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![SPECIAL FORMATTING RULES
GROUP AUTHORS WITH ABBREVIATIONS
• If you are citing an organization with a well-known abbreviation (like the
CDC), you must define it in the first citation
Example:
Parenthetical (1st): (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2020)
Narrative (1st): The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2020)
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Basic Skills To Start a Research Presentation.pptx
- 1. Why and Howto Do It CITING SOURCES
- 2. • Importance ofcitation • Source Identification • Practice Activity • APA Formatting Basics • Formatting Practice • Feedback and Correction • In-text Citation (APA Style) • Citation Challenge Lesson Outline
- 3. Think About... Why isit essential to document the origins of the information and ideas used in one's work?
- 4. Citing sources isnot just a formality, it’s a crucial element of academic integrity. When you cite a source, you are acknowledging that the idea or information you’re discussing originated from someone else’s work. Why Citation Matters
- 5. The most obvious reason isto avoid plagiarism. It transforms an opinion into a well- researched position. This transparency is vital for anyone who wants to learn more or verify your claims. Upholds Intellectua l Integrity Builds Your Credibility Provides a "Map" for Readers Why Citation Matters Properly attributing information serves several critical functions: Citing is a professional courtesy that acknowledge s the hard work of the original authors. Gives Credit Where It’s Due It highlights which ideas you are agreeing with, challenging, or expanding upon. Places Your Work in Context
- 6. SOURCE IDENTIFICATION Your sources arethe materials in which you found the information the you used. It does not matter what type of source it is. It can be in print or online. It can be in image or conversation it can be copyrighted or not.
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- 8. SOURCE EXAMPLE WEBSITE CHARTSOR GRAPHS VIDEOS MUSIC
- 9. RELIABLE VS UNRELIABLESOURCES UNRELIABLE Sources that can be altered by anyone. • sources, such as Wikipedia, are not reliable because the authors may not have thorough knowledge or full understanding of a topic. RELIABLE Trustworthy Sources • Written by experts in that particular field
- 10. Example of ReliableSources Book Newspaper Magazinez Research Public Library Scholarly Articles Peer reviewed Journal Peer reviewed Articles
- 11. Timeliness of theinformation. CURRENCY QUALIFYING QUESTIONS YOU CAN ASK • When was the information posted or published? • Is the information current or out of date in regards to your needs? • Are the links functional?
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- 13. The importance ofthe information for your needs. RELEVANCE QUALIFYING QUESTIONS YOU CAN ASK • Who is the intended audience? • Does the information relate to your topic? • Is the information at an appropriate level? • Does the information back up your intended research?
- 14. Authors credibility tobe writing about the topic. How qualified are they to be saying what they’re saying? AUTHORITY QUALIFYING QUESTIONS YOU CAN ASK • Who is the author? • Are the author’s credential or organization affiliation given? • What are the author’s credential or organization affiliation given? • What are the author’s qualification to write on this topic?
- 15. The correctness, reliabilityand truthfulness of the information. ACCURACY QUALIFYING QUESTIONS YOU CAN ASK • Where does the information come from? • Is the information supported by evidence? • Has the information been reviewed? • Can you verify the information in another source? • Are there any grammar or spelling errors?
- 16. The reason thisinformation exists. PURPOSE QUALIFYING QUESTIONS YOU CAN ASK • What is the purpose of the information? • Does the author make their intentions or purpose clear? • Is the information fact? Opinion? Propaganda? • Are there any biases?
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- 19. American Psychological Association (APA) is a standardizedmethod for acknowledging sources used in academic writing. Now in its 7th edition (released in 2019), it is widely used in the social sciences, education, and business to ensure clarity, consistency, and the avoidance of plagiarism.
- 20. In-Text Citations • Brief references withinthe body of your paper. Reference List • A comprehensive list at the end of the paper providing full bibliographic details. APA style relies on an author-date system. This means that every piece of information borrowed from another source must be credited in two places: CORE PRINCIPLES OF APA STYLE
- 21. In-Text Citations In-text citationscan be formatted in two ways depending on the flow of your sentence: PARENTHETICAL NARRATIVE The author and date appear in parentheses at the end of the sentence. The study found significant growth (Smith, 2024). The author's name is part of the sentence, followed by the year in parentheses. Smith (2024) argued that growth was significant.
