1) The document describes a Fruit Salad Tree, which is a multi-grafted tree that grows multiple varieties of fruits like citrus, stone fruits, apples, and nashis on one tree.
2) Special care is required to maintain a balanced tree by pruning more vigorous growth and removing shoots from the rootstock.
3) Instructions are provided on planting, soil preparation, watering and care of the Fruit Salad Tree.
April - May 2009 High Desert Gardening MagazineSimm846q
The article discusses the benefits of leaving grass clippings on the lawn rather than bagging them, as clippings are a good source of nutrients for the grass and can reduce the need for fertilizer. It recommends mowing lawns frequently to help turf quality and break down clippings quickly, and notes that research shows clippings do not increase thatch buildup as was previously believed. Leaving clippings in place through frequent mowing can cut fertilizer needs in half and produce good quality lawns without added fertilizer for many years.
February - March 2009 High Desert Gardening MagazineSimm846q
This document provides information about growing chives in the high desert climate. It discusses the plant profile of chives, including that they are a perennial herb that does well in the high desert. It provides details on growing chives, such as exposure needs, water requirements, soil preferences, and how to start and care for chives. The document also discusses the attractive lavender flowers and foliage of chives and notes that chives can be harvested after the tops grow to 6 inches.
April - May 2010 High Desert Gardening MagazineSimm846q
This document provides tips for growing leaf lettuce and encouraging beneficial insects in gardens. It recommends planting leaf lettuce in full sun to partial shade, keeping the soil moist, and direct sowing seeds once soil temperatures are between 40-80°F. Beneficial insects like ladybugs and lacewings help control pests and should be attracted to gardens by planting herbs, flowers, and other plants they use as a food source. Fertilizing fruit trees requires applying phosphorus and potassium before planting, and nitrogen can be applied in late fall or early spring depending on the type of tree and its growth the previous year.
Leaf pots are made from large leaves that are rolled into cones and filled with soil. They allow seeds like beans, pumpkins, and cucumbers that cannot be directly transplanted to be started in a nursery where they receive proper care. Large leaves are chosen, twisted into cones, and pinned in shape. The cones are then filled with soil and sown with seeds. The leaf pots are placed in racks in the shade to protect the seedlings as they grow.
Xeriscape Priority Plant List - Oldman Watershed Council, CanadaSimm846q
The document provides information on several shrubs suitable for xeriscaping, including ninebark, shrubby cinquefoil, mugo pine, and thorny buffaloberry. It describes their origins, sizes, growth habits, maintenance needs, and highlights certain cultivars. Special notes emphasize their drought tolerance and usefulness for providing foliage color, flowers, winter interest, and screening. The document recommends selecting the properly sized cultivar for each plant's location and pruning some annually to promote growth.
This document provides information about propagating and growing various fruit trees, including:
1. Easy fruit propagation methods like runners for strawberries and suckers for raspberries are described. More complex methods like grafting and budding are also covered.
2. Details are given on propagating specific fruits by hardwood cuttings, including best times, cutting length, and how to prepare and plant the cuttings.
3. Information is provided on choosing the right rootstock for different fruit trees to determine size and soil adaptability. Recommended rootstocks are listed for apples, pears, stone fruits, citrus, and other trees.
4. Pests, diseases, and natural remedies are discussed,
Cover crops and green manures provide several key benefits to agricultural systems. They can be planted in winter or summer as cover crops or living mulches. Winter cover crops, like hairy vetch and rye, protect soil and fix nitrogen over winter in colder climates. Summer cover crops, such as cowpeas and soybeans, provide similar benefits during the summer. Cover crops improve soil organic matter, nitrogen levels, microbial activity, nutrient levels, and structure. They also enhance weed suppression, water retention, and help reduce erosion. Farmers must manage cover crops effectively to realize their benefits while avoiding limitations. Cover crops can be incorporated into crop rotations and pest management systems.
Why Grow Food in Your School Grounds: Outdoor Learning and PlayBenBeckers
This document provides guidance for growing food in a school garden over the course of a year. It discusses what can be grown and offers tips for each season. In spring, seeds should be chosen and planted. Care of the garden continues through the summer growing period. Autumn is for harvesting crops and holding celebrations. Winter is the time for planning improvements to the garden for the next cycle. The overall aim is to link the garden to the curriculum and encourage healthy eating.
April - May 2009 High Desert Gardening MagazineSimm846q
The article discusses the benefits of leaving grass clippings on the lawn rather than bagging them, as clippings are a good source of nutrients for the grass and can reduce the need for fertilizer. It recommends mowing lawns frequently to help turf quality and break down clippings quickly, and notes that research shows clippings do not increase thatch buildup as was previously believed. Leaving clippings in place through frequent mowing can cut fertilizer needs in half and produce good quality lawns without added fertilizer for many years.
