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Assignment II_Digital Skills-I Technology
- 2. WATER and SANITATION Today, more than one billion people lack access to safe water and over three billion, half of humanity, do not have adequate sanitation facilities.
- 3. WATER and SANITATION The number of people without adequate water and sanitation facilities could reach 5.5 billion in the next 20 years.
- 4. WATER and SANITATION 30% of common recurrent diseases are WatSan related 4 million die annually (80% < 5yrs)
- 5. WATER AS A HUMAN RIGHT “Water is fundamental for life and health. The human right to water is indispensable for leading a healthy life in human dignity. It is a pre-requisite to the realization of all other human rights.” UN Committee on Economic, Cultural and Social Rights 26.November 2002
- 6. The Response • International Federation commitment (WatSan Policy, S2010, ARCHI) • International Federation GWSI (scaling-up) • UN Declaration – ‘access to safe water and sanitation, a human right’ • UN Commitment – CSD and MDG’s • 2nd UN Decade for Water 2005-15 All of the above to ‘increase sustainable WatSan coverage’
- 7. International Federation Water and Sanitation Policy • This policy applies to all Water and Sanitation interventions carried out by National Societies and the International Federation. • Water and Sanitation is a Health initiative, clearly defined and seen as one of the most important aspects of preventive health. • Community Based Health Care cannot be considered without addressing the issue of Water and Sanitation coverage. • Water and Sanitation objectives being incorporated into developmental programmes as well as in emergency situations.
- 8. GENDER Recognize the issue of gender and the need for a gender- balanced approach.
- 9. HARDWARE and SOFTWARE Hygiene promotion (Software) must be established parallel to / before introducing hardware (pumpes, pipes).
- 10. APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES Give due consideration to the use of appropriate local technologies for the sustainability of the work.
- 11. India China Afghanistan Pakistan Iran Azerbaijan Turkey Thailande Cambodia Malaysia Vietnam Philippines North Korea Namibia Angola Tanzania D.R. Congo Kenya Ethiopia Sudan Rwanda Uganda . Zambia Zimbabwe Botswana Mozambique Malawi Hungary Myanmar Bosnia-Herzegovina Papua New Guinea Peru Venezuela Bolivia Argentina Colombia Paraguay Bangladesh Swaziland Lesotho Nepal Guatemala El Salvador Honduras Nicaragua Belize Panama Costa Rica Cuba Eritrea Laos Indonesia Guinea Bissau Liberia Kazakhastan Uzbekistan Iraq Syria Slovakia Croatia Albania Secretariat Geneva Switzerland North-East Russia East Timor Nigeria Cote d'Ivoire Macedonia Haiti Dominican Rep Tajikistan Sri Lanka Somalia Djibutia Madagascar Comores Fiji Algeria Jordan WatSan Activities 1993-2006 6.5 Million People served with Emergency WatSan 2.5 Million People served by Developmental WatSan Active in over 35 Countries
- 12. Water and Sanitation in Emergencies ‘expanding and improving existing capacities to meet the needs of those affected by disaster’
- 13. The needs in emergencies • In most disaster/emergency scenarios, high level of morbidity and mortality is related to lack of safe water and poor sanitation • Combined with other health threats (such as malnutrition, malaria etc.,) morbidity and mortality related to WatSan often increases • Rapid action required to avoid epidemic outbreaks (diarrhoeal diseases, cholera etc.,) • Disasters often impact upon the most vulnerable, where chronic lack of safe water and sanitation already exists • Need for acceptable standard of WatSan coverage to recover some quality of life for the victims of disasters
- 14. IFRC Response • Recognising the needs, International Federation establishes WatSan capacity at the Geneva Secretariat as part of Health in Emergencies (1994) • International Federation in close collaboration with National Societies begins development of a standardised WatSan response mechanism, both equipment and human resources (Emergency Response Units, ERU’s, 1994-98) • International Federation engages with other disaster response players (ICRC, Oxfam. WHO, UNHCR etc.) to define common standards in each disaster response sector including WatSan (SPHERE standards 1995-8) • Deployments of emergency WatSan teams begin and increase in scale and impact (1995-present)
- 15. Emergency Response Units (ERU’s) • 4 modules, can be deployed individually or jointly to provide safe water and sanitation for up to 40,000 beneficiaries or more • Each module consists of an equipment package which can be air freighted with an experienced team of technicians for rapid, ‘stand-alone’ deployment • Equipment and training of teams is standardised but constantly reviewed and improved • Coordination by the WatSan Unit in Geneva • Regular ERU working group meetings held to ensure standards are met and actual deployments are evaluated
- 16. Emergency Response Units (ERU’s)
- 17. Emergency Response Units (ERU’s)
- 18. Emergency Response Units (ERU’s)
- 19. Emergency Response Units (ERU’s)
- 20. Emergency Response Units (ERU’s)
- 21. Emergency Response Units (ERU’s)
- 22. Emergency Response Units (ERU’s)
- 23. Emergency Response Units (ERU’s)
- 24. Developmental Programmes • Community participation • National Water and Sanitation strategies • Integrated approach • Evolution from relief to development
- 25. 1 out of Programmes • North Korea (DPRK) • WatSan started in 1999 • Programme 2002-2004 • 100 municipalities • 500.000 beneficiaries • Provide clean water, sanitation, hygiene education • 3 delegates • DPRK RC Wat-San department
- 26. Global Water and Sanitation Initiative (GWSI) ‘Contributing to the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals by scaling-up established capacities’
- 27. Key factors for GWSI • Community participation – National Society branches and volunteers • Low-tech, low-cost and sustainable • Integrated approach with other health interventions • Economy of scale – 20 USD/per beneficiary or less • Coordination/partnership with Governments • Provision of technical support/monitoring and evaluation • Global representation, policy and strategy
- 28. Global WatSan Initiative (GWSI) MDG – Increased Coverage 9 Million People ‘Contributing to the Millennium Development Goals by scaling-up established capacities’ Developmental WatSan 1993-2005 Phase 1 Target: 1.5 M people/8 countries 2005-2008 Phase 2 Target: 3.5 M People/15 countries 2009-2015 2.5 Million are Served 6.5 Million will be Served
- 29. International Federation WatSan Beneficiaries 1993 2003 2004 2015 0 1 2 3 4 Developmental Emergency 2.5 M Developmental 6.5 M Emergency 5 M Developmental 9 M Emergency Emergency WatSan : Projected increase in demand and delivery Developmental WatSan : Scaling-up with the GWSI
- 30. WatSan Structure in International Federation • Uli Jaspers – WatSan Unit Manager • Robert Fraser – WatSan Senior Officer • Libertad Gonzalez – WatSan Officer • Wolfgang Stöckl – WatSan advisor • 4 Regional Delegations • Nairobi • Harare • Bangkok • Panama • 42 Delegates Health and Care Department / Geneva