Ashok Leyland Organizational Study

PES UNIVERSITY
(Established under Karnataka Act No 16 of 2013)
100ft Ring Road, Bengaluru-560 085, Karnataka, India
A Internship report on
‘ASHOK LEYLAND-Organizational Study’
Submitted by
(VEMULA SUBBA SATHWIK)
(PES1201800928)
November 2020
Under the guidance of
Internal Guide
Mr Dr.Madhu kumar
Professor
Department of BBA
PES University
Bangalore 560085
-
FACULTY OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES
DEPARTMENT OF BBA
PROGRAM BBA

FACULTY OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES
DEPARTMENT OF BBA
PROGRAM BBA
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Internship work
‘ASHOK LEYLAND- Organizational Study'
Is a bonafide work carried out by
Mr VEMULA SUBBA SATHWIK
SRN - PES1201800928
In partial fulfillment for the completion of Internship work in the Program of Study BBA
under rules and regulations of PES University, Bangalore during the period November 2020 .
It is certified that all corrections/suggestions indicated for internal assessment have been
incorporated in the report. The Internship report has been approved as it satisfies the
academic requirements in respect of Internship work.
Signature with date & Seal Signature with date & Seal Signature with date & seal
Internal Guide Chair person Dean of Faculty
Name of the student: VEMULA SUBBA SATHWIK
SRN: PES1201800928

DECLARATION
I, Mr VEMULA SUBBA SATHWIK, hereby, declare that the dissertation entitled,
‘ASHOK LEYLAND – Organizational Study', is an original work done under the guidance
of Prof.Madhu kumar , Assistant Professor, PES University Department of Management
studies, BBA Department, and is being submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for completion of Internship work in the Program of Study BBA in PES University
PLACE: Bengaluru
DATE : NAME AND SIGNATURE OF THE CANDIDATE

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:
I am personally thankful to my university for giving me the opportunity to do my internship
at a place ASHOK LEYLAND’ pvt Ltd, Bengaluru. It has given me exposure and great
knowledge about various departments. It has truly given me the first hand experience which
helped me to grasp and relate to the theoretical knowledge much better.
I would like to thank the Vice Chancellor Dr.J Suryaprasad ,chairperson of BBA Department
Dr. Shailesh G. Also, I would like to thank my internal guide Prof.Madhu kumarfor guiding
me and throwing light on the areas to focus on throughout my internship journey. Lastly, I
would like to thank my parents and friends for supporting and walking with me
Through my internship journey.

Contents of Internship Report
Serial
Number
Chapters Page
Numbe
r
PRELIMINARY PAGES
 Cover Page
 Declaration of the Student
 Certificate from the College
 Certificate from the Guide
 Acknowledgements
 Table of Contents
 List of Tables
 List of Graphs
---------
1
Introduction
 Introduction to study
 Objectives of the study
 Need of the study
 Scope of the study
 Sources of data
 Limitations of the study
1-2
2 Industry Profile
3-9
3
Company Profile 10-21
4
Functional
Departments
(Any Two)
Production Department 22-30
Human Resource Department 31-38
Finance Department
Marketing Department and other
departments
5
SWOT Analysis
a) General
39-41
6
Comparative Analysis of the Company
42-47
7 Findings &Suggestions
48-49
8 Conclusions 50
9 Learning Experience 50
--- Bibliography 50
---- Annexures/Enclosures (if any) -----

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Dept of BBA Nov – Dec 2020
CHAPTER – 1
INTRODCUTION
1.1 Introduction to study:
The internship program has provided and engaged me in a field experience with an
opportunity to share the insights of the company , to explore the links between academic
preparation and the field work , and to assist in developing and carrying out the major
research project which will serve to culminate the internship experience . As a part of
three-year BBA program , we had to carry on a project in an organization in order to
understand the organization structure and their functions . The main purpose of doing the
internship was to study the various departments of the organizations and understand their
basic functions, their purpose, achievements, competitors, vision, and mission of the
company and their progress towards that.
1.2Objectives of study:
To make brief study of the company i.e.; ASHOK LEYLAND PVT LTD
To find out the importance of customer satisfaction.
To know about business concepts and theories to real-world decision making.
It helps in developing and improving business skills in communication technology,
quantitative reasoning and teamwork.
1.3 Need of the study
1. In the ever-competitive market it becomes necessary for each producer to understand what
the customer wants. Also, as in-depth knowledge to the satisfaction levels and brand loyalty
helps them to better position their product in the minds of the consumer.
2 .The knowledge of the satisfaction levels of its own products help the producer to be in tune
with the needs and demands of the consumers and an idea about the satisfaction levels of its
competitors makes the producer of opportunities lying ahead.

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3. Satisfaction is further directly related to Loyalty. The more the satisfaction the more the
loyalty, the more the sales and more the profits.
4. Also, there were certain feedbacks sought by the company regarding the in-house customer
satisfaction strategy adopted by them.
1.4Scope of the study
I did this study from available resources about ASHOK LEYLAND PVT LTD at production and
human resource departments .
As well as it provides brief description of two departments .
1.5Sources of data
Secondary Data: Data was collected by referring company website and few related sites .
1.6Limitations of study
As the study includes only secondary data the information was very limited

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Industry profile
India became the fourth largest auto market in 2019 displacing Germany with about 3.99 million
units sold in the passenger and commercial vehicles categories. India is expected to displace Japan
as the third largest auto market by 2021
The two wheelers segment dominates the market in terms of volume owing to a growing middle
class and a young population. Moreover, the growing interest of the companies in exploring the
rural markets further aided the growth of the sector.
India is also a prominent auto exporter and has strong export growth expectations for the near
future. In addition, several initiatives by the Government of India and major automobile players in
the Indian market is expected to make India a leader in the two-wheeler and four-wheeler market
in the world by 2020.
Market Size
Domestic automobiles production increased at 2.36% CAGR between FY16–20 with 26.36
million vehicles being manufactured in the country in FY20. Overall, domestic automobiles sales
increased at 1.29% CAGR between FY16–FY20 with 21.55 million vehicles being sold in FY20.
Two wheelers and passenger vehicles dominate the domestic Indian auto market. Passenger car
sales are dominated by small and mid-sized cars. Two wheelers and passenger cars accounted for
80.8% and 12.9% market share, respectively, accounting for a combined sale of over 20.1 million
vehicles in FY20.
Overall, automobile export reached 4.77 million vehicles in FY20, growing at a CAGR of 6.94%
during FY16-FY20. Two wheelers made up 73.9% of the vehicles exported, followed by passenger
vehicles at 14.2%, three wheelers at 10.5% and commercial vehicles at 1.3%.

