This file encloses a brief understanding of the technique of harvesting water from collecting fog from hilly areas as inspired from Namib desert beetle. you can find methods, materials, process and its resulting conclusion and discussion
1) The document discusses superhydrophobic surfaces and coatings that repel water due to their microscale roughness and low surface energy.
2) These coatings are inspired by the self-cleaning properties of lotus leaves, which stay clean due to the water droplets rolling off and dragging dirt particles.
3) Potential applications of superhydrophobic coatings include water repellent clothing and surfaces, self-cleaning windows, drag reduction on boats, and anti-corrosion and anti-icing coatings.
This document summarizes the synthesis and characterization of superhydrophobic coatings. It describes a simple spraying method used to apply coatings to various substrates like glass, polymer, paper, etc. The coatings were characterized through SEM analysis, contact angle measurements, thickness analysis, adhesion testing and FTIR. SEM images showed the coatings had a rough structure that contributed to their superhydrophobicity. Contact angle measurements found water droplets formed spherical shapes on all coated substrates, indicating they were superhydrophobic. Thickness analysis found the coating to be approximately 0.299mm thick. Adhesion testing required a force of 30.52N to remove the coating. The coatings showed potential for applications like anti-cor
This document contains a science examination for a Bachelor of Education program. It includes 20 multiple choice questions in Section A testing knowledge of environmental chemistry concepts like the water cycle, renewable energy sources, ozone depletion, acid rain, water quality parameters and soil science. Section B requires students to explain ways humans have manipulated soil, the differences between tropospheric and stratospheric ozone, and demonstrate the Chapman cycle. Section C asks students to answer one of three long form questions about acid rain and water properties, global warming and its impacts/solutions, or photochemical smog formation and efforts to reduce it along with impacts of increasing urbanization.
Optimization the Performance of Single Basin Solar Still with Corrugated Wick...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experiment comparing the performance of a conventional single slope solar still to a modified solar still with a corrugated wick surface. The stills were tested over three days, measuring temperatures, distillate yield, and efficiency. The still with the wick surface produced higher water temperatures, a daily yield of 4.20 kg/m2 compared to 3.30 kg/m2 for the conventional still, and a maximum efficiency of 42% versus 33% for the conventional still. The wick surface improved performance by increasing the evaporating surface area and reducing heat losses from the still.
The document summarizes a study on two experimental cover systems built over mine tailings at a gold mine site in Brazil to monitor their performance and compare field data to numerical modeling results. Instrumentation included soil moisture sensors in each layer and a weather station. Over two years of monitoring, the numerical model adequately represented field measurements in topsoil and storage layers, though differences occurred in the first dry season possibly due to immature vegetation. Comparisons of field data to modeling results for lower barrier layers showed larger variations.
This document discusses the role of water in calcium carbonate fillers used in moisture-sensitive adhesives and sealants. It explains that calcium carbonate readily absorbs water from the environment due to the rearrangement of ions on its surface. This absorbed water can cause issues in moisture-curing formulations. The document recommends treating calcium carbonate with fatty acids to hydrophobize its surface and minimize water absorption. It provides details on the mechanism of fatty acid treatment and its effectiveness at improving water resistance of calcium carbonate over a range of humidity levels.
System dynamics simulation of selected composite landfill liners for leachate...Samson Olakunle OJOAWO
Paper presented at the 2nd International Conference on Engineering and Technology Research (FET
Conference 2013), LAUTECH,Ogbomoso, Nigeria, March 26-28, 2013.
IRJET- Experimental Analysis of Durability of Pervious Concrete by using ...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental analysis of the durability of pervious concrete that uses crushed seashells as a partial replacement for fine aggregate. Researchers partially replaced fine aggregate with crushed seashells at levels of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% to evaluate compressive strength, flexural strength, split tensile strength, permeability, and durability over 7 days, 28 days, and 90 days. The maximum strength was observed with a 40% replacement of seashells. The purpose is to examine using waste seashells in concrete as an environmentally friendly aggregate replacement and to evaluate the durability of pervious concrete with and without crushed shells.
1) The document discusses superhydrophobic surfaces and coatings that repel water due to their microscale roughness and low surface energy.