February - March 2009 High Desert Gardening MagazineSimm846q
This document provides information about growing chives in the high desert climate. It discusses the plant profile of chives, including that they are a perennial herb that does well in the high desert. It provides details on growing chives, such as exposure needs, water requirements, soil preferences, and how to start and care for chives. The document also discusses the attractive lavender flowers and foliage of chives and notes that chives can be harvested after the tops grow to 6 inches.
April - May 2010 High Desert Gardening MagazineSimm846q
This document provides tips for growing leaf lettuce and encouraging beneficial insects in gardens. It recommends planting leaf lettuce in full sun to partial shade, keeping the soil moist, and direct sowing seeds once soil temperatures are between 40-80°F. Beneficial insects like ladybugs and lacewings help control pests and should be attracted to gardens by planting herbs, flowers, and other plants they use as a food source. Fertilizing fruit trees requires applying phosphorus and potassium before planting, and nitrogen can be applied in late fall or early spring depending on the type of tree and its growth the previous year.
Leaf pots are made from large leaves that are rolled into cones and filled with soil. They allow seeds like beans, pumpkins, and cucumbers that cannot be directly transplanted to be started in a nursery where they receive proper care. Large leaves are chosen, twisted into cones, and pinned in shape. The cones are then filled with soil and sown with seeds. The leaf pots are placed in racks in the shade to protect the seedlings as they grow.
Xeriscape Priority Plant List - Oldman Watershed Council, CanadaSimm846q
The document provides information on several shrubs suitable for xeriscaping, including ninebark, shrubby cinquefoil, mugo pine, and thorny buffaloberry. It describes their origins, sizes, growth habits, maintenance needs, and highlights certain cultivars. Special notes emphasize their drought tolerance and usefulness for providing foliage color, flowers, winter interest, and screening. The document recommends selecting the properly sized cultivar for each plant's location and pruning some annually to promote growth.
This document provides information about propagating and growing various fruit trees, including:
1. Easy fruit propagation methods like runners for strawberries and suckers for raspberries are described. More complex methods like grafting and budding are also covered.
2. Details are given on propagating specific fruits by hardwood cuttings, including best times, cutting length, and how to prepare and plant the cuttings.
3. Information is provided on choosing the right rootstock for different fruit trees to determine size and soil adaptability. Recommended rootstocks are listed for apples, pears, stone fruits, citrus, and other trees.
4. Pests, diseases, and natural remedies are discussed,
Cover crops and green manures provide several key benefits to agricultural systems. They can be planted in winter or summer as cover crops or living mulches. Winter cover crops, like hairy vetch and rye, protect soil and fix nitrogen over winter in colder climates. Summer cover crops, such as cowpeas and soybeans, provide similar benefits during the summer. Cover crops improve soil organic matter, nitrogen levels, microbial activity, nutrient levels, and structure. They also enhance weed suppression, water retention, and help reduce erosion. Farmers must manage cover crops effectively to realize their benefits while avoiding limitations. Cover crops can be incorporated into crop rotations and pest management systems.
Why Grow Food in Your School Grounds: Outdoor Learning and PlayBenBeckers
This document provides guidance for growing food in a school garden over the course of a year. It discusses what can be grown and offers tips for each season. In spring, seeds should be chosen and planted. Care of the garden continues through the summer growing period. Autumn is for harvesting crops and holding celebrations. Winter is the time for planning improvements to the garden for the next cycle. The overall aim is to link the garden to the curriculum and encourage healthy eating.
This document provides a list of water wise plant suggestions for homeowners in Santa Barbara's semi-arid climate. It includes trees, large shrubs, and smaller shrubs and perennials that are drought tolerant, pest resistant, and well-suited to the local conditions. For each plant, it provides a brief description and cultural information on sunlight, water, soil and pest requirements to help the homeowner select plants that can create a beautiful low-water landscape.
When to Harvest Vegetables - New Mexico State UniversityEric832w
This document provides harvesting guidelines for various vegetables. It recommends harvesting asparagus spears when 6 to 10 inches long, before heads open. Beans should be harvested when pods are full-sized but seeds are still tender. Carrots are ready when 3/4 to 1 1/2 inches in diameter. Tomatoes are ripe for picking at the pink stage while still firm. The guidelines aim to harvest vegetables at their peak quality before they become overmature or damaged.
Selecting Rhodes and Napier grass genotypes for dry areasILRI
A poster prepared by Jenni Ponsens, Evans Basweti and Jean Hanson for the ILRI Annual Program Meeting (APM) 2010, held at ILRI campus, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, April 14-17, 2010.
1) Preparing the soil and selecting seeds are important first steps for planting a vegetable garden. The soil should be cultivated, have organic matter added, and be at the proper moisture level before planting.
2) Seeds should be selected based on intended use, maturity time, and disease resistance. When to plant depends on the vegetable and temperatures.
