Biofilms are communities of microbial cells that irreversibly attach to surfaces and are encased in a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), which is crucial for their integrity and protection. The formation of biofilms involves five stages: attachment, growth, development, maturation, and dispersion, and they exhibit high drug tolerance due to dormant persister cells. While biofilms provide advantages such as nutrient concentration and protection, they can also lead to equipment fouling and infection spread.

1. BIOFILMS
SUTHAR RIDDHI
PATEL BIRAVA
DARVADIYA FIZA

2. what are biofilms ?
A biofilm is an assemblage of
microbial cells that is
irreversibly associated (not
removed by gentle rinsing)with
a surface and enclosed in a
matrix of extracellular
polymeric substance (EPS).
Can be found on our teeth ,
slime forms on shower tiles ,
slippery coating on pond rocks
and leaving tissues.

4. BIOFILM FORMATION

5. STAGES OF
BIOFILM
FORMATION
FIRST STAGE : reversible attachment of
planktonic cells to surface.
SECOND STAGE :irreversible attachment of same
cells.
THIRD STAGE : cell growth and early
development.
FOURTH STAGE : further development and
maturation.
FIFTH STAGE : dispersion into the liquid medium.

6. STRUCTURE OF BIOFILM

7. Basic structure : heterogeneous arrangement of microbial cells on a solid surface.
Glycocalyx matrix : extracellular polymeric substance surrounds the micro colonies
and anchors the bacterial cell to the substrate.
Biofilms are composed of about 80-85% EPS and only 15-20% cells.
EPS has its major components are polysaccharides , protein and extracellular DNA.
DNA.
EPS plays a major role in maintaining the integrity also it is highly hydrated and it
can prevent desiccation in some biofilms.
EPS can also act as a diffusion barrier , preventing toxic substance.

8. COMMUNICATION
LANGUAGE IN
BIOFILM
 Few years ago , some scientists proposed in cities that
microorganisms are considered as “social” organisms able to
communicate with one another.
 By using chemical languages bacteria can learn about their
current cell population also it can modify their behavior .
 When bacteria grow in the biofilms they secrete signaling
molecules and respond to signals called auto inducers
 This process , termed quorum sensing , allows bacteria to
monitor the environment for other bacteria and to alter
behavior on population.
 Two type of quorum sensing bacteria
 1. intra species communication
 2.interspecies communication

9. MULTI DRUG TOLERANCE
OF BIOFILMS
 It has high level drug tolerance , it can
fold 100-1000 folds tolerance towards
antibiotic .
 Bacterial population produce a small
number of dormant persister cells that
exhibit multidrug tolerance.
 The resistance mechanisms do
essentially the same thing : prevent the
antibiotic from hitting a target.

11. ADVANTAGES
OF BIOFILM
 Nutrients tend to concentrate at surfaces.
 Protective against predation and external
environment.
 Waste can accumulate to toxic levels inside
biofilm.
 Access to oxygen and water can become
limited.

12. DISADVANTAGES
OF BIOFILM
 Biofilm can cause fouling of the equipment.
 It can contaminate products.
 It can damage the water distribution system.
 It can spread the infection to distinct location
within the body.
 Biofilms inside bladder cells may cause urinary
tract infections.

13. https://images.app.goo.gl/M3gcxixX6GdHmdQN8
https://www.slideshare.net/selviganesh/biofilms-244899697