This document discusses the importance of research bioethics. It notes that bioethics deals with ethical issues in biomedicine and biomedical research, including research ethics, medical ethics, dental ethics, and environmental ethics. It emphasizes three core principles of ethical research: informed consent, welfare of participants, and confidentiality/anonymity of participants. The document stresses that research ethics aims to protect human subjects and ensure research is conducted safely and for the benefit of society. It also discusses the roles and responsibilities of researchers to obtain proper consent and oversight and disseminate research results in an ethical manner.
Research ethics addresses the ethical principles and values applied to research. This includes ethical treatment of human and animal subjects, preventing misuse of research results, and addressing scientific misconduct. The key principles of research ethics are respect for persons, beneficence, and justice. Respect for persons means respecting individual autonomy and protecting vulnerable populations. Beneficence means research should do no harm and maximize benefits while minimizing risks. Justice means fairness in who bears risks and benefits from research. Research ethics aims to ensure ethical and responsible conduct of research through guidelines, oversight bodies, and codes of conduct.
The document discusses the principles and issues of ICMR guidelines for biomedical research involving human subjects. It provides an overview of ICMR's history of developing ethical guidelines since 1980 to protect participants. The document then outlines 12 general ethical principles that research should adhere to, including principles of essentiality, voluntariness, non-exploitation, and minimizing risks and maximizing benefits. It also discusses issues like informed consent processes, assessing risks and benefits, maintaining privacy and confidentiality, and ensuring distributive justice.
1. Ensuring the safety and well-being of human subjects in clinical trials requires adherence to ethical principles like respect for persons, beneficence, and justice. Informed consent is also crucial, and involves fully informing subjects of risks, benefits, alternatives, and the voluntary nature of participation.
2. Proper oversight from investigators, research coordinators, and institutional review boards (IRBs) is needed to review protocols and documents, ensure risks are minimized, and that the rights and welfare of subjects are adequately protected.
3. Developing countries present additional challenges in protecting subjects due to factors like poverty, lack of education, weak regulatory systems, and cultural issues that can compromise truly informed consent. Strengthening
This document provides an overview of research ethics and ethical principles guiding human subject research. It discusses key topics including:
1) The importance of ethics in research to protect participants and ensure respect, safety, and knowledge sharing.
2) Ethical principles like respect for human dignity, informed consent, protecting vulnerable groups, and ensuring benefits outweigh risks.
3) Procedures for ethical research like obtaining informed consent, maintaining confidentiality, minimizing harms, and conducting risk-benefit assessments.
4) Potential benefits and risks to research participants in different types of studies.
5) Special considerations for vulnerable groups like children, those with disabilities, the terminally ill, and institutionalized individuals.
This document discusses research ethics and the ethical issues researchers must consider. It defines research ethics as principles guiding how researchers interact with participants, colleagues, and society. Researchers must get informed consent, avoid pressure on participants, respect participant autonomy, protect vulnerable groups, ensure anonymity and confidentiality, avoid harm, be objective, not take advantage of easy groups, and be open. Following ethics promotes respecting participants, advancing knowledge, trust, accountability, and public support. Violations can damage participant cooperation, public confidence, and researcher integrity. Ethics apply to all research stages and contribute to quality.
The document discusses ethics in nursing research. It defines ethics in nursing research as following moral principles to protect the rights and welfare of research participants. Key ethical principles discussed include beneficence, establishing that risks do not outweigh benefits; justice, treating participants fairly; and respecting human dignity through informed consent. The American Nurses Association and Indian Nursing Council provide codes of ethics to guide ethical nursing research.
last and final ppt on research and publication.pptxmamtajain61
This document discusses research ethics and publication ethics. It begins by defining ethics and outlining some key ethical principles like autonomy, beneficence, and justice. It then discusses objectives of research ethics like protecting participants and ensuring research benefits society. Several ethical principles of research are described, including honesty, integrity, informed consent, and protecting anonymity. Advantages of adhering to research ethics include increased trust and accountability. The document concludes by defining publication ethics and some important guidelines like authorship criteria, plagiarism, peer review, and transparency.
