Attachment_0 (1).pdf

Project title: COGNITUS ‐ Converging broadcast and user generated content for interactive ultra‐high definition services
Duration:   1 January 2016 ‐ 31 December 2018

Disclaimer: This document reflects only the author's view and the
European Commission is not responsible for any use that may be
made of the information it contains. This material is the copyright of
COGNITUS consortium parties, and may not be reproduced or
copied without permission. The commercial use of any information
contained in this document may require a license from the
proprietor of that information.

This project has received
funding from the European
Union’s Horizon 2020
research and innovation
programme under grant
agreement No 687605.

WP1: Requirements Analysis
Task 1.2, Task 1.3

D1.1: Report on user requirements and analysis
(first version)

Lead beneficiary: UNL

Delivery date: December 2016

Dissemination level: Public
Ref. Ares(2016)7200678 - 30/12/2016

D1.1: Report on user requirements and analysis (first version)


H2020‐ICT‐2015 Project 687605 ‘COGNITUS’ 2
Document status
Document lead João Magalhaes (UNL)
Internal reviewers Ioannis Markopoulos (FNET)
Matteo Naccari (BBC)
Type Report
Work package WP1: Requirement analysis
Tasks T1.2: Application requirements elicitation
T1.3: Users‐driven requirements analysis
Deliverable number and title D1.1: Report on user requirements and analysis (first version)
Due date M12 (December 2016)
Delivery date 30 December 2016
Distribution COGNITUS consortium, European Commission

Document history
Versions v0.1 UNL, 2/08/2016, initial proposal of a table of content
v0.2 FORTH, 22/08/2016, requirement analysis
v0.3 All, 4/10/2016, revision table of contents and reporting tables
v0.4 VitFR,VitDE, 21/11/2016, requirements from market analysis
v0.4 PACE 18/11/2016, conditions at partner organisations
v0.4 FNET 25/11/2016, conditions at partner organisations
v0.4 BBC 25/11/2016, conditions at partner organisations
v0.4 FORTH, 25/11/2016, revision of requirement analysis
v0.5 UNL, 25/11/2016, functional requirements
v0.6 FORTH 27/11/2016, links between requirement analysis and
functional requirements
v0.7 UNL 1/12/2016, update of functional requirements
v0.8 UNL 2/12/2016 change of template
v1.0 UNL, 03/12/2016, for internal review
v1.1 UNL, 21/12/2016, first internal review amendments
v1.5 UNL, 28/12/2016, version for the consortium's approval
v1.6 QMUL, 28/12/2016, check by QM
v2.0 UNL, 29/12/2016, final version for submission to EC
Contributions UNL; Joao Magalhaes; Editor, Sections 1, 5 and 6
FORTH; George Margetis; Section 4
BBC; Michael Evans; Section 2.2
BBC; Rajitha Weerakkody; Section 2.2
FNET; Stelios Louloudakis; Section 2.1.1.1
FNET; Ioannis Markopoulos; Section 2.1.1.1
VitDE; Frank Benson; Section 3
VitFR; Didier Nicholson; Section 3
PACE / ARRIS; Issa Rakhodai; Section 2.1.1.2



Project partners
Logo Partner Country Short
name

BRITISH BROADCASTING
CORPORATION
UK BBC

ELLINIKI ETAIRIA TILEPIKOINONION KAI
TILEMATIKON EFARMOGON AE
Greece FNET

QUEEN MARY UNIVERSITY OF LONDON UK QMUL

NOVA ID FCT ‐ ASSOCIACAO PARA A
INOVACAO E DESENVOLVIMENTO DA
FCT (*)

Portugal UNL

SA VITEC France VitFR

VITEC GMBH Germany VitDE

FOUNDATION FOR RESEARCH AND
TECHNOLOGY HELLAS
Greece FORTH

PACE (**)
France PACE /
ARRIS

(*)
Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa is a subsidiary of the project
partner NOVA.ID.FCT and is contributing to the implementation of the project as a third party.
(**)
The project partner Pace France is a wholly owned subsidiary of ARRIS International PLC.

Project website
http://www.cognitus‐h2020.eu



List of abbreviations
Abbreviation Definition
AAC Advanced Audio Coding
AC3 Audio Codec 3
AMWA Advanced Media Workflow Association
API Application Programming Interface
ATH Hellenic Telecommunications Organization
BSS Broadcasting Satellite Service
CMS Content Management System
DoA Description of the Action
DTH Direct To Home
DTT Digital Terrestrial TV
DVB Digital Video Broadcasting
EPG Electronic Programming Guide
FEC Forward Error Correction
FTTH Fiber To The Home
GPS Global Positioning System
H.264/AVC Advanced Video Coding
H.265/HEVC High Efficiency Video Coding
HDMI High‐Definition Multimedia Interface
HbbTV Hybrid broadcast broadband TV
HD High Definition
HDR High Dynamic Range
HLG Hybrid Log‐Gamma



HTML Hyper Text Markup Language
HTTP Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
IP Internet Protocol
IPR Intellectual Property Rights
IPTV Internet Protocol TV
JSON JavaScript Object Notation
MAM Media Asset Manager
MPEG‐DASH Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP
NMOS Networked Media Open Specifications
OS Operating System
OTT Over The Top
QoE Quality of Experience
RAM Random Access Memory
RID Request Identifier
RT Re‐tweet
SDI Serial Data Interface
SOAP Simple Object Access Protocol
STB Set‐Top Box
TCP/IP Transport Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
TV Television
UC1 Use Case 1
UC2 Use Case 2
UGC User Generated Content
UHD Ultra High Definition



URL Unified Resource Locator
USB Universal Serial Bus
VoD Video on Demand
VR Virtual Reality



Executive summary
The goal of this deliverable is to identify user requirements and define the specifications of the
COGNITUS system. The inputs for the requirement analysis are the use case scenarios, the market
analysis and the conditions at the partner organisations.
The first major outcome of this deliverable is a set of consolidated requirements, which are
presented in a systematic way. This deliverable concludes with the second major outcome, the
functional and non‐functional requirements specification, which will guide the work in the
implementation Work Packages.



