attachment.doc
•Download as DOC, PDF•
0 likes•3 views
Ethiopia has implemented various rural development policies under different regimes: The Imperial regime focused on modernizing agriculture through large-scale state initiatives like irrigation systems. The Dergue regime pursued socialist policies like land redistribution and collective farming. The EPRDF regime introduced an agricultural development strategy focusing on smallholder farmers and cooperatives. Currently, the PP government continues agricultural development and promotes agribusiness through clusters and social protection programs. However, the effectiveness of these policies has varied depending on factors like political stability and implementation capacity.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Policies to Promote Smallholder Intensification in Ethiopia:The Search for Ap...
1) The document analyzes Ethiopia's policies and programs over the past decades that aimed to promote smallholder intensification through improved access to seed, fertilizer, and extension services. 2) It focuses on three key policy "episodes" between 1995-present to examine the roles of public and private sectors in input and extension systems and markets. 3) The episodes show periods of success in intensification followed by volatility, raising questions about how policies have helped or hindered efforts and the shifting roles of public and private sectors over time.
Policies to Promote Smallholder Intensification in Ethiopia:The Search for Ap...
Ethiopian Economics Association (EEA),
Seventh International Conference on the Ethiopian Economy, Addis Ababa, June 26, 2009
Historical Evolution of Agricultural Extension Service Approach in Ethiopia -...
Historical Evolution of Agricultural Extension Service Approach in Ethiopia -...BRNSS Publication Hub
Ethiopia, as one of the countries found in the region, shares the broad characteristics of agriculture in the Sub-Saharan Africa region. Agricultural extension service approach is a bedrock of agricultural development since it contributes to make extension services clear for the development of the skill and knowledge of farmers to adopt new and improved technologies. The general objective of this paper is to review the historical evolution of agricultural extension service approach in Ethiopia. Ethiopia agricultural extension work was started in 1931 with the establishment of the Ambo Agricultural School. The first comprehensive package Chillalo Agricultural Development Unit project was established in the Arsi region that was employed the “Model farmer” approach until 1975. The farmers’ field school, general agricultural extension, commodity specialized, training and visit approach, farming system development, participatory approach, project approach, and the cost-sharing approach were reviewed in the paper. The historical review reveals that extension service system approaches in the past country has not been participatory in its nature. In the past, the agricultural extension service approaches, except PADETS, were based on donor funding. Until 1991 regarding on agricultural extension, different approaches mostly work with commercial farmers with exclusive stallholder farmers. Furthermore, the reviews indicate that past approaches give emphasis on high agricultural potential areas with focusing on crop production, particularly cereals. The review shows that the current extension service approach encourages different stakeholders including the beneficiary farmers. However, the existing extension service approaches need critical evaluation with the farmers.
Historical Evolution of Agricultural Extension Service Approach in Ethiopia -...
Historical Evolution of Agricultural Extension Service Approach in Ethiopia -...BRNSS Publication Hub
The document reviews the historical evolution of agricultural extension service approaches in Ethiopia. It discusses how extension work began in 1931 with the establishment of the Ambo Agricultural School. The first comprehensive package project, the Chillalo Agricultural Development Unit, employed a "model farmer" approach from 1967-1975. Subsequent approaches included the farmers' field school, general agricultural extension, specialized commodity extension, training and visit, farming systems development, participatory approach, project approach, and cost-sharing approach. The review found that past approaches focused on commercial farmers and high potential areas, with an emphasis on cereal crop production. Current approaches aim to be more participatory and encourage involvement of different stakeholders, but still require further critical evaluation.A Seminar Title On the History and Evolution of Agricultural Extension in the...
A Seminar Title On the History and Evolution of Agricultural Extension in the...SubmissionResearchpa
Agricultural extension service began work in Ethiopia since 1931, during the establishment of Ambo Agricultural School. But a formal Agricultural extension started since Alemaya Imperial College of Agriculture and Mechanical Arts (Haramaya) was constructed since 1953.The extension activities of Ethiopia during the last 50 years reveals that a range of extension approaches has been used. The approaches tended differ with each successive political regime. Different extension approaches in different political regimes, during the imperial regime the responsibility for national extension administration to the Ministry of Agriculture, extension service became one of the departments in the Ministry. And during the military regime the land reform proclamation banned the private ownership of rural lands and declared that land would be distributed to the tillers without compensation to former owners. Because of the political instability and major structural changes in the rural areas, including the formation of peasant associations and producers' cooperatives as well as the implementation of the land reform, it was not possible to carry out this plan. There was not much organized and coordinated extension work in the country until the beginning of the 1980. At the current Extension service of Ethiopia in 1991 the T & V extension approach was adopted as a national extension system with major government financing until its replacement by the Participatory Demonstration and Training Extension System in 1995. The latter was adopted from the SaSakawa Global 2000 (SG 2000) extension strategy. Agricultural extension service in Ethiopia can be given by different mandatory level such as at federal level by ministry of Agriculture, At Regional level Bureau of Agriculture, At Woreda level Agricultural and Natural Resource office, and at Farmer Training center level Development agent and different stockholders have responsibility of giving extension especially agriculture related extension to need holders. In Ethiopia there are different extension approaches model such as Chilalo agricultural development model (CADU), minimum package project I and II, Peasant Agricultural Development program, participatory demonstration and training extension system, farmers field school, Farmers training center and Agricultural technical and Vocational Education training (ATVET) these are the different extension approaches in Ethiopia starting from the begging up to current extension service respectively by Suleyman Abdureman Omer and Nuradin Abdi Hassen 2020. A Seminar Title On the History and Evolution of Agricultural Extension in the Ethiopia Country . International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 10 (Oct. 2020), 163-176. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i10.710 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/710/667 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/710
20150130 development of_agricultural_mechanization_in_ethiopia_and_the_br_rol...