This document discusses ethics in clinical research and medical research. It covers key topics like the principles of ethics, objectives of medical research ethics, functions of medical research, moral problems in clinical research, and ethics requirements. The three main ethical principles are described as justice, respect for persons, and beneficence/non-maleficence. Informed consent, minimizing risks and maximizing benefits, non-exploitation of subjects, and balancing research with patient care are some of the important aspects covered.
Research ethics addresses the ethical principles and values applied to research. This includes ethical treatment of human and animal subjects, preventing misuse of research results, and addressing scientific misconduct. The key principles of research ethics are respect for persons, beneficence, and justice. Respect for persons means respecting individual autonomy and protecting vulnerable populations. Beneficence means research should do no harm and maximize benefits while minimizing risks. Justice means fairness in who bears risks and benefits from research. Research ethics aims to ensure ethical and responsible conduct of research through guidelines, oversight bodies, and codes of conduct.
The document discusses the principles and issues of ICMR guidelines for biomedical research involving human subjects. It provides an overview of ICMR's history of developing ethical guidelines since 1980 to protect participants. The document then outlines 12 general ethical principles that research should adhere to, including principles of essentiality, voluntariness, non-exploitation, and minimizing risks and maximizing benefits. It also discusses issues like informed consent processes, assessing risks and benefits, maintaining privacy and confidentiality, and ensuring distributive justice.
1. Ensuring the safety and well-being of human subjects in clinical trials requires adherence to ethical principles like respect for persons, beneficence, and justice. Informed consent is also crucial, and involves fully informing subjects of risks, benefits, alternatives, and the voluntary nature of participation.
2. Proper oversight from investigators, research coordinators, and institutional review boards (IRBs) is needed to review protocols and documents, ensure risks are minimized, and that the rights and welfare of subjects are adequately protected.
3. Developing countries present additional challenges in protecting subjects due to factors like poverty, lack of education, weak regulatory systems, and cultural issues that can compromise truly informed consent. Strengthening
This document provides an overview of research ethics and ethical principles guiding human subject research. It discusses key topics including:
1) The importance of ethics in research to protect participants and ensure respect, safety, and knowledge sharing.
2) Ethical principles like respect for human dignity, informed consent, protecting vulnerable groups, and ensuring benefits outweigh risks.
3) Procedures for ethical research like obtaining informed consent, maintaining confidentiality, minimizing harms, and conducting risk-benefit assessments.
4) Potential benefits and risks to research participants in different types of studies.
5) Special considerations for vulnerable groups like children, those with disabilities, the terminally ill, and institutionalized individuals.
This document discusses research ethics and the ethical issues researchers must consider. It defines research ethics as principles guiding how researchers interact with participants, colleagues, and society. Researchers must get informed consent, avoid pressure on participants, respect participant autonomy, protect vulnerable groups, ensure anonymity and confidentiality, avoid harm, be objective, not take advantage of easy groups, and be open. Following ethics promotes respecting participants, advancing knowledge, trust, accountability, and public support. Violations can damage participant cooperation, public confidence, and researcher integrity. Ethics apply to all research stages and contribute to quality.
The document discusses ethics in nursing research. It defines ethics in nursing research as following moral principles to protect the rights and welfare of research participants. Key ethical principles discussed include beneficence, establishing that risks do not outweigh benefits; justice, treating participants fairly; and respecting human dignity through informed consent. The American Nurses Association and Indian Nursing Council provide codes of ethics to guide ethical nursing research.
last and final ppt on research and publication.pptxmamtajain61
This document discusses research ethics and publication ethics. It begins by defining ethics and outlining some key ethical principles like autonomy, beneficence, and justice. It then discusses objectives of research ethics like protecting participants and ensuring research benefits society. Several ethical principles of research are described, including honesty, integrity, informed consent, and protecting anonymity. Advantages of adhering to research ethics include increased trust and accountability. The document concludes by defining publication ethics and some important guidelines like authorship criteria, plagiarism, peer review, and transparency.