Table of contents
Project partners ...................................................................................................................................... 3
List of abbreviations ................................................................................................................................ 4
Executive summary ................................................................................................................................. 7
Table of contents ..................................................................................................................................... 8
1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 10
1.1 Purpose and scope of this deliverable .................................................................................. 11
1.2 Structure of this deliverable .................................................................................................. 12
2 Conditions at the user partner organisations ............................................................................... 13
2.1 Use case 1: FNET ................................................................................................................... 13
2.1.1 Infrastructure ................................................................................................................ 13
2.1.1.1 Forthnet production and broadcasting infrastructure .............................................. 13
2.1.1.2 PACE / ARRIS driven elements
................................................................................... 16
2.1.2 Clients, users, audience ................................................................................................ 17
2.1.3 End‐user interaction with COGNITUS platform ............................................................ 18
2.2 Use case 2: BBC ..................................................................................................................... 19
2.2.1 BBC Activities in scope .................................................................................................. 19
2.2.2 Relevant production processes and activity ................................................................. 20
2.2.3 User generated video / contributor video .................................................................... 21
3 COGNITUS market trends requirements analysis ......................................................................... 23
4 COGNITUS system requirements analysis ..................................................................................... 28
4.1 Motivations ........................................................................................................................... 30
4.1.1 Recording live videos .................................................................................................... 30
4.1.2 Most‐relevant types of events for using UGC ............................................................... 34
4.2 User generated content ........................................................................................................ 37
4.3 System features ..................................................................................................................... 42
4.3.1 UGC acquisition process
................................................................................................ 43
4.3.2 Content management by end‐users ............................................................................. 47
4.3.3 Content consumption by end‐users
.............................................................................. 51
4.3.4 Content management by professionals and plot authoring ......................................... 56
4.3.5 Interoperability ............................................................................................................. 61
4.3.6 Other ............................................................................................................................. 63



4.4 Ethical considerations ........................................................................................................... 64
4.5 Rewards for UGC uploading .................................................................................................. 66
4.6 Advantages for using UGC ..................................................................................................... 72
4.7 Barriers to overcome
............................................................................................................. 78
5 COGNITUS system requirements specification ............................................................................. 89
5.1 Functional requirements ....................................................................................................... 90
5.1.1 Content acquisition (WP2) ............................................................................................ 91
5.1.2 Content creation and enrichment (WP3)
...................................................................... 97
5.1.3 Media adaptation (WP4) ............................................................................................. 102
5.1.4 System integration (WP5) ........................................................................................... 107
5.2 System quality requirements .............................................................................................. 117
5.3 Data requirements .............................................................................................................. 117
5.3.1 Domain data ................................................................................................................ 118
5.3.1.1 User data ................................................................................................................. 118
5.3.1.2 Event data ............................................................................................................... 118
5.3.1.3 Content and metadata ............................................................................................ 119
5.3.2 Automated workflows data ........................................................................................ 121
5.3.2.1 Quality assessment ................................................................................................. 121
5.3.2.2 Automated quality enhancement ........................................................................... 121
5.3.2.3 Metadata enrichment data schema ........................................................................ 121
5.3.3 User guided workflows data ....................................................................................... 123
5.3.3.1 Content acquisition reward cycle ............................................................................ 123
5.3.3.2 Event‐plot cycle ....................................................................................................... 123
5.3.3.3 QoE enhancement .................................................................................................. 123
5.3.3.4 Professional content authoring ............................................................................... 124
5.4 Constraints .......................................................................................................................... 124
5.4.1 User ............................................................................................................................. 124
5.4.2 Content and metadata ................................................................................................ 124
5.4.3 Event constraints ........................................................................................................ 125
5.4.4 System ......................................................................................................................... 125
5.4.5 Software licenses and content copyright
.................................................................... 125
6 Conclusions and plans for final version ....................................................................................... 126
7 References ................................................................................................................................... 127




1 Introduction
Recent scientific advances in Ultra High Definition (UHD) broadcasting and mobile social media
sharing coupled together with over thirty years of research and development in multimedia systems
technology mean that the time is now ripe for integrating research outputs towards solutions that
support high quality, user sourced, on demand media to enrich the conventional broadcasting
experience. The project aims at developing an effective media creation service combining User‐
Generated Content (UGC) and professional content that will allow content production companies to
combine the best of their traditional approaches with the power of social creativity. This will be
achieved by utilising the vast potential and diverse views of mass crowds in order to create scalable
solutions with professional outcomes at low cost. The main question COGNITUS endeavours to
answer is how to produce interactive UHD media plots from a combination of historical professional
High Definition (HD) (i.e., lower resolution) and user generated content (various quality), and adapt
the content to offer scalable media delivery services with good Quality of Experience (QoE)? To
answer this question COGNITUS innovation strategy addresses the following fundamental aspects of
confluent UHD and UGC media processing:
 Systematic, effective reward schemes for submitted user generated content
 Production of UHD content from a large variety of low quality media
 Interactive non‐linear event plotting
 Content adaptation and Quality of Experience for interactive UHD media delivery
These four innovation pillars form the backbone for the ecosystem envisaged in the realisation of the
COGNITUS concept. This ecosystem includes the technical implementations of these four innovation
pillars, as well as a full set of definitions of service schemes, observations and solutions for ethics,
privacy and legal issues, and market analysis followed by appropriate business models.
The main objective of COGNITUS is to integrate technologies that support the generation of
interactive UHD media, as it has been described in the COGNITUS Description of the Action (DoA), by
harvesting the full potential of available professional High‐Definition (HD) content and UGC while
providing a proof of concept to cement the viability of interactive UHD content production and
exploitation. This proof of concept will be realised by means of use case demonstrators of converging
broadcast and user generated content for interactive UHD services at large scale events. In this way
the traditional one‐direction broadcasting from broadcasters to audiences will evolve into
bi‐directional broadcasting where users are engaged in the broadcasting chain as active content
creators. The COGNITUS proof of concept will be realised by means of use case demonstrators of
converging broadcast and user generated content for interactive UHD services at large scale events.



1.1 Purpose and scope of this deliverable
The Work Package 1 goals are to identify the requirements and define the specifications of the
COGNITUS system. In the context of WP1, this deliverable outlines the implementation directions for
the subsequent development work in the respective WPs and tasks.
In the scope of this deliverable, the currently used technologies and conditions that will have an
impact on the field trials were examined. Next, a wide range of technologies relevant to COGNITUS
were examined, to make sure that development of COGNITUS technologies complies with the user
expectations and requirements and to further guarantee that developments meet a clear market
need.
To identify the requirements, a three phases process was followed, illustrated in Figure 1. In the first
phase, user studies with focus groups, market trend analysis and the analysis of the particular
conditions at the participating user partner organisations, were the pillars to identify a first version of
a consolidated set of requirements.

Figure 1: WP1 Requirement analysis and specification phases implemented during Year 1.

In the second phase, the user requirements were extracted and presented in a consolidated manner.
Next, in the third phase, the functional requirements of the system were defined in a way to fully
serve the application scenarios that have been defined in T1.1 (Scenarios and use case definitions)
[1]. A comprehensive set of requirements has been made available in Month 12 (M12) and serves as
basis for the test bed architecture design. Moreover, the user‐driven requirement analysis will
continue until M18 to ensure an iterative user‐centric design.



1.2 Structure of this deliverable
This deliverable is organised as follows:
 Section 2, Conditions at user partner organisations, identifies and lists the conditions that
are related to the field trials of the COGNITUS technology.
 Section 3, Market trends requirements analysis, presents the requirements that will let
COGNITUS to place as a market innovator.
 Section 4, System requirement analysis, presents a systematic analysis and identification of
the COGNITUS requirements.
 Section 5, System requirement specifications, presents the functional and non‐functional
requirement specifications.



