Body composition and fat distribution is an unknown factor in many clinical trials conducted in the metabolic area today. Many studies are likely conducted in a population thought to be homogeneous, while those studies actually include subjects with vastly different body compositions associated with completely different metabolic disease profiles. The answer to whom should be included and which subjects respond best to a treatment could lie in body composition.
Menezes, 2012 - An Optimal Method for Measuring Body Fat in Overweight Indivi...Mariana Menezes
This study compared two methods for measuring body fat percentage in overweight individuals - skinfold thickness (SF) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). 85 overweight or obese adults and elderly patients were evaluated. The percentage of body fat estimated by SF was significantly higher than BIA, but a moderate correlation and strong concordance was observed between the two methods. Both SF and BIA showed significant correlations with BMI and waist circumference, but BIA had stronger correlations. The study concluded that while the methods produced different estimates, they provided similar classifications of individuals. BIA also had better correlation with anthropometric indicators, suggesting it may be a preferable method for measuring body fat in clinical practice.
This document discusses the relationship between obesity and cancer. It notes that cancer causes more deaths worldwide than malaria, tuberculosis, HIV, or childhood diarrhea combined. Obesity is a leading cause of several types of cancer. Randomized controlled trials have shown that intentional weight loss reduces levels of inflammatory markers like CRP that are implicated in cancer development. Understanding the biological mechanisms such as hormones, growth factors, and inflammation linking obesity to cancer can help identify targets for prevention through lifestyle changes and weight management.
2018-04-18 المؤتمر العلمي الثاني للمعهد القومي لعلوم المسنين جامعة بني سويف بعنوان" التحديات والمستجدات العالمية في رعاية المسنين"
http://www.bsu.edu.eg/ShowConfDetails.aspx?conf_id=217
This document summarizes a presentation on racial and ethnic differences in obesity given by Professor TH Lam. Some key points:
- Asians generally have higher body fat percentage at a given BMI compared to Caucasians. The same is true for different ethnic groups within Asia.
- Studies show associations between obesity measures like BMI, waist circumference, and body fat percentage with health risks like diabetes and cardiovascular disease. However, more data is needed comparing different ethnic groups using standardized methods.
- Factors like socioeconomic development and differences between populations in different regions/countries may help explain some ethnic/racial differences in obesity and health risks. Considering populations at different stages of obesity epidemics is also important.
This document discusses the relationship between excess body weight, metabolic risk factors, and pancreatic cancer. It summarizes several meta-analyses and prospective cohort studies that found increased risks of pancreatic cancer associated with higher BMI, diabetes, and blood glucose levels. Specifically, a BMI over 30 was associated with a 6-12 times increased risk of pancreatic cancer. Diabetes was also found to double the risk of pancreatic cancer. Multiple biomarkers related to inflammation and glucose metabolism were also found to correlate with higher risks of pancreatic cancer. However, the document notes that the exact mechanisms linking metabolic factors and pancreatic cancer require further study.
A Retrospective Study to Investigate Association among Age, BMI and BMD in th...IOSR Journals
Bone strength (and, hence, fracture risk) is dependent on many qualities of bone, of which bone mineral density (BMD) is the most commonly measured. Association between advancing age and lower body mass index (BMI) is an important risk factor in the occurrence of low BMD. This study was aimed at evaluation of the association among age, BMI and status of BMD among 159 age matched postmenopausal women who underwent Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptimetry (DEXA) scan. The study population was divided into three groups on the basis of body mass index (BMI) as normal weight, obese and severely obese. The mean bone mineral density (BMD) of obese and severely obese postmenopausal women was found to be significantly higher (P value < 0.001) as compared to the mean BMD of normal weight women. Significant negative correlation was found between the age and BMI except in severely obese group (P value < 0.05). Age and BMD in all the three groups correlated negatively (P value < 0.01) in all the three groups. BMD and BMI in the normal weight group significantly correlated negatively (P value < 0.05) while a very weak positive but insignificant correlation existed between the same in the obese and severely obese postmenopausal women. The study revealed that with advancing age BMD is lowered and that higher BMI might have a positive influence (although not significant as observed in the present study) on the BMD. Other factors like exposure to sunlight, calcium intake, diet etc should also be investigated which could not be probed in the present study as it was a retrospective analysis.
Body composition and Military PerformanceJA Larson
The document discusses the purpose and history of U.S. military body composition standards. It notes that standards aim to promote physical readiness while balancing health, performance, and appearance factors. Standards originated in the 1980s following recommendations that all military services adopt body fat-based programs. Gender-appropriate standards were set, though standards for women were initially tightened too much. The document also discusses how job-specific strength standards were abandoned as large size/strength were found not to define military job performance. Overall, standards seek to motivate fitness while not excluding potentially strong soldiers.
Assesment of metabolic syndrome among teaching and nonqasim Muhammad
This document provides an introduction and outline for a study assessing metabolic syndrome among teaching and non-teaching staff at the University of Sargodha. The introduction defines metabolic syndrome and its components, risk factors, diagnosis criteria, relationship to cardiovascular disease and diabetes, and global prevalence rates. It also discusses foods that may cause or reduce metabolic syndrome. The objectives are to assess metabolic syndrome and correlate volunteers' nutrition with metabolic syndrome. The research methodology section outlines ethical approval, study site/population, cross-sectional design, standard operating procedures for assessments, selection of volunteers, dietary intake assessment using a food frequency questionnaire, and statistical analysis.
Menezes, 2012 - An Optimal Method for Measuring Body Fat in Overweight Indivi...Mariana Menezes
This study compared two methods for measuring body fat percentage in overweight individuals - skinfold thickness (SF) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). 85 overweight or obese adults and elderly patients were evaluated. The percentage of body fat estimated by SF was significantly higher than BIA, but a moderate correlation and strong concordance was observed between the two methods. Both SF and BIA showed significant correlations with BMI and waist circumference, but BIA had stronger correlations. The study concluded that while the methods produced different estimates, they provided similar classifications of individuals. BIA also had better correlation with anthropometric indicators, suggesting it may be a preferable method for measuring body fat in clinical practice.