This document summarizes the development of agricultural mechanization in Ethiopia under three successive governments. While the Emperor's government focused on mechanizing large private farms, the Dergue government supported mechanization of state farms. The current government aims to enhance smallholder productivity through modern technologies but has lacked an explicit agricultural mechanization policy. A new national strategy has been drafted but challenges remain in expanding mechanization given the country's smallholder system and past discontinuities in policy approaches across governments.
Indian economy
Winter of discontent will be made glorious summer': RBI quotes Shakespeare in a forecast about the Indian economy
Post Conflict Agricultural Development in Ethiopia: General Overview
Post Conflict Agricultural Development in Ethiopia: General Overview FARA - Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa
- Ethiopia has focused on agricultural development since the 1980s after experiencing conflict, implementing strategies like the Agricultural Development Led-Industrialization strategy.
- The government has invested heavily in agriculture through development plans from 2002-2015, strengthening agricultural extension, research, education, and organizations.
- As a result, the agricultural sector has grown substantially over the last two decades, with food production and per capita grain production increasing. However, low productivity remains a challenge.
- Weak links between research and extension have hindered progress, so the government established Research-Extension Advisory Councils and later Agricultural Development Partners' Linkage Advisory Councils to improve coordination, though challenges remain like low skills and motivation among agriculturalRecommended
Policies to Promote Smallholder Intensification in Ethiopia:The Search for Ap...
1) The document analyzes Ethiopia's policies and programs over the past decades that aimed to promote smallholder intensification through improved access to seed, fertilizer, and extension services. 2) It focuses on three key policy "episodes" between 1995-present to examine the roles of public and private sectors in input and extension systems and markets. 3) The episodes show periods of success in intensification followed by volatility, raising questions about how policies have helped or hindered efforts and the shifting roles of public and private sectors over time.
Policies to Promote Smallholder Intensification in Ethiopia:The Search for Ap...
Ethiopian Economics Association (EEA),
Seventh International Conference on the Ethiopian Economy, Addis Ababa, June 26, 2009
Historical Evolution of Agricultural Extension Service Approach in Ethiopia -...
Historical Evolution of Agricultural Extension Service Approach in Ethiopia -...BRNSS Publication Hub
Ethiopia, as one of the countries found in the region, shares the broad characteristics of agriculture in the Sub-Saharan Africa region. Agricultural extension service approach is a bedrock of agricultural development since it contributes to make extension services clear for the development of the skill and knowledge of farmers to adopt new and improved technologies. The general objective of this paper is to review the historical evolution of agricultural extension service approach in Ethiopia. Ethiopia agricultural extension work was started in 1931 with the establishment of the Ambo Agricultural School. The first comprehensive package Chillalo Agricultural Development Unit project was established in the Arsi region that was employed the “Model farmer” approach until 1975. The farmers’ field school, general agricultural extension, commodity specialized, training and visit approach, farming system development, participatory approach, project approach, and the cost-sharing approach were reviewed in the paper. The historical review reveals that extension service system approaches in the past country has not been participatory in its nature. In the past, the agricultural extension service approaches, except PADETS, were based on donor funding. Until 1991 regarding on agricultural extension, different approaches mostly work with commercial farmers with exclusive stallholder farmers. Furthermore, the reviews indicate that past approaches give emphasis on high agricultural potential areas with focusing on crop production, particularly cereals. The review shows that the current extension service approach encourages different stakeholders including the beneficiary farmers. However, the existing extension service approaches need critical evaluation with the farmers.
Historical Evolution of Agricultural Extension Service Approach in Ethiopia -...
Historical Evolution of Agricultural Extension Service Approach in Ethiopia -...BRNSS Publication Hub
The document reviews the historical evolution of agricultural extension service approaches in Ethiopia. It discusses how extension work began in 1931 with the establishment of the Ambo Agricultural School. The first comprehensive package project, the Chillalo Agricultural Development Unit, employed a "model farmer" approach from 1967-1975. Subsequent approaches included the farmers' field school, general agricultural extension, specialized commodity extension, training and visit, farming systems development, participatory approach, project approach, and cost-sharing approach. The review found that past approaches focused on commercial farmers and high potential areas, with an emphasis on cereal crop production. Current approaches aim to be more participatory and encourage involvement of different stakeholders, but still require further critical evaluation.A Seminar Title On the History and Evolution of Agricultural Extension in the...
A Seminar Title On the History and Evolution of Agricultural Extension in the...SubmissionResearchpa
Agricultural extension service began work in Ethiopia since 1931, during the establishment of Ambo Agricultural School. But a formal Agricultural extension started since Alemaya Imperial College of Agriculture and Mechanical Arts (Haramaya) was constructed since 1953.The extension activities of Ethiopia during the last 50 years reveals that a range of extension approaches has been used. The approaches tended differ with each successive political regime. Different extension approaches in different political regimes, during the imperial regime the responsibility for national extension administration to the Ministry of Agriculture, extension service became one of the departments in the Ministry. And during the military regime the land reform proclamation banned the private ownership of rural lands and declared that land would be distributed to the tillers without compensation to former owners. Because of the political instability and major structural changes in the rural areas, including the formation of peasant associations and producers' cooperatives as well as the implementation of the land reform, it was not possible to carry out this plan. There was not much organized and coordinated extension work in the country until the beginning of the 1980. At the current Extension service of Ethiopia in 1991 the T & V extension approach was adopted as a national extension system with major government financing until its replacement by the Participatory Demonstration and Training Extension System in 1995. The latter was adopted from the SaSakawa Global 2000 (SG 2000) extension strategy. Agricultural extension service in Ethiopia can be given by different mandatory level such as at federal level by ministry of Agriculture, At Regional level Bureau of Agriculture, At Woreda level Agricultural and Natural Resource office, and at Farmer Training center level Development agent and different stockholders have responsibility of giving extension especially agriculture related extension to need holders. In Ethiopia there are different extension approaches model such as Chilalo agricultural development model (CADU), minimum package project I and II, Peasant Agricultural Development program, participatory demonstration and training extension system, farmers field school, Farmers training center and Agricultural technical and Vocational Education training (ATVET) these are the different extension approaches in Ethiopia starting from the begging up to current extension service respectively by Suleyman Abdureman Omer and Nuradin Abdi Hassen 2020. A Seminar Title On the History and Evolution of Agricultural Extension in the Ethiopia Country . International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 10 (Oct. 2020), 163-176. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i10.710 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/710/667 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/710
20150130 development of_agricultural_mechanization_in_ethiopia_and_the_br_rol...