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- 23. RULES TWO AUTHORS • Includeboth authors surnames followed by the year of publication. Example: The simple and more effective approach to treat obesity is cutting food intake (Smith & Jones, 2003). Smith and Jones (2003) argue that the simple and more effective approach to treat obesity is cutting food intake.
- 24. RULES THREE OR MOREAUTHORS • Include the surname of the first author, followed by et al. (and others) Example: The simple and more effective approach to treat obesity is cutting food intake (Smith et al., 2003). Smith et al. (2003) argue that the simple and more effective approach to treat obesity is cutting food intake.
- 25. RULES MULTIPLE SOURCES ATTHE SAME POINT • Separate them with semicolon. Example: Obesity is a global pandemic with over one-third of the world’s population being classified as overweight and unhealthy (Brown, 2018; Walker, 2013; Jones, 1998). According to Brown (2018), Walker (2013), and Jones (1998), obesity is a global pandemic where more than one-third of the global population is classified as overweight and unhealthy.
- 26. RULES MULTIPLE SOURCES ATTHE SAME AUTHOR AND YEAR • Differentiate them by adding letters after the year. Example: The research proves that students use generative AI in more that 90% of their assignments (Jones, 2014a; Jones, 2014b; Jones, 2014c). According to Jones (2014a, 2014b, 2014c), research proves that students use generative AI in more than 90% of their assignments.
- 27. SPECIAL FORMATTING RULES DIRECTQUOTE FROM A PAPER • When using a direct quote, both formats require a page number (p.) or paragraph number (para.), but the placement changes. Example: "The data was inconclusive" (Jones, 2021, p. 45). Jones (2021) stated, "the data was inconclusive" (p. 45).
- 28. SPECIAL FORMATTING RULES GROUPAUTHORS WITH ABBREVIATIONS • If you are citing an organization with a well-known abbreviation (like the CDC), you must define it in the first citation Example: Parenthetical (1st): (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2020) Narrative (1st): The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2020) reported...
- 29. SPECIAL FORMATTING RULES THE"SAME PARAGRAPH" RULE • In a narrative citation, if you mention the same author again in the same paragraph and it cannot be confused with other studies, you can omit the year: Example: Smith (2023) conducted a trial on the new drug. Smith also observed that side effects were minimal. (Note: Parenthetical citations always require the year, even in the same paragraph.)
- 30. REFERENCE LIST You mustinclude a bibliography or a reference list at the end of your paper.
- 31. Reference Format Author, A.A. (date). Title. Publisher Information. DOI/URL (if applicable) Example: Article O'Connor, C. & Zaidi, H. (2021). Communicating with purpose: Image work, social media, and policing. Police Journal, 94(3), 333- 352. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032258X20932957
- 32. Tips for ReferenceLists References •Begin the reference list on a new page with References centered and bold at the top of the page.
- 33. Tips for ReferenceLists What words to capitalize: •Article, chapter or book title: only capitalize (1) the first word in the title; (2) proper nouns; (3) the first word following a colon (example: Capitalize the first word: This is called sentence case). •Journal title: capitalize every major word in a journal title.
- 34. Tips for ReferenceLists Italicizing titles Italicize journal titles, volume numbers and even the comma following the journal title. Do not italicize chapter titles, article title or issue numbers (i.e., the number in parentheses after the volume number).
- 35. Tips for ReferenceLists Hanging indent Use hanging indents for reference list entries. A hanging indent is when the first line in an entry starts on the left margin and all subsequent lines are indented 0.5 inch (in Word, CTRL-T for hanging indent).