This document discusses ethics in clinical research and medical research. It covers key topics like the principles of ethics, objectives of medical research ethics, functions of medical research, moral problems in clinical research, and ethics requirements. The three main ethical principles are described as justice, respect for persons, and beneficence/non-maleficence. Informed consent, minimizing risks and maximizing benefits, non-exploitation of subjects, and balancing research with patient care are some of the important aspects covered.
Ethical standards are important in research for several reasons. They promote truthful and accurate research by prohibiting falsification of data. They also promote collaboration through values like trust and accountability. Ethical standards ensure researchers are accountable to the public since they are often publicly funded. Following ethics helps build public support and trust in research. Areas of unethical conduct include plagiarism, fabrication, failing to publish results, faulty methods, and improper authorship. Researchers have a duty to protect subjects' rights, obtain informed consent, and conduct legal and responsible research.
Reply week 8 reflection 1-leydina triana Chapter 12 is bas.docxchris293
Reply week 8 reflection
1-leydina triana
Chapter 12 is base in Research ethic. Principles of ethical conduct in research. Research ethics are norms for the conduct of a research. Individuals should be treated as autonomous agents. the term autonomous refers to the ability to make decisions, and the principles refers to honoring those decisions, unless they are detrimental to others. Lack of respect for persons is shown when a person is denied freedom to act on his or her decisions or when information needed to make a decision is withheld without a compelling reason to do so (NIH, 2009 ).You can see that achieving the optimum balance between offering prisoner’s opportunities to participate in research studies and not placing any pressure on them, even too generous an incentive can be considered too much pressure.
In chapter 13 focuses in participant recruitment. Complex studies involving hard to reach populations require an especially detailed plan for recruitment. The plan should include the inclusion and exclusion criteria and address the means by which you will access the population. Potential barriers to participation, how you will establish trust. Lastly how and what will persuade people to participate. There are sources that can provide access to possible participants. They often serve as gatekeepers, protecting the privacy of potential participants but also allowing and facilitating access under appropriate circumstances.
2-marisley tapia
Chapter 12 is focused on the principles of research ethics. Research ethics are based on three fundamental principles, respect for persons, beneficence, and justice.
Respect for persons. This principle incorporates two elements that deal with respecting people in regard to research: People should be treated as autonomous. The term autonomous means that a person can make his or her own decisions about what to do and what to agree to. Researchers must respect that individuals should make their own informed decisions about whether to participate in research. Beneficence, the definition of beneficence is an action that is done for the benefit of others. This principle states that research should: Do no harm. The purpose of health research is to discover new information that would be helpful to society. The purpose of research should never be to hurt anyone or find out information at the expense of other people. The purpose of much research involving humans is to show whether a drug is safe and effective. This means participants may be exposed to some harms or risks. Researchers are obligated to do their best to minimize those possible risks and to maximize the benefits for participants. Justice, this principle deals with the concept of fairness. Researchers designing trials should consider what is fair in terms of recruitment of participants and choice of location to conduct a trial. This encompasses issues related to who benefits from research and who bears the risks of research. It provides the.
This document outlines several key ethical principles for protecting research participants as described in the Belmont Report. It discusses the principles of beneficence, respect for human dignity, and justice. It also describes procedures used to protect participants, including risk/benefit assessment, informed consent, maintaining confidentiality, providing debriefings and referrals when needed, and ensuring the ethical treatment of vulnerable groups. Research involving human subjects must consider these ethical guidelines.
The document summarizes the revised National Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical and Health Research involving Human Participants released by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) in 2017.
It provides an overview of the history and development of ethical guidelines in India and internationally. The key sections and principles covered in the new guidelines are summarized, including informed consent process, vulnerable groups, responsible conduct of research, and ethical review procedures. The guidelines aim to protect dignity, rights, safety and well-being of research participants according to core ethical principles of respect for persons, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice.