This document summarizes the development of agricultural mechanization in Ethiopia under three successive governments. While the Emperor's government focused on mechanizing large private farms, the Dergue government supported mechanization of state farms. The current government aims to enhance smallholder productivity through modern technologies but has lacked an explicit agricultural mechanization policy. A new national strategy has been drafted but challenges remain in expanding mechanization given the country's smallholder system and past discontinuities in policy approaches across governments.
Indian economy
Winter of discontent will be made glorious summer': RBI quotes Shakespeare in a forecast about the Indian economy
Post Conflict Agricultural Development in Ethiopia: General Overview
Post Conflict Agricultural Development in Ethiopia: General Overview FARA - Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa
- Ethiopia has focused on agricultural development since the 1980s after experiencing conflict, implementing strategies like the Agricultural Development Led-Industrialization strategy.
- The government has invested heavily in agriculture through development plans from 2002-2015, strengthening agricultural extension, research, education, and organizations.
- As a result, the agricultural sector has grown substantially over the last two decades, with food production and per capita grain production increasing. However, low productivity remains a challenge.
- Weak links between research and extension have hindered progress, so the government established Research-Extension Advisory Councils and later Agricultural Development Partners' Linkage Advisory Councils to improve coordination, though challenges remain like low skills and motivation among agriculturalLiberalization, growth and regional disparities in india
The chapter reviews India's economic policies and growth performance since independence in three periods: 1950-1980, 1980-1991, and post-1991. During 1950-1980, import substitution and public sector-led industrialization were emphasized. Agriculture grew slowly initially but the Green Revolution boosted output after the 1960s. 1980-1991 saw some liberalization, including delicensing of industries, but agriculture saw no major policy changes. Economic reforms accelerated after 1991 with widespread deregulation and liberalization.
Farm policy indonesia (syahyuti)
- Farmland policy in Indonesia aims to provide farmers access to enough land but implementation has been limited. Agricultural censuses from 2003-2013 show a decline in smallholder farmers with less than 0.5 hectares of land and a rise in agricultural enterprises.
- Recent policies under Nawa Cita and the National Medium Term Development Plan 2015-2019 aim to improve land redistribution and legalize land ownership for smallholders and farm workers through identifying 9 million hectares of land. However, the percentage of young farmers aged 15-29 in the agricultural workforce has been declining from 25.12% in 2007 to 23.03% in 2011.
- Ensuring future opportunities for land access and distribution will require serious
03 wambugu presentation
Policy workshop - performance of agriculture and food security in Kenya: policies that underpin performance
Lessons from agricultural policies and programmes in nigeria
The International Institute for Science, Technology and Education (IISTE) Journals Call for paper http://www.iiste.org/Journals
Lessons from agricultural policies and programmes in nigeria
This document summarizes several agricultural policies and programs initiated in Nigeria. It reviews the objectives, achievements, and problems of the policies and programs to identify gaps. Recommendations are provided based on lessons learned. Key policies and programs from the colonial era focused on export crops and included the Farm Settlement Scheme. In the post-colonial era, major programs included the National Accelerated Food Production Program, Agricultural Development Projects, Operation Feed the Nation, River Basin Development Authorities, and the Green Revolution. However, many of these programs faced challenges such as lack of funding, unsuitable implementation, and inadequate support for small-scale farmers.
Corazon Aquino and Fidel Ramos Administrations
Corazon Aquino (1986-1992) was the first female president of the Philippines. She restored democracy after the dictatorship of Ferdinand Marcos and enacted the 1987 constitution, which crippled presidential power and restored democratic institutions and freedoms. She pursued national reconciliation and granted autonomy to the Muslim Mindanao region. Her administration implemented agrarian reform and pursued the recovery of wealth stolen under Marcos.
Business Environment_Unit 2.pdf
1. The document discusses the business environment course syllabus which covers topics like economic, politico-legal, technological, demographic, and socio-cultural environments as well as foreign investment and trade regulations.
2. The economic environment unit covers the history of economic systems, planned and mixed economies, economic planning in India, monetary and fiscal policies, and industrial policies.
3. Key aspects of economic planning in India include the objectives of attaining economic growth, equality, employment, self-reliance, modernization, and balanced regional development.
chapter 1 Economic Antroplogy, Concept, apparoachs and measures.ppt
The document summarizes different theories and approaches to economic development from the 1950s to present day, and Ethiopia's experience with each approach. It discusses early theories that focused solely on economic growth through industrialization. It then covers later approaches that emphasized reducing poverty, inequality, and unemployment. The document also introduces Amartya Sen's capability approach and the UNDP's Human Development Index as more holistic measures of development.
Chapter 2 indian economy
The document discusses India's economic system and policies from 1950-1990. It describes how India adopted a mixed economy with elements of both capitalism and socialism. The government established a Planning Commission in 1950 to guide economic development through five-year plans. The goals of the plans were to promote growth, modernization, self-reliance, and equity. Early plans focused on developing agriculture, which suffered from low productivity, unemployment, and outdated techniques. Reforms included land ceilings and the introduction of high-yielding crop varieties during the Green Revolution, which increased food grain production substantially. However, the Green Revolution also carried environmental and social risks.
