This document provides an overview and summary of Amazon Web Services' (AWS) managed database services, including Amazon Relational Database Service (RDS), Amazon DynamoDB, Amazon ElastiCache, and Amazon Redshift. It discusses the benefits of using fully managed database services over self-managed options, provides feature comparisons and use case examples for each service, and describes how billing works with an emphasis on the free tier offerings for each.

1. © 2016, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved.
Scott Ward, Solutions Architect
March 30th 2016
Managed Database Services
on Amazon Web Services

2. Today’s agenda
• Why managed database services?
• A non-relational managed database
• A relational managed database
• A managed in-memory cache
• A managed data warehouse
• What to do next

3. Why managed database services?

4. Options for running your database
• Self-Managed—You are responsible for the hardware,
OS, security, updates, backups, replication etc., but have
full control over it.
• EC2 Instances—You only need to focus on the database
level updates, patches, replication, backups etc. and
don’t have to worry about the hardware or the OS
installation.
• Fully Managed—You get features such as backup and
replication etc. as a package service and don’t have to
bother with patching and updates.

5. What are the AWS managed
DB options?

6. A managed service for each major DB type
In-Memory Key-
Value Store
Amazon
ElastiCache
Data
Warehouse
Amazon
Redshift
SQL Database
Engines
Amazon
RDS
Document and
Key-Value Store
Amazon
DynamoDB

7. Pick the best tool for the job

8. What is Amazon RDS?

9. Relational databases
Fully managed
Fast, predictable performance
Simple and fast to scale
Low cost, pay for what you use
Amazon
RDS
Amazon Aurora

10. Use cases
Applicable wherever you need relational databases
eCommerce Gaming
Websites IT Solutions
Apps
Reporting

11. RDS feature matrix
Feature Aurora MySQL PostgreSQL MariaDB Oracle SQL Server
VPC      
High availability      
Instance scaling      
Encryption

    
Read replicas    
Oracle Golden
Gate
Cross region  
Max storage 64 TB 6 TB 6 TB 6 TB 6 TB 4 TB
Scale storage Auto Scaling    
Provisioned IOPS NA 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 20,000
Largest instance R3.8XL
R3.8XL
M4.10XL
R3.8XL
M4.10XL
R3.8XL
M4.10XL
R3.8XL
M4.10XL
R3.8XL
M4.10XL

12. Amazon Aurora: Fast, available, and MySQL-compatible
SQL
Transactions
AZ 1 AZ 2 AZ 3
Caching
Amazon
S3
5x faster than MySQL on
same hardware
Sysbench: 100K writes/sec
and 500K reads/sec
Designed for 99.99%
availability
6-way replicated storage
across 3 AZs
Scale to 64 TB and 15 read
replicas

13. Amazon RDS is simple and fast to scale
Database instance types
offer a range of CPU and
memory selections
Scale up or down amongnstance
types on demand
Database storage is
scalable on demand

14. Amazon RDS offers fast, predictable storage
General Purpose
(SSD) for most
workloads
Provisioned IOPS
(SSD) for OLTP
workloads up to
30,000 IOPS
Magnetic for small
workloads with
infrequent access

15. High availability Multi-AZ deployments
Enterprise-grade fault tolerance solution for
production databases

16. Choose Read Replicas for greater scalability
Bring data close to your customer’s
applications in different regions
Relieve pressure on your master
node for supporting reads and writes.
Promote a read replica to a master
for faster recovery in the event
of disaster

17. Choose cross-region replication for enhanced data
locality, even more ease of migration
Even faster recovery in the event
of disaster
Bring data close to your customers
Promote to a master for
easy migration

18. Choose cross-region snapshot copy for even
greater durability, ease of migration
Copy a database snapshot
to a different AWS region
Warm standby for disaster
recovery
Base for migration to a
different region

19. How Amazon RDS backups work?
Automated backups
Restore your database to a point
in time
Enabled by default
Choose a retention period, up to
35 days
Manual snapshots
Build a new database instance from
a snapshot when needed
Initiated by you
Persist until you delete them
Stored in Amazon S3

20. You pay for the resources that you use
Monthly
bill = N ×
Further details at http://aws.amazon.com/elasticache/pricing/
Duration for which the
nodes were used
Number of nodes
(Price depends on type of
node)
Free tier (for first 12 months)
750 micro DB instance hours
20 GB of DB storage
20 GB for backups
10 million I/O operations
+
Storage consumed
(Price depends on
type of storage)
GB