2 Conditions at the user partner organisations
This section identifies and lists the conditions at the partner organisations that are related to the
field trials of the COGNITUS technology. The conditions highlighted in this section will serve as input
to the requirement analysis in Section 4 and requirement specification in Section 5.
2.1 Use case 1: FNET
As an increasing number of people record more and more video footage whilst in the audience at
sports stadia, the value represented by this mass collection of footage is significantly rising. A key
mechanism for realising the value of such footage is by incorporating it into professional video feeds
as part of the coverage of the event. The general effect is to radically increase the effective number
of camera operators present, providing many additional potential shots and camera angles, as well as
the associated audio content. In addition, encouraging people to share their video and incorporating
their footage in the coverage increases engagement of those audience members both with the live
event and with the broadcaster. The ability of broadcasters to make use of crowd sourced material,
and the ability of people to provide it, is a function of the quality at which members of the public are
able to collect video content and to contribute it. COGNITUS platform will be used as an advanced
collaborative content delivery platform allowing interactivity, using the available media content along
with enhancements from the end‐user, aiming to propose advanced social and ’dialogue’ based
services between the company and the public or subscribers, thus increasing loyalty, interest and of
course revenues.
The use case 1 deployed under the corresponding technical task will enable sports fans present at
the sport event to enhance the generated content acquired throughout the duration of that event,
by uploading their personal videos and comments (following an authentication process) to a private
server. This UGC will be uploaded to a production facility for further processing and ethical check,
prior to the final approval for the distribution of the audio‐visual feeds to the end‐users. Users’
personal mobile devices can be used to capture video, provide comments and upload this UGC, in
order to enhance the standard content that is produced by the media providers. This UCG will be
uploaded to a production facility for further processing and ethical control, prior to the final approval
of the distribution of the audio‐visual feeds to the end‐users. The purpose of the use case 1 field trial
deployment is to test the operational features of the platform, in terms of functionality and
communication, easy content browsing, navigation, editing, annotation, sound quality and plot
production.
2.1.1 Infrastructure
2.1.1.1 Forthnet production and broadcasting infrastructure
In order for use case 1 to be properly deployed in the field trial, existing Forthnet infrastructure will
have to be used and integrated with the COGNITUS platform, for properly testing and evaluating the
operational functionality and interaction of the platform. Within the use case 1 framework, it is
envisaged that the main Forthnet professional production of sports events will be combined with the



UGC provided through the COGNITUS application; especially regarding the Set‐Top‐Box (STB) based
application. In this section, a brief description of the respective Forthnet infrastructure is provided,
referring to the entire process from the professional production to broadcasting, and to the final
subscriber. The technical infrastructure of the company can cover all the needs varying from
gathering the primary audio‐visual events, to content hosting, processing and finally the presentation
of produced material in any kind of screen and device selected by the subscriber.
Since the start of its activities, Forthnet has always considered the upgrade and development of its
technological infrastructure a key point. The support and development of this infrastructure helps
drastically in increasing productivity and competitiveness, while at the same time providing the
flexibility necessary to adapt to a rapidly changing market. Thanks to Forthnet’s know‐how of pay TV
services and support of the platforms, strategic investments in key technological areas were made.
The main technical areas that stand out from Forthnet’s PayTV services are: hosting and processing
of content, content production and finally, just before the broadcasting to the end‐users, encoding
and encryption, necessary for its proper appearance and protection. Nowadays Forthnet’s platform is
one of the most secure. All of the departments are certified, following international standards of
corresponding organisations, in the production and broadcasting of pay TV services. Forthnet’s
broadcasting pipeline may be described as follows:
 Satellite transmission signal: In general, the television signal transmission system follows
the usual architecture of broadcasting sport events through satellite. The block diagram of
the satellite transmission and reception television system for live sporting events is
presented, in a brief form, in Figure 2.
 Encoding: The picture transmitted from sport events in high‐definition format with HD 1080i
H.264/AVC standard and the related audio are received at the central Forthnet premises via
optic fiber and in SDI (serial digital interface) format. The audio signals are processed in the
Master control, in order to be encoded in the AC3 format. Following the encoding process,
these signals pass through a central multiplexer, entering the final encoder, which takes
control of coding and subsequent digital signal compression, either autonomously or
together with the audio in AC3 format. As mentioned before, the video standard used to
compress the video is H.264/AVC. The supported audio formats are AC3 and MPEG‐L2
(stereo). For this process, the system of coding was developed so that it can support up to 3
different sound modules. The stream generated by the encoder, contains the preferred
video and audio streams.
 Quality Control: This process verifies the quality of all movies and external productions like
live sport matches and is equipped with special devices of error recognition in both picture
and sound. Within the COGNITUS framework, the corresponding quality control department
of Forthnet will also be responsible for the ethical screening of the UGC videos, uploaded by
the end‐users to the COGNITUS platform. By viewing the UGC videos and checking for
inappropriate content, the staff of the quality control department will be responsible for
rejecting or approving each of the uploaded UGC for public viewing.




Figure 2: Example of transmission and reception of a satellite signal.
 Multiplexing: This process is related to the digital compression of the programs hosted or
produced by the platform. These programs are encoded and compressed with the MPEG‐2
or MPEG‐4 system standards part. Then, they are transported to the multiplexer that adds
all the signals and makes them available for broadcast transponding. There are four
transponders in total, feeding the subscribers and four respective multiplexing systems.
More specifically, the signals that are to be displayed for transponding are led to a range of
encoders that are controlled by the central multiplexing unit. In this unit, the available signal
multiplexing spectrum is defined and, depending on the priorities posed, the multiplexer
operates by checking the encoders and statistically multiplexes the signal. The result of this
process is to have a digital output stream multiplexed according to the DVB standard and
ready to be encrypted. This stream contains 12 to 18 available programs, as well as
information on the Electronic Program Guide (EPG), information relating to the DVB
standard and general information for the management of the programs by the proprietary
STB.
 Encrypting: This process is responsible for the security of the content. In practice and right
after the multiplexing, this section undertakes to encrypt the signal, so that it can be
decoded only by the approved smart cards (CA smartcards), in combination with the serial
number of the specific decoder and one specific smartcard. To encrypt and decode the radio
and TV programs of its PayTV platform, the company uses the conditional access/encryption
system of the "IRDETO BV” company. Irdeto is one of the leading providers of encryption
systems on a global scale. Like all the major providers of conditional access systems
worldwide, Irdeto also have developed and implemented the Secure Silicon technology,