2) These coatings are inspired by the self-cleaning properties of lotus leaves, which stay clean due to the water droplets rolling off and dragging dirt particles.
3) Potential applications of superhydrophobic coatings include water repellent clothing and surfaces, self-cleaning windows, drag reduction on boats, and anti-corrosion and anti-icing coatings.
This document summarizes the synthesis and characterization of superhydrophobic coatings. It describes a simple spraying method used to apply coatings to various substrates like glass, polymer, paper, etc. The coatings were characterized through SEM analysis, contact angle measurements, thickness analysis, adhesion testing and FTIR. SEM images showed the coatings had a rough structure that contributed to their superhydrophobicity. Contact angle measurements found water droplets formed spherical shapes on all coated substrates, indicating they were superhydrophobic. Thickness analysis found the coating to be approximately 0.299mm thick. Adhesion testing required a force of 30.52N to remove the coating. The coatings showed potential for applications like anti-cor
This document contains a science examination for a Bachelor of Education program. It includes 20 multiple choice questions in Section A testing knowledge of environmental chemistry concepts like the water cycle, renewable energy sources, ozone depletion, acid rain, water quality parameters and soil science. Section B requires students to explain ways humans have manipulated soil, the differences between tropospheric and stratospheric ozone, and demonstrate the Chapman cycle. Section C asks students to answer one of three long form questions about acid rain and water properties, global warming and its impacts/solutions, or photochemical smog formation and efforts to reduce it along with impacts of increasing urbanization.
Optimization the Performance of Single Basin Solar Still with Corrugated Wick...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experiment comparing the performance of a conventional single slope solar still to a modified solar still with a corrugated wick surface. The stills were tested over three days, measuring temperatures, distillate yield, and efficiency. The still with the wick surface produced higher water temperatures, a daily yield of 4.20 kg/m2 compared to 3.30 kg/m2 for the conventional still, and a maximum efficiency of 42% versus 33% for the conventional still. The wick surface improved performance by increasing the evaporating surface area and reducing heat losses from the still.
The document summarizes a study on two experimental cover systems built over mine tailings at a gold mine site in Brazil to monitor their performance and compare field data to numerical modeling results. Instrumentation included soil moisture sensors in each layer and a weather station. Over two years of monitoring, the numerical model adequately represented field measurements in topsoil and storage layers, though differences occurred in the first dry season possibly due to immature vegetation. Comparisons of field data to modeling results for lower barrier layers showed larger variations.
This document discusses the role of water in calcium carbonate fillers used in moisture-sensitive adhesives and sealants. It explains that calcium carbonate readily absorbs water from the environment due to the rearrangement of ions on its surface. This absorbed water can cause issues in moisture-curing formulations. The document recommends treating calcium carbonate with fatty acids to hydrophobize its surface and minimize water absorption. It provides details on the mechanism of fatty acid treatment and its effectiveness at improving water resistance of calcium carbonate over a range of humidity levels.
System dynamics simulation of selected composite landfill liners for leachate...Samson Olakunle OJOAWO
Paper presented at the 2nd International Conference on Engineering and Technology Research (FET
Conference 2013), LAUTECH,Ogbomoso, Nigeria, March 26-28, 2013.
IRJET- Experimental Analysis of Durability of Pervious Concrete by using ...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental analysis of the durability of pervious concrete that uses crushed seashells as a partial replacement for fine aggregate. Researchers partially replaced fine aggregate with crushed seashells at levels of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% to evaluate compressive strength, flexural strength, split tensile strength, permeability, and durability over 7 days, 28 days, and 90 days. The maximum strength was observed with a 40% replacement of seashells. The purpose is to examine using waste seashells in concrete as an environmentally friendly aggregate replacement and to evaluate the durability of pervious concrete with and without crushed shells.
