Big History
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This document summarizes several sources related to big history and the development of civilization. It discusses how early humans shared information through oral traditions and innovations like the printing press. It also summarizes Spencer Wells' work tracing human migration patterns out of Africa using genetic markers in DNA. The document then summarizes sources on natural disasters like the Krakatoa volcano eruption in 535 CE that caused global climate change and civilization collapses. Finally, it summarizes theories from Guns, Germs and Steel about how geographic factors contributed to European dominance and discussions of the role of trade, particularly the search for spices, in motivating European exploration like Columbus' voyages.
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The document discusses several key themes in history:
1. The importance of learning from history so humanity can progress in a positive direction. Understanding past events helps avoid mistakes and create a better future.
2. Debate around human origins and migration patterns, with evidence that modern humans descended from tribes in Africa around 100,000 years ago.
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1) The importance of learning from history so humanity can progress in a positive direction. History provides knowledge and opportunities while also carrying risks.
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3) A catastrophic climate event in 535 AD that impacted many parts of the world and potentially stemmed from a large volcanic eruption. Studying such events helps understand climate change.
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All cultures share common traits like customs and laws to maintain order, and react to new knowledge as it becomes available. The printing press, steel weapons, and plow made progress possible in Europe during the 1400s. DNA evidence shows that all humans originated in Africa and migrated throughout the world. Climate changes like volcanic eruptions have caused global catastrophes, like one around 1500 AD that caused worldwide cold, famine, and disease. Europeans had advantages in conquering other areas due to domesticated animals providing surplus food and diseases that native populations lacked immunity against. Columbus set sail seeking trade routes to Asia in 1451 and inadvertently connected the worlds through the Columbian Exchange of crops and livestock between the Americas and Europe.
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The document summarizes several theories about major events and periods in history:
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2) A volcanic eruption around 536 AD caused a global climatic catastrophe that transformed the ancient world into the medieval era, according to evidence from tree rings, ice cores, and documents.
3) While Columbus' voyages had a large impact, the world was already being explored and connected across regions before 1492, though contact between places was still relatively rare.
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1) It traces the development of questioning and seeking knowledge in Western culture back to the Ancient Greeks.
2) It describes how Thales of Miletus was the first to use observation and reason to understand nature, rather than magic.
3) One of the major premises of the film is that as humanity gains new knowledge about the universe, our perception of it changes.
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3. A catastrophic climate event in 535 AD that impacted many parts of the world and theories around what caused it, like a large volcanic eruption.
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The document discusses several key themes in history:
1. The importance of learning from history so humanity can progress in a positive direction. Understanding past events helps avoid mistakes and create a better future.
2. Debate around human origins and migration patterns, with evidence that modern humans descended from tribes in Africa around 100,000 years ago.
3. A catastrophic climate event in 535 AD that impacted many parts of the world and may have been caused by a large volcanic eruption. Studying such events helps understand climate change.
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The document discusses several key themes in history:
1) The importance of learning from history so humanity can progress in a positive direction. History provides knowledge and opportunities while also carrying risks.
2) The debate around human origins and evidence that all living humans descended from one group in Africa thousands of years ago.
3) A catastrophic climate event in 535 AD that impacted many parts of the world and potentially stemmed from a large volcanic eruption. Studying such events helps understand climate change.
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All cultures share common traits like customs and laws to maintain order, and react to new knowledge as it becomes available. The printing press, steel weapons, and plow made progress possible in Europe during the 1400s. DNA evidence shows that all humans originated in Africa and migrated throughout the world. Climate changes like volcanic eruptions have caused global catastrophes, like one around 1500 AD that caused worldwide cold, famine, and disease. Europeans had advantages in conquering other areas due to domesticated animals providing surplus food and diseases that native populations lacked immunity against. Columbus set sail seeking trade routes to Asia in 1451 and inadvertently connected the worlds through the Columbian Exchange of crops and livestock between the Americas and Europe.
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The document discusses how curiosity and questioning have driven human progress throughout history. It provides examples like how the Greeks' individualism and Egyptians' geometry expanded knowledge. Christopher Columbus is highlighted for how his ambition to find gold and spices led to his accidental discovery of the Americas, revolutionizing the world through the Columbian Exchange of crops, animals and people between the hemispheres. His voyage showed how a single person's curiosity can transform history by putting change into motion through exploration and trade.
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- How navigation techniques evolved in the 15th century allowing for global exploration.
- Spencer Wells' genetic research tracing human migration patterns out of Africa around 60,000 years ago along male Y chromosomes.
- The origins and spread of coffee drinking from Ethiopia to Turkey and beyond.
- Evidence that around the 6th century, a volcano or asteroid may have caused particles to block the sun for 18 months based on tree ring data.
- Jared Diamond's research on how geography influenced technology development differences between groups like in New Guinea.
- How diseases brought by Europeans devastated pre-Columbian American populations after first contact.
Big History
Big History is the holistic study of history from the Big Bang to present. It traces patterns and connections between events across disciplines like geology, astronomy, biology and anthropology. An example given is how studying the origins and spread of coffee involves geography, botany, and the Dutch East India Company's role in propagating it across five continents. Big History aims to understand why things are the way they are by considering all relevant factors over long time periods.
