1) Colonel Gaddafi claimed that the protests in Libya were caused by al-Qaeda, and that he was merely fighting terrorism, but many see this as a way for Gaddafi to gain international support for staying in power.
2) While al-Qaeda does have a presence in North Africa, there is no evidence they are directly involved in the Libyan protests, which seem primarily focused on ending corruption.
3) However, if the protests drag on and the rebels grow desperate, they may turn to al-Qaeda for aid, undermining future security in the region. International intervention aims to replace Gaddafi quickly before this can happen.
Man Crosses U.S. Border Dressed as ISIS Terrorist, Simulates BeheadingHope Small
Oh come on. We all know that Jihadists play by the Official Guide for All Terrorists,Gangsters, Drug Lords, and Bottom of the Pit Dwellers.
The Official Guide states clearly, "And never take advantage of the weaknesses or pure stupidity of Homeland Security, the NSA, the CIA, or the FBI. The rule of law is clear--to do evil you must act with honor and pride."
"Just miles from the center of El Paso, Texas, Biggs was able to cross a river from Mexico into America dressed as a jihadist, while simulating a beheading and waving an ISIS flag."
http://www.infowars.com/man-dressed-as-isis-militant-crosses-u-s-border/
Man Crosses U.S. Border Dressed as ISIS Terrorist, Simulates BeheadingHope Small
Oh come on. We all know that Jihadists play by the Official Guide for All Terrorists,Gangsters, Drug Lords, and Bottom of the Pit Dwellers.
The Official Guide states clearly, "And never take advantage of the weaknesses or pure stupidity of Homeland Security, the NSA, the CIA, or the FBI. The rule of law is clear--to do evil you must act with honor and pride."
"Just miles from the center of El Paso, Texas, Biggs was able to cross a river from Mexico into America dressed as a jihadist, while simulating a beheading and waving an ISIS flag."
http://www.infowars.com/man-dressed-as-isis-militant-crosses-u-s-border/
We highly commend our President Jonathan for establishing Special Brigade to fight the insurgents. This will drastically reduce: infiltrators, informants and saboteurs; who have made the battle look like ding dong affair. Let the special force be thoroughly trained to operate sophisticated weapons, and high flying military aircraft. Some of the pilots should undergo oversea courses on the use of high altitude warplanes: like the B-52 bombers.
We make passionate appeal to United States President Barack Obama, a son of Africa, and UN, to release some B-52 Bombers to Nigeria, to help end the inordinate ambition of terrorists and their heartless Northern Elite sponsors. They have ruled the country for nearly forty years with little to show for it. Persons from other part of Nigeria, also have the right to preside over affairs of the country.
We make passionate appeal to United States President Barack Obama, a son of Africa, and UN, to release some B-52 Bombers to Nigeria, to help end the inordinate ambition of terrorists and their heartless Northern Elite sponsors. They have ruled the country for nearly forty years with little to show for it. Persons from other part of Nigeria, also have the right to preside over affairs of the country.
That internal slavery and local imperialism won’t work again. Emphasis now should be apprehend virtually all former rulers of Nigeria and their surrogates, both from North and South. Stolen hundreds of billions of dollars, with accumulated interests, should be recovered from them. They are not better than their Ghanian counterparts, whom Jerry Rawlings dealt with. They plundered and impoverished the people. They are richer than the country. We are not supposed to be talking about borrowing money now..
If they refuse to return their ill-gotten wealth, and continue to finance their private armies like Boko Haram, God Almighty will judge them. It is a fearful thing to fall into the hands of the living God. Visit: http://powertrumpeter.org/blog1/?p=103
The Canadian Journalism Foundation event "News Blackouts Save Lives" featured UN ambassador Robert Fowler, Toronto Star publisher John Cruickshank, Globe and Mail foreign editor Stephen Northfield, CTV News executive Robert Hurst on the discussion of news blackouts in kidnapping cases. Moderator Hugh Winsor reviews coverage of Robert Fowler's mission and kidnapping, which Fowler claims threatened his safety.
grey-and-dubious-areas-of-us-drone-program-in-pakistanAgha A
grey-and-dubious-areas-of-us-drone-program-in-pakistan-
In 2006 a policy decision was taken to attack likely targets based on human int reportsmade from 2 to 5 km location of target. the drone program is designed to benefit somecontractors. secrecy is used as excuse for no bid contracts or selective cartelling of contractors like dyncorps , blackwater and many others. what is black watersqualification to get a 22 million USD no bid contract in kabul ?the absurd part is that drone program assumes that all bad guys are in a box of 60 kmX 40 km ? This is most absurd.Why cannot the bad guys be outside this area.I am not against drone program but i am against drones being used only in twodistricts . how is it possible that all the troubke creators are in two districts.secrecy has been used to benefit some contractors who have close links in CIA , DIAand DOD ? a glance at CVs of many defence contractors points a picture
CTP’s Threat Update series is a weekly update and assessment of Iran and the al Qaeda network and its affiliates in Yemen, the Horn of Africa, and the Maghreb and Sahel.