Bioethics including ethics in collaborative research and publication ethicsArati Mishra Ingalageri
The document discusses research ethics and publication ethics. It provides an overview of the history and development of research ethics beginning with the Nuremberg Code created after World War 2 in response to unethical human experimentation. It discusses guidelines like the Declaration of Helsinki and Belmont Report that further developed ethical standards. Key aspects of research ethics discussed include informed consent, treatment of human/animal subjects, and codes of conduct. The document also outlines publication ethics standards regarding authorship, plagiarism, peer review, and data sharing.
This document discusses research ethics and the ethical issues involved in conducting research. It outlines three approaches to ethics: universal moral code, individual conscience, and weighing costs and benefits. It identifies three stakeholders in research: participants, researchers, and funding bodies. The document then examines several ethical issues concerning research participants, such as obtaining informed consent, avoiding harm, maintaining confidentiality and anonymity of data. It also discusses ethical responsibilities of researchers, such as avoiding bias and misuse of data, and of funding bodies, such as not imposing restrictions or misusing data.
Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR).pptxSamikshaHamane
Introduction
Objective
Organisation structure
Roles & responsibilities of ICMR
Intramural research & Extramural research
General principles
Ethical Review Procedures
Composition
Training & regulation
The document discusses ethics and legal issues in research. It outlines the lecture objectives which are to identify major ethics approaches, define research ethics, discuss ethical concerns in research, and demonstrate protection from harm. The content covers research ethics, ethics approaches like deontology and utilitarianism, informed consent requirements, and ensuring protection of participants from physical or mental harm. Ethical issues discussed include the relationship between research and society, obtaining proper consent, and allowing freedom to withdraw.
This document discusses ethics in nursing research. It begins by defining ethics and explaining concepts like bioethics and professional codes of ethics. It then discusses requirements for obtaining human research ethics clearance and the types of human participation in research. The document outlines three main ethical principles from the Belmont Report - respect for human dignity, beneficence, and justice. It also discusses informed consent, national ethical guidelines, ethical dilemmas in research, and deception in research.
The document summarizes the functions and ethical guidelines of the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR). ICMR is the apex body for biomedical research in India. It provides funding for research, has governing bodies like a scientific advisory board, and aims to conduct ethical research that respects participants. The document outlines general ethical principles like voluntary participation, informed consent, and minimizing risks. It also discusses issues like privacy, payment for participation, and managing conflicts of interest. ICMR has various divisions, regional centers, and institutes that conduct and support biomedical research across India.
This document discusses several important ethical issues in psychological research including: informed consent, where participants must be informed of the study details and risks; debriefing, where participants are explained the study after participation; deception, which should be avoided unless necessary; confidentiality, where participants' information must be kept private; and withdrawal, allowing participants to leave the study at any time. It provides guidelines on these issues to ensure the ethical treatment and protection of research participants.
Presentation about research and research ethicsnaribarbon
The document discusses research ethics and its principles. It outlines the objectives of ethical research which are to protect human participants, ensure research benefits society, and ensure research is ethically designed. The principles of research ethics discussed include honesty, integrity, informed consent, respect for persons, beneficence, justice and protecting privacy. Adhering to research ethics promotes trust, accountability and social values. However, research also poses limitations such as risks to participants' physical and psychological well-being. Ensuring ethics at all stages of research involves considering stakeholders, risks, responsibilities and resolving ethical issues.
Presentation about research and research ethicsnaribarbon
The document discusses research ethics and its principles. It outlines the objectives of ethical research which are to protect human participants, ensure research benefits society, and ensure research is ethically designed. The principles of research ethics discussed include honesty, integrity, informed consent, respect for persons, beneficence, justice and protecting privacy. Adhering to research ethics promotes trust, accountability and social values. However, research also poses limitations such as risks to participants' physical and psychological well-being. Ensuring ethics at all stages of research involves considering stakeholders, risks, responsibilities and resolving ethical issues.
1) Medical technology and health information technology aim to advance patient care but also raise ethical issues that require consideration. New innovations are often adopted without fully evaluating ethical implications.
2) Proper informed consent and adherence to ethical guidelines are important for ethical medical research and evaluation of new technologies. However, past examples like the Tuskegee Syphilis study show a lack of focus on ethics.