The document summarizes research on the effects of aging time of a silicon oxide (SiOx) sol-gel solution on the properties of nano crystalline silicon thin films produced using the sol-gel method. Nano silicon powders were mixed into a sol-gel of tetraethylorthosilicate and ethanol. The silicon dioxide films synthesized from this sol-gel were studied in terms of optical properties like refractive index by varying the aging time and annealing temperatures. The composition of the resulting SiOx films was found to vary from 1.1 to 2.0 as aging time increased. Characterization techniques like Raman spectroscopy, XRD, AFM and SEM were used to study the chemical composition, crystallinity and morphology of the
This document describes a simple method for creating patterned SiO2/TiO2 films through photo and chemical reactions at room temperature. TiO2 films are patterned using UV light and a photosensitive organic-titanium solution. SiO2 particles are precipitated from silicate solution by adjusting the pH, which are then deposited on the TiO2 films due to attraction between TiO2 and SiO2 surfaces. The films are characterized using SEM and EDS, showing uniform deposition of SiO2 crystals on TiO2. The SiO2 films are further modified with amino groups using aminosilane to enable protein immobilization applications.
The document outlines an agenda for a landfill closure project meeting, including presentations on the closure process and use of Re-Crete in the cap construction. It also summarizes regulatory requirements for final cover systems, details of the proposed closure plan such as volume of materials needed, traffic impacts and route, and financial aspects of the project including estimated costs and revenue.
Yutong Liu - Final Report - Photonics DevicesYutong Liu
This document discusses research on functionalizing microtoroid whispering gallery mode resonators with mesoporous silica thin films to enhance their gas sensing sensitivity. Mesoporous silica was deposited on microtoroids using different surfactants like F127 and calcined at temperatures from 90-500°C. Characterization with SEM, TEM, and ellipsometry showed the successful fabrication of thin films with 50% porosity and 7-8nm pore diameters. Preliminary ethanol vapor sensing experiments demonstrated that the mesoporous coating enhanced sensitivity over 2 orders of magnitude compared to bare microtoroids, likely due to the increased surface area and electric field interactions within the pores.
This document contains eight questions related to groundwater development and management. The questions cover topics such as remote sensing applications for groundwater assessment, equations relating freshwater outflow and interface length in confined and unconfined aquifers, seismic refraction methods, water balance equations, calculating drawdown and well yield, sieve analysis to determine aquifer material properties, and partial differential equations governing groundwater flow. Diagrams and detailed calculations are required to solve some of the problems.
The document discusses various coastal stabilization techniques and alternative solutions from an international perspective. It provides examples of different systems used, such as seawalls, breakwaters, groins, beach nourishments, and more recently developed geosystems using bags, tubes and other containers filled with sand or mortar. The conclusion emphasizes that there is no single ideal solution and each coastal problem requires evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of different materials and systems based on the specific conditions and protection needs.
This document presents research on using biochar to partially replace cement and aggregates in concrete. Tests showed that up to 5% cement replacement and 10% aggregate replacement with biochar did not negatively impact the mechanical properties of concrete. Biochar addition was also found to help retain water in concrete and promote continued hydration. The researcher concludes that using biochar in concrete could significantly reduce Sweden's annual carbon dioxide emissions from cement production, helping to address climate change.
This document summarizes a technical presentation on superhydrophobic materials and coatings. It discusses the motivation for studying superhydrophobic surfaces, defines key concepts like contact angle and wetting models. It also reviews recent breakthroughs in developing volumetric superhydrophobic coatings, creating "water marbles" using partially functionalized particles, and forming "resin marbles" through the interaction of superhydrophobic particles with molten resins. Historically, superhydrophobic surfaces faced challenges with cost, stability of nanostructures, durability, and susceptibility to condensation and surfactants/oils reducing their effects.
IRJET- A Review on Solar Cell Crystal SiliconIRJET Journal
This document provides a review of crystal silicon solar cells. It discusses how crystal silicon is produced from quartz and how surface passivation is a key factor in improving efficiency. Surface passivation reduces recombination at the surface. The document examines different techniques for passivating the front and rear surfaces, including thermal SiO2, TiO2, Al2O3, and doped amorphous silicon. Al2O3 deposited by atomic layer deposition provides excellent surface passivation. Thinner wafers require effective rear surface passivation to further increase efficiency.
Superhydrophobic coatings can be created using various methods to produce rough surfaces that cause water to bead up into nearly spherical droplets rather than forming a continuous film. Such coatings have contact angles over 150 degrees, low slide angles under 10 degrees, and self-cleaning and non-sticking properties. They are being researched for applications like anti-fouling, anti-condensation, and anti-corrosion coatings through methods like layer-by-layer assembly, sol-gel processing, etching, and others. However, scaling these superhydrophobic surfaces from the lab to practical applications remains a technological challenge.