Research program - Markets, Institutions and Policies -Insights from the Vill...
The document discusses village level studies (VLS) conducted by ICRISAT in India and Africa since 1975 to understand farming systems and challenges faced by rural communities. The objectives of VLS are to track changes in livelihoods, understand responses to markets/policies/technologies, and perceptions of climate change. VLS provide longitudinal data and a field laboratory for research. Key findings include farmers diversifying into non-farm incomes and migrating for work while farm incomes decline, as well as increased annual incomes, wages, and government support programs helping households cope with shocks. Moving forward, VLS will deepen inquiry into social and climate aspects to identify poverty escapes and strategies to build resilience to climate change.
five year agriculture plan
The document discusses India's various Five Year Plans for agriculture and economic development from 1951 to 2017. Some key points:
- India formulated Five Year Plans to develop its economy in a planned manner, with goals set and reviewed every five years. The first plan focused on irrigation, energy, agriculture and more. Subsequent plans targeted higher GDP growth rates.
- The plans aimed to increase agricultural production, boost industries like steel and energy, and develop infrastructure and social services. However, some plans like the third fell short of their growth targets.
- Recent plans have targeted even higher GDP growth, poverty reduction, education improvements, and increasing private investment in infrastructure and renewable energy. However, growth rates have sometimes fallen short
Agro Ecology & Agriculture Policy in Ethiopia
Presentation by Dr. Demese Chanyalew, USAID/Ethiopia Agriculture Knowledge, Learning, Documentation and Policy Project (AKLDP)
Ethiopia Strategy Support Program-II Presentation (ESSP-II)
This document discusses the Ethiopia Strategy Support Program Phase 2 (ESSP-2). ESSP-2 conducts policy-oriented research, capacity building, and knowledge sharing to support Ethiopia's development strategy from 2008-2012. Key activities include analyzing agricultural productivity, government spending efficiency, rural non-farm employment, and other topics. ESSP-2 also builds capacity of the Ethiopian Development Research Institute, Central Statistics Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, and other partners.
Macro-Policy, Agricultural Growth and Poverty Reduction in Ethiopia: Maintai...
This document summarizes an analysis of macro-policy, agricultural growth, and poverty reduction in Ethiopia. It finds that Ethiopia has achieved substantial progress in reducing poverty and increasing food security through agricultural investments and reforms. Agricultural growth averaged over 8% annually from 2004-2016 due to increased yields driven by improved seeds, fertilizer, and total factor productivity. However, macroeconomic imbalances including real exchange rate appreciation and rising public debt pose risks. Future scenarios project that land and water constraints may slow agricultural growth, while urbanization and changing diets will shape demand. Sustaining success will depend on balanced investments and managing macroeconomic stability.
structural transformation in Ethiopia: Enhancing the transition from Agrarian...
This document discusses Ethiopia's development strategies and structural transformation. It provides background on Agricultural Development Led Industrialization (ADLI), Ethiopia's initial strategy to achieve growth through agricultural transformation. While ADLI has helped reduce poverty and increase growth, the industrial sector share remains low. The document argues for a policy transition from ADLI to industrialization-led development to accelerate structural change and establish industry as an economic leader. It examines the experiences of East Asian countries and conditions needed to promote industrialization.
Republic of Korea Country Presentation
The document discusses how social policy was integrated into South Korea's development strategy. It summarizes that land reform in the 1940s-1950s redistributed wealth more equally. Economic development plans coordinated investments in education, health and infrastructure based on industrial demands. Education was mostly public through secondary levels while health included both public and private providers. Social insurance schemes developed to maximize informal family support and high employment rates, reducing poverty and inequality.
Republic of Korea Country Presentation
The document discusses how social policy was integrated into South Korea's development strategy. It summarizes that land reform in the 1940s-1950s redistributed wealth more equally. Economic development plans coordinated resources across ministries and included social spending. Education and healthcare were mostly public and expanded with industrial demand. Rural development followed industrialization. Low unemployment, family support systems, and social insurance later reinforced reductions in poverty and inequality until recent reforms. The document questions views of social policies playing only minor roles or dichotomies between planning and markets.
Historical Perspectives of agricultural extension and Research- Extension- Fa...
The document provides an overview of the history of agricultural extension in Ethiopia. It discusses how extension began in 1931 with the establishment of an agricultural school and transitioned to the Ministry of Agriculture in 1963. Major approaches included the comprehensive package in the 1960s/1970s, which had high costs and limited reach. The Minimum Package Projects of the 1970s/1980s saw some improvements but still faced challenges of poor research linkages, benefiting wealthy farmers more, and not addressing land issues. The Peasant Agriculture Development Extension Programme employed a top-down Training and Visit system in the 1980s/1990s but was replaced by a more participatory approach called PADETS in 1995.
Economic policies of different philippine presidents
The document summarizes the economic policies of different Philippine presidents from Elpidio Quirino to Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo. Key policies included import substitution under Quirino, land reform under Magsaysay and Garcia, decontrol and liberalization under Macapagal, industrialization under Marcos and Ramos, poverty alleviation under Estrada, and transparency under Arroyo. Each administration addressed economic issues prevalent at the time such as the trade deficit, land ownership, foreign intervention, and corruption.
Extension experience (ebrahim mohammed)
The document summarizes Ethiopia's agricultural extension efforts from 1953 to the present. It describes 3 phases: 1) 1953-1974 under the Imperial regime focusing on demonstration and training, 2) 1974-1991 under military rule expanding minimum package programs, and 3) post-1991 under the current government adopting a participatory approach called PADETES. Key aspects included establishing agricultural colleges, deploying development agents, introducing improved practices, expanding farmer participation, and increasing crop yields through new extension strategies.