- 36. Info: A reportby the American Psychological Association published in 2024. Practice: Try It Yourself •Parenthetical: ____________________ •Narrative: ____________________
- 37. Info: A studyby researchers Roberts, Miller, Sanchez, and Tanaka published in 2020. Practice: Try It Yourself •Parenthetical: ____________________ •Narrative: ____________________
- 38. Info: A bookby authors William Strunk and E.B. White published in 1999. Practice: Try It Yourself •Parenthetical: ____________________ •Narrative: ____________________
- 39. Practice: Try ItYourself
- 40. Practice: Try ItYourself
- 41. Practice: Try ItYourself
- 42. Use an introductoryphrase and/or citations to complete each sentence. Author: Randy Sonoma Publication date: 2011 Page number: 138 __________________________________________ “the incidence of high suicide rates is partly due to a lack of sufficient intervention programs” __________.
- 43. Use an introductoryphrase and/or citations to complete each sentence. Publication date: n/a Author: Bryan Curtis Curtis __________________________________________ “to lose one pound, an individual must burn an extra 3500 calories.”
- 44. Use an introductoryphrase and/or citations to complete each sentence. Authors: Sarah Belkins, Ruth DeFone, Samual Cruz Publication date: 2004 Page number: 237 Volume number: 5 Belkins, DeFone __________________________________________ that from the age of 12 teenagers are increasingly influenced by their friends.
- 45. Use an introductoryphrase and/or citations to complete each sentence. Author: Kylie Harris Date: July 3, 2011 Weight loss becomes harder as one ages, particularly when one reaches their late 30s, a time when 15 percent of people note an unexplained weight gain __________________________________________.
- 46. Use an introductoryphrase and/or citations to complete each sentence. Author: Jack S. Spader, Lisa L. Cantrell Publication date: 2003 Page: 15 “Slightly increasing the incline on a treadmill can reduce the impact on the knee joints for those who suffer from arthritis”__________________________________________.
- 47. Practice: Try ItYourself A. Jenkins, Henry. Fans, bloggers, and gamers: exploring participatory cultures. New York: New York University Press, 2006. B. Jenkins, H. Fans, bloggers, and gamers: exploring participatory cultures. New York University Press, New York. 2006. C. Jenkins, H. (2006). Fans, bloggers, and gamers: exploring participatory culture. New York: New York University Press. D. Jenkins, Henry. (2006). Fans, Bloggers, and Gamers: Exploring Participatory Culture. New York UP: New York.
- 48. Create an APAList of References entry for this website article. Authors: Danielle Houser & Cathy Osborne Title: Developmentally Appropriate Practices: Right for All Kids Source: Early Childhood Educators’ and Family Web Corner http://www.nauticom.net/www/cokids/dapei.html
Editor's Notes
- #5 plagiarism is a serious academic offense. Why Citation Matters? Upholds Intellectual Integrity: Using someone else’s work without credit is considered intellectual theft. Citing ensures you are operating with honesty. Builds Your Credibility: When you cite reputable sources, you show your audience that your arguments are backed by evidence and that you’ve done your "homework." Provides a "Map" for Readers: Citations allow your readers to track down the original data or arguments for themselves. Gives Credit Where It’s Due: Research and writing take immense effort. Places Your Work in Context: By citing others, you show how your ideas fit into the broader "conversation" of your field.
- #8 All of these sources were created by someone. Each work belongs to the person who created it. The work is that person's intellectual property.
- #10 Examples of Unreliable Sources 1. Wikipedia: although this is a good starting point for finding initial ideas about a topic, some of their information and attached resources may not be reliable 2. Blogs, tweets 3. Personal websites 4. Forums 5. Sites created by organizations that may have political or biased agendas 6. Sites that provide biased information 7. Self-published sources 8. Opinionated articles such as editorials 9/ Online sources with an URL that ends in html, which is the basic building blocks of web pages
- #11 You wanna check when the source was last publish. A good source was publish within the last 10 years. because when you research an older experiment there is a good chance that those results may have been disproved by more recent studies.
- #13 a source that's providing you with information that is compatible applicable and related to your topic. Example you found a source about your topic but the only difference is it is for adult.