3) Planting methods include sowing seeds directly, starting transplants indoors, and using techniques like furrows, hills and squares to efficiently use space. Proper spacing and depth is important for seed germination.
This document provides guidance for home gardeners on planning, planting, and caring for a vegetable garden. It discusses choosing a sunny, well-drained location and improving soil quality. The document includes a sample garden plan and planting guide with planting dates and spacing recommendations for common vegetables. It also provides instructions on fertilizing the garden, including establishing basic fertility, annual maintenance applications, using starter fertilizer for transplants, and side-dressing with nitrogen as needed throughout the growing season.
This document provides information about growing woody ornamentals for cut flowers. It discusses the advantages of woody cuts, including season extension and low pest problems. It recommends selecting plants that produce numerous long stems and have a long vase life. Tips are provided on site preparation, planting, pruning, and harvesting woody cuts. A table lists many suitable plant varieties and their characteristics. Forced branches are discussed as a way to have early flowers. Marketing channels for woody cuts are also described.
Bananas grow tropically in areas that are sunny and hot, particularly in Southeast Asia, Central and South America. There are several types of bananas including Cavendish, baby bananas, apple bananas, and red bananas. Plantains are often mistaken for bananas but are more starchy like potatoes and are usually cooked rather than eaten raw. Bananas provide fiber, vitamins, and potassium and count as one serving of fruit.
This document provides information on bulbs, corms, and tubers; hedges; and revision techniques. It describes soil preparation, planting, and maintenance for growing bulbs. It lists functions of hedges and steps for planting one. It identifies active revision techniques like reading, remembering, and doing as more effective, and identifies passive techniques as less effective.
This document discusses using California native perennial plants in gardens. It notes that perennials are plants that live more than two years and have soft above-ground foliage that dies back during dormant periods. The document distinguishes between herbaceous perennials and sub-shrubs, noting sub-shrubs are partially woody. When growing herbaceous perennials native to other regions in local Southern California gardens, the plants may not go dormant as expected since the drought or cold conditions that induce dormancy are absent. The document suggests native perennials could enhance maturing gardens but notes inspiration from other regions may not match the "New California Gardens" style.
This document discusses vegetative plant propagation methods including stem cuttings, layering, and division. It provides details on taking and caring for semi-ripe, hardwood, root, and herbaceous cuttings. Layering techniques like simple, serpentine, and air layering are explained as well as plants that can be propagated through each. Division is covered, highlighting its use for clump-forming, suckering, and rhizomatous plants. Specific plants that can be divided are listed along with aftercare for propagated cuttings, layers, and divisions.
This document provides information about using flowers in xeriscape gardens. It discusses improving soil with sphagnum peat before planting most flowers. Annuals and bulbs are well-suited to xeriscapes as they grow during cooler seasons. The document lists perennial and annual flower varieties suitable for sunny and shady spots in xeriscapes and recommends rock gardens as an attractive addition.
1) Paddy cultivation both affects and is affected by climate change. Farmers have observed changes in natural indicators of weather patterns.
2) Climate change impacts include increased CO2 increasing yields but higher temperatures above 31°C negatively impacting pollination, weeds, and grain quality. Salinity from rising sea levels also poses challenges.
3) Adaptation measures discussed include using varieties suited to local conditions like drought/salinity tolerance, proper water management, and raising beds to avoid flooded/saline soils.
Bigelow coreopsis and California bluebell are two attractive annual wildflowers that can be used in gardens. Bigelow coreopsis is a yellow flower native to southern California that blooms in the spring. It prefers full sun and low water needs once established. California bluebell is a purple/blue flower also native to southern California. It has large, scalloped leaves and blooms in the spring, preferring full sun and well-draining soil. Both flowers attract pollinators and combine well with other native wildflowers in the garden.
The document provides a summary of watercolor and pen illustrations and drawings completed by the artist, including: illustrations for an Ace Hardware magazine article on repotting plants; botanical illustrations as portfolio pieces; illustrations for a CEO's personal holiday card; house portraits for a private client; and illustrations for baby boy-themed fabric.
The document outlines the site planning goals and challenges for landscaping a property, including creating low maintenance, waterwise gardens while improving habitat, privacy, and views. It analyzes the sun, soil and drainage conditions around the house and develops planting plans for various areas of the front and back yards to address the goals of increasing curb appeal, adding edible plants, and better integrating the property with the surrounding green space. The plans suggest replacing grass with drought tolerant plants, adding screening and habitat vegetation, and incorporating play areas and vegetable gardens into the design.
Vegetable Gardening and Companion Planting - Campbell University, North Carolinasodj49v
Vegetable gardening can provide value through fresh produce, health benefits, exercise and attracting wildlife. Successful planning includes considering location, size, layout, crop selection based on climate and characteristics, and techniques like intercropping, succession planting, and companion planting. Ongoing cultivation requires regular watering, fertilizing, weed control, pest management, and plant support to optimize space and produce a bountiful harvest.
