A. J. Cronin was born in Scotland in 1896 to a Scottish mother and Irish father. He graduated from medical school after World War I and worked as a doctor in mining towns in Wales and London. He grew disillusioned with the medical profession after seeing the disparities between how the poor and rich were treated. This disillusionment informed his novel "Citadel", which is the origin of an extract in the CBSE textbook. Cronin had great success as an author, particularly in America, but still felt deeply dissatisfied even at the height of his fame and wealth.

2. About the author: A. J. Cronin
• Archibald Joseph Cronin was born on
19th July 1896 in Cardross near
Glasgow on the west coast of Scotland
to a Scottish mother and Irish father.
• Cronin graduated with honours from
medical school at the end of the First
World War in 1919. In the mining
towns of Wales, he saw the human
spirit fighting poverty and hardship. In
his London practice, he encountered
the spoilt, neurotic rich, happy to spend
money like water.

3. • Thus, he worked with the miners, then the rich,
eventually grew disillusioned with the medical
profession entirely. This disillusionment is reflected
in the novel 'Citadel' which is the origin of the extract
in the class XI CBSE textbook.
• His career as an author was very successful. He had a
great following in America and in 1939 moved with
his wife and three sons, to New England. However, at
the height of his fame, success and wealth, Cronin
was deeply dissatisfied.

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