Reduce Evaporation Losses from Water ReservoirsIOSR Journals
Evaporation suppression is the reduction of evaporation bycontrolling the rate at which water vapor escapes from water surfaces. The need for water saving is greatest in areas of little rainfall and low runoff. Water losses by evaporation from storage reservoirs must be minimized for greatest utility of limitedsupplies. Using trash of polyethylene with different densities (800, 875 and 900 kg/m3) as floating cover to the water filling cylindrical container with 8 cm diameter led to reduce the evaporation rate. A suitable trash density of 800 kg/m3 gave reduction in evaporation rate of 57% from the theoretical results calculated using equation (4) which is a good result if compared with previous researches
The system dynamics modeling method in application of geo-membranes as landfi...Samson Olakunle OJOAWO
Presentation made at the International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering, (ICETE 2012),
NMAM Institute of Technology, Nitte, Karnataka State, India, 15th and 16th May,
2012.
This document discusses strategies for creating antifogging coatings. It begins by introducing the problem of fogging on surfaces and its negative effects. It then covers fundamental aspects like surface tension and wettability. The rest of the document discusses different strategies for creating antifogging coatings, including superhydrophilic, superhydrophobic, and hygroscopic coatings. It also covers common materials used for polymer and inorganic antifogging coatings and concludes by discussing the advantages and disadvantages of different approaches.
2nd CSP Training series : solar desalination (1/2)Leonardo ENERGY
Second session of the 2nd Concentrated Solar Power Training dedicated to solar desalination technologies.
Solar desalination technologies.
Multi-Effect Distillation with solar energy
Double Effect Absorption Heat Pump use in solar MED desalination
Hybrid solar-gas desalination systems
Thermal storage to 24 h operation
Review on Hydrodynamic Modelling of Desalination Plants Brine Effluent Marine...IJAEMSJORNAL
This document provides a review of hydrodynamic modeling of brine effluent from desalination plants discharged into the marine environment through outfalls. It discusses several past studies that have modeled brine dispersion using software like CORMIX and numerical models. Key findings from the studies include that dilution of brine to 1 ppt or lower within a reasonable distance is needed to limit environmental impacts. Outfall design aspects like inclination angle, discharge velocity, and use of single versus multi-port diffusers can influence initial dilution and dispersion of the brine plume. Tidal currents may cause brine plumes to oscillate and temporarily return to the outfall location, increasing local salinity. More data and unified approaches are still
IRJET- Experiment Investigation on Distillation of Brackish Water by a Parabo...IRJET Journal
This document describes an experiment investigating the distillation of brackish water using a parabolic solar concentrator. The experimental setup included a parabolic concentrator made of fiberglass that concentrated sunlight onto an absorber tube containing saline water. As water evaporated, the steam was condensed to produce distilled water. Testing was conducted over three days, and the average hourly distilled water production was 6.144687 kg/h. The document concludes that this was a preliminary study and improvements could be made to further optimize the system for larger-scale desalination using solar energy.
This document studies the diffusion of water molecules in thin films between silica glass surfaces using molecular dynamics simulations. It finds that as film thickness decreases to 10 angstroms, water diffusion is significantly reduced due to the restricting effect of the glass interfaces. This low diffusion in narrow cracks would hinder dissolution reactions and transport of water and dissolved species. The energy barrier for diffusion was calculated to be higher for water in the 10 angstrom film than in bulk water or thicker films, indicating nanoconfinement impedes dissolution occurring at crack tips in glass.
The document discusses reverse osmosis based desalination, focusing on developments in reverse osmosis membrane technology. It begins with an overview of desalination techniques, highlighting the importance of reverse osmosis. It then describes the reverse osmosis process and membrane types that have been developed, including cellulose acetate, thin film composite, and thin film nanocomposite membranes. The use of nanoparticles is discussed as a way to enhance membrane properties and address challenges like fouling and chlorine resistance. Overall, the document outlines the history and current state of reverse osmosis membrane technology and its role in seawater desalination.