which has been integrated into a wide range of STBs. Secure Silicon technology is also
integrated into the access card which, in combination with the compatible decoder, provides
a secure channel for conveying and communicating the encryption keys. This secure
mechanism has been developed to combat piracy, mainly via the Card Sharing method. The
platform uses the above security technology in the STBs and access cards it distributes in the
market.
 Modulation: The final stream which follows the output of the scrambler enters the
modulator in order to follow the uplink path to the satellite. There are many added
parameters, mainly concerning the future signal protection and the generation of ideal
reception conditions, such as Forward Error Correction (FEC), which protects the signal from
interference deterioration, poor signal reception conditions and potential environmental
noise. FEC allows the receiver to detect a specific number of errors that are present in the
signal and corrects them if these errors do not exceed the correction power of the used
channel codes. The latest technology developed for satellite transmissions is called
“adaptive modulation” where the modulator monitors the weather conditions and through
dedicated software, it modifies specific parameters automatically, in order to achieve the
best signal‐to‐noise‐ratio given the error correction conditions.
 Up link: Following the modulator, the signal stream, after its multiplexing and encryption, is
led for broadcast to transponders of the Hotbird satellite at 13° East. Four transponders with
full back up (1+1) are used for the programs of the platform, which, together with another
108 transponders, make up a TV multi‐channel bouquet. These transponders are fed by
three broadcast stations, authorized by the National Telecommunications and Post
Commission, namely ATH 14, ATH 15 and ATH 17. The satellite receives the signal and
transmits a frequency that is predetermined for terrestrial reception in protected
Broadcasting Satellite Service (BSS) band. Following the uplink, the subscriber, via his STB,
will be able to tune in and receive programs from the Forthnet transponders, combined with
the COGNITUS application.
2.1.1.2 PACE / ARRIS driven elements
The PACE / ARRIS STB foreseen for COGNITUS is a high‐end platform. This STB was chosen because it
can support the COGNITUS applications. The main hardware specifications are:
 Broadcom 7251S System‐On‐Chip
 Video codecs: UHD H.265/HEVC, H264/AVC, MPEG2
 Audio codecs: MPEG4 AAC, MPEG1L2, MP3, etc
 Dual‐video decode
 Hardware‐accelerated decryption engine1

1
Integration of a Conditional Access or DRM encryption requires specific agreement with the technology
solution supplier.



 2GB RAM
 256MB Flash
 USB 3.0
 HDMI 2.0
 Ethernet 10/100/1000 Gbps
 RF4CE for remote control
 Broadcast tuner
 IP tuner
Its main software specifications are:
 Linux OS with TCP/IP network support
 Embedded live TV Broadcast channel navigation User Experience
 HTML5 Web browser with JavaScript APIs to execute OTT interactive Applications (e.g.:
COGNITUS‐developed applications)
 Manager of OTT interactive Applications lifecycle
 Media Player to control playback of OTT content (e.g. UGC content) streamed in MPEG DASH
or HTTP
 Manager for resource sharing between live TV and OTT interactive Applications contexts
(e.g.: for Picture in Picture)
 Interactivity with Tablet and Mobile devices performed through Server platform
2.1.2 Clients, users, audience
Forthnet is the largest alternative operator that provides broadband and pay TV services in Greece
with more than 1,15 Million subscriptions (as of Q4, 2014). Forthnet S.A, is active in the fields of
telecommunications and PayTV services. Using state‐of‐the‐art technologies and fully exploiting its
knowhow, Forthnet offers a set of individual or bundled fixed telephony, broadband internet and
TV‐content services (primarily Direct To Home (DTH) and recently OTT), to customers, enterprises
and public bodies throughout Greece. Today, the company that brought internet and satellite TV
services to Greece, has a chain of 132 shops in more than 60 cities all over the country.
As it was also described in D1.2 (Use case scenario specifications), consumers of Forthnet services
are the primary beneficiaries of the COGNITUS platform, as the project framework is intended to
provide high‐end functionalities to the end‐users of Forthnet services. Forthnet will also benefit from
the project’s outcomes, since the enhanced UGC services along with the ease of use of the platform,
will attract new consumers and diversify the market position for both companies, while increasing



the trusting levels of existing ones, since the platform also refers to all kinds of end‐users,
independent of age or computer related background knowledge. The consumers are also the
potential UGC contributors of the platform.
Forthnet, as an industrial partner, will act as a use case operator in the project, organising a test bed
for the sports‐based use case. The use case application deployment will consist of both technical
set‐up activities and the proper deployment of the tests. Through this test bed, Forthnet will benefit
the project providing access to a pool of real subscribers, in order to evaluate the developments and
present valuable feedback. The goal of such an endeavour is to enhance user experience and
promote end‐users as active players in the content generation process. That will lead to the
provisioning of an alternative, innovative model of content provisioning, in order to capitalise on the
participative content generation trend aiming towards generating richer and interactive content.
2.1.3 End‐user interaction with COGNITUS platform
The extended technological research throughout the duration of the COGNITUS project, along with
the expected outcomes of the project will provide Forthnet with the ability to increase customer
experience and differentiate in its market. Such services and the related applications with not only
target home content consumers via the STB or a companion device e.g. tablet but it will aim at
increasing brand equity among event spectators.
Using the provided COGNITUS platform, users will be able to share their experience from the
surrounded environment at the place of the event. The information provided by the user is uploaded
to an on‐line cloud repository, in a form that complies with quality and ethics constraints that may
arise. The original content, along with the enhanced features and content added by the users, will be
delivered either in parallel to the main production or accessed via a personalised companion screen
(e.g. smart phone, tablet, etc.) using both satellite broadcast to the user’s TV STB as well as via
internet transmission to the user’s computer or mobile device. The envisaged services will be based
on near‐live user generated content that will be harmoniously blended with the commercial one, in
order to provide an enriched experience, to promote the personalisation of the provided services
and increase both customer value and loyalty.
The goal of such an endeavour is to enhance user experience and promote audience members as
active players in the content generation process. This will lead to the provisioning of an alternative,
innovative model of content provisioning, in order to capitalise on the participative content
generation trend aiming not only to generate richer and interactive content, while maintaining all
necessary production quality, but also to measure the acceptance of this value added service from
the users’ side.
The above will result in offering a richer, advanced and participative user experience, thus increasing
customers’ loyalty to the existing subscribers, while attracting new consumers basing their decision
not only on the price but also on the offered viewing quality. Such initiative will certainly have a
positive effect on the revenues since the market, due to extensive competition, tends to become a
commodity. The outcomes of the COGNITUS project which will comprise a unified platform, can be
embedded to the existing Forthnet infrastructure, in order to provide added value services to
customers, through their own contribution and participation to the service. In addition, the
envisaged community that will be created through the offered participative user generation content
services, will enable additional revenue streams e.g. through targeted advertising.