How Non-Banking Financial Companies Empower Startups With Venture Debt Financing
How Non-Banking Financial Companies Empower Startups With Venture Debt Financing
5 Tips for Creating Standard Financial Reports
Well-crafted financial reports serve as vital tools for decision-making and transparency within an organization. By following the undermentioned tips, you can create standardized financial reports that effectively communicate your company's financial health and performance to stakeholders.
More Related Content
Similar to attachment.doc
Liberalization, growth and regional disparities in india
The chapter reviews India's economic policies and growth performance since independence in three periods: 1950-1980, 1980-1991, and post-1991. During 1950-1980, import substitution and public sector-led industrialization were emphasized. Agriculture grew slowly initially but the Green Revolution boosted output after the 1960s. 1980-1991 saw some liberalization, including delicensing of industries, but agriculture saw no major policy changes. Economic reforms accelerated after 1991 with widespread deregulation and liberalization.
Farm policy indonesia (syahyuti)
- Farmland policy in Indonesia aims to provide farmers access to enough land but implementation has been limited. Agricultural censuses from 2003-2013 show a decline in smallholder farmers with less than 0.5 hectares of land and a rise in agricultural enterprises.
- Recent policies under Nawa Cita and the National Medium Term Development Plan 2015-2019 aim to improve land redistribution and legalize land ownership for smallholders and farm workers through identifying 9 million hectares of land. However, the percentage of young farmers aged 15-29 in the agricultural workforce has been declining from 25.12% in 2007 to 23.03% in 2011.
- Ensuring future opportunities for land access and distribution will require serious
03 wambugu presentation
Policy workshop - performance of agriculture and food security in Kenya: policies that underpin performance
Lessons from agricultural policies and programmes in nigeria
The International Institute for Science, Technology and Education (IISTE) Journals Call for paper http://www.iiste.org/Journals
Lessons from agricultural policies and programmes in nigeria
This document summarizes several agricultural policies and programs initiated in Nigeria. It reviews the objectives, achievements, and problems of the policies and programs to identify gaps. Recommendations are provided based on lessons learned. Key policies and programs from the colonial era focused on export crops and included the Farm Settlement Scheme. In the post-colonial era, major programs included the National Accelerated Food Production Program, Agricultural Development Projects, Operation Feed the Nation, River Basin Development Authorities, and the Green Revolution. However, many of these programs faced challenges such as lack of funding, unsuitable implementation, and inadequate support for small-scale farmers.
Corazon Aquino and Fidel Ramos Administrations
Corazon Aquino (1986-1992) was the first female president of the Philippines. She restored democracy after the dictatorship of Ferdinand Marcos and enacted the 1987 constitution, which crippled presidential power and restored democratic institutions and freedoms. She pursued national reconciliation and granted autonomy to the Muslim Mindanao region. Her administration implemented agrarian reform and pursued the recovery of wealth stolen under Marcos.
Business Environment_Unit 2.pdf
1. The document discusses the business environment course syllabus which covers topics like economic, politico-legal, technological, demographic, and socio-cultural environments as well as foreign investment and trade regulations.
2. The economic environment unit covers the history of economic systems, planned and mixed economies, economic planning in India, monetary and fiscal policies, and industrial policies.
3. Key aspects of economic planning in India include the objectives of attaining economic growth, equality, employment, self-reliance, modernization, and balanced regional development.
chapter 1 Economic Antroplogy, Concept, apparoachs and measures.ppt
The document summarizes different theories and approaches to economic development from the 1950s to present day, and Ethiopia's experience with each approach. It discusses early theories that focused solely on economic growth through industrialization. It then covers later approaches that emphasized reducing poverty, inequality, and unemployment. The document also introduces Amartya Sen's capability approach and the UNDP's Human Development Index as more holistic measures of development.
Chapter 2 indian economy
The document discusses India's economic system and policies from 1950-1990. It describes how India adopted a mixed economy with elements of both capitalism and socialism. The government established a Planning Commission in 1950 to guide economic development through five-year plans. The goals of the plans were to promote growth, modernization, self-reliance, and equity. Early plans focused on developing agriculture, which suffered from low productivity, unemployment, and outdated techniques. Reforms included land ceilings and the introduction of high-yielding crop varieties during the Green Revolution, which increased food grain production substantially. However, the Green Revolution also carried environmental and social risks.
Research program - Markets, Institutions and Policies -Insights from the Vill...
The document discusses village level studies (VLS) conducted by ICRISAT in India and Africa since 1975 to understand farming systems and challenges faced by rural communities. The objectives of VLS are to track changes in livelihoods, understand responses to markets/policies/technologies, and perceptions of climate change. VLS provide longitudinal data and a field laboratory for research. Key findings include farmers diversifying into non-farm incomes and migrating for work while farm incomes decline, as well as increased annual incomes, wages, and government support programs helping households cope with shocks. Moving forward, VLS will deepen inquiry into social and climate aspects to identify poverty escapes and strategies to build resilience to climate change.
five year agriculture plan
The document discusses India's various Five Year Plans for agriculture and economic development from 1951 to 2017. Some key points:
- India formulated Five Year Plans to develop its economy in a planned manner, with goals set and reviewed every five years. The first plan focused on irrigation, energy, agriculture and more. Subsequent plans targeted higher GDP growth rates.
- The plans aimed to increase agricultural production, boost industries like steel and energy, and develop infrastructure and social services. However, some plans like the third fell short of their growth targets.
- Recent plans have targeted even higher GDP growth, poverty reduction, education improvements, and increasing private investment in infrastructure and renewable energy. However, growth rates have sometimes fallen short
Agro Ecology & Agriculture Policy in Ethiopia
Presentation by Dr. Demese Chanyalew, USAID/Ethiopia Agriculture Knowledge, Learning, Documentation and Policy Project (AKLDP)
Ethiopia Strategy Support Program-II Presentation (ESSP-II)
This document discusses the Ethiopia Strategy Support Program Phase 2 (ESSP-2). ESSP-2 conducts policy-oriented research, capacity building, and knowledge sharing to support Ethiopia's development strategy from 2008-2012. Key activities include analyzing agricultural productivity, government spending efficiency, rural non-farm employment, and other topics. ESSP-2 also builds capacity of the Ethiopian Development Research Institute, Central Statistics Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, and other partners.