This document discusses the relationship between obesity and cancer. It notes that cancer causes more deaths worldwide than malaria, tuberculosis, HIV, or childhood diarrhea combined. Obesity is a leading cause of several types of cancer. Randomized controlled trials have shown that intentional weight loss reduces levels of inflammatory markers like CRP that are implicated in cancer development. Understanding the biological mechanisms such as hormones, growth factors, and inflammation linking obesity to cancer can help identify targets for prevention through lifestyle changes and weight management.
2018-04-18 المؤتمر العلمي الثاني للمعهد القومي لعلوم المسنين جامعة بني سويف بعنوان" التحديات والمستجدات العالمية في رعاية المسنين"
http://www.bsu.edu.eg/ShowConfDetails.aspx?conf_id=217
This document summarizes a presentation on racial and ethnic differences in obesity given by Professor TH Lam. Some key points:
- Asians generally have higher body fat percentage at a given BMI compared to Caucasians. The same is true for different ethnic groups within Asia.
- Studies show associations between obesity measures like BMI, waist circumference, and body fat percentage with health risks like diabetes and cardiovascular disease. However, more data is needed comparing different ethnic groups using standardized methods.
- Factors like socioeconomic development and differences between populations in different regions/countries may help explain some ethnic/racial differences in obesity and health risks. Considering populations at different stages of obesity epidemics is also important.
This document discusses the relationship between excess body weight, metabolic risk factors, and pancreatic cancer. It summarizes several meta-analyses and prospective cohort studies that found increased risks of pancreatic cancer associated with higher BMI, diabetes, and blood glucose levels. Specifically, a BMI over 30 was associated with a 6-12 times increased risk of pancreatic cancer. Diabetes was also found to double the risk of pancreatic cancer. Multiple biomarkers related to inflammation and glucose metabolism were also found to correlate with higher risks of pancreatic cancer. However, the document notes that the exact mechanisms linking metabolic factors and pancreatic cancer require further study.
A Retrospective Study to Investigate Association among Age, BMI and BMD in th...IOSR Journals
Bone strength (and, hence, fracture risk) is dependent on many qualities of bone, of which bone mineral density (BMD) is the most commonly measured. Association between advancing age and lower body mass index (BMI) is an important risk factor in the occurrence of low BMD. This study was aimed at evaluation of the association among age, BMI and status of BMD among 159 age matched postmenopausal women who underwent Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptimetry (DEXA) scan. The study population was divided into three groups on the basis of body mass index (BMI) as normal weight, obese and severely obese. The mean bone mineral density (BMD) of obese and severely obese postmenopausal women was found to be significantly higher (P value < 0.001) as compared to the mean BMD of normal weight women. Significant negative correlation was found between the age and BMI except in severely obese group (P value < 0.05). Age and BMD in all the three groups correlated negatively (P value < 0.01) in all the three groups. BMD and BMI in the normal weight group significantly correlated negatively (P value < 0.05) while a very weak positive but insignificant correlation existed between the same in the obese and severely obese postmenopausal women. The study revealed that with advancing age BMD is lowered and that higher BMI might have a positive influence (although not significant as observed in the present study) on the BMD. Other factors like exposure to sunlight, calcium intake, diet etc should also be investigated which could not be probed in the present study as it was a retrospective analysis.
Body composition and Military PerformanceJA Larson
The document discusses the purpose and history of U.S. military body composition standards. It notes that standards aim to promote physical readiness while balancing health, performance, and appearance factors. Standards originated in the 1980s following recommendations that all military services adopt body fat-based programs. Gender-appropriate standards were set, though standards for women were initially tightened too much. The document also discusses how job-specific strength standards were abandoned as large size/strength were found not to define military job performance. Overall, standards seek to motivate fitness while not excluding potentially strong soldiers.
Assesment of metabolic syndrome among teaching and nonqasim Muhammad
This document provides an introduction and outline for a study assessing metabolic syndrome among teaching and non-teaching staff at the University of Sargodha. The introduction defines metabolic syndrome and its components, risk factors, diagnosis criteria, relationship to cardiovascular disease and diabetes, and global prevalence rates. It also discusses foods that may cause or reduce metabolic syndrome. The objectives are to assess metabolic syndrome and correlate volunteers' nutrition with metabolic syndrome. The research methodology section outlines ethical approval, study site/population, cross-sectional design, standard operating procedures for assessments, selection of volunteers, dietary intake assessment using a food frequency questionnaire, and statistical analysis.
The document discusses a presentation given by Henry J. Thompson from the Cancer Prevention Laboratory at Colorado State University on the relationship between energy metabolism and cancer processes. It summarizes evidence from animal models on how energy restriction affects carcinogenesis and discusses the cellular and molecular mechanisms linking energy status and cancer. The presentation aims to stimulate discussion on challenges and opportunities in further researching this topic.
1) The document summarizes a presentation on the relationships between obesity, physical activity, and colorectal cancer risk and outcomes.
2) It discusses how increased BMI is an established risk factor for colorectal cancer in a gender- and site-specific manner, and how weight gain, especially in early adulthood, can increase colon cancer risk.
3) It also reviews how measurements of waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio may be associated with colorectal cancer risk independent of BMI, and how analyses of cancer survival have shown mixed results depending on whether BMI is measured before or after cancer diagnosis.
This article explains the research outcome that indicates the possibilities of fat percentage of Obesity range regardless of Body mass index and body frames.
Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption in relation to diabetes and cardiovascul...My Healthy Waist
By Frank B. Hu, MD, PhD Professor of Nutrition and Epidemiology Harvard School of Public HealthChanning Laboratory, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital
The document discusses recent advances in surgical treatment for obesity, focusing on laparoscopic gastric banding surgery as a treatment option that can provide sustained weight loss over several years. It describes the health risks of obesity and how weight loss surgery like gastric banding can help resolve health conditions by facilitating gradual and long-term weight loss. Key details about the LAP-BAND system and the surgical procedure are provided.
The document summarizes a study that examined whether waist circumference (WC) predicts risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) beyond what is explained by body mass index (BMI) and other metabolic risk factors. The study found that higher WC was associated with greater odds of diabetes even after accounting for BMI and metabolic risk factors. However, WC was not associated with increased odds of CVD after accounting for these other factors. Thus, the study concludes that WC predicts diabetes risk beyond other measures but not CVD risk.
This study examined how weight loss affects resting metabolic rate and its relationship to lean muscle mass and fitness levels in obese adults. Obese men and women were placed on a very low calorie diet and exercise program to lose 15% of their body weight over 3 months. Their resting metabolic rate, body composition via DXA scan, and fitness via VO2 max test were measured at baseline and after weight loss. The results found that resting metabolic rate, lean mass, and fitness all decreased with weight loss. While resting metabolic rate was positively correlated with lean mass at both timepoints, the changes in each were not correlated, suggesting other factors also influence changes in resting metabolic rate with weight loss.
Cystatin C as a marker of Cardio metabolic disorder in obese South Indian ind...iosrjce
Human obesity is strongly associated with cardio metabolic disease. Cystatin C is a
naturally occurring protease inhibitor and marker of cardiovascular disease. The main objective of present
study was to estimate the serum levels of Cystatin C in individuals with normal BMI, and obese, aged between
18-39 Yrs and to compare the levels of serum Cystatin C among these individuals and to correlate the levels of
serum Cystatin C with cardio metabolic risk factors.
Material & Methods: The study population was taken from healthy volunteers of Mysore city, aged between 18-
39 years of either sex. The study population was divided into 2 groups based on BMI. Each group contains
sample size of 45. Fasting serum sample was analyzed for Blood glucose, Total cholesterol, Total Triglycerides,
Direct HDL cholesterol, Direct LDL Cholesterol by enzymatic method and serum Cystatin-C by
immunoturbidimetric method using auto analyser.
Results: The serum Cystatin C levels was significantly increased in obese groups, p value<0.001. The mean
serum Cystatin C levels in normal BMI group was 0.78±0.03, and in Obese group is 1.15±0.09. In the study
serum Cystatin C showed a positive correlation with serum glucose(r=0.61) serum triglycerides (r=0.7),
Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) (r=0.80), TCHOL: HDL (r=0.71), HDL: LDL (r=0.70) respectively and
negative correlation with serum HDL (r=-0.52)
The document summarizes a study that examined the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among 101 kinesiology majors at a predominantly Hispanic university in South Texas. Key findings include:
1) 10 subjects (8 males and 2 females) met the criteria for metabolic syndrome by exhibiting abnormal values in 3 or more of the 5 components measured.
2) On average, subjects' measurements were below the thresholds for metabolic syndrome, however some males exhibited elevated blood pressure readings.
3) There were some gender differences observed, with males more likely than females to exhibit large waists, high triglycerides, high blood glucose, and high blood pressure.
4) While the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was low in this group
Cardiovascular diseases are considered as one of the threats to human
health, especially, in individuals with overweight. The aim of this study was to
investigate the effect of eight-week aerobic exercises in 10 to 12 years old overweight
girls. In this study, 27 overweight female student whit 10-12 years old were selected
and were randomly divided into two groups; a) training group (n=17) and b) control
group (n=10). Training group participated into the aerobic training for 8 weeks, with
70-85 percent of heart rate reserve maximum, 3 times a week and 60 minutes in each
session. The variables such as BF, BMI, WHR and VO2max, were measured in two
groups before and after the training period. The average of variables such as BF, BMI
and VO2max were significantly different between two groups (P<0.05). But the
average of WHR were not significantly different between two groups. According to
these results, aerobic exercise in 10-12 years old overweight girls, can have beneficial
effects on some cardiovascular risk factors.
Physical Activity in the Management of Abdominal ObesityMy Healthy Waist
By Robert Ross, PhD, Professor, School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
Recent advances in surgical treatment for obesity include laparoscopic gastric banding surgery, which provides a partnership for sustained weight loss. Obesity is defined as a BMI over 30 and affects 20% of adults, increasing risks for diseases like diabetes, hypertension, and some cancers. While diet and behavior changes often fail to maintain long-term weight loss, surgery has been shown to produce 60% excess weight loss after 2 years through a gradual process, resolving comorbidities. The LAP-BAND system works by allowing small meals to satisfy hunger for long periods, providing an adjustable tool for significant weight loss.
This document discusses cardiovascular disease risk factors and management for patients with diabetes. It covers topics like prevalence of coronary heart disease for different populations, management of lipids and blood pressure, and use of statins and ACE inhibitors to reduce cardiovascular risk. The document provides data from numerous clinical studies on relationships between diabetes, cardiovascular outcomes, and benefits of treating various risk factors.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and carotid atherosclerosis in childrenSHAPE Society
Presented by:
Lucia Pacifico, Vito Cantisani, Paolo Ricci, John F. Osborn, Elisa Schiavo, Caterina Anania, Eva Ferrara, Giuliano Dvisic, and Claudio Chiesa
Clinical Usefulness of a New Equation for Estimating Body Fat
(Utilidad clínica de una nueva ecuación para estimar la grasa corporal)
Javier Gómez-Ambrosi, PHD1,2⇓, Camilo Silva, MD2,3, Victoria Catalán, PHD1,2, Amaia Rodríguez, PHD1,2, Juan Carlos Galofré, MD, PHD3, Javier Escalada, MD, PHD2,3, Victor Valentí, MD, PHD2, Fernando Rotellar, MD, PHD2, Sonia Romero, MSC2,3, Beatriz Ramírez, MSC1,2, Javier Salvador, MD, PHD2,3 and Gema Frühbeck, MD, PHD1,2,3
Corresponding author: Javier Gómez-Ambrosi, jagomez@unav.es.