2.2 Use case 2: BBC
This section presents the conditions at the BBC, which sets the environment for the second use case
of the project.
2.2.1 BBC Activities in scope
More like being there
The BBC is a large media production organisation and makes use of a wide range of platforms and
services to bring content experiences to its audiences. For the COGNITUS project, the benefits to the
BBC’s activities by innovating in the area of converging professional and user‐generated video are
best described by use case 2; “More Like Being There”. Although the BBC delivers live coverage of a
wide range of events (such as breaking news, sport and concert performances), it also produces a
large amount of non‐live content from such material. Coverage of a music festival, for example,
would generally include production processes where a relatively large amount of video is shot,
ingested into post‐production systems, and then edited into video packages for inclusion as part of
programmes or other long form content.
Video platforms
For much of the life of the broadcasting industry, of course, the only platform for making video
content into a user experience for an audience was conventional broadcast television. Television
viewers, using terrestrial, satellite and cable technology, still form a large part of the BBC’s video
offering to audiences. Today, though, these are very significantly supplemented by non‐broadcast
platforms: these include the BBC iPlayer, a video‐on‐demand platform on web, mobile and
connected TV which is both catch‐up service for previously broadcast programmes and a repository
of non‐broadcast material, including short form. Video content produced by or for the BBC also
reaches audiences on some third‐party platforms, such as YouTube and Facebook. Periodically, the
BBC uses, for example, very large screens in public and civic spaces to turn video content into mass,
crowd experiences. These big screen experiences are generally used to bring the UK community
together for times of national celebration.
New content experiences
BBC Taster is an online platform for new and experimental content experiences. Taster gives the BBC
an opportunity to present highly distinctive material to audiences and get feedback. Often these
experiences are video based: for example, Taster is often the home of 360° video or Virtual Reality
(VR) content. Recent prototypes of new content experiences with video developed by BBC R&D, in
addition to VR, have included perceptive media and object‐based experiences that adapt to each
user’s requirements, device or context‐of‐use, as well as venue explorer, in which users can literally
explore the different areas and elements of a very large, very high‐resolution panoramic video.
Overall, the ways in which BBC production teams can make use of video material in engaging and
inventive way is continuing to increase rapidly.



2.2.2 Relevant production processes and activity
Traditional workflow
In the BBC, for any given audience platform such as TV on online video, video footage is prepared
and packaged using industry standard video editing and management tools. These include Adobe
Premiere, Apple Final Cut Pro and Avid Media Composer. Additional tools for preparing captions,
graphics and animations are also used to help create professional video packages for delivery to
audiences. It is important to note that, across its platforms, the BBC is committed to commissioning a
very significant proportion of its content from the independent sector: commercial companies
outside the BBC’s in‐house production capacity.
Production using internet protocols (IP)
Moving beyond established video production workflow that can be readily accomplished with a
marketplace of standard commercial tools, the BBC is heavily involved in large‐scale collaborative
research and development work into the future of video production. In particular, BBC R&D and its
industry partners are developing and standardising the required components for an interoperable IP
production system. The BBC IP Studio project is a core contributor in the Advanced Media Workflow
Association (AMWA2
) and its Networked Media Open Specifications (NMOS3
). This work is delivering
the fundamental infrastructure upon which a large proportion of professional video production,
across the industry, will be conducted in the future.
BBC R&D is also developing and experimenting with a number of prototype video production tools
for this future IP broadcasting system. ‘Nearly live production’4
is an example tool that demonstrates
the opportunities that IP affords for new video production workflows; potentially supporting the
convergence of professional production and video from a broad range of contributors: Nearly live can
encompass multi‐camera video from a potentially wide range of performance venues, including
many which would have been problematic from a traditional professional video capture perspective.
Small static UHD cameras are set up in a venue, with video being ingested into an IP Studio‐based
system. A director can then use a browser‐based tool, from anywhere on that network, to reframe
and cut between these cameras. Any latency in the network effectively provides additional creative
time, and can potentially improve the quality of the multi‐camera output. Research continues into
other new production workflows that IP production makes possible.
Production for new formats
New formats of content experience also require the development of new workflow and production
processes for working with the video assets. BBC R&D undertakes work in this domain to understand
the requirements and the potential for tools and practices in the creation of novel video experiences.
For example, the wider availability of good‐quality head‐mounted displays and public excitement
about VR has led to a number of professional producers and content commissioners in the BBC to
want to create 360° video experiences for these devices, and other VR platforms. Production
engineering tools (such as the stitching of images from multiple cameras) need to be investigated

2
http://www.amwa.tv/
3
http://www.nmos.tv/
4
http://www.bbc.co.uk/rd/projects/nearly‐live‐production



and developed, as does practical workflow around capturing and editing footage and using lighting,
sound and overlaid graphics. In addition, BBC R&D is doing practical experience research with
audiences and professional creators into the fundamental cinematic principles of this new content
format; how is audience attention distributed within a 360° scene, and how can a creator direct that
attention? [2].
Video signals and formats
For decades, BBC has played a pioneering role in developing and promoting video signal formats and
coding technologies for the broadcast industry. Some of the key areas of contributions, particularly
since 2000’s include: DVB‐T2 for terrestrial broadcasting in high‐definition, H.265/HEVC
standardisation for efficient video compression and Hybrid Log‐Gamma (HLG) for HDR TV. A number
of UHD distribution trials have been conducted particularly during large sports events (e.g. football
world cup, Commonwealth games). Various research projects at BBC R&D over the years have delved
into the evolution of the domestic TV viewing conditions, and more widely how audience experience
new media delivery platforms.
2.2.3 User generated video / contributor video
Range of current application
BBC production teams make extensive use of UGC and have done for at least the last decade.
Example parts of the audience which solicit video contributions from the audience are BBC News (as
part of journalistic coverage of events and news stories), BBC Children (to actively engage the young
audience, and make them part of the content) and in various branded live (web) pages, where
editorial content and user contributions can be presented in a developing timeline.
Methods and logistics
In encouraging video contributions from members of the audience, the BBC and its production
partners have developed a number of platforms and processes to support this activity: in BBC News a
UGC hub exists to process audience contributions, including video, and make it available to
professional content producers. This is explicit recognition that contributor video is a very important
resource for news coverage and that BBC wants to enable both contributors and in‐house colleagues
to have an effective experience in collectively ensuring the inclusion of appropriate contributed
video.
A number of production departments, including both BBC News and BBC Children’s service CBeebies,
work with the BBC’s partner StreamUK, in managing the audience video contribution. The individual
contribution pages bbcnewsupload.streamuk.com and cbeebies.streamuk.com illustrate the
contrasting contributor experience provided to different audience groups. In each case, contributors
agree to a set of terms and conditions (T&Cs) in making their video contribution. These are legal
agreements that, importantly, grant the BBC particular rights to use the material, and also include a
declaration that the person contributing it is free to do so and is not, for example, infringing third
party intellectual property. In addition, the BBC complies with data protection law in terms of
personal information regarding contributors.



Production aspirations
As part of the COGNITUS project, BBC R&D have undertaken a number of facilitated discussion group
sessions with producers of professional content, with a specific interest or experience in harnessing
the video contribution capabilities of non‐professionals. These groups included professionals from
both inside and outside the BBC. Broadly, the sentiments and ambitions expressed by BBC
professionals were aligned with the production population generally: professionals valued audience
contributed video because it allowed them to present a range of perspectives (of a live event, for
example) within professional coverage. The resulting converged material is then likely to present a
more authentic and engaging representation of the event. Professionals were understandably keen
to discover and include the very best audience contributions and, therefore, were interested in
methods that could be used to identify and develop relationships with the best individual
contributors. Contributors should also be treated respectfully by the professional processes, with
their contributions recognised and rewarded. Professionals also expressed the need for tools to
support them in sorting through potentially large amounts of contributed video, and surfacing the
most suitable material.