The document summarizes research on the effects of aging time of a silicon oxide (SiOx) sol-gel solution on the properties of nano crystalline silicon thin films produced using the sol-gel method. Nano silicon powders were mixed into a sol-gel of tetraethylorthosilicate and ethanol. The silicon dioxide films synthesized from this sol-gel were studied in terms of optical properties like refractive index by varying the aging time and annealing temperatures. The composition of the resulting SiOx films was found to vary from 1.1 to 2.0 as aging time increased. Characterization techniques like Raman spectroscopy, XRD, AFM and SEM were used to study the chemical composition, crystallinity and morphology of the
This document describes a simple method for creating patterned SiO2/TiO2 films through photo and chemical reactions at room temperature. TiO2 films are patterned using UV light and a photosensitive organic-titanium solution. SiO2 particles are precipitated from silicate solution by adjusting the pH, which are then deposited on the TiO2 films due to attraction between TiO2 and SiO2 surfaces. The films are characterized using SEM and EDS, showing uniform deposition of SiO2 crystals on TiO2. The SiO2 films are further modified with amino groups using aminosilane to enable protein immobilization applications.
The document outlines an agenda for a landfill closure project meeting, including presentations on the closure process and use of Re-Crete in the cap construction. It also summarizes regulatory requirements for final cover systems, details of the proposed closure plan such as volume of materials needed, traffic impacts and route, and financial aspects of the project including estimated costs and revenue.
Yutong Liu - Final Report - Photonics DevicesYutong Liu
This document discusses research on functionalizing microtoroid whispering gallery mode resonators with mesoporous silica thin films to enhance their gas sensing sensitivity. Mesoporous silica was deposited on microtoroids using different surfactants like F127 and calcined at temperatures from 90-500°C. Characterization with SEM, TEM, and ellipsometry showed the successful fabrication of thin films with 50% porosity and 7-8nm pore diameters. Preliminary ethanol vapor sensing experiments demonstrated that the mesoporous coating enhanced sensitivity over 2 orders of magnitude compared to bare microtoroids, likely due to the increased surface area and electric field interactions within the pores.
This document contains eight questions related to groundwater development and management. The questions cover topics such as remote sensing applications for groundwater assessment, equations relating freshwater outflow and interface length in confined and unconfined aquifers, seismic refraction methods, water balance equations, calculating drawdown and well yield, sieve analysis to determine aquifer material properties, and partial differential equations governing groundwater flow. Diagrams and detailed calculations are required to solve some of the problems.
The document discusses various coastal stabilization techniques and alternative solutions from an international perspective. It provides examples of different systems used, such as seawalls, breakwaters, groins, beach nourishments, and more recently developed geosystems using bags, tubes and other containers filled with sand or mortar. The conclusion emphasizes that there is no single ideal solution and each coastal problem requires evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of different materials and systems based on the specific conditions and protection needs.
This document presents research on using biochar to partially replace cement and aggregates in concrete. Tests showed that up to 5% cement replacement and 10% aggregate replacement with biochar did not negatively impact the mechanical properties of concrete. Biochar addition was also found to help retain water in concrete and promote continued hydration. The researcher concludes that using biochar in concrete could significantly reduce Sweden's annual carbon dioxide emissions from cement production, helping to address climate change.
This document summarizes a technical presentation on superhydrophobic materials and coatings. It discusses the motivation for studying superhydrophobic surfaces, defines key concepts like contact angle and wetting models. It also reviews recent breakthroughs in developing volumetric superhydrophobic coatings, creating "water marbles" using partially functionalized particles, and forming "resin marbles" through the interaction of superhydrophobic particles with molten resins. Historically, superhydrophobic surfaces faced challenges with cost, stability of nanostructures, durability, and susceptibility to condensation and surfactants/oils reducing their effects.
IRJET- A Review on Solar Cell Crystal SiliconIRJET Journal
This document provides a review of crystal silicon solar cells. It discusses how crystal silicon is produced from quartz and how surface passivation is a key factor in improving efficiency. Surface passivation reduces recombination at the surface. The document examines different techniques for passivating the front and rear surfaces, including thermal SiO2, TiO2, Al2O3, and doped amorphous silicon. Al2O3 deposited by atomic layer deposition provides excellent surface passivation. Thinner wafers require effective rear surface passivation to further increase efficiency.