21. Selected Amazon RDS customers

22. What is Amazon DynamoDB?

23. Amazon DynamoDB
NoSQL database
Fully managed
Single-digit millisecond latency
Massive and seamless scalability
Low cost
Amazon
DynamoDB

24. Amazon DynamoDB: a managed document and
key-value store
Simple and fast to deploy
Simple and fast to scale
• To millions of IOPS
Data is automatically replicated
Fast, predictable performance
• Backed by SSD storage
Secondary indexes offer fast lookups
No cost to get started; pay only for what you consume

25. Popular use cases
Ad serving, retargeting, ID
lookup, user profile
management, session-
tracking, RTB
Tracking state, metadata and
readings from millions of
devices, real-time notifications
Recording game details,
leaderboards, session
information, usage history,
and logs
Storing user profiles, session
details, personalization
settings, entity specific
metadata
Ad Tech IoT Gaming
Mobile
& Web

26. Writes
Replicated continuously to 3 AZs
Persisted to disk (custom SSD)
Reads
Strongly or eventually consistent
No latency trade-off
Automatic replication for rock-solid durability
and availability

27. Amazon DynamoDB is a schemaless database
Table Items
Attributes (name-
value pairs)

28. Each item must include a key
Hash key
(DynamoDB maintains an
unordered index)

29. Each item must include a key
Hash key
Range key
(DynamoDB maintains a
sorted index)

30. Local secondary indexes = alternate range keys
Hash key
Range key
LSI key

31. Global secondary indexes = “pivot charts”
for your table
Choose which
attributes
to project (if any)

32. Define the desired performance using
provisioned throughput
Read
capacity units
Write
capacity units
1 RPS > 2.5 M
requests in a
month

33. DynamoDB: What are capacity units?
One write per second
up to 1KB
One strongly consistent read
per second up to 4KB
or
Two eventually consistent
reads per second
One write
capacity unit
One read
capacity unit

34. Simple app architecture with Amazon DynamoDB
Elastic Load
Balancing Amazon EC2
app instances
Clients
DynamoDB
Business logic

35. How DynamoDB billing works
Monthly
bill = GB +
Assumes DB instance accessed only from AWS region
Further details at http://aws.amazon.com/dynamodb/pricing/
≈ 5 GB * $0.25 +
21 * 720 hrs * $0.0065/10 +
35 * 720 hrs * $0.0065/50
≈ $14.36
Storage consumed
(plus 100 bytes per item)
Charge for
write capacity units
per hour
+
Charge for
read capacity units
per hour

36. How DynamoDB billing works (with free tier)
Monthly
bill = GB +
Assumes DB instance accessed only from AWS region
Further details at http://aws.amazon.com/dynamodb/pricing/
≈ 5–25 GB * $0.25 +
21–25 * 720 hrs * $0.0065/10 +
35–25 * 720 hrs * $0.0065/50
Storage consumed
(plus 100 bytes per item)
Charge for
write capacity units
per hour
Charge for
read capacity units
per hour
Free tier (for first 12 months)
• 25 GB Storage
• 25 Units Write Capacity
• 25 Units Read Capacity
+

37. How DynamoDB billing works (with free tier)
Monthly
bill = GB +
Assumes DB instance accessed only from AWS region
Further details at http://aws.amazon.com/dynamodb/pricing/
≈ 0 +
0 +
10 * 720 hrs * $0.0065/50
≈ $0.94
Storage consumed
(plus 100 bytes per item)
Charge for
write capacity units
per hour
+
Charge for
read capacity units
per hour

38. Selected DynamoDB customers

39. NoSQL vs. SQL for a new app: how to choose?
• Strong schema, complex
relationships, transactions
and joins
• Scaling is difficult
• Focus on consistency
over scale and availability
• Schema-less, easy reads
and writes, simple data
model
• Scaling is easy
• Focus on performance and
availability at any scale
NoSQL SQL

40. What is Amazon Redshift?

41. Amazon
Redshift
a lot faster
a lot cheaper
a whole lot simpler
Relational data warehouse
Massively parallel; petabyte scale
Fully managed
HDD and SSD platforms
$1,000/TB/year; starts at $0.25/hour

42. Who uses Amazon Redshift?
• Reduce costs by extending
DW rather than adding HW
• Migrate completely from
existing DW systems
• Respond faster to business;
provision in minutes
• Improve performance by an
order of magnitude
• Make more data available
for analysis
• Access business data via
standard reporting tools
• Add analytic functionality
to applications
• Scale DW capacity as
demand grows
• Reduce HW and SW costs
by an order of magnitude
Traditional enterprise DW
Companies with big data
SaaS companiesCompanies with big data