- #15 Be aware specially on this kind of phrases "the recent study shows" but there is no recent study to show what they are saying. "many people believe" who are these people? So if you see something vague try to cut it down
- #16 be careful about being bias. example you are reading an article does it come to a medical company whose tryna promote their product or is it written from a qualified organization like WHO (World Health Organization) wherein their purpose it solely to give fact to the public. Its important to know about bias fact vs bias opinion.
- #21 parenthetical - we are citing the source at the end of the sentence. You should include the author's surname and the year of publication in brackets. narrative - integrate the citation naturally into the sentence. In this format the author's surname appears outside the brackets while the year stays inside.
- #26 If you are dealing with multiple papers published by the same author in the same year, you can differentiate them by adding letters after the year. Three publication from the author on the same year.
- #27 This is an altered text from a paper so we have enclosed the text in quotes. And while citing you have to include the page number.
- #30 The reference list is an alphabetical list of every source you used. It comes at the end of your paper and each reference entry should have corresponding in-text citation(s). Do not include sources you looked at but did not include in your assignment.
- #31 Formatting differs depending on the type of source. -Journal -Book -Website -Conference So it is highly recommended to use a bibliography software to format your references. The main differences are the parts of the citation that are in italics.
- #33 EXAMPLE: 1. Article, Chapter, or Book Title (Use sentence case.) Type Example Book TitleThe inner workings of the human brain: A guide to neuroscience. Article TitleSocial media habits in France: A longitudinal study of Paris residents. Chapter TitleEmotional intelligence in the classroom. 2. Journal Title (Use title case) Type Example Journal TitleJournal of Applied Psychology Journal TitleThe New England Journal of Medicine Journal TitleStudies in Higher Education
- #35 A lot more TIPS No date: Use (n.d.) if your source does not have a date. Alphabetical by author’s last name: Page numbers URLs in reference lists
- #36 . Parenthetical Citation First Citation: (American Psychological Association [APA], 2024) Subsequent Citations: (APA, 2024) Narrative Citation First Citation: American Psychological Association (APA, 2024) Subsequent Citations: APA (2024)
- #37 Parenthetical (Roberts et al., 2020) Narrative Usage: "A study by Roberts et al. (2020) found that..."
- #38 Format Style Example Parenthetical Both authors and year .(Strunk & White, 1999) inside parentheses Narrative Authors part of the Strunk and White (1999) sentence; year in parentheses.
- #39 In-Text (Health Canada, 2019)
- #40 (BC Cancer, n.d.) There is no date listed for the above example - date is replaced with n.d. (no date).
- #41 In-Text (United Nations General Assembly [UNGA], 1985)
- #42 According to Sonoma (2011), “the incidence of high suicide rates is partly due to a lack of sufficient intervention programs” (p. 138). Sonoma (2011) argues that “the incidence of high suicide rates is partly due to a lack of sufficient intervention programs” (p. 138). Sonoma, (2011) warns that “the incidence of high suicide rates is partly due to a lack of sufficient intervention programs” (p. 138).
- #43 Curtis (n.d.) tells us that “to lose one pound, an individual must burn an extra 3500 calories.” Curtis (n.d.) explains that “to lose one pound, an individual must burn an extra 3500 calories.” Curtis (n.d.) discovered that the difficulty losing weight lies in the fact that “to lose one pound, an individual must burn an extra 3500 calories.”
- #44 Belkins, DeFone and Cruz (2004) have demonstrated that from the age of 12 teenagers are increasingly influenced by their friends. Belkins, DeFone and Cruz (2004) found that from the age of 12 teenagers are increasingly influenced by their friends.
- #45 Weight loss becomes harder as one ages, particularly when one reaches their late 30s, a time when 15 percent of people note an unexplained weight gain (Harris, 2011).
- #46 “Slightly increasing the incline on a treadmill can reduce the impact on the knee joints for those who suffer from arthritis”(Spader & Cantrell, 2003, p. 15).
- #48 Houser, D., & Osborne, C. (n.d.). Developmentally Appropriate Practices: Right for All Kids. Early Childhood Educator’s and Family Web Corner. Retrieved from http://www.nauticom.net/www/cokids/dapei.html