Diabetes Care 2012 Feb; 35(2): 383-388. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc11-1334
Assessment of Muscle and Fat Mass in Type 2 Diabetes Patients By Dual-Energy ...semualkaira
The aim of this study was to assess the quantitative composition of muscle and adipose tissue in type 2 diabetes
mellitus (T2DM) patients on the basis of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for the diagnosis of obesity and sarcopenia.
Prevalence of obesity.Body composition & body shape (body fat distribution ) and CVD risk .Mechanisms linking obesity with cardiovascular disease.Fat-but-Fit Paradigm and CVD,The Relationship of Metabolic Risk Factors and Cardiorespiratory Fitness. Metabolically Healthy but Obese ( MHO ) Phenotype and CVD.Obesity Paradox in Patients With CVD
body fat percentage, BMI and skin fold thickness_21838-79565-1-PBThant Zin
1. The study measured body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, and skinfold thickness among medical students in Sabah, Malaysia using various assessment methods.
2. On average, the students' BMI was 21.95±0.59 kg/m2, body fat percentage was 16.98±1.37%, and skinfold thicknesses ranged from 17.44±1.24 mm to 23.04±1.23 mm.
3. Reliability testing found the three-site skinfold thickness calculation had excellent internal consistency for males and acceptable consistency for females. Measurements also had good reliability for males compared to females. Further research on determinants of obesity over time is
BODY FAT DEPOSITION AND RISK FACTORS OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES IN MENProf William Alves Lima
This study examined the relationship between body fat percentage and cardiovascular disease risk factors in 112 Brazilian men. The men were divided into three groups based on body fat percentage: healthy (<19%), overweight (19-30%), and obese (>30%). Results showed that measures of body weight, circumference, blood pressure, and blood lipids differed significantly between the healthy and overweight/obese groups but not between the overweight and obese groups. The findings suggest that a body fat percentage above 19% may indicate increased cardiovascular risk in men.
This document discusses obesity and type 2 diabetes, which often occur together. It notes that obesity is the leading risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Weight loss through lifestyle changes like diet and exercise can help prevent and treat both conditions. However, maintaining lifestyle changes long-term can be difficult. The document argues that treatment strategies need to consider both obesity and diabetes to help patients achieve weight loss and glycemic control goals. Managing both conditions together through lifestyle and potentially medical therapies may have better long-term outcomes than treating them separately.
This document discusses waist circumference (WC) as a measure of abdominal fat and cardiometabolic risk. It finds that WC is a reliable surrogate for abdominal fat mass and strongly associated with health risks like diabetes and heart disease. The consensus panel addressed four questions: 1) WC measures abdominal girth and estimates abdominal fat levels. 2) Excess abdominal fat increases cardiometabolic risk through mechanisms like insulin resistance. 3) WC predicts health outcomes comparably or better than BMI and provides additional predictive value when used with BMI. 4) WC should be regularly measured in clinical practice to assess cardiometabolic risk and weight management efforts.
The document discusses a presentation given by Henry J. Thompson from the Cancer Prevention Laboratory at Colorado State University on the relationship between energy metabolism and cancer processes. It summarizes evidence from animal models on how energy restriction affects carcinogenesis and discusses the cellular and molecular mechanisms linking energy status and cancer. The presentation aims to stimulate discussion on challenges and opportunities in further researching this topic.
1) The document summarizes a presentation on the relationships between obesity, physical activity, and colorectal cancer risk and outcomes.
2) It discusses how increased BMI is an established risk factor for colorectal cancer in a gender- and site-specific manner, and how weight gain, especially in early adulthood, can increase colon cancer risk.
3) It also reviews how measurements of waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio may be associated with colorectal cancer risk independent of BMI, and how analyses of cancer survival have shown mixed results depending on whether BMI is measured before or after cancer diagnosis.
This article explains the research outcome that indicates the possibilities of fat percentage of Obesity range regardless of Body mass index and body frames.
Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption in relation to diabetes and cardiovascul...My Healthy Waist
By Frank B. Hu, MD, PhD Professor of Nutrition and Epidemiology Harvard School of Public HealthChanning Laboratory, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital
The document discusses recent advances in surgical treatment for obesity, focusing on laparoscopic gastric banding surgery as a treatment option that can provide sustained weight loss over several years. It describes the health risks of obesity and how weight loss surgery like gastric banding can help resolve health conditions by facilitating gradual and long-term weight loss. Key details about the LAP-BAND system and the surgical procedure are provided.
The document summarizes a study that examined whether waist circumference (WC) predicts risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) beyond what is explained by body mass index (BMI) and other metabolic risk factors. The study found that higher WC was associated with greater odds of diabetes even after accounting for BMI and metabolic risk factors. However, WC was not associated with increased odds of CVD after accounting for these other factors. Thus, the study concludes that WC predicts diabetes risk beyond other measures but not CVD risk.
This study examined how weight loss affects resting metabolic rate and its relationship to lean muscle mass and fitness levels in obese adults. Obese men and women were placed on a very low calorie diet and exercise program to lose 15% of their body weight over 3 months. Their resting metabolic rate, body composition via DXA scan, and fitness via VO2 max test were measured at baseline and after weight loss. The results found that resting metabolic rate, lean mass, and fitness all decreased with weight loss. While resting metabolic rate was positively correlated with lean mass at both timepoints, the changes in each were not correlated, suggesting other factors also influence changes in resting metabolic rate with weight loss.