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EV sales, excluding E-rickshaws, in India witnessed a growth of 20% and reached 1.56 lakh units
in FY20 driven by two wheelers.
Premium motorbike sales in India recorded a seven-fold jump in domestic sales, reaching 13,982
units during April-September 2019. The sale of luxury cars stood between 15,000 to 17,000 in the
first six months of 2019.
Investments
In order to keep up with the growing demand, several automakers have started investing heavily
in various segments of the industry during the last few months. The industry has attracted Foreign
Direct Investment (FDI) worth US$ 24.21 billion between April 2000 and March 2020, according
to the data released by Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT).
Some of the recent/planned investments and developments in the automobile sector in India are as
follows:
In September 2020, Toyota Kirloskar Motors announced investments of more than Rs 2,000 crore
(US$ 272.81 million) in India directed towards electronic components and technology for domestic
customers and exports
During early September 2020, Mahindra & Mahindra signed a MoU with Israel-based REE
Automotive to collaborate and develop commercial electric vehicles
During the same month, Volkswagen announced merger of its three entities in India, the new entity
will be called Skoda Auto Volkswagen India Private Limited.
In April 2020, TVS Motor Company bought UK’s iconic sporting motorcycle brand, Norton, for
a sum of about Rs 153 crore (US$ 21.89 million), making its entry into the top end (above 850cc)
segment of the superbike market.
As of May 2019, Jaguar Land Rover (JLR) launched its locally assembled Range Rover Velar,
making JLR cars more affordable by quite some margin.

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In March 2020, Lithium Urban Technologies partnered with renewable energy solutions provider,
Fourth Partner Energy, to build charging infrastructure across the country.
In January 2020, Tata AutoComp Systems, the auto-components arm of Tata Group entered a joint
venture with Beijing-based Prestolite Electric to enter the electric vehicle (EV) components
market.
In December 2019, Force Motors planned to invest Rs 600 crore (US$ 85.85 million) to develop
two new models over the next two years.
In December 2019, Morris Garages (MG), a British automobile brand, announced plans to invest
an additional Rs 3,000 crore (US$ 429.25 million) in India.
Audi India planned to launch nine all-new models including Sedans and SUVs along with futuristic
E-tron EV by end of 2019.
MG Motor India planned to launch MG ZS EV electric SUV in early 2020 and have plans to launch
affordable EV in the next 3–4 years.
BYD-Olectra, Tata Motors and Ashok Leyland will supply 5,500 electric buses for different state
departments.
Government Initiatives
The Government of India encourages foreign investment in the automobile sector and has allowed
100% foreign direct investment (FDI) under the automatic route.
Some of the recent initiatives taken by the Government of India are –
Under Union Budget 2019–20, the Government announced an additional income tax deduction of
Rs 1.5 lakh (US$ 2,146) on the interest paid on the loans taken to purchase EVs.
The Government aims to develop India as a global manufacturing centre and a Research and
Development (R&D) hub.
Under NATRiP, the Government of India is planning to set up R&D centres at a total cost of US$
388.5 million to enable the industry to be on par with global standards
The Ministry of Heavy Industries, Government of India has shortlisted 11 cities in the country for
introduction of EVs in their public transport systems under the FAME (Faster Adoption and

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Manufacturing of (Hybrid) and Electric Vehicles in India) scheme. The Government will also set
up an incubation centre for start-ups working in the EVs space.
In February 2019, the Government of India approved the FAME-II scheme with a fund
requirement of Rs 10,000 crore (US$ 1.39 billion) for FY20–22.
Achievements
Following are the achievements of the Government in the last four years:
In H12019, automobile manufacturers invested US$ 501 million in India’s auto-tech start-ups
according to Venture intelligence.
Investment flow into EV start-ups in 2019 (till end of November) increased nearly 170% to reach
US$ 397 million.
On 29th July 2019, Inter-ministerial panel sanctioned 5,645 electric buses for 65 cities.
NATRiP’s proposal for “Grant-In-Aid for test facility infrastructure for EV performance
Certification from NATRIP Implementation Society” under the FAME Scheme was approved by
Project Implementation and Sanctioning Committee (PISC) on 3rd January 2019.
Under NATRiP, following testing and research centres have been established in the country since
2015
International Centre for Automotive Technology (ICAT), Manesar
National Institute for Automotive Inspection, Maintenance & Training (NIAIMT), Silchar
National Automotive Testing Tracks (NATRAX), Indore
Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI), Pune
Global Automotive Research Centre (GARC), Chennai
SAMARTH Udyog – Industry 4.0 centres: ‘Demo cum experience’ centres are being set up in the
country for promoting smart and advanced manufacturing helping SMEs to implement Industry
4.0 (automation and data exchange in manufacturing technology).
Road Ahead

