The document summarizes the key provisions of the Bio-Medical Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 1998 established by the Government of India. The rules mandate the segregation, packaging, transportation, treatment and disposal of biomedical waste generated at healthcare facilities in an environmentally sound manner. It defines biomedical waste and applies the rules to all occupiers and operators involved in handling such waste. Facilities must obtain authorization from the State Pollution Control Board and adhere to treatment and disposal standards.

1. BIO-MEDICAL WASTE (MANAGEMENT AND HANDLING) RULES, 1998
The Biomedical Waste Management & Handling) Rules, 1998 came
into force on 1998. In exercise of the powers conferred by section 6,8 &
25 of EP Act, 1986, the Central Govt. notified these rules for the
management and Handling of biomedical wastes generated from
Hospitals, clinics, other institutions for scientific management of
Biomedical Waste.
The Biomedical waste means any waste, which is generated during
the diagnosis, treatment or immunization of human beings or animals or
in research activities pertaining thereto or in the production or testing of
biological and including categories mentioned in schedule I of the Rules.
It shall be the duty of every occupier of an institution generating
bio-medical waste which includes a hospital, nursing home, clinic,
dispensary, veterinary institution, animal house, pathological laboratory,
blood bank by what ever name called to take all steps to ensure that
such waste is handled without any adverse effect to human health and
the environment.
The Segregation, Packaging, Transportation and Storage shall be
done as under:-
1. Bio-medical waste shall not be mixed with other wastes.
2. Bio-medical waste shall be segregated into
containers/bags at the points of generation in accordance
with Schedule II prior to its storage transportation,
treatment and disposal. The containers shall be labeled
according to Schedule III.
Every occupier of an institution generating, collecting, receiving,
storing, transporting, treating and /or handling Biomedical Waste shall
apply on Form 1 for Authorization to the Board.

2. The State Pollution Control Board are declared as prescribed Authority
for grant of Authorization. The Board grants authorizations after
satisfying itself.
Every occupier/operator shall submit an annual report to the
prescribed authority in Form II by 31 January every year, to include
information about the categories and quantities of bio-medical wastes
handled during the proceeding year. The prescribed authority shall send
this information in a complied form to the Central Pollution Control
board by 31 March every year.
When any accident occurs at any institution or facility or any other
site where bio-medical waste is handled or during transportation of such
waste, the authorized person shall report the accident in Form III to the
prescribed authority forthwith.
Any person aggrieved by an order made by the prescribed authority
under these rules, may within thirty days from the date on which the
order is communicated to him, prefer an appeal to such authority as the
government of State/Union Territory may think fit to constitute.
Provided that the authority may entertain the appeal after the
expiry of the said period of thirty days if it is satisfied that the appellant
was prevented by sufficient cause from filing the appeal in time.
For violating the provisions of these Rules, the Board can file a
complaint under section 15 of EP Act which provide for imprisonment
which may extend upto 5 years with fine. The Board can also have
directions for closure of any defaulting hospital/clinic/institution under
section 5 of EP Act as per powers delegated by the Central Govt.

3. BIO-MEDICAL WASTE
(MANAGEMENT AND HANDLING)
RULES, 1998
AS AMENDED 2000 – RELAVENT PROVISIONS
BIO-MEDICAL WASTE (MANAGEMENT AND HANDLING)
RULES, 1998
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT & FORESTS
NOTIFICATION
New Delhi, 20th July, 1998
S.O. 630 (E).-Whereas a notification in exercise of the powers conferred
by Sections 6, 8 and 25 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (29 of
1986) was published in the Gazette vide S.O. 746 (E) dated 16 October,
1997 inviting objections from the public within 60 days from the date of
the publication of the said notification on the Bio-Medical Waste
(Management and Handling) Rules, 1998 and whereas all objections
received were duly considered..
Now, therefore, in exercise of the powers conferred by section 6, 8 and 25
of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 the Central Government
hereby notifies the rules for the management and handling of bio-medical
waste.
1. SHORT TITLE AND COMMENCEMENT:
(1) These rules may be called the Bio-Medical Waste (Management
and Handling) Rules, 1998.
(2) They shall come into force on the date of their publication in the
official Gazette.
2. APPLICATION:
These rules apply to all persons who generate, collect, receive, store,
transport, treat, dispose, or handle bio medical waste in any form.
3. DEFINITIONS:
In these rules unless the context otherwise requires
(1) "Act" means the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (29 of
1986);

