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1. Done By:
R.N:
‫السردي‬ ‫خلود‬

2.  Type of Transfusion
 Indication
 Transfusion Reactions
 Component Transfusion
Blood Transfusion

3. Objective:-
At the end of these presentation we will be able
to:-
1. Define of Blood Transfusion
2. Idintify Type of Transfusion .
3. Sign and symptom's Transfusion Reactions
4. Treatment of Transfusion Errors
5. Ordering blood in an emergency

4. Successful blood transfusion is relatively
recent
 Cross-matching
 Anticoagulation
 Plastic storage container
Blood Transfusion

5. Type of Transfusion：
 Whole Blood；
 Blood Component；
RBC PLT FFP
 Plasma Substitutes；
Blood Transfusion

6.  Symptomatic anemia (providing
oxygen-carrying capacity)
 Transfusion trigger
(HCT<30% ; HB<10g/dl)
 1 Unit increases 3% HCT or 1g/dl
Red Blood Cells

7.  Thrombocytopenia
(< 50,000)
 Platelet dysfunction
 Each unit increase 5,000
PLTs after 1 H
Platelets

8.  Coagulation factor deficiencies
 1 ml increases 1% clotting
factors
 Being used as soon as possible
 Albumin, hetastarch,
crystalliods are equally
effective volume expander but
safer than FFP
 After use of 5 U of RBCs,
matching 2 U of FFP
Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP)

9. --Volume Expander
Dextran
 Most widely used
 Low/Middle M.W. (40,000-70,000)
 Massive transfusion could impair coagulation
 Occasional ALLERGIC reaction
Hydroxyethyl Starch Formulation (HES)
 More stable
 Containing essential electrolytes
 No allergic reaction
Plasma Substitutes

10. Indication：
 Acute massive blood loss;
 Anaemia and hypoalbuminemia;
 Dysfunction of Coagulation;
Blood Transfusion

11. Technique of Transfusion:
 Approach Route:
Peripheral Vein, Center Vein
 Filtration before Transfusion：
 Flow rate of Transfusion：
5-10ml/min
Blood Transfusion

12.  Double Check: Name, Type and Crossmatch
 Storage Time
 Pre-heat：
 No any other Medication：
 Observation during / after Transfusion：
Attention：
Blood Transfusion

13. Incidence : 2%
Chills, Fever 39-40.C
Headache, Sweatiness
Nausea, Vomiting, Flushing
Febrile Reactions ：
Transfusion Reactions

14.  Immuno-reaction ：
 Endo-toxins：
 Contamination or Hemolysis：
 Analyze possible reasons：
 Stop Transfusion ：
 General Support：
Treatment：
Febrile Reactions ：
Transfusion Reactions

15. Urticaria
Abdominal cramps
Dyspnea
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Anaphylactic reactions：
Transfusion Reactions

16.  Immuno-reaction： → IgE
 Hereditary Immunoglobulin： → IgA
Reason：
 Administer antihistamines
 Administer epinephrine, diphenhydramine,
and corticosteroids：
 Support airway and circulation as necessary：
Treatment：
Anaphylactic reactions：

17. Contamination:
Fever
Shock
DIC
Bacterial Contamination
Reasons：
Transfusion Reactions

18.  Stop Transfusion
 Bacterial Exam and Culture
 Antibiotics
Treatment：
 Double Check
 Operate carefully
Prevention：
Contamination:

19.  Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C
 HIV
 Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
 Syphilis
 Malaria
Acquired diseases ：
Transfusion Reactions

20. Ordering blood in an emergency
 Immediately takes samples for cross
matching
 Inform the blood bank of the
emergency,the volume of the blood
required and where the blood to be
dellivered
 One individual should take responsibility
for all communications with the bank,
and should ensure that it is clear who will
be responsible for the blood delivery

21. Ordering blood in an emergency
 In case of top emergency for blood
transfusion use group O Rh Negative
blood
 Don’t ask for cross-matched blood in
an emergency

22. Transfusion Errors
 Almost all deaths from transfusion reaction are
due to ABO in compatibility
 Errors in patient identification at the time of
blood sampling or administration are the major
cause
 When taking the initial blood sample:
1. Check the patients identity verbally and on the
wrist identification band
2. Label the sample fully before leaving the bedside
3. Make sure that the blood request form clearly
and accurately completed

23. 
Thank you