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The automobile industry is supported by various factors such as availability of skilled labour at
low cost, robust R&D centres, and low-cost steel production. The industry also provides great
opportunities for investment and direct and indirect employment to skilled and unskilled labour.
The automobile industry in India is the world’s fourth largest. India was the world's fourth largest
manufacturer of cars and seventh largest manufacturer of commercial vehicles in 2019. Indian
automotive industry (including component manufacturing) is expected to reach Rs 16.16-18.18
trillion (US$ 251.4-282.8 billion) by 2026. The industry attracted Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
worth US$ 24.21 billion during April 2000 to March 2020 according to the data released by
Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT).
Domestic automobile production increased at 2.36 per cent CAGR between FY16-FY20 with
26.36 million vehicles being manufactured in the country in FY20. Overall, domestic automobiles
sales increased at 1.29 per cent CAGR between FY16-FY20 with 21.55 million vehicles being
sold in FY20.
Two wheelers and passenger vehicles dominate the domestic Indian auto market. Passenger car
sales are dominated by small and mid-sized cars. Two wheelers and passenger cars accounted for
80.8 per cent and 12.9 per cent market share, respectively, accounting for a combined sale of over
20.1 million vehicles in FY20.
Overall, automobile export reached 4.77 million vehicles in FY20, growing at a CAGR of 6.94 per
cent during FY16-FY20. Two wheelers made up 73.9 per cent of the vehicles exported, followed
by passenger vehicles at 14.2 per cent, three wheelers at 10.5 per cent and commercial vehicles at
1.3 per cent.
The electric vehicle (EV) market is estimated to be a Rs 50,000 crore (US$ 7.09 billion)
opportunity in India by 2025.
The Government aims to develop India as a global manufacturing and research and development
(R&D) hub. It has set up National Automotive Testing and R&D Infrastructure Project (NATRiP)

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centres as well as National Automotive Board to act as facilitator between the Government and
the industry. Under (NATRiP), five testing and research centres have been established in the
country since 2015. NATRiP’s proposal for “Grant-In-Aid for test facility infrastructure for
Electric Vehicle (EV) performance Certification from NATRIP Implementation Society” under
FAME (Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of (Hybrid) and Electric Vehicles in India) scheme
was approved by Project Implementation and Sanctioning Committee (PISC) on January 03, 2019.
The Indian Government has also set up an ambitious target of having only EVs being sold in the
country. The Ministry of Heavy Industries, Government of India, has shortlisted 11 cities in the
country for introduction of EVs in their public transport system under the FAME scheme. The first
phase of the scheme was extended to March 2019 while in February 2019, the Government
approved FAME-II scheme with a fund requirement of Rs 10,000 crore (US$ 1.39 billion) for
FY20-22. Under Union Budget 2019-20, Government announced to provide additional income tax
deduction of Rs 1.5 lakh (US$ 2146) on the interest paid on the loans taken to purchase EVs.
EV sales, excluding e-rickshaws, in India witnessed a growth of 20 per cent and reached 1.56 lakh
units in FY20 driven by two wheelers.
The Government of India expects automobile sector to attract US$ 8-10 billion in local and foreign
investment by 2023.

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Indian automotive industry (including component manufacturing) is expected to reach Rs 16.16-
18.18 trillion (US$ 251.4–282.8 billion)
by 2026.

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ABOUT COMPANY
Ashok Leyland Limited
ALCOB Ashok Leyland Corporate Building in Guindy, Chennai.jpg
Headquarters in Chennai
Type:
Public
Traded as
BSE: 500477
NSE: ASHOKLEY
Industry:
Automotive Commercia
Founded :7 September 1948
Headquarters:
Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Area served: Worldwide
Revenue:
Increase ₹21,332 crore (US$3.0 billion) (2016)

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Net income:
Increase ₹1,223 crore (US$170 million) (2016)
Number of employees
11,906 (2016)
Parent: Hinduja Group
Subsidiaries:
Albonair GmbH
Global TVS Bus Body Builders Limited
Optare
Hinduja Leyland Finance
Hinduja Tech
Lanka Ashok Leyland
It was founded in 1948 as Ashok Motors and became Ashok Leyland in the year 1955. Ashok
Leyland is the 2nd largest manufacturer of commercial vehicles in India, the 3rd largest
manufacturer of buses in the world and the 10th largest manufacturers of trucks. Headquartered in
Chennai, its manufacturing facilities are spread across the country namely Ennore (Tamil Nadu),
Bhandara (Maharashtra), Hosur (2 units), Alwar (Rajasthan) and Pantnagar (Uttarakhand). Ashok
Leyland also has manufacturing units spread across the globe with a bus manufacturing facility in
Ras Al Khaimah (UAE), one at Leeds, United Kingdom and a joint venture with the Alteams
Group for the manufacture of high-press die-casting extruded aluminum components for the
automotive and telecommunications sectors.[8] Ashok Leyland has recently been ranked as 34th
best brand in India.] In 2019, the company was awarded the AON Best Employers for India
award.A US $2.3 billion company, and a footprint that extends across 50 countries, the company

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is one of the most fully-integrated manufacturing companies. Ashok Leyland has a product range
from 1T GVW (Gross Vehicle Weight) to 55T GTW (Gross Trailer Weight) in trucks, 9 to 80-
seater buses, vehicles for defense and special applications, and diesel engines for industrial, genset
and marine applications. Ashok Leyland launched India’s first electric bus and Euro 6 compliant
truck in 2016. In 2019, Ashok Leyland claimed to be in the top 10 global commercial vehicle
makers.
Operating nine plants, Ashok Leyland also makes spare parts and engines for industrial and marine
applications. It sold approximately 140,000 vehicles (M&HCV + LCV) in FY 2016. It is the
second largest commercial vehicle company in India in the medium and heavy commercial vehicle
(M&HCV) segment, with a market share of 32.1% (FY 2016).
With passenger transportation options ranging from 10 seaters to 74 seaters (M&HCV = LCV),
Ashok Leyland is a market leader in the bus segment.
In the trucks segment Ashok Leyland primarily concentrates on the 16 to 25-ton range. However,
Ashok Leyland has a presence in the entire truck range, from 7.5 to 49 tons.

