6
Virtualization - Hypervisor
•Hypervisor型 (ESX/ESXi)
VMware ESXi
Microsoft Hyper-V
Citrix XenServer
Nutanix AHV
底層硬體
(Server)
Virtual Hardware
Windows Server 2008
+ MS SQL Server
Red Hat Linux
+ Apache + PHP
18
• CPU
▪ 64-bitx86 CPU ONLY (released after Sep 2006)
▪ At least 2 CPU Cores
▪ Enable NX/XD bit for the CPU in the BIOS
▪ To support 64-bit virtual machines, support for
hardware virtualization (Intel VT-x/AMD RVI)
must be enabled on x64 CPUs.
• Memory
▪ minimum 4GB physical RAM (8GB
recommended)
VMware ESXi 6硬體安裝需求
19.
19
• Network
▪ Oneor more Gigabit or faster Ethernet
controllers
▪ 為了安全及效能考量,建議將uplink的physical
adapter分開
• management network
• virtual machine network
• Disk storage
▪ A SCSI disk, Fibre Channel LUN, iSCSI disk,
RAID LUN: SATA/SCSI/SAS, USB media
VMware ESXi 6硬體安裝需求(續)
20.
20
• Booting
▪ Supportsbooting ESXi hosts from the Unified
Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI).
▪ With UEFI, you can boot systems from hard
drives, CD-ROM drives, or USB media.
▪ ESXi can boot from a disk larger than 2TB.
VMware ESXi 6硬體安裝需求(續)
36
vCenter Server Architecture
ESXiHostESXi Host ESXi HostESXi HostESXi HostESXi Host
vSphere Web
Client
vCenter
Server and
Additional
Modules
Database
Active Directory Domain
Platform
Services
Controller with
vCenter Single
Sign-On
Web Client僅能連接vCenter Server
要直接連ESXi請用Host Client(或舊版vSphere Client)
37.
37
vCenter Server Servicesand Interfaces
Database
Server
Distributed Services
Platform Services
Controller
vSphere
API
User
Access
Control
ESXi Management
Core Services
Additional Services:
• vSphere Update Manager
• vRealize Orchestrator
vSphere Web Client
Third-Party
Applications
Plug-In
PSC
vCenter
Server
Database
38.
38
• vCenter Server
▪vCenter Management Server
▪ Platform Services Controller(PSC)
vCenter Server 6組成元件
39.
39
• vCenter Server
▪vCenter Management Server
• vCenter Server
• VMware vSphere® Web Client (server)
• VMware Inventory Service
• VMware vSphere® Auto Deploy™
• VMware vSphere® ESXi™ Dump Collector
• VMware vSphere® Syslog Collector
vCenter Server 6組成元件(續)
40.
40
• vCenter Server
▪Platform Services Controller(PSC)
• VMware vCenter™ Single Sign-On™
• VMware License Server
• Lookup Service
• Certificate Authority
• Certificate Store
• VMware Directory Services
vCenter Server 6組成元件(續)
66
▪ Port Group
•Virtual machines network
▪ VMkernel port
• For the ESXi management network
• For IP storage(iSCSI/NFS), vSphere HA, vMotion,
Fault Tolerance, Virtual SAN, and Replication
Types of Virtual Switch Connections
Virtual Switch
Production TestDev DMZ vSphere
vMotion
Management
Uplink Ports
Virtual Machine Port Groups VMkernel Ports
68
• Standard switches
▪Virtual switch configuration for a single host
• Distributed switches
▪ Virtual switches that provide a consistent
network configuration for virtual machines as
they migrate across multiple hosts
Types of Virtual Switches
69.
69
Standard Switch Components
VM
1
VM
2
VM
3
PortGroup
VMkernel
Test VLAN 101
Production VLAN 102
IP Storage VLAN 103
Management VLAN 104
Management
Network
IP
storage
VNIC VNIC VNIC VNIC
• A standard switch provides connections for virtual
machines to communicate with one another.
70.
70
Viewing the StandardSwitch Configuration
Delete the
port group.
Display Cisco Discovery
Protocol information.
Display port
group properties.
71.
71
VLANs in VirtualSwitch
Virtual Switch
VM
VLAN
105
VLAN
106
VM
VMkernel
Physical Switch
Physical
NIC
Trunk Port
• ESXi supports 802.1Q VLAN
tagging.
• Virtual switch tagging policies
▪ Packets from a virtual machine are
tagged as they exit the virtual switch.
▪ Packets are untagged as they return
to the virtual machine.
▪ Effect on performance is minimal.
• ESXi provides VLAN support by
giving a port group a VLAN ID.
94
降低主機停機時間 - StoragevMotion
OS
APP
VMware ESX/ESXi
OS
APP
OS
APP
• VMware Storage vMotion
▪ 效能調整 - 在不同Datastore移轉
▪ 資料移轉 - 在不同的儲存設備移轉
▪ 格式改變 - 可選擇目的地VMDK格式(thick/thin)
95.
95
降低主機停機時間 - FaultTolerance
VMware vSphere
OS
APP
OS
APP
OS
APP
• VMware FT (Fault Tolerance)
▪ 被保護VM(Primary)會在別台Host產生shadow
VM(Secondary),隨時和主要VM保持同步
▪ 在故障Failover後,會自動產生新shadow VM
97
Evolutions of VMwareFT in vSphere 6
- 能保護任何關鍵任務OS
- 支援SMP(4 vCPU)
- 採用全新Fast
Checkpointing技術
要啟動可參考Validation Checks
for Turning On Fault Tolerance
New
New
99
關於Virtual Machines關於Virtual Machines
VirtualMachine ComponentsVirtual Machine
▪ Operating system
▪ VMware Tools™
▪ Virtual resources:
• CPU and memory
• Network adapters
• Disk controllers
• Parallel and serial ports
• and so on…
128
Shares, Limits, andReservations
Available Capacity
0 MHz/MB
Limit
Shares are used to
compete in this range.
Reservation
• A virtual machine powers on only if its
reservation can be guaranteed.
129.
129
Resource Pool Attributes
•Shares: Low, Normal, High,
Custom
• Reservations: In MHz or GHz, MB
or GB
• Limits:
▪ In MHz or GHz, MB or GB.
▪ Unlimited access, by default, up to
maximum amount of resource
accessible.
• Reservation type:
▪ Expandable selected: Virtual
machines and subpools can draw
from this pool’s parent.
▪ Expandable deselected: Virtual
machines and subpools can draw only
from this pool, even if its parent has
free resources.