the poorest families; to many
diverse areas, such as creating cisterns in Brazil's semi-arid, creating popular restaurants
with low prices, educating about healthy eating habits, distributing vitamins and iron
supplements, supporting family farming, giving access to credit by microcredit, and a few
other programs.
Bolsa Família
One positive eect of the program which is not immediately apparent is that it makes a
significant impact on the ability of the poorest families to eat. Children in public school
receive one free meal a day — two in the poorest areas — and so less of their family's
limited income is needed to pay for food.
In 2006, Bolsa Família is estimated to cost about 0.5% of Brazilian GDP and about 2.5% of
total government expenditure. It will cover about 11.2 million families, or about 44 million
Brazilians

60. 22
Violence and Disorder