3 COGNITUS market trends requirements analysis
Market trends have been detailed in Section 4 of D1.2 (Use case scenario specifications). The
objective of this section is to define the COGNITUS requirements coming from the marketing trends
analysis. The derived market trends requirements have been classified into the following categories:
 Video content management systems
 UGC social‐networks and platforms
 UHDTV formats and distribution of content (Broadcast TV, IPTV, OTT)
To analyse and specify each requirement, the requirements analysis and specification are reported in
tabular format to ease comparison. The market requirements are defined according to the following
attributes:
 <#RID>: Unique identification number of the requirement.
 <User Roles>: User roles to which this requirement is relevant.
 <WPs>: Work Packages of the COGNITUS project to which this requirement is relevant.
 <Scope>: Implementation scope according to the categories: video content management,
UGC social‐networks and platforms, and UHDTV formats and distribution of content.
 <Priority>: Priority for addressing the specific requirement in the context of the COGNITUS
project. Priority may take values in {low, medium, high}, while the characterisation “not
applicable” has been employed for requirements that are considered beyond the scope of
COGNITUS.
 <Description>: Detailed description of the requirement.
 <Remarks>: Remarks related to the requirement from a validity, feasibility and market
analysis perspective.



#RID User Roles WPs Scope Priority
MT01 N/A WP2, WP5 Video content management High
Description
The video content management system includes a workflow orchestration feature through an API.
Remarks
The COGNITUS system will provide the necessary tools to support a video workflow orchestration,
based on JavaScript Object Notation (JSON).

Description
The video content management system shall be able to ingest UGC with all relevant metadata.
Remarks
The COGNITUS system will provide the necessary tools to support the ingestion of UGC.

Description
The video content management system shall be able to ingest professional common video content
formats with all relevant metadata.
Remarks
The COGNITUS system will provide the necessary tools to support the ingestion of professional
content.



MT04 N/A WP2, WP3, WP4,
WP5
Video content management High
Description
The video content management system shall support UHD video up to 2160p60.
Remarks
N/A

WP5
Video content management High
Description
The video content management system shall support management of automated audio and video
processing through an API.
Remarks
The COGNITUS system will provide the necessary tools to support the processing of UGC and
professional video content, such as rescaling, video quality enhancement and audio processing.

MT06 N/A WP2, WP5 UGC social‐networks and
platforms
High
Description
Interface to social media platforms using their dedicated APIs (publicly available or not) for reading
event based information for metadata enrichment.
Remarks
The COGNITUS system will provide the necessary tools to support interfacing to social media
platforms.



MT07 N/A WP2, WP5 UGC social‐networks and
platforms
High
Description
Need of an audio and video annotation functionality for enriching content with new information.
Remarks
The COGNITUS system will provide the necessary tools and APIs to add annotations with
metadata.

MT08 N/A WP2, WP3, WP5 UGC social‐networks and
platforms
High
Description
To support the capturing of high quality video, not limited to HD formats, with more than 90
minute duration, and up to medium bitrates.
Remarks
N/A

WP5
UHDTV formats and
distribution of content
High
Description
To support DVB UHD‐1 Phase 2 audio and video formats, including HDR (as per ITU‐R BT.2100 and
DVB specifications), corresponding video bitrate and quality requirements. This requirement
concerns both the content processing, distribution and Set‐Top Box.
Remarks
N/A



WP5
UHDTV formats and
distribution of content
High
Description
To support UHD/HDR from UGC devices (e.g. smartphones, action cameras).
Remarks
N/A



4 COGNITUS system requirements analysis
This section presents a systematic analysis and identification of the COGNITUS requirements. This
activity closely ties together the requirements coming from the expert analysis of a number of
information sources, including the (1) focus group outputs, (2) the user stories/use cases and (3) the
market technology drivers, as illustrated in Figure 3. More specifically:
 Use stories: The user stories presented in D1.2 (Use case scenario specifications), are the
base for the innovation of COGNITUS technology. These stories were the grounds to identify
requirements and to create scenarios to discuss with the focus groups.
 Focus groups: The professional focus group and the end‐users focus group presented in D1.2
(Use case scenario specifications), were another relevant source of information to better
define the requirements. These small groups of experts are fundamental to gather insights in
a qualitative manner and think about new innovation directions.
 Technological drivers: Market trends and future innovation opportunities in the business
market act as the basis for the scenarios analysis. The implications of offering user‐
generated UHD content to end‐users is also analysed in Section 4.

Figure 3: The COGNITUS requirements are based on the inputs from
(i) user stories, (ii) focus groups and (iii) market trends.

To consider and analyse scenarios that are strongly aligned with close‐to‐market use case
demonstrators, addressing the needs of other important stakeholders of the COGNITUS project such
as TV channels, content providers and content editors, this section studies the requirements
provided by the users from a feasibility and market analysis perspective, and acts as an intermediate
documentation and analysis between the initially acquired requirements and the final functional and
non‐functional requirements of the COGNITUS platform, as presented in Section 5 of this deliverable.
The strength of the COGNITUS requirement analysis stems from the joint analysis of the three types
of requirements (user stories, focus groups and technological drivers). The rationale supporting the
analysis and identification of the requirements, are linked to the following questions:
Consolidated
requirements
Focus groups, D1.2
User stories, D1.2
Technological, D1.1



 How valid is a requirement?
 How valuable are they for the market?
 Are they compatible with trends and partner conditions?
 Will it improve user experience?
 How to prioritise the requirements to drive the implementation?
Following an internal discussion around the above questions, the consolidated user requirements
have been classified into the following categories:
 Motivations, including requirements related to motivations for recording live videos and
using UGC.
 User generated content, presenting requirements related to characteristics of UGC.
 System features, comprising requirements related to the UGC acquisition process, content
management by end‐users, content consumption by end‐users, content management by
professionals and plot authoring, interoperability and other functional issues.
 Ethical considerations, featuring all the requirements that were acquired regarding ethical
aspects of content acquisition and distribution.
 Rewards for UGC uploading, presenting the requirements that were elicited regarding the
rewarding scheme that will be applied in the context of the COGNITUS platform.
 Advantages of using UGC, including all the reasons that end‐users and professionals
reported as beneficial for using UGC.
 Barriers, featuring all the barriers that end‐users and professionals mentioned that might
prevent them from using the COGNITUS platform.
As mentioned in Section 3, to report the analysis of each requirement, the same tabular format was
used, where the scope of the requirement is as follows:
 User access management
 Content Creation
 Content Delivery
 Plot Authoring
Requirements that are similar or almost identical and for which the remarks are the same have been
grouped together in a single table.



4.1 Motivations
This section discusses the requirements related to motivations and rewards for recording live videos
and using UGC. These requirements showcase that the users are enthusiastic to contribute their own
footages related to an event towards a broader and more comprehensive coverage of it, including
the action not accounted in the mainstream. Moreover, the idea of sharing all these captures in a
high quality and professional way, strengthens the potential of their participation.
4.1.1 Recording live videos
This section discusses the requirements related to the creation of video recordings.
V01 End‐users WP2, WP3, WP5 Content Creation High
Description
Participants record videos at live events to capture the best bits, e.g. specific songs, parts of songs,
their favourite bits
Remarks
The COGNITUS platform will provide the necessary tools to support video capturing, basic editing
and uploading from the end‐users. Furthermore, the platform may act as a personal video archive
for users; therefore, enough storage space should be available.