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HISTORY
Ashok Motors was founded in 1948 by Raghunandan Saran. He was an Indian freedom fighter
from Punjab.[16] After Independence, he was persuaded by India's first Prime Minister Nehru to
invest in a modern industrial venture. Ashok Motors was incorporated in 1948 as a company to
assemble and manufacture Austin cars from England, and the company was named after the
founder's only son, Ashok Saran. The company had its headquarters in Chennai, with the
manufacturing plant in Chennai. The company was engaged in the assembly and distribution of
Austin A40 passenger cars in India.
Under Leyland
Raghunandan Saran had previously negotiated with Leyland Motors of England for assembly of
commercial vehicles as he envisioned commercial vehicle were more in need at that time than
were passenger cars. The company later under Madras State Government and other shareholders
finalised for an investment and technology partner, and thus Leyland Motors joined in 1954 with
equity participation, changing the name of the company to Ashok Leyland. Ashok Leyland then
started manufacturing commercial vehicles. Under Leyland's management with British expatriate
and Indian executives the company grew in strength to become one of India's foremost commercial
vehicle manufacturers.
The collaboration ended sometime in 1975 but the holding of British Leyland, now a major British
Auto Conglomerate as a result of several mergers, agreed to assist in technology, which continued
until the 1980s. After 1975, changes in management structures saw the company launch various
vehicles in the Indian market, with many of these models continuing to this day with numerous
upgrades over the years.
Under Iveco and Hinduja partnership

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In 1987, the overseas holding by Land Rover Leyland International Holdings Limited (LRLOG)
was taken over by a joint venture between the Hinduja Group, the Non-Resident Indian
transnational group and Iveco, part of the Fiat Group.
Hinduja Group
In 2007, the Hinduja Group also bought out Iveco's indirect stake in Ashok Leyland. The promoter
shareholding now stands at 51%. Today the company is the flagship of the Hinduja Group, a
British-based and Indian originated trans-national conglomerate
Partnerships
Hino Motors
During the early 1980s Ashok Leyland entered into a collaboration with Japanese company Hino
Motors from whom technology for the H-series engines was sourced. Many indigenous versions
of the H-series engine were developed with 4 and 6 cylinders, and also conforming to BS2, BS3
& BS4 emission standards in India. These engines proved to be extremely popular with the
customers primarily for their excellent fuel efficiency. Most current models of Ashok Leyland
come with H-series engines. Japan entered into a Mutual Cooperation Agreement (MCA) on 27
November 2017 renewing their cooperative agreement that had started in 1986. According to the
agreement Ashok Leyland will use Hino's engine technology for its Euro 6 development and will
support in the development of Hino's engine parts purchasing in India for global operation.
Rosoboronexport & ELCOM
Ashok Leyland Defence Systems (ALDS), Russia's Rosoboronexport and ELCOM Group have
signed a cooperation agreement in defence business to provide tracked vehicles to Indian Armed
Forces. The agreement was signed on the side lines of the International Military Technical Forum
Army – 2017 held at Kubinka, near Moscow, on 25 August 2017.[32][33]
IIT Madras

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Ashok Leyland and Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT Madras) signed a memorandum
of understanding, on 19 August 2017, for Ashok Leyland to sponsor the Centre of Battery
Engineering (CoBE) at IIT Madras. As part of the agreement Ashok Leyland has partnered with
IIT Madras to carry out research and development (R&D) activities for strengthening battery
engineering and related sub-parts, especially for electric vehicles.
Sun Mobility
On 18 July 2017 Ashok Leyland announced the formation of an alliance with SUN Mobility, The
global partnership aims to develop electric vehicles.[36]
Iveco partnership
In the late 1980s Iveco investment and partnership resulted in Ashok Leyland launching the 'Cargo'
range of trucks based on European Ford Cargo trucks. The Cargo entered production in 1994, at
Ashok Leyland's new plant in Hosur, southeast of Bengaluru. These vehicles used Iveco engines
and for the first time had factory-fitted cabs. Though the Cargo trucks are no longer in production
and the use of Iveco engine was discontinued, the cab continues to be used on the Ecomet range
of trucks as well as for several of Ashok Leyland's military vehicles. The Cargo was originally
introduced in 7 and 9 long tons (7,100 and 9,100 kg) versions; later, heavier-duty models from 15
to 26 long tons (15,200 to 26,400 kg) were progressively introduced.
PRODUCTS
The Current generation Ashok Leyland eComet
Ashok Leyland Titan Double Decker bus of BEST, Mumbai
Ashok Leyland City Transit Bus in Navi Mumbai
Ashok Leyland Inter-City Deluxe Bus operated by APSRTC

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Ashok Leyland Tusker Twin Axle Lorry with custom built cabin, a regular sight on Indian
highways
A 1980s-built short haul Ashok Leyland lorry in Tamil Nadu, still in operation
Technology
Ashok Leyland railbus manufactured by Sri Lanka Railway engineers

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It was the first in India to introduce multi-axled trucks, full air brakes and innovations like the rear
engine and articulated buses. In 1997, the company launched the country's first CNG bus, and in
2002 developed the first hybrid electric vehicle.
A Rural Mobile health clinic built on Ashok Leyland's e-comet truck
Ashok Leyland was already producing low-emission vehicles. Back in the 1980s and 1990s, Ashok
Leyland with various Tamil Nadu Transport Corporation, notably Cholan Roadways Corporation
based in Trichripally, experimented with low pollutant emission based on the CNG technology. In
2002 it developed the first hybrid electric vehicle. Ashok Leyland has also launched a mobile
emission clinic that operates on highways and at entry points to New Delhi. The clinic checks
vehicles for emission levels, recommends remedies and offers tips on maintenance and care. This
work will help generate valuable data and garner insight that will guide further development.
Hythane engines
Ashok Leyland has also developed hythane engines in association with the Australian company
Eden Energy. Ashok Leyland successfully developed a 6-cylinder, 6-litre (370 cu in) 92 kW (123
hp) BS-4 engine which uses hythane (H-CNG,) which is a blend of natural gas and around 20% of
hydrogen. Hydrogen helps improve the efficiency of the engine but the CNG aspect makes sure
that emissions are at a controlled level. A 4-cylinder 4-litre (240 cu in) 63 kW (84 hp) engine is
also being developed for H-CNG blend in a joint R&D program with MNRE (Ministry of New
and Renewable Energy) and Indian Oil Corporation.
CNG engines
The CNG concept is now in full swing, with more than 5,500 of the technology's vehicles running
around Delhi. The company is also already discussing the wide-scale use of hythane engines with
the Indian government. Hythane engines may be expected in the near future.
Hybrid technology
Plugin Hybrid Bus