The document provides information on various plant species, including what other plants they like or dislike being planted near, what pests or insects they attract or repel, and additional comments. It lists over 50 different plants, describing characteristics like preferring partial shade or rich soil and uses including using leaves in salads or improving soil quality. The table format allows for comparisons of plant traits and interactions.
Forest gardening mimics natural forest ecosystems by planting edible and useful perennial species in multiple layers. Inspired by tropical examples, forest gardening pioneer Robert Hart created the first temperate forest garden in the UK. Forest gardens have many benefits, including being resilient, maintaining soil fertility, and providing diverse, nutrient-rich food. To start a forest garden, one should transform part of their garden, research suitable plant species, and install plants in mutually beneficial guilds. Ongoing care mostly involves harvesting the sustainable yield.
Canopy management strategies like pruning, flower pruning, fruit thinning, cincturing, and plant growth regulators can help overcome alternate bearing in mango trees. Pruning aims to balance vegetative and reproductive growth to avoid heavy 'on' crops followed by light 'off' crops. Flower pruning and fruit thinning reduce flowering and fruiting in 'on' years. Cincturing and plant growth regulators increase flowering and yield. Proper timing of these techniques is important to influence the next year's crop. Research shows strategies like stumping and plant growth regulators can increase flowering, reduce shoot growth, and improve yields compared to untreated trees.
This document discusses growing fruit trees in urban spaces and provides guidance on training trees into a tall spindle shape to control their size. It notes that untreated fruit trees can grow too tall for easy harvesting and maintenance. The tall spindle technique uses dwarfing rootstocks, branch bending, and pruning the leader to control tree height while maximizing fruit production. Branches are bent horizontally and the largest ones removed annually to encourage fruiting and prevent the tree from becoming too large for its space.
Pruning mandarin trees improves fruit quality and marketable yields by increasing light penetration and removing unproductive branches. It also reduces costs by facilitating orchard maintenance tasks. The optimal time to prune is in late winter or early spring after freeze risk has passed. Proper pruning tools and techniques help direct growth and control pests and diseases. Regular pruning maintains tree health and structure for high quality fruit production.
Managing Large Crop Loads FINAL CompressedByron Phillips
This document discusses strategies for maximizing cherry fruit size, including pruning tactics to encourage young, upright fruiting wood; managing crop load and leaf area to fruit ratios; reducing environmental stress through irrigation, covers, and pruning timing; ensuring large, strong buds through proper nutrition and light penetration; and using plant growth regulators like ProGibb applied at the end of pit hardening to increase cell size and fruit size. Different training systems are recommended based on rootstock precocity and include open vase, central leader, and KGB styles.
This document provides a list of water wise plant suggestions for homeowners in Santa Barbara's semi-arid climate. It includes trees, large shrubs, and smaller shrubs and perennials that are drought tolerant, pest resistant, and well-suited to the local conditions. For each plant, it provides a brief description and cultural information on sunlight, water, soil and pest requirements to help the homeowner select plants that can create a beautiful low-water landscape.
When to Harvest Vegetables - New Mexico State UniversityEric832w
This document provides harvesting guidelines for various vegetables. It recommends harvesting asparagus spears when 6 to 10 inches long, before heads open. Beans should be harvested when pods are full-sized but seeds are still tender. Carrots are ready when 3/4 to 1 1/2 inches in diameter. Tomatoes are ripe for picking at the pink stage while still firm. The guidelines aim to harvest vegetables at their peak quality before they become overmature or damaged.
Selecting Rhodes and Napier grass genotypes for dry areasILRI
A poster prepared by Jenni Ponsens, Evans Basweti and Jean Hanson for the ILRI Annual Program Meeting (APM) 2010, held at ILRI campus, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, April 14-17, 2010.
1) Preparing the soil and selecting seeds are important first steps for planting a vegetable garden. The soil should be cultivated, have organic matter added, and be at the proper moisture level before planting.
2) Seeds should be selected based on intended use, maturity time, and disease resistance. When to plant depends on the vegetable and temperatures.
3) Planting methods include sowing seeds directly, starting transplants indoors, and using techniques like furrows, hills and squares to efficiently use space. Proper spacing and depth is important for seed germination.
This document provides guidance for home gardeners on planning, planting, and caring for a vegetable garden. It discusses choosing a sunny, well-drained location and improving soil quality. The document includes a sample garden plan and planting guide with planting dates and spacing recommendations for common vegetables. It also provides instructions on fertilizing the garden, including establishing basic fertility, annual maintenance applications, using starter fertilizer for transplants, and side-dressing with nitrogen as needed throughout the growing season.
