The document explains the use of demonstrative pronouns 'this', 'that', 'these', and 'those' to refer to singular and plural nouns based on proximity and time. It provides guidance on when to use each term depending on whether the noun is near or far, and whether the action is in the present, near future, or past. Additionally, it includes example sentences and practice questions for clarity.

1. THIS
THAT
THESE
THOSE

2. THIS and THAT
are used for
SINGULAR Noun.
SINGULAR refer to one person,
an animal, or a thing.

3. THESE and THOSE
are used for
PLURAL Noun.
PLURAL refer to more than one persons,
animals, or things.

4. Use THIS or THESE to point out
things that are
NEAR

5. This
This is a boy. This box is empty.

6. These
These are my family. I like these dogs.

7. Use THAT or THOSE to point out
things that are
FAR

8. That That is a table.
That girl is pretty.

9. Those
Those are my students.
I don’t like those dogs.

10. TIME is important
This pizza is delicious. (during the meal)
That pizza was delicious last night. (the next day)
This pizza was delicious last night. (the next day)
If an action is in the present or near future, then we use ‘this’ or ‘these’.
If an action is in the past, then we use ‘that’ or ‘those’.

11. Introductions
We always use ‘THIS’.
Class, this is Ann. Hello, this is Sam.

12. 1. Look at ... birds up there in the tree.
a) this
b) these
c) those
2. Are ... your books over there on the table?
a) these
b) those
c) this

13. 3. My umbrella is right here. ... is my umbrella.
a) That
b) This
c) These
4. Those apples are red, but ... apples over here are green.
a) that
b) this
c) these
5. Maybe we can ask ... policeman for directions.
a) that
b) these
c) those