4. (2) "Animal House" means a place where animals are reared/kept
for experiments or testing purposes;
(3) "Authorisation" means permission granted by the prescribed
authority for the generation, collection, reception, storage,
BIO-MEDICAL WASTE (MANAGEMENT AND HANDLING)RULES, 1998
transportation, treatment, disposal and/or any other form of
handling of bio-medical waste in accordance with these rules and
any guidelines issued by the Central Government.
(4) "Authorised person" means an occupier or operator authorised
by the prescribed authority to generate, collect, receive, store,
transport, treat, dispose and/or handle bio-medical waste in
accordance with these rules and any guidelines issued by the
Central Government;
(5) "Bio-medical waste" means any waste, which is generated
during the diagnosis, treatment or immunisation of human beings
or animals or in research activities pertaining thereto or in the
production or testing of biologicals, and including categories
mentioned in Schedule I;
(6) "Biologicals" means any preparation made from organisms or
micro-organisms or product of metabolism and biochemical
reactions intended for use in the diagnosis, immunisation or the
treatment of human beings or animals or in research activities
pertaining thereto;
(7) "Bio-medical waste treatment facility" means any facility
wherein treatment. disposal of bio-medical waste or processes
incidental to such treatment or disposal is carried out;
(8) "Occupier" in relation to any institution generating bio-medical
waste, which includes a hospital, nursing home, clinic dispensary,
veterinary institution, animal house, pathological laboratory, blood
bank by whatever name called, means a person who has control
over that institution and/or its premises;
(9) "Operator of a bio-medical waste facility" means a person
who owns or controls or operates a facility for the collection,
reception, storage, transport, treatment, disposal or any other form
of handling of bio-medical waste;
(10) "Schedule" means schedule appended to these rules;

5. 4. DUTY OF OCCUPIER:
It shall be the duty of every occupier of an institution generating bio-
medical waste which includes a hospital, nursing home, clinic,
dispensary, veterinary institution, animal house, pathological laboratory,
blood bank by whatever name called to take all steps to ensure that such
waste is handled without any adverse effect to human health and the
environment.
5. TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL
(1) Bio-medical waste shall be treated and disposed of in
accordance with Schedule I, and in compliance with the standards
prescribed in Schedule V.
(2) Every occupier, where required, shall set up in accordance with
the time-schedule in Schedule VI, requisite bio-medical waste
treatment facilities like incinerator, autoclave, microwave system
for the treatment of waste, or, ensure requisite treatment of waste
at a common waste treatment facility or any other waste treatment
facility.
6. SEGREGATION, PACKAGING, TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE
(1) Bio-medical waste shall not be mixed with other wastes.
(2) Bio-medical waste shall be segregated into containers/bags at
the point of generation in accordance with Schedule II prior to its
storage, transportation, treatment and disposal. The containers
shall be labeled according to Schedule III.
(3) If a container is transported from the premises where bio-
medical waste is generated to any waste treatment facility outside
the premises, the container shall, apart from the label prescribed
in Schedule III, also carry information prescribed in Schedule IV.
(4) Notwithstanding anything contained in the Motor Vehicles Act,
1988, or rules thereunder, untreated biomedical waste shall be
transported only in such vehicle as may be authorised for the
purpose by the competent authority as specified by the
government.
(5) No untreated bio-medical waste shall be kept stored beyond a
period of 48 hours

6. Provided that if for any reason it becomes necessary to store the
waste beyond such period, the authorised person must take
permission of the prescribed authority and take measures to
ensure that the waste does not adversely affect human health and
the environment.
7. PRESCRIBED AUTHORITY
(1) The Government of every State and Union Territory shall
establish a prescribed authority with such members as may be
specified for granting authorisation and implementing these rules.
If the prescribed authority comprises of more than one member, a
chairperson for the authority shall be designated.
(2) The prescribed authority for the State or Union Territory shall
be appointed within one month of the coming into force of these
rules.
(3) The prescribed authority shall function under the supervision
and control of the respective Government of the State or Union
Territory.
(4) The prescribed authority shall on receipt of Form 1 make such
enquiry as it deems fit and if it is satisfied that the applicant
possesses the necessary capacity to handle bio-medical waste in
accordance with these rules, grant or renew an authorisation as
the case may be.
(5) An authorisation shall be granted for a period of three years,
including an initial trial period of one year from the date of issue.
Thereafter, an application shall be made by the occupier/operator
for renewal. All such subsequent authorisation shall be for a
period of three years. A provisional authorisation will be granted
for the trial period, to enable the occupier/operator to demonstrate
the capacity of the facility.
(6) The prescribed authority may after giving reasonable
opportunity of being heard to the applicant and for reasons thereof
to be recorded in writing, refuse to grant or renew authorisation.
(7) Every application for authorisation shall be disposed of by the
prescribed authority within ninety days from the date of receipt of
the application.
(8) The prescribed authority may cancel or suspend an
authorisation, if for reasons, to be recorded in writing, the