Cystatin C as a marker of Cardio metabolic disorder in obese South Indian ind...iosrjce
Human obesity is strongly associated with cardio metabolic disease. Cystatin C is a
naturally occurring protease inhibitor and marker of cardiovascular disease. The main objective of present
study was to estimate the serum levels of Cystatin C in individuals with normal BMI, and obese, aged between
18-39 Yrs and to compare the levels of serum Cystatin C among these individuals and to correlate the levels of
serum Cystatin C with cardio metabolic risk factors.
Material & Methods: The study population was taken from healthy volunteers of Mysore city, aged between 18-
39 years of either sex. The study population was divided into 2 groups based on BMI. Each group contains
sample size of 45. Fasting serum sample was analyzed for Blood glucose, Total cholesterol, Total Triglycerides,
Direct HDL cholesterol, Direct LDL Cholesterol by enzymatic method and serum Cystatin-C by
immunoturbidimetric method using auto analyser.
Results: The serum Cystatin C levels was significantly increased in obese groups, p value<0.001. The mean
serum Cystatin C levels in normal BMI group was 0.78±0.03, and in Obese group is 1.15±0.09. In the study
serum Cystatin C showed a positive correlation with serum glucose(r=0.61) serum triglycerides (r=0.7),
Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) (r=0.80), TCHOL: HDL (r=0.71), HDL: LDL (r=0.70) respectively and
negative correlation with serum HDL (r=-0.52)
The document summarizes a study that examined the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among 101 kinesiology majors at a predominantly Hispanic university in South Texas. Key findings include:
1) 10 subjects (8 males and 2 females) met the criteria for metabolic syndrome by exhibiting abnormal values in 3 or more of the 5 components measured.
2) On average, subjects' measurements were below the thresholds for metabolic syndrome, however some males exhibited elevated blood pressure readings.
3) There were some gender differences observed, with males more likely than females to exhibit large waists, high triglycerides, high blood glucose, and high blood pressure.
4) While the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was low in this group
Cardiovascular diseases are considered as one of the threats to human
health, especially, in individuals with overweight. The aim of this study was to
investigate the effect of eight-week aerobic exercises in 10 to 12 years old overweight
girls. In this study, 27 overweight female student whit 10-12 years old were selected
and were randomly divided into two groups; a) training group (n=17) and b) control
group (n=10). Training group participated into the aerobic training for 8 weeks, with
70-85 percent of heart rate reserve maximum, 3 times a week and 60 minutes in each
session. The variables such as BF, BMI, WHR and VO2max, were measured in two
groups before and after the training period. The average of variables such as BF, BMI
and VO2max were significantly different between two groups (P<0.05). But the
average of WHR were not significantly different between two groups. According to
these results, aerobic exercise in 10-12 years old overweight girls, can have beneficial
effects on some cardiovascular risk factors.
Physical Activity in the Management of Abdominal ObesityMy Healthy Waist
By Robert Ross, PhD, Professor, School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
Recent advances in surgical treatment for obesity include laparoscopic gastric banding surgery, which provides a partnership for sustained weight loss. Obesity is defined as a BMI over 30 and affects 20% of adults, increasing risks for diseases like diabetes, hypertension, and some cancers. While diet and behavior changes often fail to maintain long-term weight loss, surgery has been shown to produce 60% excess weight loss after 2 years through a gradual process, resolving comorbidities. The LAP-BAND system works by allowing small meals to satisfy hunger for long periods, providing an adjustable tool for significant weight loss.
This document discusses cardiovascular disease risk factors and management for patients with diabetes. It covers topics like prevalence of coronary heart disease for different populations, management of lipids and blood pressure, and use of statins and ACE inhibitors to reduce cardiovascular risk. The document provides data from numerous clinical studies on relationships between diabetes, cardiovascular outcomes, and benefits of treating various risk factors.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and carotid atherosclerosis in childrenSHAPE Society
Presented by:
Lucia Pacifico, Vito Cantisani, Paolo Ricci, John F. Osborn, Elisa Schiavo, Caterina Anania, Eva Ferrara, Giuliano Dvisic, and Claudio Chiesa
Clinical Usefulness of a New Equation for Estimating Body Fat
(Utilidad clínica de una nueva ecuación para estimar la grasa corporal)
Javier Gómez-Ambrosi, PHD1,2⇓, Camilo Silva, MD2,3, Victoria Catalán, PHD1,2, Amaia Rodríguez, PHD1,2, Juan Carlos Galofré, MD, PHD3, Javier Escalada, MD, PHD2,3, Victor Valentí, MD, PHD2, Fernando Rotellar, MD, PHD2, Sonia Romero, MSC2,3, Beatriz Ramírez, MSC1,2, Javier Salvador, MD, PHD2,3 and Gema Frühbeck, MD, PHD1,2,3
Corresponding author: Javier Gómez-Ambrosi, jagomez@unav.es.
Diabetes Care 2012 Feb; 35(2): 383-388. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc11-1334
Assessment of Muscle and Fat Mass in Type 2 Diabetes Patients By Dual-Energy ...semualkaira
The aim of this study was to assess the quantitative composition of muscle and adipose tissue in type 2 diabetes
mellitus (T2DM) patients on the basis of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for the diagnosis of obesity and sarcopenia.
Prevalence of obesity.Body composition & body shape (body fat distribution ) and CVD risk .Mechanisms linking obesity with cardiovascular disease.Fat-but-Fit Paradigm and CVD,The Relationship of Metabolic Risk Factors and Cardiorespiratory Fitness. Metabolically Healthy but Obese ( MHO ) Phenotype and CVD.Obesity Paradox in Patients With CVD
body fat percentage, BMI and skin fold thickness_21838-79565-1-PBThant Zin
1. The study measured body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, and skinfold thickness among medical students in Sabah, Malaysia using various assessment methods.