Described as both malevolent and incompetent, President Trump's Executive Order "Protecting the nation from foreign terrorist entry into the United State" includes some baffling choices and statistics, and excludes the principal homelands of terror.
Seek4media: The Overthrow of Gaddafi Has Been Messy and Is Likely to Get WorseSeek4media
The overthrow of Muammar Gaddafi has been messy and is likely to get more so. For those used to watching armoured columns streaming in triumphant order across the desert to depose a dictator and pull down his statues, it doesn't look very impressive.
Seek4media: There is a Strong Moral Case for the End of Muammar Ghaddafi's 42...Seek4media
As jubilant crowds machine-gun the sky in Tripoli's Green Square, and forces formerly loyal to a tyrant evaporate into the North African heat, the conflict in Libya looks to have reached the end for which it was always, inevitably, bound.
Libya's postrevolutionary transition to democracy was not destined to fail. With the ninth largest oil reserves in the world, Libya was well positioned to develop along the lines of resource-rich Persian Gulf states with similarly small populations. But Libya has become a failed state in what could be a prolonged period of civil war. Fissures have emerged along ethnic, tribal, geographic, and ideological lines against the backdrop of an Islamist versus non-Islamist narrative. Is Libya destined to become a "Somalia on the Mediterranean"?
In this thoroughly documented Washington Institute study, Libya analyst Andrew Engel examines the causative factors of this failure and offers prescriptive recommendations for creating a coordinated, unified political and security strategy to prepare for a worst-case scenario in Libya.
We highly commend our President Jonathan for establishing Special Brigade to fight the insurgents. This will drastically reduce: infiltrators, informants and saboteurs; who have made the battle look like ding dong affair. Let the special force be thoroughly trained to operate sophisticated weapons, and high flying military aircraft. Some of the pilots should undergo oversea courses on the use of high altitude warplanes: like the B-52 bombers.
We make passionate appeal to United States President Barack Obama, a son of Africa, and UN, to release some B-52 Bombers to Nigeria, to help end the inordinate ambition of terrorists and their heartless Northern Elite sponsors. They have ruled the country for nearly forty years with little to show for it. Persons from other part of Nigeria, also have the right to preside over affairs of the country.
We make passionate appeal to United States President Barack Obama, a son of Africa, and UN, to release some B-52 Bombers to Nigeria, to help end the inordinate ambition of terrorists and their heartless Northern Elite sponsors. They have ruled the country for nearly forty years with little to show for it. Persons from other part of Nigeria, also have the right to preside over affairs of the country.
That internal slavery and local imperialism won’t work again. Emphasis now should be apprehend virtually all former rulers of Nigeria and their surrogates, both from North and South. Stolen hundreds of billions of dollars, with accumulated interests, should be recovered from them. They are not better than their Ghanian counterparts, whom Jerry Rawlings dealt with. They plundered and impoverished the people. They are richer than the country. We are not supposed to be talking about borrowing money now..
If they refuse to return their ill-gotten wealth, and continue to finance their private armies like Boko Haram, God Almighty will judge them. It is a fearful thing to fall into the hands of the living God. Visit: http://powertrumpeter.org/blog1/?p=103
The Canadian Journalism Foundation event "News Blackouts Save Lives" featured UN ambassador Robert Fowler, Toronto Star publisher John Cruickshank, Globe and Mail foreign editor Stephen Northfield, CTV News executive Robert Hurst on the discussion of news blackouts in kidnapping cases. Moderator Hugh Winsor reviews coverage of Robert Fowler's mission and kidnapping, which Fowler claims threatened his safety.