V02 End‐users,
Professionals
WP2, WP3, WP5 Content Creation High
Description
Participants record videos at live events to capture the action not accounted in the
mainstream/broadcast, e.g., social events or unpredicted events.
Remarks
The COGNITUS platform will provide the necessary tools to support video uploading from the end‐
users. Furthermore, tagging of videos will help in content classification (e.g., backstage,
unpredicted, etc.). Finally, professionals will have the chance to integrate such action in the
mainstream production through the COGNITUS platform and tools.



Description
Participants record videos at live events to capture the ‘on the ground’ view, being there and being
part of the crowd.
Remarks
users. Furthermore, the platform may act as a personal video archive for users; therefore, enough
storage space should be available.

Description
Participants record videos at live events to capture personal memories and being ‘in the moment’
Remarks
users. Furthermore, the platform may act as a personal video archive for users; therefore, enough
storage space should be available. Finally, users will be able to select who they wish to share their
content with.



V05 End‐users WP2, WP3, WP4,
WP5
Content Creation,
Content Delivery
High
Description
Participants record videos at live events for sharing more widely (e.g., social media, publicity)
Remarks
users. Furthermore, the platform will widely provide the content that will be created by the
professionals through multiple dissemination channels (broadcasting, IP streaming, etc.). Finally,
crosslinking content to popular social networks would be a useful feature for business
exploitation, however it is not considered of high priority in the scope of the COGNITUS project.

V06 end‐users WP2, WP3, WP5 Content Creation Medium
Description
Participants record videos at live events to improve skills, e.g., to improve camera or filming
abilities.
Remarks
The COGNITUS platform will provide the necessary tools to support video uploading from the End‐
users. Furthermore, content rating mechanisms will be integrated, to act as feedback from the
user community to a video contributor. On the other hand, professionals will be able to provide
direct feedback through the platform to video contributors, either as explicit comments, or as
badges (e.g., excellent video quality badge). Finally, the platform will provide training material to
video contributors as a reward for their participation and video sharing activities.




V07 End‐users,
Professionals
WP2, WP3, WP4,
WP5
Content Delivery, Plot
Authoring
High
Description
Participants like a mix of the main event (e.g., the broadcaster’s coverage) combined with
backstage videos, other feeds and on the ground footage of the event.
Remarks
For each event, professionals will describe the kind of content that is desired (e.g., main event,
backstage videos, ground footage). Then, they will have the chance to integrate such content in
the mainstream production through the COGNITUS platform and tools.
Furthermore, content will be delivered in a variety of complementary manners. For instance, users
will be able to watch the main production through their STB in a large screen, while additional
relevant material will be availed through companion devices (e.g., tablet).



4.1.2 Most‐relevant types of events for using UGC
This section discusses the requirements related to the most‐relevant types of events where users will
record video.
R01 End‐users WP2, WP3, WP4,
WP5
Content Creation,
Content Delivery
High
Description
Participants are likely to use UGC for sport events.
WP5
Content Creation,
Content Delivery
High
Description
Participants are likely to use UGC for marathons.
Remarks
The COGNITUS platform will fill the gap of providing high quality professional content related to
sports events, complimentary to the main broadcasting of sport events.
Video uploading will be feasible through any portable device (e.g., tablet, smartphone). Content
delivery will also be achieved through a number of devices (i.e., TV and STB, tablet, smartphone).
A clear policy for the content that can be uploaded should be available to users, who before
registering should agree to the specific terms and conditions. Furthermore, tagging of videos will
help in content classification (e.g., sports, theatre, news, etc.).




WP5
Content Creation,
Content Delivery
High
Description
Participants are likely to use UGC for theatre events.
WP5
Content Creation,
Content Delivery
High
Description
Participants are likely to use UGC for music concerts.
WP5
Content Creation,
Content Delivery
High
Description
Participants are likely to use UGC for rare events and events that are difficult to attend (e.g., due
to large distances).
Remarks
The COGNITUS platform will provide high quality professional content of the event, allowing users
to feel like being “there”.
delivery will also be achieved through a number of devices (e.g., TV and STB, tablet, smartphone).




WP5
Content Creation,
Content Delivery
High
Description
Participants are likely to use UGC for social events (e.g., marriages).
Remarks
The COGNITUS platform will facilitate video recording at live events to capture personal memories
and being ‘in the moment’, allowing at the same time users to create their own view of an event
and acting as a personal archive.
registering should agree to the specific terms and conditions.

R04 End‐users
Professionals
WP2, WP3, WP4,
WP5
Content Creation,
Content Delivery,
Plot Authoring
High
Description
Participants are likely to use UGC for news or breaking news.
Remarks
The COGNITUS platform will assist professionals in quickly retrieving raw material related to
breaking news, facilitating thus the rapid creation of mainstream professional videos.




R07 Professionals WP2, WP3, WP4,
WP5
Content Delivery,
Plot Authoring
High
Description
Participants are likely to use UGC for historical‐related events (e.g., parades).
Remarks
The COGNITUS platform will provide tools for creating high definition professional content based
on historical material, which is usually in low definition quality. Online tools will be provided for
enhancing low quality material and authoring professional plots.
4.2 User generated content
This section discusses the user generated content, presenting requirements related to characteristics
of UGC. It is proved that the users are keen with the new ways of content distribution, through
internet services and the social media, mainly with the use of portable devices (e.g., mobile phones,
tablets, etc.). They also expect that the content be of high standards and easily accessible, merely
from every place. Furthermore, the users agree with the importance of providing UGC as
complementarity to the mainstream broadcast.
G01 End‐users
Professionals
WP2, WP3, WP4,
WP5
Content Creation,
Content Delivery,
Plot Authoring
High
Description
UGC refers to videos and photos.
Remarks
users, as well as tools for video enrichment and UHD video delivery. The platform will focus on
videos and not on photos.




G02 End ‐users WP2, WP4, WP5 Content Delivery High
Description
UGC content is valuable when the user is on‐line (connected to the internet).
Remarks
delivery will also be achieved through a number of devices (e.g., TV STB, tablet, smartphone). The
COGNITUS platform will take into account users’ network connectivity quality and their device
capabilities, so as to deliver the best possible content.

G05 End‐users
Professionals
WP2, WP3, WP5 Content Creation High
Description
UGC is created by non‐professional equipment (tablets, smartphones).
Remarks
The COGNITUS platform will employ state of the art video processing algorithms in order to yield
UHD videos from any UGC.




G06 Platform WP2, WP3, WP4,
WP5
Content Creation,
Content Delivery
High
Description
Relation of UGC to content transmitted is important.
T07 Platform WP2, WP3, WP4,
WP5
Content Creation,
Content Delivery
WP2, WP3, WP4,
WP5
Description
UGC should be relevant to transmission
Remarks
The COGNITUS platform will employ state of the art semantic analysis algorithms for content
classification, as well as context related QoE mechanisms in order to provide highly‐related
content to the end‐users’ preferences and context of delivery in the appropriate quality.