2. On average, the students' BMI was 21.95±0.59 kg/m2, body fat percentage was 16.98±1.37%, and skinfold thicknesses ranged from 17.44±1.24 mm to 23.04±1.23 mm.
3. Reliability testing found the three-site skinfold thickness calculation had excellent internal consistency for males and acceptable consistency for females. Measurements also had good reliability for males compared to females. Further research on determinants of obesity over time is
BODY FAT DEPOSITION AND RISK FACTORS OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES IN MENProf William Alves Lima
This study examined the relationship between body fat percentage and cardiovascular disease risk factors in 112 Brazilian men. The men were divided into three groups based on body fat percentage: healthy (<19%), overweight (19-30%), and obese (>30%). Results showed that measures of body weight, circumference, blood pressure, and blood lipids differed significantly between the healthy and overweight/obese groups but not between the overweight and obese groups. The findings suggest that a body fat percentage above 19% may indicate increased cardiovascular risk in men.
This document discusses obesity and type 2 diabetes, which often occur together. It notes that obesity is the leading risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Weight loss through lifestyle changes like diet and exercise can help prevent and treat both conditions. However, maintaining lifestyle changes long-term can be difficult. The document argues that treatment strategies need to consider both obesity and diabetes to help patients achieve weight loss and glycemic control goals. Managing both conditions together through lifestyle and potentially medical therapies may have better long-term outcomes than treating them separately.
This document discusses waist circumference (WC) as a measure of abdominal fat and cardiometabolic risk. It finds that WC is a reliable surrogate for abdominal fat mass and strongly associated with health risks like diabetes and heart disease. The consensus panel addressed four questions: 1) WC measures abdominal girth and estimates abdominal fat levels. 2) Excess abdominal fat increases cardiometabolic risk through mechanisms like insulin resistance. 3) WC predicts health outcomes comparably or better than BMI and provides additional predictive value when used with BMI. 4) WC should be regularly measured in clinical practice to assess cardiometabolic risk and weight management efforts.
1. Sarcopenic obesity is defined as the concurrent presence of both sarcopenia and obesity, which is an increasing health problem in the elderly population.
2. Sarcopenia is the loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength associated with aging, while obesity is defined as a body mass index over 30 or body fat percentage over 27% for men and 38% for women.
3. The prevalence of sarcopenic obesity increases with age and combines the negative health effects of both conditions, increasing risks for falls, fractures, physical disability, and other health issues in older adults.
This study examined the cardiovascular prognosis and role of fitness in the metabolically healthy but obese phenotype. The study found that:
1) Metabolically healthy but obese individuals had higher cardiorespiratory fitness than metabolically abnormal obese individuals.
2) After accounting for fitness and other factors, metabolically healthy but obese individuals had lower risks of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, and cancer mortality compared with metabolically unhealthy obese peers.
3) There were no significant differences in outcomes between metabolically healthy but obese individuals and metabolically healthy normal-weight individuals.
This document discusses definitions and measurements of obesity and body fat distribution. It addresses the lack of consistency in defining and measuring obesity, which has hindered comparisons between populations. While body mass index (BMI) is commonly used to classify fatness, other measures like waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio are also discussed. Measuring intra-abdominal fat content specifically may better correlate with metabolic health risks than just general measures of fatness. An international standard for defining and measuring obesity is still needed.
1) Fatty liver, measured using CT scans, was present in 17% of participants.
2) Fatty liver was associated with higher risk of diabetes, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, and insulin resistance even after accounting for other measures of obesity like BMI and visceral fat.
3) Fatty liver was also linked to dyslipidemia (higher triglycerides and lower HDL) and dysglycemia (impaired fasting glucose) independent of other fat depots.
The Impact Visceral Abdominal Fat and Muscle Mass Using CT on Patients with S...semualkaira
The association between abdominal visceral
fatty area (VFA) and muscle mass and mortality is not fully understood despite the fact that being overweight is an established
risk factor for the onset and severity of acute pancreatitis (AP). We
assessed the effect of VFA on severe AP (SAP) mortality
The Impact Visceral Abdominal Fat and Muscle Mass Using CT on Patients with S...semualkaira
The association between abdominal visceral
fatty area (VFA) and muscle mass and mortality is not fully understood despite the fact that being overweight is an established
risk factor for the onset and severity of acute pancreatitis (AP). We
assessed the effect of VFA on severe AP (SAP) mortality
The aim of this study was to investigate the association of adipose
and muscle parameters with the severity grade of AP
Results: NWO subjects (n = 283) demonstrated metabolic dysregulation compared to NWL individuals (n = 1795). After
adjusting for age, sex, and smoking, NWO individuals showed higher PWV values than NWL individuals (1474.0 ± 275.4 vs.
1380.7 ± 234.3 cm/s, p = 0.006 by ANCOVA). Compared with NWL subjects, NWO subjects had a higher prevalence of soft
plaques even after age, sex, and smoking adjustment (21.6 % vs. 14.5 %, p = 0.039 by ANCOVA). The PWV value and the
log{(number of segments with plaque) + 1} showed a positive correlation with numerous parameters such as age, systolic
blood pressure, visceral fat, fasting glucose level, serum triglyceride level, and C-reactive protein (CRP) in contrast to the
negative correlation with high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol level. The visceral fat was an independent determinant of
log{(number of segments with plaque) + 1} (ß = 0.027, SE = 0.011, p = 0.016) even after adjustment for other significant
factors. Most importantly, NWO was an independent risk factor for the presence of soft plaques (odds ratio 1.460, 95 %
confidence interval 1.027–2.074, p = 0.035) even after further adjustment for multiple factors associated with atherosclerosis
(blood pressure, blood glucose, lipid level, CRP, medication, smoking status, physical activity).