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In the Auto Expo 2010 at Delhi, Ashok Leyland launched India's first plug-in CNG hybrid bus,
HYBUS. The hybrid bus offered 20–30% fuel saving over conventional buses powered by internal
combustion engine, and were more eco-friendly than regular CNG buses, as a result of its hybrid
technology that combined conventional CNG engine with electric propulsion system. The
propulsion system was powered by lithium-ion battery.
The other useful features of the bus included ultra-low entry at 390mm with kneeling option, noise-
free rear engine, front and rear air suspensions and retractable ramp for wheel-chair entry. Some
innovative pedestrian safety concepts were also introduced in the bus, like the sound and light
alerts while the bus moves, a camera-assisted reversing aid for the driver and night time
highlighters near the tail lights.
Non-plugin Hybrid Bus
At the Delhi Auto Expo 2016, Ashok Leyland introduced an advanced non-plugin version of
HYBUS. It is claimed to be India's first non-plugin series hybrid bus. The bus uses ultra-capacitors
to store energy, a feature that improves power density and fuel efficiency, because energy is stored
electrostatically and does not involve chemical reactions. The ultra-capacitors are claimed to be
4–5 times more durable than conventional lithium-ion batteries.
HYBUS is powered by an H-Series 6-cylinder diesel (BS IV compliant) engine that is not used to
drive the vehicle ahead, but to charge the ultra-capacitors that powers the 150 kW electric motor.
Automatic start-stop is used to decrease the overall engine idling time. The bus can restart using
the stored energy when the engine is off. The fuel-efficiency of the engine thus increases and NVH
(Noise-vibration-harshness) levels decrease.[60]
The buses and trucks are set to feature a new electronic shift-by-wire transmission technology as
well as electronic-controlled engine management for greater fuel efficiency. Ashok Leyland
focuses on improving fuel efficiency without affecting automotive power, and the vehicles will

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have a 5% improvement on fuel efficiency. Ashok Leyland is also developing electric batteries
and bio-fuel modes.
Electric Technology
In 2016 the company launched the country's first indigenously produced fully electric bus, called
Circuit. The bus is a zero-emission vehicle that can run 120 km on a single charge, and has an alert
system that can signal if the bus is low on power.[61] The bus will be introduced under the National
Electric Mobility Plan with an aim of 20% penetration of electric or hybrid vehicles by 2020.[62]
Euro 6 Truck
AT the Delhi Auto Expo 2016, the company showcased its first indigenously produced Euro 6
truck 4940. The truck is powered by the company's flagship range of engine, Neptune, which is an
8l engine that produces 400 hp and 1600Nm of torque. The truck is designed to meet Euro 6
norms.[63]
iEGR
In 2017, the company showcased iEGR (intelligent exhaust gas recirculation) technology for its
trucks and buses to meet BS-IV emission standards. The technology also promises other
advantages like better fuel efficiency than BS-III trucks, and power transmission up to 400 HP.[64]
iBUS
Ashok Leyland announced iBUS in the beginning of 2008, as part of the future for the country's
increasingly traffic-clogged major cities. Its Rs 60-lakh iBus is a feature-filled, low-floor concept
bus for the metros revealed during the Auto Expo 2008 in India. This low-floored iBus will have
the first of its kind features, including anti-lock braking system, electronic engine management
and passenger infotainment. The executive class has an airline like ambiance with wide LCD

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screens, reading lights, audio speakers and, for the first time, Internet on the move. A GPS system
enables vehicle tracking and display of dynamic route information on LCD screens, which can
also support infotainment packages including live data and news. The bus will probably be
equipped with an engine from the new Neptune family, which Ashok Leyland also introduced at
this exhibition, which is ready for the BS4/Euro 4 emission regulations and can be upgraded to
Euro 5.The ibus of Ashok leyland have hybrid technology

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Production department analysis
We have grown over these last 70 years,from a company assembling 350 Comet trucks in the year
1951, to a company that has registered sales of more than 1,00,000 medium and heavy commercial
vehicles in the domestic market, during last year.
Today we are proud of having at least one touch point every 50kms,across the length and breadth
of the country. The quality and the skill at our touchpoints is reflected in the recently conducted
3rd party customer satisfaction survey, wherein, Ashok Leyland topped the commercial vehicles
category at the dealer points.
In this long journey, we moved from being a single model manufacturing company, to an
organization which today offers more than ~500 variants, catering to almost each
segment/application.At Ashok Leyland, we offer a wide range of products that serves diverse
customers meeting their preferences and requirements. We ensure that our
products are as per current market needs and promote safety of our customers.
We are progressively promoting customer safety and improving fuel efficiency through best-in-
class technologies and exploring new avenues in the field of alternative fuel. Our R&D team is
geared towards innovating and manufacturing vehicles that are best
suited for Indian market. Our portfolio encompasses Buses, Trucks, Light Commercial Vehicles
(LCVs), Defence Mobility Solutions and Power Solutions.
Buses
We offer our buses in Intermediate Commercial vehicles (ICV), and Medium Commercial vehicle
(MDV) segments of the market. In ICV, our brand Sunshine dedicated to school application,
symbolizes safe journey and happy memories to the school children. In MDV, our Viking brand
continues to promise versatility and reliability. 166” (wheel base) Cheetah was launched for our
customers for their travel suited for hilly terrain. We continued to work alongside progressive State
Transport Undertakings (STU’s) to provide safe and comfortable public transport solutions by
supplying about 3000 buses last year. We manufacture a variety of buses ranging
from 18 to 80 seater, to suit different needs of our users with the following applications:

