This document discusses controls in the AWT (Abstract Window Toolkit) framework in Java. It describes how to add controls to windows by calling the add() method on Container. The core AWT controls are labels, push buttons, check boxes, choice lists, lists, and scroll bars. Labels are the simplest control and are used to display read-only text. Buttons generate action events when pressed that can be listened for. The document includes examples of how to create and add labels and buttons as controls in a Java application.

1. AWT
CONTROLS

2. Adding and Removing Controls
➔ To include a control in a window, you must add it to the window. To do this,
you must first create an instance of the desired control and then add it to a
window by calling add( ),
➔ Which is defined by Container. The add( ) method has several forms.
➔ The following form is the one that is used for the first part of this chapter:
Component add(Component compObj)
➔ Here, compObj is an instance of the control that you want to add. A reference
to compObj is returned. Once a control has been added, it will automatically
be visible whenever its parent window is displayed.

3. CONTROL FUNDAMENTALS
The AWT supports the following types of controls
• Labels
• Push buttons
• Check boxes
• Choice lists
• Lists
• Scroll bars
• Text editing

4. JAVA AWT LABEL
➔ Label is the easiest control.
➔ It is used to display a single line of read only text.
➔ The text can be changed by a programmer but a user cannot edit it directly.
➔ Labels are passive controls that do not support any interaction with the user
Label defines the following constructors:
Label( ) throws HeadlessException
Label(String str) throws HeadlessException
Label(String str, int how) throws HeadlessException
➔ The first version creates a blank label.
➔ The second version creates a label that contains the string specified by str.
This string is left-justified.
➔ The third version creates a label that contains the string specified by str
using the alignment specified by how.

5. ➔ The value of how must be one of these three constants: Label.LEFT,
Label.RIGHT, or Label.CENTER.
➔ You can set or change the text in a label by using the setText( ) method. You
can obtain the current label by calling getText( ). These methods are shown
here:
➔ void setText(String str)
➔ String getText( )
LabelExample.java
import java.awt.*;
public class LabelExample {
public static void main(String args[]){
// creating the object of Frame class and Label class
Frame f= new Frame ("Label example");
Label 11, 12;
// initializing the labels
11 = new Label ("First Label.");
12 = new Label ("Second Label.");

6. // set the location of label
11.setBounds(50, 100, 100, 30);
12.setBounds(50, 150, 100, 30);
// adding labels to the frame
fadd(I1): f.add(12);
/ setting size, layout and visibility of frame
fsetSize(400,400);
fsetLayout(null);
f.set Visible(true);
}
}

7. JAVA AWT BUTTON
➔ A button is basically a control component with a label that generates an
event when pushed.
➔ The Button class is used to create a labeled button that has platform
independent implementation
➔ When we press a button and release it, AWT sends an instance of Action
Event to that button by calling processEvent on the button
➔ The processEvent method of the button receives the all the events, then it
passes an action event by calling its own method processAction Event
➔ This method passes the action event on to action listeners that are
interested in the action events generated by the button
➔ The registered new listener can receive events from the button by calling
addActionListener method of the button
➔ The Java application can use the button's action command as a messaging
protocol

9. THANKS