This document provides information about growing woody ornamentals for cut flowers. It discusses the advantages of woody cuts, including season extension and low pest problems. It recommends selecting plants that produce numerous long stems and have a long vase life. Tips are provided on site preparation, planting, pruning, and harvesting woody cuts. A table lists many suitable plant varieties and their characteristics. Forced branches are discussed as a way to have early flowers. Marketing channels for woody cuts are also described.
Bananas grow tropically in areas that are sunny and hot, particularly in Southeast Asia, Central and South America. There are several types of bananas including Cavendish, baby bananas, apple bananas, and red bananas. Plantains are often mistaken for bananas but are more starchy like potatoes and are usually cooked rather than eaten raw. Bananas provide fiber, vitamins, and potassium and count as one serving of fruit.
This document provides information on bulbs, corms, and tubers; hedges; and revision techniques. It describes soil preparation, planting, and maintenance for growing bulbs. It lists functions of hedges and steps for planting one. It identifies active revision techniques like reading, remembering, and doing as more effective, and identifies passive techniques as less effective.
This document discusses using California native perennial plants in gardens. It notes that perennials are plants that live more than two years and have soft above-ground foliage that dies back during dormant periods. The document distinguishes between herbaceous perennials and sub-shrubs, noting sub-shrubs are partially woody. When growing herbaceous perennials native to other regions in local Southern California gardens, the plants may not go dormant as expected since the drought or cold conditions that induce dormancy are absent. The document suggests native perennials could enhance maturing gardens but notes inspiration from other regions may not match the "New California Gardens" style.
This document discusses vegetative plant propagation methods including stem cuttings, layering, and division. It provides details on taking and caring for semi-ripe, hardwood, root, and herbaceous cuttings. Layering techniques like simple, serpentine, and air layering are explained as well as plants that can be propagated through each. Division is covered, highlighting its use for clump-forming, suckering, and rhizomatous plants. Specific plants that can be divided are listed along with aftercare for propagated cuttings, layers, and divisions.
This document provides information about using flowers in xeriscape gardens. It discusses improving soil with sphagnum peat before planting most flowers. Annuals and bulbs are well-suited to xeriscapes as they grow during cooler seasons. The document lists perennial and annual flower varieties suitable for sunny and shady spots in xeriscapes and recommends rock gardens as an attractive addition.
1) Paddy cultivation both affects and is affected by climate change. Farmers have observed changes in natural indicators of weather patterns.
2) Climate change impacts include increased CO2 increasing yields but higher temperatures above 31°C negatively impacting pollination, weeds, and grain quality. Salinity from rising sea levels also poses challenges.
3) Adaptation measures discussed include using varieties suited to local conditions like drought/salinity tolerance, proper water management, and raising beds to avoid flooded/saline soils.
Bigelow coreopsis and California bluebell are two attractive annual wildflowers that can be used in gardens. Bigelow coreopsis is a yellow flower native to southern California that blooms in the spring. It prefers full sun and low water needs once established. California bluebell is a purple/blue flower also native to southern California. It has large, scalloped leaves and blooms in the spring, preferring full sun and well-draining soil. Both flowers attract pollinators and combine well with other native wildflowers in the garden.
The document provides a summary of watercolor and pen illustrations and drawings completed by the artist, including: illustrations for an Ace Hardware magazine article on repotting plants; botanical illustrations as portfolio pieces; illustrations for a CEO's personal holiday card; house portraits for a private client; and illustrations for baby boy-themed fabric.
The document outlines the site planning goals and challenges for landscaping a property, including creating low maintenance, waterwise gardens while improving habitat, privacy, and views. It analyzes the sun, soil and drainage conditions around the house and develops planting plans for various areas of the front and back yards to address the goals of increasing curb appeal, adding edible plants, and better integrating the property with the surrounding green space. The plans suggest replacing grass with drought tolerant plants, adding screening and habitat vegetation, and incorporating play areas and vegetable gardens into the design.
Vegetable Gardening and Companion Planting - Campbell University, North Carolinasodj49v
Vegetable gardening can provide value through fresh produce, health benefits, exercise and attracting wildlife. Successful planning includes considering location, size, layout, crop selection based on climate and characteristics, and techniques like intercropping, succession planting, and companion planting. Ongoing cultivation requires regular watering, fertilizing, weed control, pest management, and plant support to optimize space and produce a bountiful harvest.
The document provides information on various plant species, including what other plants they like or dislike being planted near, what pests or insects they attract or repel, and additional comments. It lists over 50 different plants, describing characteristics like preferring partial shade or rich soil and uses including using leaves in salads or improving soil quality. The table format allows for comparisons of plant traits and interactions.