ASHOK LEYAND
23
• City application buses
• Sub-urban application buses
• Inter-city application buses
• School / Staff / Tourist application buses
• Special application buses
Trucks
The continuous growth in Ashok Leyland truck market share over the
last few years is an ample testimony of our products’ reliability, performance
and customer preference. Our customer base has continuously grown,
and today we are the preferred truck brand for all segments, be it Tippers, multi axles, tractors or
intermediate commercial vehicles. Our truck range spans from 2.5T to 49T GVW that caters to
over 70 diverse applications from construction & mining to distribution trucks to long haulage
vehicles & tractor-trailers. Medium & Heavy Commercial Vehicles (MHCVs) Based on
applications and GVW, our products serve the following segments.
• Distribution Trucks – ICV (Intermediate Commercial Vehicle) - 10 / 12 / 15 Tons
• Long Haul Trucks
• Haulage 4x2 – 19 Tons
• Multi-axle rigid trucks - 28 Tons /35 Tons / 41 Tons / 42 Tons
• Tractor (Articulated trucks) – 40 Tons / 45 Tons / 55 Tons
• Construction & Mining Tippers – 19Tons / 28 Tons / 35 Tons / 41 Tons /42 Tons
Light Commercial Vehicles (LCVs) Our light vehicles are employed in a variety of applications
such as intra-city and last-mile transportation of vegetables, fruits, mineral water, groceries, cold-
storage products, etc.Our first product ‘DOST’ was an award winning product and various
products have been added since its release.
Our latest addition to the DOST family is the Dost+ which comes with the Promise of MORE. It
offers best-in-class features which add More Value and help customers earn More and Prosper
.
Other LCVs include:

ASHOK LEYAND
24
PARTNER is a next generation LCV truck which not only offers superior mileage and overall
performance but also offers enhanced driver comfort. It is designedvand engineered for Tomorrow.
It is powered by the advance ZD30 engine provides 10% higher mileage than competitor products
and is designed to provide utmost comfort and safety to drivers during the long run. The Partner
ensures each ride is a comfortable one and a Profitable one..
The Partner Truck has won the LCV Cargo Carrier of the year 2018 at the Apollo CV Magazine
Awards 2018.
MiTR is a modern and new age bus that has been ergonomically designed keeping Technology
Ashok Leyland being a company with an aspiration to pioneer in world-class technology, we
haveconstituted the Technology Committee. The Technology Committee considers and approves
key decisions with regard to product planning and choice of technology thereof, and help prepare
the Company to be in step with or be ahead of emerging global product and technology trend.
Product Innovation
Our long-term accomplishments depends on creating innovative solutions that mproves customers’
lives –now and in the future. Which means understanding how our customers’ needs are changing,
and committing the expertise and resources required to drive technological progress in a
responsible way.
Globalization and digital connectivity have increased customer awareness and expectations of
today’s business. These,along with increased competition, have driven our industry to become
more customer-centric. Customer preferences towards more environmentally safe and
technologically advanced vehicles continue to evolve – partly driven by legislation that encourages
adopting fuel-efficient vehicles, and partly driven by new levels of customer awareness and growth
in digital technology. We carry out in-depth market research to understand the changing
customers,regulations and anticipate emerging market trends. This feedback helps to shape the

ASHOK LEYAND
25
development of new vehicles, customer experience, aftersales service and the relationships with
our brand.
Our design, engineering, process planning, manufacturing and supply chain teams work closely
through our vehicle development process, engaging with customers and other industry partners to
ensure we develop the class-leading vehicles and solutions that our customers expect. We also
prioritize safety considerations at every stage of our vehicle’s design and development. We
progressively evaluate how spontaneous and user-friendly new safety features are anticipating
customer interaction and responses to enhance their effectiveness.
All our vehicles undergo rigorous safety assessments. To remain a leader in our sector, we need to
keep abreast of customer expectations and market trends
– meeting demand for exceptionally high standards while recognizing differing environmental
priorities and social variables around the world.
And a vital focus of our evolving sustainability strategy is to gain a better understanding of the
end-of-life of our vehicles and the recyclability of the key components. While the end-of-life
vehicle recycling is well-established in the US, Europe and Japan, it is at an emerging stage in
India although the number of commercial vehicles have been increasing exponentially. We have
been constantly working to understand the end-of-life of our vehicles through our R&D. We aim
to take up the life cycle assessment study of our vehicles in the year ahead. We believe this will
help us gain a holistic perspective on the overall environmental impact of our vehicles on the
ecosystem we operate in.
The Electric Mobility Climate Change has emerged as one of the most critical risks that
needs to be addressed globally. As environmental regulations get stringent with each passing day,
it is important for us to develop products that are environmentally friendly and efficient at the same
time. With the Indian Government’s push towards electric vehicles through National Electric

ASHOK LEYAND
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Mobility Mission Plan [NEMMP], and Automotive Mission Plan [AMP], 2026, we have taken
measures to ensure that we stay ahead of the curve and launch electric vehicles that are future
ready. We have taken proactive measures to strengthen our product portfolio and have started with
the introduction of electric buses. Our proactive approach was recognized in multiple forums for
innovation and city-level solutions.
We have developed an EV product platform called ‘Circuit’. Under this,
we are exploring and experimenting both options of ‘Swap technology’and ‘Fast charging’ for the
product charging requirements- and will continue to explore, develop and offer other new
technologies as they emerge in technically feasible and commercially viable manner. The battery
swap technology is limited in nature and the batteries can be submitted for End of Life recycling.
As the charging infrastructure and battery operations are challenging, we are constantly working
towards increasing the battery life and are also exploring with active engagement with other stake
holders to connect the batteries to store energy after they have
completed relevant service life for the buses but still have enough capacity for storage applications.
The Indian government has set up an ambitious target for adoption of electricvehicles in the
country. The Ministry of Heavy Industries,
Government of India has shortlisted 11 cities in the country for introduction of electric
vehicles(EVs) in their public transport systems under the FAME (Faster Adoption and
Manufacturing of (Hybrid) and Electric Vehicles in India) scheme. The first phase of the scheme
was extended to March 2019 while In February 2019, the Government of India approved the
FAME-II scheme.
As the Indian Auto industry undergoes transformation, we at Ashok Leyland are taking these
transformations as business opportunities and exploring these changes to create more
environmentally and socially responsible products.
Leapfrog from BSIV to BSVI We are moving from BS-IV to BS-VI, which is also an adaptation
of Euro VI. As the parameters governing the technology of BS-VI, which is the emission levels of
NOx, PM, emission deterioration factor, atmospheric temperature differs for European and Asian
markets, it becomes challenging for us to design and develop products in a short span of time.