grey-and-dubious-areas-of-us-drone-program-in-pakistanAgha A
grey-and-dubious-areas-of-us-drone-program-in-pakistan-
In 2006 a policy decision was taken to attack likely targets based on human int reportsmade from 2 to 5 km location of target. the drone program is designed to benefit somecontractors. secrecy is used as excuse for no bid contracts or selective cartelling of contractors like dyncorps , blackwater and many others. what is black watersqualification to get a 22 million USD no bid contract in kabul ?the absurd part is that drone program assumes that all bad guys are in a box of 60 kmX 40 km ? This is most absurd.Why cannot the bad guys be outside this area.I am not against drone program but i am against drones being used only in twodistricts . how is it possible that all the troubke creators are in two districts.secrecy has been used to benefit some contractors who have close links in CIA , DIAand DOD ? a glance at CVs of many defence contractors points a picture
CTP’s Threat Update series is a weekly update and assessment of Iran and the al Qaeda network and its affiliates in Yemen, the Horn of Africa, and the Maghreb and Sahel.
Described as both malevolent and incompetent, President Trump's Executive Order "Protecting the nation from foreign terrorist entry into the United State" includes some baffling choices and statistics, and excludes the principal homelands of terror.
Seek4media: The Overthrow of Gaddafi Has Been Messy and Is Likely to Get WorseSeek4media
The overthrow of Muammar Gaddafi has been messy and is likely to get more so. For those used to watching armoured columns streaming in triumphant order across the desert to depose a dictator and pull down his statues, it doesn't look very impressive.
Seek4media: There is a Strong Moral Case for the End of Muammar Ghaddafi's 42...Seek4media
As jubilant crowds machine-gun the sky in Tripoli's Green Square, and forces formerly loyal to a tyrant evaporate into the North African heat, the conflict in Libya looks to have reached the end for which it was always, inevitably, bound.
Libya's postrevolutionary transition to democracy was not destined to fail. With the ninth largest oil reserves in the world, Libya was well positioned to develop along the lines of resource-rich Persian Gulf states with similarly small populations. But Libya has become a failed state in what could be a prolonged period of civil war. Fissures have emerged along ethnic, tribal, geographic, and ideological lines against the backdrop of an Islamist versus non-Islamist narrative. Is Libya destined to become a "Somalia on the Mediterranean"?
In this thoroughly documented Washington Institute study, Libya analyst Andrew Engel examines the causative factors of this failure and offers prescriptive recommendations for creating a coordinated, unified political and security strategy to prepare for a worst-case scenario in Libya.
PAGE 1Mktg. 4244 country notebook economic templateCoun.docxgerardkortney
PAGE
1
Mktg. 4244 country notebook economic template
Country Notebook
Economic Analysis of Jamaica
A- Principal industries
1. what proportion of the GNP does each industry contribute?
2. ratio of private to publicly owned industries
J- Foreign investment
1. opportunities
2. which industries?
K International trade statistics
3. major imports
a- dollar value
b- trends
4. major exports
a- dollar value
b- trends
5. balance of payment situation
a- surplus or deficit
b- recent trends
6. exchange rates
a- single or multiple exchange rate
b- current rate of exchange
c- trends
L- Trade restrictions
1- embargoes
2- quotas
3- import taxes
4- tariffs
5- licensing
6- custom duties
N- Labor force
1. size
2- unemployment rate
O- Inflation rate
I- Developments in science and technology
A- Current technology available (computer, machinery, tools)
B- Percentage of GNP invested in research and development
C- Technological skills of the labor force and general population
II- Channels of distribution (macro analysis)
This section reports data on all channel middlemen available within the market.
A- Retailers
1. number of retailers
2. customary mark-up for various classes of goods
3. methods of operation (cash or credit)
4. typical size of retail outlet
5. scale of operations (large or small)
6. role of chain stores, department stores, specialty stores
B- Wholesalers
1. number and size
2. customary mark-up for various classes of goods
3. methods of operation (cash or credit)
C- Import/export agents
D- Warehousing
E- Penetration of urban and rural markets
III- Media
A- availability of media
B- Costs
1. television
2. radio
3. print magazines, newspapers
4. other media (cinema, outdoors, etc.)