43. Amazon Redshift architecture
Leader node
• Simple SQL endpoint
• Stores metadata
• Optimizes query plan
• Coordinates query execution
Compute nodes
• Local columnar storage
• Parallel/distributed execution of all queries,
loads, backups, restores, resizes
Start at just $0.25/hour, grow to 2 PB
(compressed)
• DC1: SSD; scale 160 GB–326 TB
• DS2: HDD; scale 2 TB–2 PB
10 GigE
(HPC)
Ingestion
Backup
Restore
JDBC/ODBC

44. Amazon Redshift dramatically reduces I/O
• With row storage, you do unnecessary
I/O
• To get total amount, you have to read
everything
ID Age State Amount
123 20 CA 500
345 25 WA 250
678 40 FL 125
957 37 WA 375
• Column storage
• Data compression
• Zone maps
• Direct-attached storage

45. • With column storage, you only
read the data you need
ID Age State Amount
123 20 CA 500
345 25 WA 250
678 40 FL 125
957 37 WA 375
Amazon Redshift dramatically reduces I/O
• Column storage
• Data compression
• Zone maps
• Direct-attached storage

46. analyze compression listing;
Table | Column | Encoding
---------+----------------+----------
listing | listid | delta
listing | sellerid | delta32k
listing | eventid | delta32k
listing | dateid | bytedict
listing | numtickets | bytedict
listing | priceperticket | delta32k
listing | totalprice | mostly32
listing | listtime | raw
Amazon Redshift dramatically reduces I/O
• COPY compresses automatically
• You can analyze and override
• More performance, less cost
• Column storage
• Data compression
• Zone maps
• Direct-attached storage

47. Amazon Redshift dramatically reduces I/O
10 | 13 | 14 | 26 |…
… | 100 | 245 | 324
375 | 393 | 417…
… 512 | 549 | 623
637 | 712 | 809 …
… | 834 | 921 | 959
10
324
375
623
637
959
• Track the minimum and maximum
value for each block
• Skip over blocks that don’t contain
relevant data
• Column storage
• Data compression
• Zone maps
• Direct-attached storage

48. Amazon Redshift dramatically reduces I/O
• Column storage
• Data compression
• Zone maps
• Direct-attached storage
DW.HS1.8XL:
• > 2 GB/sec scan rate
• Optimized for data processing
• High disk density
DW.HS1.XL:

49. Fully managed, continuous/incremental
backups
Multiple copies within cluster
Continuous and incremental backups to
Amazon S3
Continuous and incremental backups
across regions
Streaming restore
Amazon S3
Amazon S3
Region 1
Region 2

50. Amazon Redshift offers rock-solid fault
tolerance
Amazon S3
Amazon S3
Region 1
Region 2
Disk failures
Node failures
Network failure
AZ/region level disasters

51. You pay for what you use
Further details at https://aws.amazon.com/redshift/pricing/
Monthly
bill = N ×
Number of nodes Duration for which the
nodes were used
(Price depends on type of node)
Free Tier (2 month free trial)
• 750 DC1.Large hours per month

52. Redshift has a large ecosystem
Data Integration Systems IntegratorsBusiness Intelligence

53. Selected Amazon Redshift customers

54. What is Amazon ElastiCache?

55. In-memory key-value store
High-performance
Resizable in-memory caching
Memcached and Redis
Fully managed; zero admin
Compatible with your existing applications
Amazon
ElastiCache

56. Popular use cases
Caching layer for performance or cost optimization
of an underlying database
Storage of ephemeral key-value data
High-performance application patterns such as
leaderboards (for gaming users), session
management, event counters, in-memory lists

57. • Fully managed
• Cache node auto-discovery
• Multi-AZ node placement
Key ElastiCache features
• Fully managed
• Multi-AZ with auto-failover
• Persistence
• Read replicas

58. Amazon ElastiCache: simple app architecture
Elastic Load
Balancing Amazon EC2
app instances
Clients
Amazon RDSAmazon
ElastiCache

59. Amazon ElastiCache: resilient app architecture
Elastic Load
Balancing
Clients
AZ a
AZ b

60. How ElastiCache billing works
Monthly
bill = N ×
Further details at http://aws.amazon.com/elasticache/pricing/
Duration for which the
nodes were used
Number of nodes
(Price depends on type of
node)
Free tier (for first 12 months)
• 750 micro cache node hours

61. Selected ElastiCache customers

62. Managed DB services: better together
Elastic Load
Balancing
Clients
AZ a
AZ b

63. Next Steps
Free Tier
DynamoDB
RDS
ElastiCache
Redshift

64. Thank you!