Superhydrophobic coatings can be created using various methods to produce rough surfaces that cause water to bead up into nearly spherical droplets rather than forming a continuous film. Such coatings have contact angles over 150 degrees, low slide angles under 10 degrees, and self-cleaning and non-sticking properties. They are being researched for applications like anti-fouling, anti-condensation, and anti-corrosion coatings through methods like layer-by-layer assembly, sol-gel processing, etching, and others. However, scaling these superhydrophobic surfaces from the lab to practical applications remains a technological challenge.
Reduce Evaporation Losses from Water ReservoirsIOSR Journals
Evaporation suppression is the reduction of evaporation bycontrolling the rate at which water vapor escapes from water surfaces. The need for water saving is greatest in areas of little rainfall and low runoff. Water losses by evaporation from storage reservoirs must be minimized for greatest utility of limitedsupplies. Using trash of polyethylene with different densities (800, 875 and 900 kg/m3) as floating cover to the water filling cylindrical container with 8 cm diameter led to reduce the evaporation rate. A suitable trash density of 800 kg/m3 gave reduction in evaporation rate of 57% from the theoretical results calculated using equation (4) which is a good result if compared with previous researches
The system dynamics modeling method in application of geo-membranes as landfi...Samson Olakunle OJOAWO
Presentation made at the International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering, (ICETE 2012),
NMAM Institute of Technology, Nitte, Karnataka State, India, 15th and 16th May,
2012.
This document discusses strategies for creating antifogging coatings. It begins by introducing the problem of fogging on surfaces and its negative effects. It then covers fundamental aspects like surface tension and wettability. The rest of the document discusses different strategies for creating antifogging coatings, including superhydrophilic, superhydrophobic, and hygroscopic coatings. It also covers common materials used for polymer and inorganic antifogging coatings and concludes by discussing the advantages and disadvantages of different approaches.
2nd CSP Training series : solar desalination (1/2)Leonardo ENERGY
Second session of the 2nd Concentrated Solar Power Training dedicated to solar desalination technologies.
Solar desalination technologies.
Multi-Effect Distillation with solar energy
Double Effect Absorption Heat Pump use in solar MED desalination
Hybrid solar-gas desalination systems
Thermal storage to 24 h operation
Review on Hydrodynamic Modelling of Desalination Plants Brine Effluent Marine...IJAEMSJORNAL
This document provides a review of hydrodynamic modeling of brine effluent from desalination plants discharged into the marine environment through outfalls. It discusses several past studies that have modeled brine dispersion using software like CORMIX and numerical models. Key findings from the studies include that dilution of brine to 1 ppt or lower within a reasonable distance is needed to limit environmental impacts. Outfall design aspects like inclination angle, discharge velocity, and use of single versus multi-port diffusers can influence initial dilution and dispersion of the brine plume. Tidal currents may cause brine plumes to oscillate and temporarily return to the outfall location, increasing local salinity. More data and unified approaches are still
IRJET- Experiment Investigation on Distillation of Brackish Water by a Parabo...IRJET Journal
This document describes an experiment investigating the distillation of brackish water using a parabolic solar concentrator. The experimental setup included a parabolic concentrator made of fiberglass that concentrated sunlight onto an absorber tube containing saline water. As water evaporated, the steam was condensed to produce distilled water. Testing was conducted over three days, and the average hourly distilled water production was 6.144687 kg/h. The document concludes that this was a preliminary study and improvements could be made to further optimize the system for larger-scale desalination using solar energy.
This document studies the diffusion of water molecules in thin films between silica glass surfaces using molecular dynamics simulations. It finds that as film thickness decreases to 10 angstroms, water diffusion is significantly reduced due to the restricting effect of the glass interfaces. This low diffusion in narrow cracks would hinder dissolution reactions and transport of water and dissolved species. The energy barrier for diffusion was calculated to be higher for water in the 10 angstrom film than in bulk water or thicker films, indicating nanoconfinement impedes dissolution occurring at crack tips in glass.