Normal-Weight Obesity Is Associated With
Increased Risk of Subclinical Atherosclerosis.
Conclusions: NWO individuals carry a higher incidence of subclinical atherosclerosis compared with NWL individuals,
regardless of other clinical risk factors for atherosclerosis.
Application of Binary Logistic Regression Model to Assess the Likelihood of O...sajjalp
Abstract: This study attempts to assess the likelihood of overweight and associated factors among the young students by analyzing their physical measurements and physical activity index. This paper has classified four hundred and fifteen subjects and precisely estimated the likelihood of outcome overweight by combining body mass index and CUN-BAE calculated. Multicollinearity is tested with multiple regression analysis. Box-Tidwell Test is used to check the linearity of the continuous independent variables and their logit (log odds). The binary regression analysis was executed to determine the influences of gender, physical activity index, and physical measurements on the likelihood that the subjects fall in overweight category. The sensitivity and specificity described by the model are 55.9% and 96.9% respectively. The increase in the value of waist to height ratio and neck circumference and drop in physical activity index are associated with the increased likelihood of subjects falling to overweight group. The prevalence of overweight is higher (27.8%) in female than in male (14.7%) subjects. The odds ratio for gender reveals that the likelihood of subjects falling to overweight category is 2.6 times higher in female compared to male subjects.
Keywords: Overweight, Waist to Height Ratio, Neck Circumference, Binary Logistic Model, Odds Ratio
For a human body to function properly it is essential to have a certain amount of body fat. Fat serves to
manage body temperature, pads and protects the organs. Fat is the fundamental type of the body's vitality
stockpiling. It is important to have a healthy amount of body fat. Overabundance of fat quotient can build
danger of genuine wellbeing issues. Anthropometry is a broadly accessible and basic strategy for the
appraisal of body composition. Anthropometry measures are weight, height, Body Mass Index (BMI),
waist, boundary, biceps, skinfold etc. The human fat percentage is figured by taking anthropometric
variables. We proposed a methodology to determine the body fat percentage using R programming and
regression formula. We analyzed 10 anthropometric variables and 3 demographic variables. Our study
shows that the impact of certain variables has an edge over other in predicting body fat percentage.
This document discusses the impact of obesity on breast cancer diagnosis and outcomes. It defines obesity using BMI and body fat distribution measures. Obesity is associated with worse breast cancer prognosis, including increased risk of recurrence and mortality. Biological factors like increased estrogen production in fatty tissue may contribute to these effects. Obesity also presents challenges for screening, diagnosis, treatment and surgical procedures in breast cancer patients. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle and weight after a breast cancer diagnosis could help reduce risks.
Relationship of body mass index, fat and visceral fat among adolescentsSports Journal
In the present study the researcher studied out the correlation of Body mass index, Fat and visceral fat
among adolescents. Data was statically analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson Product Multi
Correlation Coefficient was used (PPMCC). It was find out that body mass index was significantly
correlated with fat and visceral fat and on the other hand fat was also significantly correlated with
visceral fat among adolescents.
obesity by Dr.subhash dwivedi ,BHMS FINAL YEAR STUDENTSrajusingh345685
This document provides information about a student's project on obesity that was completed under the supervision of faculty at the State Ghazipur Homoeopathic Medical College & Hospital. It includes a title page with the student's name and other identifying information, a certificate verifying completion of the project, and an outline of the project contents which covers topics like the introduction, types and causes of obesity, methods of assessing obesity like BMI, risks of obesity, and prevention and control.
Similar to Body Composition Profiling: The Stepping Stone Towards Precision Medicine in Clinical Trials (20)
Health Tech Market Intelligence Prelim Questions -Gokul Rangarajan
The Ultimate Guide to Setting up Market Research in Health Tech part -1
How to effectively start market research in the health tech industry by defining objectives, crafting problem statements, selecting methods, identifying data collection sources, and setting clear timelines. This guide covers all the preliminary steps needed to lay a strong foundation for your research.
This lays foundation of scoping research project what are the
Before embarking on a research project, especially one aimed at scoping and defining parameters like the one described for health tech IT, several crucial considerations should be addressed. Here’s a comprehensive guide covering key aspects to ensure a well-structured and successful research initiative:
1. Define Research Objectives and Scope
Clear Objectives: Define specific goals such as understanding market needs, identifying new opportunities, assessing risks, or refining pricing strategies.
Scope Definition: Clearly outline the boundaries of the research in terms of geographical focus, target demographics (e.g., age, socio-economic status), and industry sectors (e.g., healthcare IT).
3. Review Existing Literature and Resources
Literature Review: Conduct a thorough review of existing research, market reports, and relevant literature to build foundational knowledge.
Gap Analysis: Identify gaps in existing knowledge or areas where further exploration is needed.
4. Select Research Methodology and Tools
Methodological Approach: Choose appropriate research methods such as surveys, interviews, focus groups, or data analytics.
Tools and Resources: Select tools like Google Forms for surveys, analytics platforms (e.g., SimilarWeb, Statista), and expert consultations.
5. Ethical Considerations and Compliance
Ethical Approval: Ensure compliance with ethical guidelines for research involving human subjects.
Data Privacy: Implement measures to protect participant confidentiality and adhere to data protection regulations (e.g., GDPR, HIPAA).
6. Budget and Resource Allocation
Resource Planning: Allocate resources including time, budget, and personnel required for each phase of the research.
Contingency Planning: Anticipate and plan for unforeseen challenges or adjustments to the research plan.
7. Develop Research Instruments
Survey Design: Create well-structured surveys using tools like Google Forms to gather quantitative data.
Interview and Focus Group Guides: Prepare detailed scripts and discussion points for qualitative data collection.
8. Sampling Strategy
Sampling Design: Define the sampling frame, size, and method (e.g., random sampling, stratified sampling) to ensure representation of target demographics.