ASHOK LEYAND
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However, we are exploring, creating and testing our products and technological interventions to
make the vehicles compatible with BS-VI.
For this, our product development team has developed the following pillars that form the basis for
their operations to meet the market expectations of electric vehicles by mid of 2020. We have
established Modular Business Platform to create electric vehicles from varied segments of our
product portfolio.
We are bringing in 2 models of Euro VI compliant Light Commercial Vehicles [LCVs], which
would be competitive and efficient to garner the LCV market. We are working on 5 models of
intermediate commercial vehicles [ICVs]. We are also launching electric buses with leaner
engines, CNG fuel option and new technology of Automatic Transformation [AT].
We focus on transitioning special vehicles such as haulage and tipplers. We aim to start the pilot
production by the end of year 2019 and be ready to enter the market by 2020.
We are focused on sustainable mobility to ensure that we are at pace with the rapid market shifts.
We have made all efforts to ensure safety and efficiency of our products. We have not received
any customer grievances related to health and safety aspects of our products. Neither there have
been any complaints pertaining to the violations of product based compliances related to
advertisements and labeling.
Our Product portfolio PARTNER 17 Ft: Your reliable Partner in Progress
PARTNER is a next generation LCV truck which not only offers superior mileage and overall
performance but also offers enhanced driver comfort. It comes with a modern ‘Euro’ cabin with
air-conditioning (HVAC) options. It is designed and engineered for Tomorrow. It is powered by
the advance ZD30 engine provides 10% higher mileage than competitor products and is designed
to provide utmost comfort and safety to drivers during the long run.
Captain 2518
Its international cabin design combines best in class ergonomics with latest

ASHOK LEYAND
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technology to deliver superior comfort, longer life and optimal performance.Distinctive and
rugged, the captain has been designed to meet high productivity norms in mines, irrespective of
the depth or terrain and will redefine business economics. The high torque and fuel efficient H
series BS-IV engine with CRS fuel injection pump and the 9-speed gearbox make the captain truly
unstoppable. Our most driver friendly cabin on this model, not only provides
superior overall performance but alsocomfortable, safe rides to the driver. With fully adjustable
seats, option of natural ventilation or air-conditioned comfort, we ensure not only the comfort of
the driver but also with fatigue free driving ensure the safety of other road users.
4123 The path breaking 16-wheeler truck delivers 10% better Ton-kmpl over the current highest
selling 14 wheeler trucks in the industry. Thus, contributes to lower emissions/consumption of
precious fuel
.
Also, it carries 17% more load thereby easing road congestion. With another
industry first, this model is fitted with unitized wheel bearings where the grease
consumption is NIL during maintenance, eliminating effluent disposal and lower
environmental impact. With additional payload up to 5T over 37T trucks, new 4123 ensures
maximum load capacity and profits. Powered by proven H series 225HP engine 9 speed gearbox
and a reliable drive train fuel economy is assured. 1918 with 18.4 T GVW | 2818 with 28.5 T
GVW | 3518 with 35 T GVW iEGR is the most reliable technology which is non-hazardous and
gives the best in class TCO. Powered by proven and fuel efficient H series 6 cylinder CRS
engine. Reliable and durable aggregates for longer and lower maintenance. Improved drivability
and higher initial pickup
.
We have redesigned our haulage & multiaxle vehicles to suit new loading norms.
Now these new models carry additional
payload as follows:
1918 (18.4T GVW) : 2.2T
2818 (28.5T GVW) : 3.5T and
3518 (35T GVW) : 5T

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With no additional road space taken by these higher capacity trucks, we ensure lower road
congestion and pollution
.
U 4218 iEGR is the most reliable technology which is non-hazardous and gives the best in class
TCO. Powered by H series CRS engine, U4218 offers higher fuel efficiency, drivability and
economy. Factory built, fully suspended sleeper cabin makes long drive a breeze reducing
turnaround time and enhancing productivity. Ideally suited for parcel, market load and tankers.
Higher GVW and Payload Range:
In line with national objectives of higher productivity, we have introduced higher GVW vehicle
range right from 4X2 to 10X2 haulage/tractors. These vehicles carry 20% additional payload
utilizing same resources – both men and fuel.
Also, our long distance trucks are provided with i-alert devices which not only helps in tracking
the vehicle but also can communicate to emergency services (like ambulance, police, etc.) on a
click of a button. This takes care the safety and convenience of the cabin crew.
AC cabin on U Truck:
In line with our commitment to provide a comfortable work atmosphere to the driving crew, we
have introduced AC option on our popular U Truck range. With stress free driving conditions, the
driver is less fatigued, drives the trucks better and safer for himself and other road users. Also the
productivity of the truck goes up, reducing impact on environment.
BS IV iEGR
Ashok Leyland is the only player in Indian CV industry to use iEGR technology which eliminates
use of a chemical fluid called DEF to ensure emission levels.
On an average in a year the usage of this chemical is reduced by more than

ASHOK LEYAND
30
1200 liters PER TRUCK, thereby saving environment. Lynx Smart, Lynx Strong Buses Inclusion
of tubeless & radial tires ultimately improving fuel efficiency by up to 5%, thus reducing the
carbon
footprint, while offering better vehicle stability.
Front Engine Semi Low Floor- CNG Buses Included wheel chair lift in this product to make it a
disable friendly bus.

