Slavery has existed since ancient Egypt and involved large plantations in southern states using slaves as workers. Countries like America, England, and Spain bought and sold slaves. During the Civil War, the southern states wanted independence from the USA while slaves wanted freedom, leading to rebellion against slave owners. The war ended slavery and established rights for all. However, Jim Crow laws later imposed segregation and discrimination until the Civil Rights movement fought for equality in the 1950s-60s. To Kill a Mockingbird explores similar themes of racism and injustice.