7. occupier/operator has failed to comply with any provision of the
Act or these rules :
Provided that no authorisation shall be cancelled or suspended
without giving a reasonable opportunity to the occupier/operator
of being heard.
8. AUTHORISATION
(1) Every occupier of an institution generating, collecting, receiving,
storing, transporting, treating, disposing and/or handling bio-
medical waste in any other manner, except such occupier of
clinics, dispensaries, pathological laboratories, blood banks
providing treatment/service to less than 1000 (one thousand)
patients per month, shall make an application in Form 1 to the
prescribed authority for grant of authorisation.
(2) Every operator of a bio-medical waste facility shall make an
application in Form 1 to the prescribed authority for grant of
authorisation.
(3) Every application in Form 1 for grant of authorisation shall be
accompanied by a fee as may be prescribed by the Government of
the State or Union Territory.
(4) The authorization to operate a facility shall be issued in Form
IV subject to conditions laid therein and such other conditions, as
the prescribed authority.
9. ADVISORY COMMITTEE
The Government of every State/Union Territory shall constitute an
advisory committee. The committee will include experts in the field
of medical and health, animal husbandry and veterinary sciences,
environmental management, municipal administration, and any
other related department or organisation including non-
governmental organisations. The State Pollution Control
Board/Pollution Control Committee shall be represented. As and
when required, the committee shall advise the Government of the
State/Union Territory and the prescribed authority about matters
related to the implementation of these rules.
10. ANNUAL REPORT
Every occupier/operator shall submit an annual report to the
prescribed authority in Form 11 by 31 January every year, to

8. include information about the categories and quantities of bio-
medical wastes handled during the preceding year. The prescribed
authority shall send this information in a compiled form to the
Central Pollution Control Board by 31 March every year.
11. MAINTENANCE OF RECORDS
(1) Every authorised person shall maintain records related to the
generation, collect ' ion, reception, storage, transporation,
treatment, disposal and/or any form of handling of bio-medical
waste in accordance with these rules and any guidelines issued.
(2) All records shall be subject to inspection and verification by the
prescribed authority at any time.
12. ACCIDENT REPORTING
When any accident occurs at any institution or facility or any other
site where bio-medical waste is handled or during transportation of
such waste, the authorised person shall report the accident in
Form Ill to the prescribed authority forthwith.
13. APPEAL
Any person aggrieved by an order made by the prescribed authority
under these rules may, within thirty days from the date on which
the order is communicated to him, prefer an appeal to such
authority as the Government of State/Union Territory may think fit
to constitute :
Provided that the authority may entertain the appeal after the
expiry of the said period of thirty days if it is satisfied that the
appellant was prevented by sufficient cause from filing the appeal
in time.
1. COMMON DISPOSAL /INCINERATION SITES
Without prejudice to rule 5 of these rules, the Municipal
Corporation, Municipal Boards or Urban Local Bodies, as the case
may be, shall be responsible for providing suitable common
disposal/incineration sires for the biomedical wastes generated in
the area under their jurisdication and in areas outside the
jurisdiction of any municipal body, it shall be the responsibility of
the occupier generating

