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Ataturk dam
The Ataturk Dam is a rock-fill dam located on the Euphrates River in Turkey. It is part of Turkey's Southeastern Anatolia Project which involves 22 dams and 19 hydroelectric power plants. The Ataturk Dam provides irrigation water and hydropower. It has a capacity of 2,400 megawatts and irrigates over 800,000 hectares of land. However, issues have arisen due to improper compaction of the clay core which has led to significant settling of the dam posing stability and operational problems. Around 45,000 people were displaced by the project with compensation provided.
Ataturk dam
- 2. 2 INTRODUCTION • Turkey hasa “water advantage” over other Middle Eastern countries because Tigris and Euphrates rivers form here. • Turkey has developed the Southeastern Anatolia Project, which consists of 22 dams and 19 hydroelectric plants along the Euphrates River. • This project has greatly improved the standard of living for Turkey’s citizens.
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- 4. 4 Location of theAtaturk Dam
- 5. 5 • Ataturk damis located on Euphrates River in Bozova, Turkey. • It is the world’s fourth largest Rock fill dam. • Euphrates river is the longest river of the western Asia. • The River originates from Mount Ararat at 4,500m above sea level. • The River flows in Turkey, Syria and Iraq. Ataturk Dam
- 6. 6 • Initially itwas called Karababa dam. • It is named in honour of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, the founder of Turkish republic. • Construction of dam begins in 1983 and was completed in 1990. • The dam provides hydropower and Irrigation in Turkey. • The cost of the project is 1250 MUSD.
- 7. 7 • The Euphratesreceives most of its water in the form of rain fall and melting snow. • The discharge in months April and May accounts 36% of the total annual discharge of the river.
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- 9. 9 Objectives • Originally thedam is designed to provide water to 7,00,000 Ha Irrigation and generate electricity with an installed power capacity of 800 MW. • In 1977, the generation capacity of the dam increased from 800 to 2100 MW and the total planned irrigation area was to be extended to 8,00,000 Ha. • To increase the per capita income in the region by 50%. • To provide employment to 2 Million people.
- 10. 10 Hydraulic Particulars 1. Hydrology Catchmentarea ………..92,240 km^2 Annual inflow …………..26,585 MCM(939TMC) 2. Reservoir Retention water level………..EL 542.0 m Minimum operating level……EL 526.0 m Maximum water level………..EL 544.15 m Active storage ………………12,700 MCM (449 TMC) Reservoir capacity ……..…..48,700 MCM (1720 TMC) Reservoir area ……………....817 km^2
- 11. 11 3.Dam Type ………………………..Rock-fill withcentral core Height above lowest foundation ………..169 m Crest length…………………………….. 1,664 m Elevation of top of dam …………………EL 549.0 m 4. Spillway Type ………………... Controlled overflow spillway Type of gates ………6 radial gates Size of gates ………16 m × 18 m Discharge capacity ……16,800 m3 /s
- 12. 12 Power intake Type …………………Concretegravity dam, 8 blocks Type of gates ……....8 roller gates Size of gates ………7.5 m × 7.5 m Penstocks Number of penstocks ………………8 Length………………………… Between 515 and 640 m Diameter …………………………7.25 m
- 13. 13 Powerhouse Location …………………………..Adjacent tothe dam toe Size (l × w × h) ……………………257 m × 53 m × 49 m Net head ……………………………151 m Valves …………………………….8 Butterfly Turbines…………………………. 8 Francis Rated space …………………….....150 rpm Turbine discharge …………………1,748 m 3 /s Installed capacity………………….. 8 × 300 = 2,400 MW Annual energy total ……………….8,900 GWh
- 14. 14 Settlement of Dam •The construction of the dam was started with the construction of the upstream Coffer dam beginning of September 1985. • The construction of the main body of the dam itself was started by December 1986, and completed in only 3 years and 8 months, which is much less than the originally estimated 5– 5.5 years. • The fill of the dam contains high plasticity clay for the impervious zone, natural and processed alluvium for the filter zones, basalt and placated lime-stone for the shell zones.
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- 16. 16 • The rock-filldam undergoes deformations that are regularly and systematically monitored since 1990 with different types of sensors. • It is estimated that the central portion of the dam crest has settled by around 7 m (23 ft) since the end of the construction. • The maximum horizontal (radial) deformation measured is about 2.9 m (9.5 ft).
- 17. 17 The fieldcompaction of the impervious clay core of the Ataturk Dam was not done to the standards determined through the Proctor tests in the laboratory. Therefore, the clay core has settled considerably and probably is still settling. As a result, the upper part needs to be reconstructed to the originally intended height of 549 m in order to maintain the 7 m freeboard and keep the dam operational. • The weathered vesicular basalt used in the rock section has been slaking badly, adding up to the overall settlement of the dam, and causing landslides in both the clay core and the rock-fill sections on the upstream side.
- 18. 18 • The slakingis caused by the expansion of nontronite (iron montmorilonite). • The slaking is still continuing indicating future landslides and more settlement. • Therefore, the reconstruction of the crest may only be a solution.
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- 20. 20 LAND ACQUISITION • Approximately45,000 people have been influenced by the project. • Ataturk Dam Expropriation which is the largest expropriation project of Turkey governs 81,700 hectares of land. • The expropriation compensation value of 494 Trillion TL (in 2004 unit prices) have been paid to the owners. • Also people, who thought that the compensation payment is underestimated, have sued General Directorate of State Hydraulics to increase the compensation payment. These payments that belong to the ended suits are approximately 163 Trillion TL (in 2004 unit prices).
- 21. 21 Rehabilitation and Resettlement •The Directorate of Rural Affairs has estimated that 1129 families had to be displaced. • Out of this number, 44% were to be resettled in rural areas, and the balance of 56% in urban areas. • 100% of the population had been fully compensated, but only 30% of the population had been resettled (344 families), and 70% still had to be resettled (369 families in rural areas, and 416 families in
- 22. 22 References • http://www.greenstrategy.se/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/Brismar- NRF.pdf •Impact ofthe Ataturk Dam Lake on Agro-Meteorological Aspects of The South-eastern Anatolia Region Using Remote Sensing and GIS Analysis •https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ataturk-Dam •https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/2050/e31f75c776feef498a3c66b790b9 53475cef.pdf
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