BGA stands for Ball Grid Array and was invented in the early 1990s. It is a type of integrated circuit packaging that provides more connection pins than other packages in a smaller area. BGAs are commonly used in electronics like computers and phones. They offer benefits like greater functionality, more pins, reliability, good conductivity and lower cost compared to other packages. The BGA rework process involves removing the BGA from the circuit board, cleaning the board site, reballing the BGA, and reattaching it.