3) While electronic health records increase efficiency and quality of care, their use also risks patient confidentiality and could divert attention away from patients if not implemented carefully with ethical use in mind. Health organizations have an obligation to prioritize patient well-being and safety.
Lecture 7-research ethics and engaging culture.pptxXiaolanDeng1
This document outlines the key aspects of research ethics and procedures for protecting study participants. It discusses definitions of ethics and human research, why research ethics are important, and the ethical principles of human dignity, consent, protecting vulnerable groups, privacy/confidentiality, balancing risks and benefits, and justice/inclusiveness. It describes procedures like risk-benefit assessments and issues around participants. It also focuses on the ethical treatment of vulnerable groups like children, disabled people, the severely ill, terminally ill, and institutionalized individuals.
Research methodology ethical issues in research an assignmentMaiJoy
This document discusses six key ethical considerations in research: 1) informed consent, 2) invasion of privacy and maintaining confidentiality, 3) deception, 4) protection from harm, 5) data protection, and 6) managing conflicts of interest and affiliation. Violating any of these ethics can have negative consequences like jeopardizing future participation in research, damaging the reputation of the researcher and sponsor, and weakening public trust in the research process. Upholding strong ethical standards is important for conducting research responsibly and building trust.
Nursing research must adhere to basic ethical principles of autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice. Researchers must protect participants from harm, safeguard them from exploitation, and ensure respect, dignity, privacy, and fair treatment. The risks of a study should never outweigh the expected benefits. Informed consent is required to respect human dignity, and vulnerable groups should not be overused in research.
Ethical standards are important in research for several reasons. They promote truthful and accurate research by prohibiting falsification of data. They also promote collaboration through values like trust and accountability. Ethical standards ensure researchers are accountable to the public since they are often publicly funded. Following ethics helps build public support and trust in research. Areas of unethical conduct include plagiarism, fabrication, failing to publish results, faulty methods, and improper authorship. Researchers have a duty to protect subjects' rights, obtain informed consent, and conduct legal and responsible research.
Reply week 8 reflection 1-leydina triana Chapter 12 is bas.docxchris293
Reply week 8 reflection
1-leydina triana
Chapter 12 is base in Research ethic. Principles of ethical conduct in research. Research ethics are norms for the conduct of a research. Individuals should be treated as autonomous agents. the term autonomous refers to the ability to make decisions, and the principles refers to honoring those decisions, unless they are detrimental to others. Lack of respect for persons is shown when a person is denied freedom to act on his or her decisions or when information needed to make a decision is withheld without a compelling reason to do so (NIH, 2009 ).You can see that achieving the optimum balance between offering prisoner’s opportunities to participate in research studies and not placing any pressure on them, even too generous an incentive can be considered too much pressure.
In chapter 13 focuses in participant recruitment. Complex studies involving hard to reach populations require an especially detailed plan for recruitment. The plan should include the inclusion and exclusion criteria and address the means by which you will access the population. Potential barriers to participation, how you will establish trust. Lastly how and what will persuade people to participate. There are sources that can provide access to possible participants. They often serve as gatekeepers, protecting the privacy of potential participants but also allowing and facilitating access under appropriate circumstances.
2-marisley tapia
Chapter 12 is focused on the principles of research ethics. Research ethics are based on three fundamental principles, respect for persons, beneficence, and justice.
Respect for persons. This principle incorporates two elements that deal with respecting people in regard to research: People should be treated as autonomous. The term autonomous means that a person can make his or her own decisions about what to do and what to agree to. Researchers must respect that individuals should make their own informed decisions about whether to participate in research. Beneficence, the definition of beneficence is an action that is done for the benefit of others. This principle states that research should: Do no harm. The purpose of health research is to discover new information that would be helpful to society. The purpose of research should never be to hurt anyone or find out information at the expense of other people. The purpose of much research involving humans is to show whether a drug is safe and effective. This means participants may be exposed to some harms or risks. Researchers are obligated to do their best to minimize those possible risks and to maximize the benefits for participants. Justice, this principle deals with the concept of fairness. Researchers designing trials should consider what is fair in terms of recruitment of participants and choice of location to conduct a trial. This encompasses issues related to who benefits from research and who bears the risks of research. It provides the.