T14 Professionals WP2, WP3, WP4,
WP5
Content Creation,
Plot Authoring
High
Description
UGC should be as close as possible to the real time production (more interesting and engaging for
the end‐users).
Remarks
Most of the COGNITUS components regarding UGC enrichment and enhancement will be executed
as automatically as possible, with minimum human intervention, in order for the COGNITUS UHD
material to be available to the professionals near real‐time.
Furthermore, the COGNITUS platform will facilitate search mechanisms for making available to the
professionals content related to an event.




G07 End‐users
Professionals
WP2, WP5 Content Creation Low
Description
UGC is mostly shared in a spontaneous way through social networks.
Remarks
The COGNITUS platform will provide direct crosslinks to social media services. Crosslinking content
to popular social networks would be a useful feature for business exploitation, however it is not
considered of high priority in the scope of the COGNITUS project.

G08 End‐users WP2, WP3, WP4,
WP5
Content Creation,
Content Delivery,
Plot Authoring
High
Description
UGC provides an immediate & more direct experience to the end‐users.
Remarks
users. Professionals will have the chance to integrate such content in the mainstream production
through the COGNITUS platform and tools, benefiting from the added value it offers. Content will
be delivered through a number of devices (e.g., TV STB, tablet, smartphone).




G09 end‐users
Professionals
WP2, WP4, WP5 Content Delivery,
Plot Authoring
Medium
Description
UGC represents the immediate provision of information to other users
Remarks
Uploaded videos will be readily available to the professionals to use, for creating swiftly
complementary plots available for sharing to the COGNITUS end‐users. Content will be delivered
through a number of devices (e.g., TV STB, tablet, smartphone), ensuring thus its accessibility in a
timely manner.

G10 End‐users
Professionals
WP2, WP3, WP4,
WP5
Plot Authoring High
Description
UGC provides added value to a professional transmission.
Remarks
Professionals will have the chance to easily and quickly acquire and then integrate user
contributed videos in the mainstream production through the COGNITUS platform and tools, and
take advantage of the added value such content provides.




G12 End‐users WP2, WP4, WP5 Content Creation High
Description
UGC is different views of the same event.
Remarks
The sophisticated semantic analysis algorithms that will be supported by the COGNITUS platform
will provide sufficient tagging and classification of videos (e.g., backstage, unpredicted, etc.). To
this end, content that is relevant to a specific recorded scene of an event, which provides different
perspectives, and/or level of information from the professional content will be available in UHD.

D20 End‐users WP2, WP3, WP5 Content Creation High
Description
UGC should be limited to a maximum duration (e.g., max 2 minutes).
Remarks
This is an aspect to be investigated during the implementation of the project. In principle, short
videos will be more easily processed and enhanced, however they may suffer from lack of
information that will be useful to the professionals for plot creation.
4.3 System features
This section describes system features, comprising requirements related to the UGC acquisition
process, content management by end‐users, content consumption by end‐users, content
management by professionals and plot authoring, interoperability and other functional issues. It is
clear that the users request an easy to use and straightforward environment for contributing their
content, knowing from the very first time how it will be used by the system. Furthermore, they
acknowledge that commenting or providing keywords along with the content, which they contribute,
endorse the system’s capability to combine available videos in order to provide rich search results
and relevant content. Regarding the content management and consumption, the users expect that
the system should provide the necessary flexibility in terms of display devices diversification (e.g, TV,
tablets, etc.), high video quality and system’s availability, as well as wide range of options in respect
to whom they will make their content available and how they will select the videos that they wish to
watch. Finally, the potential for creating professional plots for UGC is highly appraised by all the



users, suggesting the implementation of features that will bring closer and in an active cooperation
among contributors (end‐users) and professionals.
4.3.1 UGC acquisition process
This section identifies the requirements related to the processes involving UGC acquisition.
G04 End‐users WP2, WP5 Content Creation High
Description
Video quality of UGC is important and is checked by the end‐users before uploading.
M13 end‐users WP2, WP5 Content Creation High
Description
Provide option for UGC quality check before uploading.
Remarks
The COGNITUS platform will provide the necessary tools to support video editing on users’
devices, before uploading the content and making it available to other users. Furthermore, (semi‐)
automatic quality assessment mechanisms will provide adequate quality gauges in order for the
COGNITUS platform to assure the quality of the contributed content.

S01 end‐users WP2, WP5, WP7 User Access
Management,
Content Creation
High
Description
Awareness and communication about what is allowed in terms of rights and informed choices.
Remarks
registering should agree to the specific terms and conditions. Furthermore, a clear and
straightforward policy describing content copyrights will also be available before registering.




S03 end‐users WP2, WP5 Content Creation High
Description
Easy to upload videos to a platform.
Remarks
users through an easy and straightforward process via the users’ smartphones.

S04 End‐users WP2, WP5, WP7 Content Creation High
Description
The COGNITUS platform should enable protection – permissions.
Remarks
registering should agree to the specific terms and conditions. Furthermore, a clear and
straightforward policy describing content copyrights will also be available before registering.
Finally, users will be able to select who they wish to share their content with and define content
permissions (e.g., public, private).




U01 End‐users WP2, WP5 Content Creation High
Description
An application or website should be available at all times for uploading UGC.
Remarks
COGNITUS will provide client‐server model for interfacing with end‐users and the COGNITUS
architecture will ensure that the platform will be accessible through internet 24/7 to support
content uploading. Video uploading will be feasible through any internet‐connected portable
device (e.g., tablet, smartphone). In case of internet connection loss, the COGNITUS mobile
application will store the recorded videos locally in the portable device and resume the uploading
when internet connection will be available again.

Description
The uploading process should be very straightforward (user upload ‐> check ‐> UGC distribution).
Remarks
Video uploading will be achieved through an easy and straightforward process. Once the video is
uploaded in the platform, automated checks will run, while professionals will also be able to carry
out quality checks themselves through the COGNITUS platform.




Description
UGC should be uploaded only by registered users.
Remarks
Only registered users will be able to upload content. In order to upload content, users should first
log‐in to the COGNITUS web site through any internet‐connected device (e.g., tablet,
smartphone).

U07 End‐users WP2, WP3, WP5 User Access
Management,
Content Creation
High
Description
Metadata should be provided along with the uploading of the content.
Remarks
Users will be able to describe, comment, tag the content they are uploading, however this will not
be compulsory. Furthermore, other types of metadata will be automatically extracted by the
system using as sources the content itself and information that will be ingested from social media
as well.

U08 End‐users WP2, WP3, WP5 Content Creation High
Description
Should harmonise the various content formats uploaded by the end‐users.
Remarks
For the efficient processing of UGC, an intermediate common format will be used by all the
COGNITUS components. All the uploaded UGC will be transcoded to this intermediate format.

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