Participant Recruitment: Plan recruitment strategies to reach and engage the intended participant groups effectively.
9. Data Collection and Analysis Plan
Data Collection: Implement methods for data gathering, ensuring consistency and validity.
Analysis Techniques: Decide on analytical approaches (e.g., statistical
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Digital Health in India_Health Informatics Trained Manpower _DrDevTaneja_15.0...DrDevTaneja1
Digital India will need a big trained army of Health Informatics educated & trained manpower in India.
Presently, generalist IT manpower does most of the work in the healthcare industry in India. Academic Health Informatics education is not readily available at school & health university level or IT education institutions in India.
We look into the evolution of health informatics and its applications in the healthcare industry.
HIMMS TIGER resources are available to assist Health Informatics education.
Indian Health universities, IT Education institutions, and the healthcare industry must proactively collaborate to start health informatics courses on a big scale. An advocacy push from various stakeholders is also needed for this goal.
Health informatics has huge employment potential and provides a big business opportunity for the healthcare industry. A big pool of trained health informatics manpower can lead to product & service innovations on a global scale in India.
Basics of Electrocardiogram
CONTENTS
●Conduction System of the Heart
●What is ECG or EKG?
●ECG Leads
●Normal waves of ECG.
●Dimensions of ECG.
● Abnormalities of ECG
CONDUCTION SYSTEM OF THE HEART
ECG:
●ECG is a graphic record of the electrical activity of the heart.
●Electrical activity precedes the mechanical activity of the heart.
●Electrical activity has two phases:
Depolarization- contraction of muscle
Repolarization- relaxation of muscle
ECG Leads:
●6 Chest leads
●6 Limb leads
1. Bipolar Limb Leads:
Lead 1- Between right arm(-ve) and left arm(+ve)
Lead 2- Between right arm(-ve) and left leg(+ve)
Lead 3- Between left arm(-ve)
and left leg(+ve)
2. Augmented unipolar Limb Leads:
AvR- Right arm
AvL- Left arm
AvF- Left leg
3.Chest Leads:
V1 : Over 4th intercostal
space near right sternal margin
V2: Over 4th intercostal space near left sternal margin
V3:In between V2 and V4
V4:Over left 5th intercostal space on the mid
clavicular line
V5:Over left 5th intercostal space on the anterior
axillary line
V6:Over left 5th intercostal space on the mid
axillary line.
Normal ECG:
Waves of ECG:
P Wave
•P Wave is a positive wave and the first wave in ECG.
•It is also called as atrial complex.
Cause: Atrial depolarisation
Duration: 0.1 sec
QRS Complex:
•QRS’ complex is also called the initial ventricular complex.
•‘Q’ wave is a small negative wave. It is continued as the tall ‘R’ wave, which is a positive wave.
‘R’ wave is followed by a small negative wave, the ‘S’ wave.
Cause:Ventricular depolarization and atrial repolarization
Duration: 0.08- 0.10 sec
T Wave:
•‘T’ wave is the final ventricular complex and is a positive wave.
Cause:Ventricular repolarization Duration: 0.2 sec
Intervals and Segments of ECG:
P-R Interval:
•‘P-R’ interval is the interval
between the onset of ‘P’wave and onset of ‘Q’ wave.
•‘P-R’ interval cause atrial depolarization and conduction of impulses through AV node.
Duration:0.18 (0.12 to 0.2) sec
Q-T Interval:
•‘Q-T’ interval is the interval between the onset of ‘Q’
wave and the end of ‘T’ wave.
•‘Q-T’ interval indicates the ventricular depolarization
and ventricular repolarization,
i.e. it signifies the
electrical activity in ventricles.
Duration:0.4-0.42sec
S-T Segment:
•‘S-T’ segment is the time interval between the end of ‘S’ wave and the onset of ‘T’ wave.
Duration: 0.08 sec
R-R Interval:
•‘R-R’ interval is the time interval between two consecutive ‘R’ waves.
•It signifies the duration of one cardiac cycle.
Duration: 0.8 sec
Dimension of ECG:
How to find heart rhytm of the heart?
Regular rhytm:
Irregular rhytm:
More than or less than 4
How to find heart rate using ECG?
If heart Rhytm is Regular :
Heart rate =
300/No.of large b/w 2 QRS complex
= 300/4
=75 beats/mins
How to find heart rate using ECG?
If heart Rhytm is irregular:
Heart rate = 10×No.of QRS complex in 6 sec 5large box = 1sec
5×6=30
10×7 = 70 Beats/min
Abnormalities of ECG:
Cardiac Arrythmias:
1.Tachycardia
Heart Rate more than 100 beats/min
Cyclothymia Test: Diagnosing, Symptoms, Treatment, and Impact | The Lifescien...The Lifesciences Magazine
The cyclothymia test is a pivotal tool in the diagnostic process. It helps clinicians assess the presence and severity of symptoms associated with cyclothymia.
NURSING MANAGEMENT OF PATIENT WITH EMPHYSEMA .PPTblessyjannu21
Prepared by Prof. BLESSY THOMAS, VICE PRINCIPAL, FNCON, SPN.
Emphysema is a disease condition of respiratory system.
Emphysema is an abnormal permanent enlargement of the air spaces distal to terminal bronchioles, accompanied by destruction of their walls and without obvious fibrosis.
Emphysema of lung is defined as hyper inflation of the lung ais spaces due to obstruction of non respiratory bronchioles as due to loss of elasticity of alveoli.
It is a type of chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease.
It is a progressive disease of lungs.
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Body Composition Profiling: The Stepping Stone Towards Precision Medicine in Clinical Trials
1. May 31, 2018
White Paper 2018
Body Composition Profiling: The Stepping Stone
Towards Precision Medicine in Clinical Trials
Jennifer Linge, Olof Dahlqvist Leinhard