This document outlines several key ethical principles for protecting research participants as described in the Belmont Report. It discusses the principles of beneficence, respect for human dignity, and justice. It also describes procedures used to protect participants, including risk/benefit assessment, informed consent, maintaining confidentiality, providing debriefings and referrals when needed, and ensuring the ethical treatment of vulnerable groups. Research involving human subjects must consider these ethical guidelines.
The document summarizes the revised National Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical and Health Research involving Human Participants released by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) in 2017.
It provides an overview of the history and development of ethical guidelines in India and internationally. The key sections and principles covered in the new guidelines are summarized, including informed consent process, vulnerable groups, responsible conduct of research, and ethical review procedures. The guidelines aim to protect dignity, rights, safety and well-being of research participants according to core ethical principles of respect for persons, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice.
Bioethics including ethics in collaborative research and publication ethicsArati Mishra Ingalageri
The document discusses research ethics and publication ethics. It provides an overview of the history and development of research ethics beginning with the Nuremberg Code created after World War 2 in response to unethical human experimentation. It discusses guidelines like the Declaration of Helsinki and Belmont Report that further developed ethical standards. Key aspects of research ethics discussed include informed consent, treatment of human/animal subjects, and codes of conduct. The document also outlines publication ethics standards regarding authorship, plagiarism, peer review, and data sharing.
This document discusses research ethics and the ethical issues involved in conducting research. It outlines three approaches to ethics: universal moral code, individual conscience, and weighing costs and benefits. It identifies three stakeholders in research: participants, researchers, and funding bodies. The document then examines several ethical issues concerning research participants, such as obtaining informed consent, avoiding harm, maintaining confidentiality and anonymity of data. It also discusses ethical responsibilities of researchers, such as avoiding bias and misuse of data, and of funding bodies, such as not imposing restrictions or misusing data.
Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR).pptxSamikshaHamane
Introduction
Objective
Organisation structure
Roles & responsibilities of ICMR
Intramural research & Extramural research
General principles
Ethical Review Procedures
Composition
Training & regulation
The document discusses ethics and legal issues in research. It outlines the lecture objectives which are to identify major ethics approaches, define research ethics, discuss ethical concerns in research, and demonstrate protection from harm. The content covers research ethics, ethics approaches like deontology and utilitarianism, informed consent requirements, and ensuring protection of participants from physical or mental harm. Ethical issues discussed include the relationship between research and society, obtaining proper consent, and allowing freedom to withdraw.
This document discusses ethics in nursing research. It begins by defining ethics and explaining concepts like bioethics and professional codes of ethics. It then discusses requirements for obtaining human research ethics clearance and the types of human participation in research. The document outlines three main ethical principles from the Belmont Report - respect for human dignity, beneficence, and justice. It also discusses informed consent, national ethical guidelines, ethical dilemmas in research, and deception in research.
The document summarizes the functions and ethical guidelines of the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR). ICMR is the apex body for biomedical research in India. It provides funding for research, has governing bodies like a scientific advisory board, and aims to conduct ethical research that respects participants. The document outlines general ethical principles like voluntary participation, informed consent, and minimizing risks. It also discusses issues like privacy, payment for participation, and managing conflicts of interest. ICMR has various divisions, regional centers, and institutes that conduct and support biomedical research across India.
This document discusses several important ethical issues in psychological research including: informed consent, where participants must be informed of the study details and risks; debriefing, where participants are explained the study after participation; deception, which should be avoided unless necessary; confidentiality, where participants' information must be kept private; and withdrawal, allowing participants to leave the study at any time. It provides guidelines on these issues to ensure the ethical treatment and protection of research participants.