C- Agency asístanse
D- Coverage of various media
E- Percentage of population reach by each media
IV- Executive summary
V- Sources of information
VI- Appendix
\
Lessons Learned
The Iraq Invasion
Andrew J. Bacevich
Jackson Diehl
Michael V. Hayden
Walter Laqueur
Meghan L. O’Sullivan
Richard Perle
David Rieff
Paul D. Wolfowitz
Lessons LearnedLessons Learned
The Iraq Invasion
Andrew J. Bacevich
Jackson Diehl
Michael V. Hayden
Walter Laqueur
Meghan L. O’Sullivan
Richard Perle
David Rieff
Paul D. Wolfowitz
Lessons Learned
The Iraq Invasion
Andrew J. Bacevich
Jackson Diehl
Michael V. Hayden
Walter Laqueur
Meghan L. O’Sullivan
Richard Perle
David Rieff
Paul D. Wolfowitz
10 W O R L D A F FA I R S
LESSONS LEARNED
The US war in Iraq began on March 19, 2003. To
mark the tenth anniversary of this momentous
event, one whose ripples will continue to lap on
the shores of American history for decades to
come, World Affairs asked a number of leading
foreign policy thinkers to address the “lessons”
of this war. Their widely differing, but uniformly
interesting responses to this assignment sho.
Assignment 2 Discussion—Comparison of EditorialsIn this assignmen.docxsteviesellars
Assignment 2: Discussion—Comparison of Editorials
In this assignment, you will identify and explore your intuitive critical-thinking strategies. It is the starting point to developing the skills to analyze information critically.
Research methods of identifying strong and weak arguments using your textbook and the Argosy University online library resources. Be sure to cover the following:
Identify premises and conclusions
Discuss whether or not an inference is warranted
Determine whether arguments utilize inductive or deductive reasoning
For this assignment, your facilitator will assign you one of the following debates:
Debate 1: Should the “Ashley X” treatments have been permitted?
Debate 2: Is Osama Bin Laden’s death a decisive blow to Al Qaeda or an unmitigated victory against terrorism?
Each debate has two sets of articles for review. Your facilitator will assign you one of these sets.
Each set has two articles with two varying, but important, perspectives on the same subject. Be sure to read both articles in the set.
Debate 2
These pairs of articles focus on the subject of Osama Bin Laden’s death and the alleged implications his death are expected to have on matters of future Al Qaeda activity and international safety.
Set A
Clarke, R. A. (2011, May 3). Bin Laden’s dead. Al Qaeda’s not [Op-Ed].
The New York Times,
p. A.23. (ProQuest Document ID 864311946).
http://search.proquest.com.libproxy.edmc.edu/docview/864311946/abstract?source=fedsrch&accountid=34899
THE United States needed to eliminate Osama bin Laden to fulfill our sense of justice and, to a lesser extent, to end the myth of his invincibility. But dropping Bin Laden's corpse in the sea does not end the terrorist threat, nor does it remove the ideological motivation of Al Qaeda's supporters.
Often forgotten amid the ugly violence of Al Qaeda's attacks was that the terrorists' declared goal was to replace existing governments in the Muslim world with religiously pure Islamist states and eventually restore an Islamic caliphate. High on Al Qaeda's list of targets was Egypt's president, Hosni Mubarak. The protesters of Tahrir Square succeeded in removing him without terrorism and without Al Qaeda.
Thus, even before Bin Laden's death, analysts had begun to argue that Al Qaeda was rapidly becoming irrelevant. With Bin Laden's death, it is even more tempting to think that the era of Al Qaeda is over.
But such rejoicing would be premature. To many Islamist ideologues, the Arab Spring simply represents the removal of obstacles that stood in the way of establishing the caliphate. Their goal has not changed, nor has their willingness to use terrorism.
In the months ahead, Bin Laden's death may encourage Al Qaeda to stage an attack to counter the impression that it is out of business. The more significant threat, however, will come from Al Qaeda's local affiliates. Bin Laden and his deputies designed Al Qaeda as a network of affiliated groups that could operate largely independently to .
Military/Activities Checklist - 17.SU.HIS.2215.pdf
201774 Activities Checklist 17.SU.HIS.2215.500 SURVEY OF AFRICAN HISTORY
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To meet the learning objectives for this topic, you will complete these activities. Print this page and use
it as a checklist.
Review the Introduction and Objectives page.
Read pages 360404 in your textbook.
Read the lesson, The War to End All Wars.
Read the lesson, Ethiopia and World War II.
Read the lesson, Civil Wars.
Complete all activities on the Learning Activities page.
Read the Spotlight: Libya page.
Participate in Discussion: Military.
Post any questions about the course or assignments in the Help! Discussion.
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Military/Civil War - 17.SU.HIS.2215.pdf
201774 Civil War 17.SU.HIS.2215.500 SURVEY OF AFRICAN HISTORY
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With the exception of Syria, African
countries currently get the worst rep
when it comes to violence and conflict.