Macro-Policy, Agricultural Growth and Poverty Reduction in Ethiopia: Maintai...
This document summarizes an analysis of macro-policy, agricultural growth, and poverty reduction in Ethiopia. It finds that Ethiopia has achieved substantial progress in reducing poverty and increasing food security through agricultural investments and reforms. Agricultural growth averaged over 8% annually from 2004-2016 due to increased yields driven by improved seeds, fertilizer, and total factor productivity. However, macroeconomic imbalances including real exchange rate appreciation and rising public debt pose risks. Future scenarios project that land and water constraints may slow agricultural growth, while urbanization and changing diets will shape demand. Sustaining success will depend on balanced investments and managing macroeconomic stability.
structural transformation in Ethiopia: Enhancing the transition from Agrarian...
This document discusses Ethiopia's development strategies and structural transformation. It provides background on Agricultural Development Led Industrialization (ADLI), Ethiopia's initial strategy to achieve growth through agricultural transformation. While ADLI has helped reduce poverty and increase growth, the industrial sector share remains low. The document argues for a policy transition from ADLI to industrialization-led development to accelerate structural change and establish industry as an economic leader. It examines the experiences of East Asian countries and conditions needed to promote industrialization.
Republic of Korea Country Presentation
The document discusses how social policy was integrated into South Korea's development strategy. It summarizes that land reform in the 1940s-1950s redistributed wealth more equally. Economic development plans coordinated investments in education, health and infrastructure based on industrial demands. Education was mostly public through secondary levels while health included both public and private providers. Social insurance schemes developed to maximize informal family support and high employment rates, reducing poverty and inequality.
Republic of Korea Country Presentation
The document discusses how social policy was integrated into South Korea's development strategy. It summarizes that land reform in the 1940s-1950s redistributed wealth more equally. Economic development plans coordinated resources across ministries and included social spending. Education and healthcare were mostly public and expanded with industrial demand. Rural development followed industrialization. Low unemployment, family support systems, and social insurance later reinforced reductions in poverty and inequality until recent reforms. The document questions views of social policies playing only minor roles or dichotomies between planning and markets.
Historical Perspectives of agricultural extension and Research- Extension- Fa...
The document provides an overview of the history of agricultural extension in Ethiopia. It discusses how extension began in 1931 with the establishment of an agricultural school and transitioned to the Ministry of Agriculture in 1963. Major approaches included the comprehensive package in the 1960s/1970s, which had high costs and limited reach. The Minimum Package Projects of the 1970s/1980s saw some improvements but still faced challenges of poor research linkages, benefiting wealthy farmers more, and not addressing land issues. The Peasant Agriculture Development Extension Programme employed a top-down Training and Visit system in the 1980s/1990s but was replaced by a more participatory approach called PADETS in 1995.
Economic policies of different philippine presidents
The document summarizes the economic policies of different Philippine presidents from Elpidio Quirino to Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo. Key policies included import substitution under Quirino, land reform under Magsaysay and Garcia, decontrol and liberalization under Macapagal, industrialization under Marcos and Ramos, poverty alleviation under Estrada, and transparency under Arroyo. Each administration addressed economic issues prevalent at the time such as the trade deficit, land ownership, foreign intervention, and corruption.
Extension experience (ebrahim mohammed)
The document summarizes Ethiopia's agricultural extension efforts from 1953 to the present. It describes 3 phases: 1) 1953-1974 under the Imperial regime focusing on demonstration and training, 2) 1974-1991 under military rule expanding minimum package programs, and 3) post-1991 under the current government adopting a participatory approach called PADETES. Key aspects included establishing agricultural colleges, deploying development agents, introducing improved practices, expanding farmer participation, and increasing crop yields through new extension strategies.
Similar to attachment.doc (20)
Liberalization, growth and regional disparities in india
Liberalization, growth and regional disparities in india
Lessons from agricultural policies and programmes in nigeria
Lessons from agricultural policies and programmes in nigeria
Lessons from agricultural policies and programmes in nigeria
Lessons from agricultural policies and programmes in nigeria
chapter 1 Economic Antroplogy, Concept, apparoachs and measures.ppt
chapter 1 Economic Antroplogy, Concept, apparoachs and measures.ppt
Research program - Markets, Institutions and Policies -Insights from the Vill...
Research program - Markets, Institutions and Policies -Insights from the Vill...
Ethiopia Strategy Support Program-II Presentation (ESSP-II)
Ethiopia Strategy Support Program-II Presentation (ESSP-II)
Macro-Policy, Agricultural Growth and Poverty Reduction in Ethiopia: Maintai...
Macro-Policy, Agricultural Growth and Poverty Reduction in Ethiopia: Maintai...
structural transformation in Ethiopia: Enhancing the transition from Agrarian...
structural transformation in Ethiopia: Enhancing the transition from Agrarian...
Historical Perspectives of agricultural extension and Research- Extension- Fa...
Historical Perspectives of agricultural extension and Research- Extension- Fa...
Economic policies of different philippine presidents
Economic policies of different philippine presidents
Recently uploaded
How Non-Banking Financial Companies Empower Startups With Venture Debt Financing
How Non-Banking Financial Companies Empower Startups With Venture Debt Financing
5 Tips for Creating Standard Financial Reports
Well-crafted financial reports serve as vital tools for decision-making and transparency within an organization. By following the undermentioned tips, you can create standardized financial reports that effectively communicate your company's financial health and performance to stakeholders.
Eco-Innovations and Firm Heterogeneity. Evidence from Italian Family and Nonf...