The document discusses reverse osmosis based desalination, focusing on developments in reverse osmosis membrane technology. It begins with an overview of desalination techniques, highlighting the importance of reverse osmosis. It then describes the reverse osmosis process and membrane types that have been developed, including cellulose acetate, thin film composite, and thin film nanocomposite membranes. The use of nanoparticles is discussed as a way to enhance membrane properties and address challenges like fouling and chlorine resistance. Overall, the document outlines the history and current state of reverse osmosis membrane technology and its role in seawater desalination.
Similar to Beetle like droplet-jumping superamphiphobic coatings for enhancing fog collection (20)
The technology uses reclaimed CO₂ as the dyeing medium in a closed loop process. When pressurized, CO₂ becomes supercritical (SC-CO₂). In this state CO₂ has a very high solvent power, allowing the dye to dissolve easily.
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptxMAGOTI ERNEST
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths ForwardLeonel Morgado
We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...Advanced-Concepts-Team
Presentation in the Science Coffee of the Advanced Concepts Team of the European Space Agency on the 07.06.2024.
Speaker: Diego Blas (IFAE/ICREA)
Title: Gravitational wave detection with orbital motion of Moon and artificial
Abstract:
In this talk I will describe some recent ideas to find gravitational waves from supermassive black holes or of primordial origin by studying their secular effect on the orbital motion of the Moon or satellites that are laser ranged.
Unlocking the mysteries of reproduction: Exploring fecundity and gonadosomati...AbdullaAlAsif1
The pygmy halfbeak Dermogenys colletei, is known for its viviparous nature, this presents an intriguing case of relatively low fecundity, raising questions about potential compensatory reproductive strategies employed by this species. Our study delves into the examination of fecundity and the Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) in the Pygmy Halfbeak, D. colletei (Meisner, 2001), an intriguing viviparous fish indigenous to Sarawak, Borneo. We hypothesize that the Pygmy halfbeak, D. colletei, may exhibit unique reproductive adaptations to offset its low fecundity, thus enhancing its survival and fitness. To address this, we conducted a comprehensive study utilizing 28 mature female specimens of D. colletei, carefully measuring fecundity and GSI to shed light on the reproductive adaptations of this species. Our findings reveal that D. colletei indeed exhibits low fecundity, with a mean of 16.76 ± 2.01, and a mean GSI of 12.83 ± 1.27, providing crucial insights into the reproductive mechanisms at play in this species. These results underscore the existence of unique reproductive strategies in D. colletei, enabling its adaptation and persistence in Borneo's diverse aquatic ecosystems, and call for further ecological research to elucidate these mechanisms. This study lends to a better understanding of viviparous fish in Borneo and contributes to the broader field of aquatic ecology, enhancing our knowledge of species adaptations to unique ecological challenges.
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...Leonel Morgado
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
Beetle like droplet-jumping superamphiphobic coatings for enhancing fog collection
1. BEETLE-LIKE DROPLET-JUMPING SUPERAMPHIPHOBIC
COATINGS FOR ENHANCING FOG COLLECTION OF SHEET
ARRAYS
XIKUI WANG, JIA ZENG, XINQUAN YU, CAIHUA
LIANG AND YOUFA ZHANG
PRESENTED BY:
JYOTI (191503)
M.SC. BIOTECHNOLOGY 3RD SEM
2. Without food, human beings can live for 14
days or more.
Human body can only survive a few
days without water.
Having access to safe and sufficient water and sanitation are now recognized
as a basic human right.
DID YOU KNOW?
3. One billion people worldwide live without clean, safe drinking water, Two billion live
without basic sanitation
4. INTRODUCTION
An effective way to overcome water scarcity in arid and semi-arid areas is water
harvesting from fog collection.
Inspired by the bumpy surface of the desert beetle.
A beetle-like superamphiphobic coating (BSC), which with high nucleation rate and
rapid droplet removal performance.
Low cost and easy preparation is developed.
This study offer insight for the design of fog collectors, which is important for
developing materials that can be extended to application in water collection,
desalination, heat transfer and other fields.