Virtually every story coming out of the
continent of Africa seems to showcase
one atrocity or another. This narrative
is both true and false. In 2014, Africa
experienced more than half of
worldwide conflict incidents, despite
having only about 16 percent of the
world population. This is a slightly
larger share of the world’s conflicts
than even during the chaotic years of
the postCold War 1990s.
But there are two important caveats.
One, the absolute number of conflicts
worldwide has greatly decreased over
the last two decades. So despite
shouldering a larger share of the
conflict burden, in absolute terms,
Africa has become more peaceful as
well. And secondly, the remaining
conflicts seem to cluster in specific
regions and involve only a few of
Africa’s 54 nationstates. According to the Uppsala Conflict Data Program, 12 African countries
experienced armed conflict in 2014. Three additional countries — Burundi, Niger and Chad — will likely be
added to the list for the 2015 data.
Geographically Africa’s conflicts are tightly clustered along an arc stretching from northern Mali through
southern Algeria and Libya into Egypt, extending into the Sinai Peninsula. The Boko Haram conflict in
northeastern Nigeria is another epicenter and situated in relative proximity to an area of conflict hot
spots in the Central African Republic, Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Burundi, South Sudan
and Darfur. On Africa’s eastern coast, the Somali civil war is still going strong in its third decade.
Modern conflicts in Africa are thus highly localized, and they defy simplistic explanations based on
stereotypes. That being said, these are our predictions for Africa’s conflicts in 2016.
Boko Haram
Frequent conflict between Boko Haram and the Nigerian government throughout 2015 has been
reported. The insurgency is the deadliest conflict that Africa is ...
ys jagan mohan reddy political career, Biography.pdfVoterMood
Yeduguri Sandinti Jagan Mohan Reddy, often referred to as Y.S. Jagan Mohan Reddy, is an Indian politician who currently serves as the Chief Minister of the state of Andhra Pradesh. He was born on December 21, 1972, in Pulivendula, Andhra Pradesh, to Yeduguri Sandinti Rajasekhara Reddy (popularly known as YSR), a former Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh, and Y.S. Vijayamma.
Future Of Fintech In India | Evolution Of Fintech In IndiaTheUnitedIndian
Navigating the Future of Fintech in India: Insights into how AI, blockchain, and digital payments are driving unprecedented growth in India's fintech industry, redefining financial services and accessibility.
03062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
‘वोटर्स विल मस्ट प्रीवेल’ (मतदाताओं को जीतना होगा) अभियान द्वारा जारी हेल्पलाइन नंबर, 4 जून को सुबह 7 बजे से दोपहर 12 बजे तक मतगणना प्रक्रिया में कहीं भी किसी भी तरह के उल्लंघन की रिपोर्ट करने के लिए खुला रहेगा।
हम आग्रह करते हैं कि जो भी सत्ता में आए, वह संविधान का पालन करे, उसकी रक्षा करे और उसे बनाए रखे।" प्रस्ताव में कुल तीन प्रमुख हस्तक्षेप और उनके तंत्र भी प्रस्तुत किए गए। पहला हस्तक्षेप स्वतंत्र मीडिया को प्रोत्साहित करके, वास्तविकता पर आधारित काउंटर नैरेटिव का निर्माण करके और सत्तारूढ़ सरकार द्वारा नियोजित मनोवैज्ञानिक हेरफेर की रणनीति का मुकाबला करके लोगों द्वारा निर्धारित कथा को बनाए रखना और उस पर कार्यकरना था।
01062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
31052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
Welcome to the new Mizzima Weekly !
Mizzima Media Group is pleased to announce the relaunch of Mizzima Weekly. Mizzima is dedicated to helping our readers and viewers keep up to date on the latest developments in Myanmar and related to Myanmar by offering analysis and insight into the subjects that matter. Our websites and our social media channels provide readers and viewers with up-to-the-minute and up-to-date news, which we don’t necessarily need to replicate in our Mizzima Weekly magazine. But where we see a gap is in providing more analysis, insight and in-depth coverage of Myanmar, that is of particular interest to a range of readers.
27052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
role of women and girls in various terror groupssadiakorobi2
Women have three distinct types of involvement: direct involvement in terrorist acts; enabling of others to commit such acts; and facilitating the disengagement of others from violent or extremist groups.
In a May 9, 2024 paper, Juri Opitz from the University of Zurich, along with Shira Wein and Nathan Schneider form Georgetown University, discussed the importance of linguistic expertise in natural language processing (NLP) in an era dominated by large language models (LLMs).