Forest gardening mimics natural forest ecosystems by planting edible and useful perennial species in multiple layers. Inspired by tropical examples, forest gardening pioneer Robert Hart created the first temperate forest garden in the UK. Forest gardens have many benefits, including being resilient, maintaining soil fertility, and providing diverse, nutrient-rich food. To start a forest garden, one should transform part of their garden, research suitable plant species, and install plants in mutually beneficial guilds. Ongoing care mostly involves harvesting the sustainable yield.
Canopy management strategies like pruning, flower pruning, fruit thinning, cincturing, and plant growth regulators can help overcome alternate bearing in mango trees. Pruning aims to balance vegetative and reproductive growth to avoid heavy 'on' crops followed by light 'off' crops. Flower pruning and fruit thinning reduce flowering and fruiting in 'on' years. Cincturing and plant growth regulators increase flowering and yield. Proper timing of these techniques is important to influence the next year's crop. Research shows strategies like stumping and plant growth regulators can increase flowering, reduce shoot growth, and improve yields compared to untreated trees.
This document discusses growing fruit trees in urban spaces and provides guidance on training trees into a tall spindle shape to control their size. It notes that untreated fruit trees can grow too tall for easy harvesting and maintenance. The tall spindle technique uses dwarfing rootstocks, branch bending, and pruning the leader to control tree height while maximizing fruit production. Branches are bent horizontally and the largest ones removed annually to encourage fruiting and prevent the tree from becoming too large for its space.
Pruning mandarin trees improves fruit quality and marketable yields by increasing light penetration and removing unproductive branches. It also reduces costs by facilitating orchard maintenance tasks. The optimal time to prune is in late winter or early spring after freeze risk has passed. Proper pruning tools and techniques help direct growth and control pests and diseases. Regular pruning maintains tree health and structure for high quality fruit production.
Managing Large Crop Loads FINAL CompressedByron Phillips
This document discusses strategies for maximizing cherry fruit size, including pruning tactics to encourage young, upright fruiting wood; managing crop load and leaf area to fruit ratios; reducing environmental stress through irrigation, covers, and pruning timing; ensuring large, strong buds through proper nutrition and light penetration; and using plant growth regulators like ProGibb applied at the end of pit hardening to increase cell size and fruit size. Different training systems are recommended based on rootstock precocity and include open vase, central leader, and KGB styles.
The document provides an overview of pruning techniques and concepts for trees. It defines key pruning terms and describes the various types of pruning including structural pruning, pruning for health, safety and aesthetics, crown thinning, raising and reduction. Improper pruning techniques like topping are explained. Compartmentalization and wound dressings are also covered.
The document provides an overview of tree identification and classification. It discusses the key terms and classifications used in botany, including divisions of plantae (gymnosperms and angiosperms), classes (monocotyledons and dicotyledons), and the use of genus and species names in plant nomenclature. It also describes some of the morphological features used to identify trees, such as leaf and bud arrangements, margins, bases, and venation patterns.
Training and pruning practices are used to promote favorable growth patterns in peach trees and bring them into early production. Developing a strong framework and promoting sunlight penetration throughout the canopy are also important objectives. Various training systems exist, including open center, quad-V, perpendicular-V, and central leader. Summer pruning is essential to improve flowering and increase light levels in the canopy. Pruning aims to retain quality bearing wood while removing unproductive wood. The type of training system impacts yield, fruit size and quality, labor costs, and profitability.
Pruning trees is important to remove hazards, improve structure, and provide clearance. It should be done at the proper time of year and using proper techniques like the three cut method to avoid included bark and promote compartmentalization. Pruning types include structural pruning to establish a strong structure, crown cleaning to remove deadwood, and crown thinning to improve health and appearance while following the 25% rule. Topping is not recommended as it can damage a tree.
This document provides information and guidance for growing fruit trees and berries in Northern Nevada. It discusses selecting suitable varieties, planting, care practices like pruning and spraying, and dealing with pests and diseases. Key recommendations include planting bare root trees in spring, choosing late blooming and early ripening varieties on dwarfing rootstocks, and following an integrated pest management spray program timed to relevant degree days. The goal is establishing low maintenance, high yielding home orchards and berry patches.
This document provides guidance on pruning citrus trees. It recommends making clean cuts above the branch collar to promote healing without damaging the tree. Large branches should be removed using a three-cut method to prevent tearing. Regular pruning of small branches is best to remove dead wood and open the canopy for sunlight. Canopies should be thinned every few years and skirts pruned above ground level. Prunings can be composted rather than burned to benefit the soil. The goal is to shape trees for production while protecting them from pests and disease.
Understanding of Self - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
ProSocial Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Procrastination is a common challenge that many individuals face when it comes to completing tasks and achieving goals. It can hinder productivity and lead to feelings of stress and frustration.
However, with the right strategies and mindset, it is possible to overcome procrastination and increase productivity.
In this article, we will explore the causes of procrastination, how to recognize the signs of procrastination in oneself, and effective strategies for overcoming procrastination and boosting productivity.