9. SCHEDULE I
(See Rule 5)
CATEGORIES OF BIO-MEDICAL WASTE
Waste
Category
No.
Waste Category [Type] Treatment ad
Disposal [Option+]
Category
No. I
Human Anatomical Waste
(human tissues, organs, body
parts)
incineration@/deep
burial*
Category
No. 2
Animal Waste
(animal tissues, organs, body
parts carcasses, bleeding parts,
fluid, blood and experimental
animals used in research, waste
generated by veterinary hospitals
colleges, discharge from
hospitals, animal
houses)
incineration@/deep
burial*
Category
No 3
Microbiology & Biotechnology
Waste
(wastes from laboratory cultures,
stocks or specimens of micro-
organisms live or attenuated
vaccines, human and animal
cellculture used in research and
infectious agents from research
and industrial laboratories,
wastes from production of
biologicals, toxins, dishes
and devices used for transfer of
cultures)
local
autoclaving/micro-
waving/incineration@
Category
No 4
Waste sharps
(needles, syringes, scalpels,
blades, glass, etc. that may
cause puncture and cuts. This
includes both used and unused
sharps)
disinfection (chemical
treat- ment@01/auto
claving/micro-waving
and multilation/
shredding"
Category
No 5
Discarded Medicines and
Cytotoxic drugs
(wastes comprising of outdated,
contaminated and discarded
medicines)
inc incineration
@/destruct ion and
drugs disposal in
secured landfills

10. Category
No 6
Solid Waste
(Items contaminated with blood,
and body fluids including cotton,
dressings, soiled plaster casts,
lines, beddings, other material
contaminated with blood)
incineration@
autoclaving/microwa
ving
Category
No. 7
Solid Waste
(wastes generated from
disposable items other than the
waste [sharps] such as tubings,
catheters, intravenous sets etc).
disinfection by
chemical
treatment@@
autoclaving/microwa
ving and multilation/
shredding##
Category
No. 8
Liquid Waste
(waste generated from laboratory
and washing, cleaning, house-
keeping and disinfecting
activities)
disinfection by
chemical
treatment@@ and
discharge
Category
No. 9
Incineration Ash
(ash from incineration of any
bio-medical waste)
disposal in municipal
landfill
Category
No. 10
Chemical Waste
(chemicals used in production of
biologicals, chemicals used
indisinfection, as insecticides,
etc.)
chemical
treatment@@ and
discharge into drains
for liquids and
secured landfill for
solids.
@ Chemicals treatment using at least 1% hypochlorite solution or any
other equivalent chemical reagent. It must be ensured that chemical
treatment ensures disinfection.
## Multilation/shredding must be such so as to prevent unauthorised
reuse.
@ There will be no chemical pretreatment before incineration.
Chlorinated plastics shall not be incinerated.
* Deep burial shall be an option available only in towns with population
less than five lakhs and in rural areas.

11. SCHEDULE II
(see Rule 6)
COLOUR CODING AND TYPE OF CONTAINER FOR DISPOSAL OF BIO-
MEDICAL WASTES
Colour
Conding
Type of Container -I Waste
Category
Treatment options as
per
Schedule I
Yellow Plastic bag Cat. 1, Cat. 2,
and Cat. 3, Cat. 6.
Incineration/deep burial
Red Disinfected
container/plastic bag Cat. 3,
Cat. 6, Cat.7.
Autoclaving/Microwaving/
Chemical Treatment
Blue/White
translucent
Plastic bag/puncture proof
Cat. 4, Cat. 7. Container
Autoclaving/Microwaving/
Chemical Treatment and
destruction/shredding
Black Plastic bag Cat. 5 and Cat. 9
and Cat. 10. (solid)
Disposal in secured
landfill
Notes:
1. Colour coding of waste categories with multiple treatment options as
defined in Schedule I, shall be selected depending on treatment option
chosen, which shall be as specified in Schedule I.
2. Waste collection bags for waste types needing incineration shall not be
made of chlorinated plastics.
3. Categories 8 and 10 (liquid) do not require containers/bags.
4. Category 3 if disinfected locally need not be put in containers/bags.

12. LIST OF BIO MEDICAL WASTE SERVICE PROVIDERS
Sr.
No.
Name and
Address
Phone No. E-Mail Address
1. Haat Supreme
Sartech Pvt.
Ltd., Vill &
P.O. Bazinda
Jatan, Carnal.
9316930276,9814895394,
01723043461
2. Vulcon Waste
Management
Co., 1046,
Sector-31,
Gurgaon
9810663869, 9899616164
3. Synergy Waste
Management
Pvt. Ltd., 168,
Sector-27-28,
HUDA, IA,
Hisar
0112693372 biowaste@indiatimes.com
4. Ess Kay
Hygienic,
Panchkula
5. S.D.Bio-
medical
Waste, Rohtak
6. Divya Waste
Management,
Jind