Eco-Innovations and Firm Heterogeneity. Evidence from Italian Family and Nonf...University of Calabria
The study analyzes differences and primary drivers of green performance between family firms and non-family firms
Pensions and housing - Pensions PlayPen - 4 June 2024 v3 (1).pdf
Wayhome's analysis of the UK market and how pension schemes can help solve the problems it presents younger people
Bridging the gap: Online job postings, survey data and the assessment of job ...
Bridging the gap: Online job postings, survey data and the assessment of job ...Labour Market Information Council | Conseil de l’information sur le marché du travail
OJP data from firms like Vicinity Jobs have emerged as a complement to traditional sources of labour demand data, such as the Job Vacancy and Wages Survey (JVWS). Ibrahim Abuallail, PhD Candidate, University of Ottawa, presented research relating to bias in OJPs and a proposed approach to effectively adjust OJP data to complement existing official data (such as from the JVWS) and improve the measurement of labour demand.1.2 Business Ideas Business Ideas Busine
Business Ideas PowerpointBusiness Ideas PowerpointBusiness Ideas PowerpointBusiness Ideas PowerpointBusiness Ideas PowerpointBusiness Ideas PowerpointBusiness Ideas PowerpointBusiness Ideas PowerpointBusiness Ideas PowerpointBusiness Ideas PowerpointBusiness Ideas PowerpointBusiness Ideas PowerpointBusiness Ideas PowerpointBusiness Ideas PowerpointBusiness Ideas Powerpoint
Does teamwork really matter? Looking beyond the job posting to understand lab...
Does teamwork really matter? Looking beyond the job posting to understand lab...Labour Market Information Council | Conseil de l’information sur le marché du travail
Vicinity Jobs’ data includes more than three million 2023 OJPs and thousands of skills. Most skills appear in less than 0.02% of job postings, so most postings rely on a small subset of commonly used terms, like teamwork.
Laura Adkins-Hackett, Economist, LMIC, and Sukriti Trehan, Data Scientist, LMIC, presented their research exploring trends in the skills listed in OJPs to develop a deeper understanding of in-demand skills. This research project uses pointwise mutual information and other methods to extract more information about common skills from the relationships between skills, occupations and regions.STREETONOMICS: Exploring the Uncharted Territories of Informal Markets throug...
Delve into the world of STREETONOMICS, where a team of 7 enthusiasts embarks on a journey to understand unorganized markets. By engaging with a coffee street vendor and crafting questionnaires, this project uncovers valuable insights into consumer behavior and market dynamics in informal settings."
What's a worker’s market? Job quality and labour market tightness
What's a worker’s market? Job quality and labour market tightnessLabour Market Information Council | Conseil de l’information sur le marché du travail
In a tight labour market, job-seekers gain bargaining power and leverage it into greater job quality—at least, that’s the conventional wisdom.
Michael, LMIC Economist, presented findings that reveal a weakened relationship between labour market tightness and job quality indicators following the pandemic. Labour market tightness coincided with growth in real wages for only a portion of workers: those in low-wage jobs requiring little education. Several factors—including labour market composition, worker and employer behaviour, and labour market practices—have contributed to the absence of worker benefits. These will be investigated further in future work.一比一原版(UoB毕业证)伯明翰大学毕业证如何办理
UoB本科学位证成绩单【微信95270640】伯明翰大学没毕业>办理伯明翰大学毕业证成绩单【微信UoB】UoB毕业证成绩单UoB学历证书UoB文凭《UoB毕业套号文凭网认证伯明翰大学毕业证成绩单》《哪里买伯明翰大学毕业证文凭UoB成绩学校快递邮寄信封》《开版伯明翰大学文凭》UoB留信认证本科硕士学历认证
如果您是以下情况，我们都能竭诚为您解决实际问题：【公司采用定金+余款的付款流程，以最大化保障您的利益，让您放心无忧】
1、在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业，拿不到官方毕业证+微信95270640
2、面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到伯明翰大学伯明翰大学硕士毕业证成绩单；
3、不清楚流程以及材料该如何准备伯明翰大学伯明翰大学硕士毕业证成绩单；
4、回国时间很长，忘记办理；
5、回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
6、企事业单位必须要求办理的；
面向美国乔治城大学毕业留学生提供以下服务:
【★伯明翰大学伯明翰大学硕士毕业证成绩单毕业证、成绩单等全套材料，从防伪到印刷，从水印到钢印烫金，与学校100%相同】
【★真实使馆认证（留学人员回国证明），使馆存档可通过大使馆查询确认】
【★真实教育部认证，教育部存档，教育部留服网站可查】
【★真实留信认证，留信网入库存档，可查伯明翰大学伯明翰大学硕士毕业证成绩单】
我们从事工作十余年的有着丰富经验的业务顾问，熟悉海外各国大学的学制及教育体系，并且以挂科生解决毕业材料不全问题为基础，为客户量身定制1对1方案，未能毕业的回国留学生成功搭建回国顺利发展所需的桥梁。我们一直努力以高品质的教育为起点，以诚信、专业、高效、创新作为一切的行动宗旨，始终把“诚信为主、质量为本、客户第一”作为我们全部工作的出发点和归宿点。同时为海内外留学生提供大学毕业证购买、补办成绩单及各类分数修改等服务；归国认证方面，提供《留信网入库》申请、《国外学历学位认证》申请以及真实学籍办理等服务，帮助众多莘莘学子实现了一个又一个梦想。
专业服务，请勿犹豫联系我
如果您真实毕业回国，对于学历认证无从下手，请联系我，我们免费帮您递交
诚招代理：本公司诚聘当地代理人员，如果你有业余时间，或者你有同学朋友需要，有兴趣就请联系我
你赢我赢，共创双赢
你做代理，可以帮助伯明翰大学同学朋友
你做代理，可以拯救伯明翰大学失足青年
你做代理，可以挽救伯明翰大学一个个人才
你做代理，你将是别人人生伯明翰大学的转折点
你做代理，可以改变自己，改变他人，给他人和自己一个机会大块就啃啃得满嘴满脸猴屁股般的红艳大家一个劲地指着对方吃吃地笑瓜裂得古怪奇形怪状却丝毫不影响瓜味甜丝丝的满嘴生津遍地都是瓜横七竖八的活像掷满了一地的大石块摘走二三只爷爷是断然发现不了的即便发现爷爷也不恼反而教山娃辨认孰熟孰嫩孰甜孰淡名义上是护瓜往往在瓜棚里坐上一刻饱吃一顿后山娃就领着阿黑漫山遍野地跑阿黑是一条黑色的大猎狗挺机灵的是山娃多年的忠实伙伴平时山娃上学阿黑也摇头晃脑地跟去暑假用不着上学阿钩
An Overview of the Prosocial dHEDGE Vault works
How the prosocial dHEDGE earns you money while saving the world!