You may be stressed about revealing your cancer diagnosis to your child or children.
Children love stories and these often provide parents with a means of broaching tricky subjects and so the ‘The Secret Warrior’ book was especially written for CANSA TLC, by creative writer and social worker, Sally Ann Carter.
Find out more:
https://cansa.org.za/resources-to-help-share-a-parent-or-loved-ones-cancer-diagnosis-with-a-child/
Aggression - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
As we navigate through the ebbs and flows of life, it is natural to experience moments of low motivation and dwindling passion for our goals.
However, it is important to remember that this is a common hurdle that can be overcome with the right strategies in place.
In this guide, we will explore ways to rekindle the fire within you and stay motivated towards your aspirations.
Strategies to rekindle the fire inside you and stay motivated.pdf
Bonsai Care leaflet
1. Choose From 4 Different 2 SPECIAL CARE REQUIREMENTS
Trees: Fruit Salad Point 1 Keep Tree Balanced !
MATURE HEIGHT FOR TREES: (in ground)
Citrus is dwarfing, height (h) about 2 metres, width (w) 2 metres.
Stone Fruits (h) about 3 metres, (w) about 2.5 metres.
Trees
STONE FRUIT TREE: Establish a well ‘balanced’ tree by pruning back Apples (h) 2 metres, (w) 2 metres
grows assorted combinations of the more vigorous growing grafts, any time and Nashis can reach (h) 3-4 metres, (w) 2-2.5 metres.
2 Peaches, 2 Apricots, 2 Nectarines, regularly during the growing season. Thin out
All trees can be grown by espalier method (see
2 Plums and Peachcots branching of each graft, if needed, to equalize
Up to
CITRUS TREE:
grows assorted combinations of
8 Different
Fruits on
growth vigour! Otherwise the more vigorous
growers will become bigger and bigger, and
dominate, at the expense of the slower
growers. This should be done once a month and
heading), to save space, or in "stand alone" position.
When growing in a POT, size of tree will be determined
by size of the pot. E.g. half wine barrel pot, tree would
reach about half ‘in ground’ size. See “large pot growing”.
2 Oranges, Mandarin, Lemon, Lime,
is especially important while the tree is young PLANTING OUT:
Grapefruit, Tangelo, Pomelo
APPLE TREE:
One Tree
IN GARDENS or IN POTS
and developing! Continue to maintain a
'balance' of growth for each graft, until mature
height is reached.
Planting can be done anytime. Soak tree in a bucket
overnight prior to planting out. Remove from pot by
grows different Apples only cutting bag with a knife. Spread out roots a little. Dig a
Hint: Keep each graft confined to grow in little wider than pot, to depth of 2/3 of pot, leaving 1/3
Care Instructions
The Fruit Salad tree is a very its own area of the tree, this will assist in
NASHI TREE: above ground. This will ensure good drainage. Make
practical and unique tree for recognizing the faster and slower growers. sure lower branch union is well above soil. Stake the
grows different Nashis only the small backyard because it's tree to secure.
a multi-grafted tree that Point 2 Remove Rootstock Growth! If soil is heavy clay then add a few handfuls of
produces a variety of different gypsum on top of ground and a little into the
Any new shoots emerging from the main
fruits, all on the one tree! This central stem of the tree or from ground level, hole. If sandy soil, add organic matter. Mound
eliminates the "glut" that is up with good top soil, put animal manure on
must be removed. This is growth of the
familiar with a single variety top (older is better) OR if available, compost.
rootstock tree. It’s purpose is to nourish the Other options are Dynamic Lifter
tree. Each graft grows attached grafts. (equivalent) OR blood and bone.
2003 FINALIST independently from the others Hint: Identify the different grafts growing Alternatively use the slow release
and therefore all the different from the main central stem (e.g. put a dub
Fruit Salad Tree Co. fruits retain their own of paint), these are the anchor points of
fertiliser Osmocote (containing trace
elements) and mix in with soil.
NATIONAL DISTRIBUTORS (Lic No.R3914641) each graft. Check and remove all other Water in well with each layer of soil
characteristics eg. flavour,
James & Kerry West appearance, ripening time. growth from the central stem (rootstock). mixture, leaving no air pockets and firm
2369 Gulf Road, Emmaville NSW 2371 Citrus rootstock has long thorns and a small 3 down. Add mulch on top to keep moist. Water next
day, then twice weekly for 3 weeks / as required.
Phone /Fax: 02 - 6734 7204 WARM CLIMATES or
pronged leaf, always remove this growth.
E: sales@fruitsaladtrees.com
www.fruitsaladtrees.com COLD CLIMATES PTO for further instructions.
