biological control of pests parasitoids

2. Lab 1

3. Biological control
is the reduction of pest populations by
natural enemies and typically involves
an active human role.

4. The Natural enemies ?
Living organisms that are normally found in
the same habitat of the target pests and
keeping the pest population under control.
Parasitic wasp
Pathogen Predator

5. Predators
free-living species that consume a large
number of preys during their lifetime.

6. Pathogens
are disease-causing organisms including
bacteria, fungi, and viruses.

7. Parasites
an organism that lives and
feeds in or on a host.

8. are species whose immature stage
develops on or within a single insect
host, ultimately killing the host.
Parasitoids

9. 1- According to site of attacks on host body
parasitoids feed on the host body
and complete their development
externally on its host
Parasitoids which complete
their development within or
inside the host body.

10. 2- According to the number of individuals per hosts:
One progeny can complete its
development in or on its host
Several progenies can complete
their development in or on a
single host

11. 3- According to parasitoid – parasitoid relationships:
a. Primary parasitoids: The
parasitoid develops in or upon
the host which is non-parasitic.
b. Secondary parasitoids
(hyperprasitism):The parasitoids
develop in or on the host that are a
primary parasitoid.
c. Tertiary parasitoids:
The parasitoid develops in or on
a secondary parasitoid.
d. Quaternary parasitoids:
The parasitoid develops in or in
the tertiary parasitoid.
Primary parasitoids
Host
Primary parasitoids
Secondary parasitoid
Host

12. Dr.Hoda Abdel Fattah
1. Intraspecific competition
(Super parasitism):
More than one parasitoids
of the Same species
parasitized a host that has
already
parasitized.
2- Interspecific competition
(Multiple parasitism)
More than one parasitoids
of
different species
parasitized a host that
4- According to competition among immature
parasitoid stages: Super parasitism
Parasitoids
Host
Multiple parasitism
Aphid mummiesParasitoid
Parasitoid

13. Dr.Hoda Abdel Fattah
a) Monophagous:
The parasitoids which are specific to one particular host.
b) Oligophagous or Stenophagous:
Parasitoids that restrict themselves to few number of
closely related hosts.
c) Polyphagous:
Parasitoids that maintain themselves on a multiple of
hosts.
5- According to number of hosts
attacked:

15. I. Egg Endoparasites

16. Eg.1 Evania appendigaster
Order: Hymenoptera
Family: Evaniidae
Host: egg capsules of cockroaches .
 Eggs are deposited within the egg
capsule of cockroach.
 The wasp larva hatches quickly
and consumes the roach eggs.
Phoresy habit: is a temporary
association in which an animal is
transported by another of a different
species without feeding on it.

17. Eg.2 Mintho compressa
Order: Diptera
Family: Tachinidae
Host: egg capsules of
cockroaches .
 Eggs of the parasite are
deposited on the surface of the
ootheca.
 The hatched larvae of the
parasite begin to penetrate into
the ootheca by the help of its
mouth parts.

18. E.g. 4. Trichogramma spp.
Order: Hymenoptera
Family: Trichogrammatidae
Host: eggs of over 200 species of
moth and caterpillars.