2. Elemental Economics - Mineral demand.pdf
After this second you should be able to: Explain the main determinants of demand for any mineral product, and their relative importance; recognise and explain how demand for any product is likely to change with economic activity; recognise and explain the roles of technology and relative prices in influencing demand; be able to explain the differences between the rates of growth of demand for different products.
1：1制作加拿大麦吉尔大学毕业证硕士学历证书原版一模一样
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【加拿大麦吉尔大学毕业证硕士学历证书】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Earn a passive income with prosocial investing
Invest in prosocial funds that earn you an income while improving the world
Tdasx: Unveiling the Trillion-Dollar Potential of Bitcoin DeFi
Tdasx: Unveiling the Trillion-Dollar Potential of Bitcoin DeFi
falcon-invoice-discounting-a-premier-investment-platform-for-superior-returns...
falcon-invoice-discounting-a-premier-investment-platform-for-superior-returns...Falcon Invoice Discounting
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.在线办理(GU毕业证书)美国贡萨加大学毕业证学历证书一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(GU毕业证书)美国贡萨加大学毕业证学历证书》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Recently uploaded (20)
How Non-Banking Financial Companies Empower Startups With Venture Debt Financing
How Non-Banking Financial Companies Empower Startups With Venture Debt Financing
Eco-Innovations and Firm Heterogeneity. Evidence from Italian Family and Nonf...
Eco-Innovations and Firm Heterogeneity. Evidence from Italian Family and Nonf...
Pensions and housing - Pensions PlayPen - 4 June 2024 v3 (1).pdf
Pensions and housing - Pensions PlayPen - 4 June 2024 v3 (1).pdf
Bridging the gap: Online job postings, survey data and the assessment of job ...
Bridging the gap: Online job postings, survey data and the assessment of job ...
Does teamwork really matter? Looking beyond the job posting to understand lab...
Does teamwork really matter? Looking beyond the job posting to understand lab...
STREETONOMICS: Exploring the Uncharted Territories of Informal Markets throug...
STREETONOMICS: Exploring the Uncharted Territories of Informal Markets throug...
What's a worker’s market? Job quality and labour market tightness
What's a worker’s market? Job quality and labour market tightness
Tdasx: Unveiling the Trillion-Dollar Potential of Bitcoin DeFi
Tdasx: Unveiling the Trillion-Dollar Potential of Bitcoin DeFi
falcon-invoice-discounting-a-premier-investment-platform-for-superior-returns...
falcon-invoice-discounting-a-premier-investment-platform-for-superior-returns...
Tumelo-deep-dive-into-pass-through-voting-Feb23 (1).pdf
Tumelo-deep-dive-into-pass-through-voting-Feb23 (1).pdf
attachment.doc
- 1. Rural Development Assignment 1. Review the different rural and agricultural development policies and strategies of Ethiopia (under Imperial, Dergue, EPRDF regime and prosperity party (PP)). (GROUP 3) 1. Ethiopia has implemented various rural and agricultural development policies and strategies under different regimes. Here is an overview of the policies and strategies pursued during the Imperial, Dergue, Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF), and Prosperity Party (PP) periods: 1. Imperial Regime (1930-1974): - The Imperial regime focused on modernizing agriculture through large-scale state-led initiatives. - The "Ethiopian Rural Development Program" aimed to improve agricultural productivity by introducing modern farming techniques, irrigation systems, and mechanization. - Land reform policies were implemented to redistribute land to smallholder farmers, but the impact was limited. 2. Dergue Regime (1974-1991): - The Dergue regime pursued a socialist approach to rural and agricultural development. - The "Land to the Tiller" policy aimed to redistribute land to peasants, with the state controlling agricultural production and marketing. - Collective farming and cooperatives were promoted, but they faced challenges due to lack of incentives and poor management. 3. Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) Regime (1991-2018): - The EPRDF regime introduced the "Agricultural Development-Led Industrialization" strategy. - The focus was on smallholder farmers and promoting sustainable agriculture. - The "Agricultural Extension System" aimed to provide farmers with technical support, training, and access to improved seeds and fertilizers. - The "Rural Land Certification Program" aimed to secure land tenure rights for farmers and encourage investment in agriculture. 4. Prosperity Party (PP) (2018-present): - The PP government has continued the focus on agricultural development.
- 2. - The "Agricultural Commercialization Clusters" initiative aims to promote agribusiness and value chain development. - The "Productive Safety Net Program" provides social protection and support to vulnerable rural households. - The "Ethiopian Agricultural Transformation Agency" was established to drive agricultural innovation and technology adoption. It is important to note that the effectiveness and outcomes of these policies and strategies have varied, and their impact on rural and agricultural development in Ethiopia has been influenced by factors such as political stability, resource availability, implementation capacity, and external factors like climate change and global markets.