Theme 1 james smith iii
This document summarizes themes related to history, science, and trade. It discusses what history is and how it can be verified through primary and secondary sources. It describes how technology like DNA testing and carbon dating are helping scientists solve historical mysteries. The document then summarizes human migration patterns out of Africa based on genetic evidence. It discusses how a volcanic eruption in 535 AD may have impacted governments and populations around the world. Finally, it provides context about the state of the world, trade, and civilizations in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the Americas prior to 1492.
Theme 1
1. The document discusses how historical events are interconnected and can have unintended consequences. For example, Columbus' voyage hoping to establish trade routes led to large migrations from Europe to the Americas.
2. Environmental factors like climate changes and diseases spreading from introduced livestock had devastating impacts on civilizations, with some evidence suggesting a volcanic eruption in the 6th century contributed to the fall of Rome and disease wiping out large native populations in the Americas.
3. The potato became a staple crop in Europe, especially Ireland, helping populations survive famine after being introduced from the Americas.
Theme 1
1. The document discusses how historical events are interconnected and can have unintended consequences. For example, Columbus' voyage that established trade routes between Europe and the Americas unexpectedly led to large migrations that introduced diseases devastating native populations.
2. Volcanic eruptions in the 6th century disrupted climate patterns in Europe, which may have contributed to the fall of the Roman Empire.
3. When European settlers arrived in the Americas, they found many abandoned villages that had likely been depopulated by disease epidemics that killed large numbers of native peoples who lacked immunity. This dramatically altered the settlement of the Americas.
History 140 power point
This document provides a summary of several topics in big history including early navigation techniques, the development of geometry, genetic studies of human migration patterns out of Africa, the origins and spread of coffee drinking, evidence of a catastrophe around the 6th century, comparisons of technological development between New Guineans and Westerners, the impact of European diseases on American populations after contact, and brief overviews of Columbus' voyages and the global trade networks in place by the 15th century.
Age Of Exploration
The document discusses how exploration has changed and stayed the same over time. It notes that while modes of transportation have changed from boats to space shuttles, the destinations have expanded from uncharted earth territories to outer space. A key continuity is that the reason for exploration - curiosity and seeking resources - remains the same. Extensive training is required for all explorers, whether Polynesian voyagers or astronauts.
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Big History
- 2. National Geographic: Spencer Wells
- 3. National Geographic: Explorers – Spencer Wells
- 4. National Geographic: The Geographic Project
- 5. Princeton University Press: Interview with Spencer Wells
- 7. Film: Guns, Germs, and Steel
- 8. Wikipedia site: Funs, Germs, and Steel
- 9. The World in 1492 & Columbus’s World
- 11. The Day the Universe Changed (cont.) In the 1800’s, the human race discovered a new way of being more efficient. This new idea was using steam power to make old inventions work. This made it possible for the Train or Locomotive to eventually be innovated. This worked so efficiently that part of this technique is still used today. Another invention that was a huge leap in history was the Printing Press. These were first started in Europe in the 1400’s and allowed them to share information with speed. Even in today’s world you will see more advanced Printing Presses being used. These include your simple at home printer or even industrial copy machines.
- 12. The Journey Of Man Spencer Wells, a geneticist, guides us through the Journey of Man. He explains where we all come from, how we got where we are, and the history behind our civilizations. Also, he explains the African’s journey that made us all who we are today. He does this by taking blood samples and tracing it back to the Bushmen Tribe in Africa who started the world as we know it today.
- 14. In every blood sample comes DNA.
- 15. DNA is a ladder of 4 linked molecules, A, C, G and T that are strung together in pairs in a long, complex sequence.
- 16. Like blood, DNA also comes with attachments.
- 18. Science Behind It Scientists have been using tree rings to look at climate changes throughout time. The narrower the rings, the worse the weather, the thicker rings mean better conditions. Scientists discovered that during the years of 535 to 542 the rings were abnormally narrow. They then began to look further into this to discover the odd climate… What Caused It? Scientist David Keys believes that the volcano “Krakotoa” was the cause for the dust and therefore, the climate changes. Many scientists got involved and gathered information from Krakatoa such as coal, that they then tested to see when the major eruption could have happened. They discovered that it was very possible for the eruption to happen in the year 535. With the added written evidence they concluded that this was the cause of the climate change.
- 19. Guns, Germs & Steel Some may ask “Why do Europeans have so much power compared to others?” The answer to this question is their location. They created new metals with which they produced new weapons and gained immunities to illnesses.
- 20. Gun, Germs & Steel:Europeans The advantages Europeans had were… The shape of the continents Crops and domesticated animals Sharing of Knowledge Spread of Eurasian technology
- 21. The World & Trade Colombuswas born in a remote place called Genoa in 1451. It was built and became a maritime empire. Genoa attracted trade, not tourists, it was a very business minded environment. For the First half of his life, this place was the center of his life.
- 22. The World & Trade To add flavor, spices were used. Since there wasn’t refrigeration, the spices helped and made foods such as meat, bearable to eat. However, they were imported from the Orient, so therefore they were hard to get. Colombusdid just about anything to get a hold of these spices. Money was another desirable item. Japan had inexhaustible supply of gold during the time of Colombus However, by middle ages, China had become richest, most powerful empire in the world They also created the world’s first paper, the compass, and the most revolutionary gunpowder