The authors explained that while machine translation (MT) previously relied heavily on linguists, the landscape has shifted. “Linguistics is no longer front and center in the way we build NLP systems,” they said. With the emergence of LLMs, which can generate fluent text without the need for specialized modules to handle grammar or semantic coherence, the need for linguistic expertise in NLP is being questioned.
Do Linguistics Still Matter in the Age of Large Language Models.pptx
Blame it on al qaeda
1. Blame it on Al Qaeda: Gaddafi’s Final Hope<br />An Article written by Braden Johnson<br />For consideration in the BYU Political Review<br />Another head of state has jumped on the bandwagon. A newly emerging trend, since the tragic events of 9/11, seems to involve pursuing one’s own interest under the guise of fighting terrorism. Up until this point, the pursuance of these interests could be reasonably tied to some goal of enforcing national security, with such actions as the US led invasion of Iraq, the passing of “The Patriot Act,” and The TSA’s hijack of unobtrusive airport security. But when Libya’s infamous dictator, Mummar Gaddafi, penned a letter to President Obama this week, the limits of this trend were pushed beyond reasonable consideration. Colonel Gaddafi shocked the world by stating, “We are fighting nothing other than al-Qaida in what they call the Islamic Maghreb,” and then, “if you had found them taking over American cities by the force of arms, tell me what you would do?”<br />Colonel Gaddafi’s use of these words, in this order, seems as out of place as the French-backed attacks on Libya these past several days. Can Gaddafi really be arrogant enough to state that cutting off power to his own lands, and killing his own subjects is diminishing the role of terrorism? Yet his words may have some small pieces of truth in them. <br />The Maghreb is a North African region that has been relatively cohesive under several different historical empires, as far back as 1040 AD and as recently as 1989. Gaddafi has long dreamt that this area would become a Muslim super-state, but trade tensions and lack of development have derailed this vision. Even before the attacks of September 11, 2001, there was a radical Islamic militia in this area, calling themselves, “The Al-Qaeda Organization in the Islamic Maghreb,” which carried out violent acts and ran a black market economy. Though their efforts are mainly focused on Algeria, their presence in the Maghreb is disruptive and deadly. <br />It is this ring of al-Qaeda cohorts that has allegedly given aid and support to those calling for new government in Libya, just like they did in Tunisia and Algeria; but this time it’s personal. <br />In the early 1990’s Gaddafi began taking steps to rid his country of the influence of al-Qaeda. In 1999, he handed over two of its citizens for trial at The Hague for their alleged role in the Pan Am 103 bombing. Libya later compensated victims of that flight, and admitted responsibility for the attack. Libya also stopped its WMD program, and took serious measures cut its ties with terrorist groups, including closing terrorist camps and extraditing terrorism suspects. These actions enraged al-Qaeda, and certainly stirred up a desire for regime change amongst its affiliates in the Maghreb. <br />But could it then be said that Libyan protestors, even violent ones, are affiliated with al-Qaeda? The answer is probably not. It has not been proven that al-Qaeda has any physical involvement in the revolt, and it is doubtful that their efforts could gain enough public support to be considered legitimate in the next regime. Although the opportunity for influence is present, Libyans are looking for an end to corruption in government, not just an exchange of corrupt leaders. Yet as the protestors grow evermore desperate for supplies, they may look to these terrorists for sustenance. This could create relationships that could undermine future security in North Africa, and undo some of the counterterrorism work that has been done there. <br />Gaddafi has much to gain by presenting to the World that those seeking regime change in his country are sponsored by al-Qaeda. By supporting this façade, he plays on the American sensitivity for terrorist infiltration. But if the 110 missiles fired on Libya in the last few days are any indication, the rest of the world isn’t buying his story. Gaddafi is clutching at straws, and seeking any possible way to stay in power. But the truth of the matter is, the people of Libya will not be placated, and the tenuous oil markets will not return to normal levels until a new regime takes the stage. <br />The role of the United States and its allies is to ensure that Gaddafi is taken out of power before the poorly outfitted rebels begin looking to al-Qaeda for support in their cause. Thus, the institution of a no-fly zone, and the partial occupation of the country is a necessary evil. If al-Qaeda is allowed back in to Libya, we can expect continued difficulty in the Islamic areas of Africa, and further attacks on Algeria and other nations. Thus, by securing a quick and effective regime change for Libya, we stop the goals of the terrorists, and secure a greater possibility for peace in North Africa. <br />