Presentation about research and research ethicsnaribarbon
The document discusses research ethics and its principles. It outlines the objectives of ethical research which are to protect human participants, ensure research benefits society, and ensure research is ethically designed. The principles of research ethics discussed include honesty, integrity, informed consent, respect for persons, beneficence, justice and protecting privacy. Adhering to research ethics promotes trust, accountability and social values. However, research also poses limitations such as risks to participants' physical and psychological well-being. Ensuring ethics at all stages of research involves considering stakeholders, risks, responsibilities and resolving ethical issues.
Presentation about research and research ethicsnaribarbon
The document discusses research ethics and its principles. It outlines the objectives of ethical research which are to protect human participants, ensure research benefits society, and ensure research is ethically designed. The principles of research ethics discussed include honesty, integrity, informed consent, respect for persons, beneficence, justice and protecting privacy. Adhering to research ethics promotes trust, accountability and social values. However, research also poses limitations such as risks to participants' physical and psychological well-being. Ensuring ethics at all stages of research involves considering stakeholders, risks, responsibilities and resolving ethical issues.
1) Medical technology and health information technology aim to advance patient care but also raise ethical issues that require consideration. New innovations are often adopted without fully evaluating ethical implications.
2) Proper informed consent and adherence to ethical guidelines are important for ethical medical research and evaluation of new technologies. However, past examples like the Tuskegee Syphilis study show a lack of focus on ethics.
3) While electronic health records increase efficiency and quality of care, their use also risks patient confidentiality and could divert attention away from patients if not implemented carefully with ethical use in mind. Health organizations have an obligation to prioritize patient well-being and safety.
Lecture 7-research ethics and engaging culture.pptxXiaolanDeng1
This document outlines the key aspects of research ethics and procedures for protecting study participants. It discusses definitions of ethics and human research, why research ethics are important, and the ethical principles of human dignity, consent, protecting vulnerable groups, privacy/confidentiality, balancing risks and benefits, and justice/inclusiveness. It describes procedures like risk-benefit assessments and issues around participants. It also focuses on the ethical treatment of vulnerable groups like children, disabled people, the severely ill, terminally ill, and institutionalized individuals.
Research methodology ethical issues in research an assignmentMaiJoy
This document discusses six key ethical considerations in research: 1) informed consent, 2) invasion of privacy and maintaining confidentiality, 3) deception, 4) protection from harm, 5) data protection, and 6) managing conflicts of interest and affiliation. Violating any of these ethics can have negative consequences like jeopardizing future participation in research, damaging the reputation of the researcher and sponsor, and weakening public trust in the research process. Upholding strong ethical standards is important for conducting research responsibly and building trust.
Nursing research must adhere to basic ethical principles of autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice. Researchers must protect participants from harm, safeguard them from exploitation, and ensure respect, dignity, privacy, and fair treatment. The risks of a study should never outweigh the expected benefits. Informed consent is required to respect human dignity, and vulnerable groups should not be overused in research.
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
Adhd Medication Shortage Uk - trinexpharmacy.comreignlana06
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Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
2. 2
https://academicstrive.com/DDPJ/ https://academicstrive.com/submit-manuscript.php
Journal of Dentistry and Dental Practices
patients. Medical ethics defines prejudice-free meanings of
health, death, disease, and useless treatment. It also justifies
whethertoremoveusefulorgansfrompatientswhoareeither
brain dead or had cardiac arrest. It also describes matters
that are concerned with finding basis for fetal testing and
abortion. It also deals with involuntary hospitalization and
treatment of mentally distressed people; disputes between
physicians and their employers and third-party (Figure 2).
Professional Dentistry in Pakistan is presently being
challenged. It is about professionalism whether it is patient
related or in research dentistry. It is essential to disseminate
ethical behaviour and stress on formal ethics education
be given to dental students through curriculum of Dental
schools. There are needs in ethics education that need to be
fulfilled. Four general themes that surfaced are: the need for
ethics to be more fully incorporated in the curriculum and
be carried on into the clinical years; ways of evaluating and
certifyingcompetence;thenecessityforfacultydevelopment;
and appropriate method of instruction
This would develop best possible education to its students,
giving priority to public service over self-interest and
enforcing regulations and codes of ethics through self-
government.
