The document explains the concepts of classes and objects in object-oriented programming, detailing class definitions, attributes, access modifiers, and constructors. It distinguishes between default and parameterized constructors, and introduces destructors for resource management. Additionally, it emphasizes inheritance as a key feature for code reuse and easier application maintenance.

1. CLASS AND OBJECTS

2.  CLASS:
A class is a user-defined data type which
has data members and member function.
A class is a collection of objects that are
similar data type.
A class definition starts with the keyword
Class followed by the class name and the
class body, ended by the End Class statement.

3.  A class is a construct that defines a collection of
properties and methods in a single unit.
Does not change during the execution of a
program.
CAR - class
object object
Toyota
Properties
methods
Properties
methods
Properties
methods

4.  Syntax:
[ <attributelist> ] [ accessmodifier ]
[ Shadows ] [ MustInherit | NotInheritable ]
[ Partial ]
Class name [ ( Of typelist ) ]
[ Inherits classname ]
[ Implements interfacenames ]
[ statements ]
End Class

5.  Where,
 attributelist is a list of attributes that apply to the class. Optional.
 accessmodifier defines the access levels of the class, it has values as -
Public, Protected, Friend, Protected Friend and Private. Optional.
 Shadows indicate that the variable re-declares and hides an identically
named element, or set of overloaded elements, in a base class. Optional.
 MustInherit specifies that the class can be used only as a base class and
that you cannot create an object directly from it, i.e., an abstract class.
Optional.
 NotInheritable specifies that the class cannot be used as a base class.
 Partial indicates a partial definition of the class.
 Inherits specifies the base class it is inheriting from.
 Implements specifies the interfaces the class is inheriting from.

6. Ex:
public class dataclass()
…….
……
End class
Creates a new class named “dataclass” can
create an object of this class data the keyword
“New” to create a new instance of a class.
Dim data As New dataclass()
or
Dim data As Dataclass=New dataclass()

7.  OBJECTS:
Objects are instances of a class.
An object is a combination of code and data
that can be treated as a unit.
Use objects provided by vb such as controls
forms, and data access objects.
Each object in visual basic is defined by a
class.
A class describes the variables, properties,
procedures and events of an object.

8. CONSTRUCTORS AND DESTRUCTORS
 A class constructor is a special member Sub of a
class that is executed whenever we create new
objects of that class.
 A constructor has the name New and it does not
have any return type.
 It is automatically called when an object is
created.

9. CONSTRUCTOR :
 One of the most important concepts in object-
oriented programming is that of inheritance.
Inheritance allows us to define a class in terms of
another class, which makes it easier to create
and maintain an application. This also provides
an opportunity to reuse the code functionality a

10. SYNTAX:
 Public Class User
 Public Sub New()
 End Sub
 End Class

11.  Default Constructor
 if we create a constructor without having any
parameters, we will call it as default
constructor and the instance of the class will be
initialized without any parameter values.

12.  Module Module1
Class User
Public name, location As String
' Default Constructor
Public Sub New()
name = "Suresh Dasari"
location = "Hyderabad"
End Sub
End Class
Sub Main()
Dim user As User = New User()
Console.WriteLine(user.name)
Console.WriteLine(user.location)
Console.WriteLine("Press Enter Key to Exit..")
Console.ReadLine()
End Sub
End Module

13.  Parameterized Constructor
 if we create a constructor with at least one
parameter, we will call it a parameterized
constructor and every time the instance of the
class must be initialized with parameter values

14.  Module Module1
Class User
Public name, location As String
' Parameterized Constructor
Public Sub New(ByVal a As String, ByVal b As String)
name = a
location = b
End Sub
End Class
Sub Main()
Dim user As User = New User("Suresh Dasari", "Hyderabad")
Console.WriteLine(user.name)
Console.WriteLine(user.location)
Console.WriteLine("Press Enter Key to Exit..")
Console.ReadLine()
End Sub
End Module

15. DESTRUCTORS:
 A destructor is a special member Sub of a class
that is executed whenever an object of its class
goes out of scope.
 A destructor has the name Finalize and it can
neither return a value nor can it take any
parameters. Destructor can be very useful for
releasing resources before coming out of the
program like closing files, releasing memories,
etc.

16. Inheritance
 One of the most important concepts in object-
oriented programming is that of inheritance.
Inheritance allows us to define a class in terms of
another class, which makes it easier to create
and maintain an application. This also provides
an opportunity to reuse the code functionality
and fast implementation time.