5. METHODS AND MATERIALS
• Aluminium sheets (99.95%, ∼5 cm × ∼5 cm × ∼0.3 mm)
• 1H,1H,2H,2H-Perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane (FAS)
• Chained nano-SiO2 sol,
• Deionized water and anhydrous ethanol,
• Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS)
• Ammonium hydroxide
• SiC particles (diameter: 7 μm–12 μm)
7. 80 mL of ethanol + 4
mL of ammonia
hydroxide + 1.2 mL of
chained nano-SiO2 sol
+ 0.6 mL of TEOS +
0.5 mL of FAS.
0.132 g of SiC particles
were added to a beaker
of 45 mL of the nano-
SiO2 superamphiphobic
paints.
Mixture is Pressure-
sprayed onto an
aluminum sheet or
glass substrate. After
then, a BSC was formed
after drying at 80 °C.
8. SURFACE
PERFORMANCE OF
COATINGS
A) SEM image of the Nano.
(b) Reveals that some SiC particles
are exposed outside the nano-
SiO2 superamphiphobic coating
(c) shows that although some SiC
particle are embedded into the
nano-SiO2 particles, and partial
regions are exposed
(d) Side view of the beetle-like
superamphiphobic coating.
9. WETTABILITY
Water/oil contact angles for the
Nano and the BSC are both more
than 150°, while the water/oil roll
angles are less than 5°
Contact angles of the SiC particles
are ∼107.6° and ∼29.3° there is very
little fluorine (F) on the SiC particles,
but a lot of fluorine on the silica
particles.
BSC is a hybrid wetting coating with
wettability difference between the
SiC particles and nano-
SiO2 particles.
https://pubs.rsc.org/image/article/2020/ra/c9ra09329j/
c9ra09329j-f3.gif
10. CONDENSATION
DYNAMICS
These figures shows that surface
coverage for the BSC is higher than
that of the Nano due to its higher
nucleation at the early stage.
After 25 min, surface coverage for
the BSC is close to that of the Nano
the reason is during the condensation
process, droplets coalescence and
self-repelled jumping are captured
which is beneficial to drops departure
and reduce the surface coverage.
Untreated surface increases gradually
as time goes on, and then, it
approaches 100% after 30 min, which
reveals that hydrophilic surface is not
conducive to the removal of water
droplets.
https://pubs.rsc.org/image/article/2020/ra/c9ra09329j/c9ra09329j-
f4.gif
11. FOG COLLECTION
PERFORMANCE
Formula for fog collection RC =W/TS
where Rc = the water collection rate (g
m−2 h−1)
W = weight of the collected water (g)
T = fog/water collecting time (h)
S = the area fog/water collecting
surface (m2)
Rd = Wc /Wc + Wr x 100%
Rd = drop removal efficiency
Wc = weight of the collected water (g)
Wr = weight of the retained water (g)
https://pubs.rsc.org/image/article/2020/ra/c9ra09329j/c9
ra09329j-f5.gif
12. DROP REMOVAL
EFFICIENCY
• (a) Schematic diagram of water
collecting device.
• (b) The weight of collected water as a
function of time, and the space
between the two collision surfaces are
various from ∼1 mm to ∼12 mm.
• (c) Time-lapse images for droplets
jump and collide with each other to
removal between two collision
surfaces (S ≈ 2 mm).
https://pubs.rsc.org/image/article/2020/ra/c9ra0932
9j/c9ra09329j-f6.gif
14. CONCLUSION
• A simple, low-cost and effective method for fabricating a beetle-like superamphiphobic
coating with efficient fog collection
1. high nucleation rate
2. efficient water droplet removal efficiency
3. commendable water collection efficiency
• A novel method to promote the drop removal by the collision of jumping droplets
between two array sheets, and when the spacing between the two parallel samples was
about 2 mm, the water collection rate of the collision surface was increased by ∼216%
compared to that of the non-collision surface.
• Wide application prospects in fog/water collection, desalination, heat transfer, anti-
fogging and other fields.
15. REFERENCES
• Beetle-like droplet-jumping superamphiphobic coatings for enhancing fog
collection of sheet arrays
Xikui Wang, Jia Zeng, Xinquan Yu, Caihua Liang and Youfa Zhang
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials, School of Materials Science
and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China.
• https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2020/ra/c9ra09329j