The document outlines the objectives of a basic life support class, emphasizing the importance of immediate CPR and the chain of survival in cases of cardiac arrest. It explains procedures for assessing victims, performing chest compressions, rescue breathing, and using automated external defibrillators (AEDs). Key points include the need for bystanders to start CPR quickly, the critical elements of high-quality CPR, and recognition of choking emergencies.

1. BASIC LIFE SUPPORT

2. OBJECTIVES
• At the end of this class you must know
– How to assess the collapsed victim.
– How to perform chest compression and rescue breathing.
– How to operate an automated external defibrillator safely.
– How to place an unconscious breathing victim in the
recovery position.
– How to do Hiemlich maneuver

3. What is CPR?
• Sequences of procedures performed to
restore the circulation of oxygenated blood
after a sudden pulmonary and/or cardiac
arrest

4. Who can be a rescuer?
• Anyone!!!!
• Chest compressions and
pulmonary ventilation
performed by anyone
who knows how to do
it, anywhere,
immediately, without
any other equipment

5. Start CPR Immediately
• Better chance of survival
• Brain damage starts in 4-6 minutes
• Brain damage is certain after 10 minutes without CPR
• Bystander CPR vital intervention before arrival of
emergency services – double or triple survival from
SCA (sudden cardiac arrest)
• Early resuscitation and prompt defibrillation (within
1-2 minutes) can result in >60% survival

6. Chain of survival
• Core set of actions that provide a universal
strategy for achieving successful resuscitation
• Survival rates approach 50% when
implemented

8. Scene safety

9. Check response
Tap shoulder and
shout “Are you
ok?”
• Unresponsive
• No breathing
• No normal
breathing

10. Do not confuse gasping with NORMAL breathing
• Occurs shortly after the heart stops
in up to 40% of cardiac arrests
• Described as barely, heavy, noisy or agonal
breathing
• Recognise as a sign of cardiac arrest

11. Shout for help
• Activate emergency
response system

12. Start CPR

13. Why the change?
• Majority of SCA- VF or pulseless VT
– Critical elements- compression and defib
• In ABC sequence- compressions delayed
• More willingness among rescuers
• Healthcare providers can tailor sequence

14. Compression is more important
• Initially- oxygen levels in blood adequate
• Many cardiac arrest victims exhibit gasping
• If airway is open, passive chest recoil allows
gas exchange

15. Pulse check
• Lay rescuers- NO pulse
check
• Healthcare providers-
take no more than 10
seconds

16. Chest compressions
• Place victim on firm
surface
• Kneel/ stand beside
• Place the heel of one
hand in the centre of
the chest
• Place other hand on top
• Interlock fingers
• Elbows extended

17. How compression works
• Effective CPR provides 1/4 to 1/3
normal blood flow

18. High quality CPR
• Rate- At least 100/ min
• Depth- 2 inches
• complete chest recoil
• Minimise interruptions
• Avoid excessive
ventilation

19. Rescuer fatigue
• Leads to inadequate
rates or depth
• When 2 or more
rescuers present- swith
compressors every 2
mins

20. Managing airway
• Head- tilt
• Chin lift
• Jaw thrust

21. Managing airway
Campbell

22. Managing airway
• C- spine injury suspected- ONLY JAW THRUST

23. RESCUE BREATHING
• Give 2 rescue breaths
• Pinch the nose
• Take a normal breath
• Place lips over mouth
• Blow until the chest
rises
• Take about 1 second
• Allow chest to fall
• Repeat

24. Methods
• Mouth- mouth
• Mouth- barrier device
• Mouth- nose
• Bag and mask
• Supraglottic airway
• Advanced airway

25. Compression ventilation ratio
30 2

26. Pulse check- Every 2 mins/ After 5 cycles
Definite pulse
• 1 breath every 5 secs
• Recheck pulse every 2 mins
No pulse
• Continue CPR

27. AED arrives
• Some AEDs will
automatically switch
themselves on when
the lid is opened

28. Attach pads

29. Analyse rhythm

30. When shock indicated
• Stand clear
• Deliver shock

31. Resume CPR
• DO NOT CHECK PULSE
IMMEDIATELY
• Resume CPR

32. When to stop CPR?
• Victim revives
• Trained help arrives
• Too exhausted to continue
• Criteria indicating irreversible death

33. Recovery position
• When unresponsive victims have normal
breathing & effective circulation

35. FBAO- Recognizing Choking
• Can’t speak, breathe or cough
• Universal distress signal (clutches neck)
• Turning blue
If victim is coughing strongly, do not intervene

36. Conscious Choking
• Give abdominal thrusts
(Heimlich maneuver)
– Place fist just above the
umbilicus (normal size)
– Give upward and inward
thrusts
– Pregnant or obese- chest
thrusts
– Continue until successful
or victim collapses

38. REMEMBER
• Everyone is a rescuer
• Every second matters
• Chain of survival
• High quality CPR
• Learn how to operate an AED

39. Thank you