2. added protection, put a small amount of the
WATERING: FIRST FRUITS: solution into a container, hang on the tree or
SHAPING OF THE FRUIT TREE:
Keep plant moist at all times, watering more First fruits will appear in approximately 6 – 18 nearby, and fix so that fruit fly has access to the All growth needs to be encouraged in direction
months. It's best to remove most of these liquid but it's protected from rain. *Protein away from the centre of the tree. Sunlight
often during the hotter months. A good layer needs to be filtering to all branches and fruits,
fruits when the size of a tiny pea and allow the Hydrolysate can be purchased from Bugs for Bugs
of mulch promotes a more consistent moisture framework (branches) of all the grafts to so keep centre of tree open. Pinch out any
(07) 4165 4663, if not available locally.
level. Weekly deep watering is best, i.e. leave develop first. This is especially important whilst inward growing branches and those growing in
hose on trickle overnight. This promotes a the tree is young. As the tree grows, thin out the wrong direction, this will not harm the tree
deeper root development for the tree, rather the amount of fruit to set, always promoting LARGE POT GROWING: but redirects energy to the outward growing
Planting can be done any time of the year. Late in the day branches. When branching is growing too long,
than surface watering. Reduce watering habits branch growth as well. Framework needs to be
when weather cooler is best. Soak tree in a bucket cut to ‘bush up’. Cut above an
for dormant trees during winter months. ahead of fruit production. More fruit may be outward pointing bud or leaf.
allowed to set on any faster growing grafts overnight prior to planting out. Remove from pot by
cutting bag with a knife. Knock off about half the old soil If too much branching, thin out to
however, always reduce fruits on the slower make a strong framework.
and tease out roots a little. Start with a pot a little wider
growers.
FERTILISING: than original size and progressively pot up each year so
that in five years time, tree will reach half wine barrell size.
Fertilize twice a year! APPLY late winter and Tree can also be planted into a very large pot to start, but ANNUAL WINTER PRUNING
late summer. Cow or animal manure (older is
Growing - Espalier Method remember to change the soil at least every two years and Stone Fruits: Apart from the continual
better) and compost are excellent fertilizers. This method saves space and is especially fertilise more often. pruning for shape and balance, apply annual
helpful for apples and nashi trees as it provides Use a good potting mix and enrich by adding 1 Tlsp of pruning, in early winter. Prune 1/3 (young tree)
Otherwise suggestions would be: a slow
extra support Osmocote (slow release fertilizer) that includes trace to 1⁄2 (mature tree) of the current year’s
release fertilizer (Osmocote with added trace elements. Mix altogether and wash in well. Add mulch on growth, cut above an outward bud. The colour
elements) mix into the soil, Blood and Bone for heavy top. Fertilise from top at least twice a year - suggestions of the bark will indicate the amount of growth
types, Dynamic Lifter/equivalent. No more than cropping. see 'Fertilising'. Water crystals can also be added and keep for the last season.
one or two of these fertilisers to each Attach the a tray under the pot.
When potting up to next size, place pot on its side and For Stone Fruit Trees only: It is most important
application. From time to time can add kitchen branching to spray the tree for prevention of the disease
remove. Knock off half the used soil, tease out
scraps under mulch to attract earthworms. sideways along roots a little and replant as above into the larger 'Leaf Curl'
wires or pot. Increase in pot size each year. 1. At Leaf Fall i.e. autumn (by early May -
When using fertilizers, keep from direct contact
with trunk of tree. Top up mulch when framework. To maintain same pot size, trim off any excess remove leaves if not yet fallen), spray
Secure branches with expandable ties. roots, i.e. those wrapping tightly around the thoroughly with Lime Sulphur, twice, a week
required. outside of the root system. Then immediately cut apart. (Hand sprayer)
back the branching of the tree, to compensate for 2. Use a Copper spray, adding a few drops of
FRUIT FLY BAITING: loss of those roots. Also knock off half the used soil, dishwashing liquid, at bud swell (before bud
tease out remaining roots and repot back into the
SUN REQUIREMENTS: No spraying required for the tree or fruit. Mix same pot with fresh soil and nutrients. Continue this
burst), when tree is beginning to 'wake up'
into 1 Litre of water, 20ml Protein Hydrolysate from dormancy. Can be as early as June! Do this
Best to place in position maintenance in same pot i.e. 'bonsai'. After repeated twice, a week apart (Hand sprayer).
and 10ml Maldison. Apply 60ml of the solution same size repotting,more inner roots will also need to be
with full day sun or a by splashing onto trunk of tree. Begin to apply removed. Citrus: After fruiting, cut back just a little
minimum of half day, approx 1 month before fruit due to ripen The size of the tree will be determined by the size of the and thin out branching for sunlight penetration.
sheltered from wind if possible. (when large marble size and still rock hard). pot. See "Height for Trees". Tree will produce normal size Heavy pruning is not required.
Apply weekly and reapply after rain. To provide fruits - even in a pot!