The development of oral health is dependent upon ethical
guidance from the dental profession in science and
technology through impartial research and conscientious
clinical investigation and ethical clinical practice, a dentist
can substantially impact the health and well-being of the
public (Figure 3).
Figure 3: Research Bioethics.
Individuals have basic human rights that include dignified
treatment by researchers. Research subjects are not “objects”
or resources to be used for some end.
The highest body within an institution shall establish the
Ethical Board for Research that is provided with necessary
and sufficient ongoing financial and administrative resources
to fulfill their duties. They must be independent in their
decision making and are accountable to the highest body that
established them for the process of research ethics review
(Figure 4).
There are three core principles of Research.
Figure 4: Three core principles of research.
Informed consent, which is free and ongoing, is necessary
for the researchers and participants to act as collaborators.
Participants must be advised of the risks and potential
benefits of the research. Potential participants must be given
an information sheet and/or consent form outlining what the
research is about. Researchers must keep in mind the Welfare
which is the Beneficence concerned with the well-being of
person,group,communityaffectedbytheresearch.Noperson
or group should be exploited for research e.g., prison inmates
nor should be systemically excluded from the benefits.
Confidentiality and anonymity are ethical practices designed
to protect the privacy of human subjects while collecting,
analyzing, and reporting data. Privacy and Confidentiality
must be maintained when there is contact between
researcher and subject to avoid harm, embarrassment,
inadvertent identification. Benefits must outweigh any harm
to participants. The ethical duty of confidentiality includes
obligations to protect information from unauthorized access,
use, disclosure, modification, loss, or theft. Researcher
may have a duty to report on certain activities observed
or disclosed (e.g., child abuse, crime). Permission from the
participants to use the data may be sought after-the-fact if
they are available [2].
The consent process is important step in research.
Researchers must provide to prospective participants, or
authorized third parties, full disclosure of all information
necessary for making an informed decision to participate
in a research project. The researcher demonstrates that
the research is being carried out for the participant’s direct
benefit, or for the benefit of other persons in the same
category. If the research does not have the potential for
direct benefit to the participant but only for the benefit of
the other persons in the same category, the researcher shall
demonstrate that the research will expose the participant to
only a minimal risk and minimal burden and demonstrate
how the participant’s welfare will be protected throughout
the participation in research. Prospective participant must
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Journal of Dentistry and Dental Practices
have the ability to understand to consent. A consent form is
important because it mentions the ability of the participant
to leave study at any time. A person with limited ability (e.g.,
child, medically limited) must have an agent or guardian
provide the consent [3].
The scope and objectives of the research, dictates that
researcher should be inclusive in selecting participants.
Researchers shall not exclude individuals from the
opportunity to participate in research based on attributes
such as culture, language, religion, race, disability, sexual
orientation, ethnicity, linguistic proficiency, gender or age,
unless there is a valid reason for the exclusion. Groups
must not be unfairly included in research because they are
convenient populations (prisoners, students, people with
limited financial resources or those in other circumstances
of vulnerability) [4].
The outcome of research is disseminated by the Researchers,
through publication or otherwise, the analysis of data and
interpretation of research results, including those that do not
support the research hypotheses. The dissemination shall
take place in a timely manner without undue restriction.
It is Researchers’ responsibility to monitor their research
to ensure that it is conducted in an ethical manner, report
unanticipated issues or changes to the research, supervise all
team members in the application of the research procedures,
and ensure that they are properly qualified and versed in the
conduct of ethical research.
References
1. Lantz MS, Bebeau MJ, Zarkowski P (2011) The status of
ethics teaching and learning in U.S. dental schools. J Dent
Educ 75(10): 1295-1309.
2. Aarons D (1995) Research ethics. West Indian Med J
44(4): 115-118.
3. Weijer C, Dickens B, Meslin EM (1997) Bioethics for
clinicians 10. Research ethics CMAJ 156(8): 1153-1157.
4. Artal R, Rubenfeld S (2017) Ethical issues in research.
Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 43: 107-114.