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31
HUMAN RESOURCE - DEPARTMENT OF ASHOK LEYLAND LTD.
HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
Human resource management is defined as the managing function of employees, developing and
compensating HR resulting in creation and development of human relations with the view to
contribute proportionately to the organizational individual and social goal.
VALUE STATEMENT
"We consider our employees as our most valuable asset and are committed to provide full
encouragement and support to them, to enhance their potential land contribution to the company's
business",
FUNCTIONS OF HR DEPARTMENT:
1) HR ACQUISITON

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32
Recruitment
Selection
2) HR DEVELOPMENT
Training and development Organization development
3) PERFORMANCE AND COMPENSATION
Performance appraisal
Incentives and benefits
4) MOTIVATION
Creating motivation environment
•Empowerment and participation
•HR Mobility
1) HR ACQUISITION
RECRUITMENT
Recruitment is the process of finding and attracting capable applicants for employment. The
process begins when new recruits are sought and ends when their applications are submitted. The
result is a pool of applicants from which new employees are selected.
SOURCES OF RECRUITMENT
The following are various external sources of recruitment
1. Consultancies
2. Campus recruitment
3. Lateral entries
(i)CONSULTANCIES
The department heads where requirements are needed informs to the HR department about the
requirement. The concerned person for recruitment gets the vacancies. Then the consultancies are
approached telling the requirements. The tit applications are mailed to attend the interview. If
satisfied, they are call approval for filling the personal interview.
(ii) CAMPUS RECRUITMENT
The recruitment panel goes to the reputed colleges to select the candidates.

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On the following basis they recruit the candidates
• GETS - Graduate Engineer Trainers
• DETS - Diploma Engineer Trainers
• ITI- Industrial Training Institute
(iii) LATERAL ENTRIES
They pick the experience candidates or people from other companies. The following is the process
of lateral entry recruitment:
1.Sourcing Written test b.
 Technical round interview
 Personal Interview
2.Interviews.
PROCEDURE FOR LATERAL RECRUITMENT
• Pre-Selection
• Selection
• Post-Selection
SELECTION
The selection procedure is concerned with selecting the right candidate at right time for right place.
The selection procedure saves a lot of time and money by eliminating candidates who are not
eligible for the post.
STEPS IN SELECTION
• Receiving of application
• Preparing of shortlist by the department
• Verification of resume by department head
• Interview (once round)
• Psychological test
Reference Background informational selection
•Placemen

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2) HR DEVELOPMENT
• TRAINING
Training is an on-going process aimed at capability-building of the employees at all levels. In
today's competitive mile organizations are increasingly turning to training to capture the cutting
edge. As they manage growth in a constantly changing environment.
Purposive training and planned retraining have an acquired priority status on the corporate agenda.
Centre stage in Ashok Leyland training endeavours is the management development centre, at
Chennai and Hosur.
Training programme is classified into
 Skill
 Knowledge
 Attitude
TRAINING PROCESS Of ASHOK LEYLAND LTD
Training programs in Ashok Leyland are:
• Quad I executives
• Competencies and priority needs of departments' units
• E-learning
• Induction for DET (2 years) GET (I year). Laterals (7 days)
• GENMOD training program.
• General Planning for retirement Budget spent for training (8hrs- Iday)
middle managers (3 to 4 persons) is 3-4 lakhs.
WORKMEN CAPABILITY BUILDING
Training & Development for the unionized employees at the manufacturing units is focused on
skill development. Both internal and external training is given for associates. Guest lectures of

ASHOK LEYAND
35
external faculty and various other industrial visits will be arranged for associates. In addition to
some programmes like engineering drawing and waste elimination are also conducted.
They also get faculty from corporate level. Training for senior middle level management is done
on the following basis:
1. Technical
2. Behavioural
3. Functional
MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT PLAN
Management development plan of Ashok Leyland focuses on the following competencies
• People leadership
• Transformational leadership
• Project management capability
• Result orientation
· Entrepreneurial perspective
HR processes such as job evaluation and competency mapping will be dovetailed into the
development plan to enhance objectivity and effectiveness.
DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES
The following are the developmental activities:
• TEI - Total Employee Involvement
• CFG -Cross Functional Group
• OC - Quality Circles
• SS - Suggestion Scheme
• Re-deployment
3)PERFORMANCE AND COMPENSATION

ASHOK LEYAND
36
• PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL
"Performance appraisal is the systematic evaluation of the individual with regard to his or her
performance on the job and his potential for development "In Ashok Leyland graphical scale
method is followed, it is also known as linear rating scale. In this, a printed appraisal form is used
for each appraise. The form consists of various employee characteristics and his job performance.
Various characteristics include initiative, leadership. dependability, creative ability, analytical
ability etc. The rating done on the basis of scale which is in continuum representing various degrees
of particular quality, Ashok Leyland use numbers say 5, 4, 3, 2 and I to denote points for various
degrees of excellent-poor, high-low, good-bad and so on. The appraisal form is divided into 8 parts
where under each part separate sections are being covered
 Part I- Performance in the present job (Employees achievements, goals) .
 Part II- Work behavior (Plans, objectives, activities, execution of plans)
 Part III- Abilities (Job knowledge, commitment to achieve results at work)
 Part IV- Potential (Areas of interest, personality traits, strength, weakness)
 Part V- Overall performance rating ( Based on assessment of part I. l II)
 Part VI- Training need (To improve performance in present job. to assume higher
responsibility)
 Part VII. Development plan (Job rotation, job enlargement, special assignment reputation
 Part VIII- Other comments
Five point scale of Ashok Leyland showing levels of performance:
1- Unsatisfactory - Does not meet job requirement at all.
2- Barely satisfactory - Just meets minimum job requirements
3- Good - Performance which adequately meets job requirements and occasionally produces good
over and above requirements
4-Superior Performance which is consistently significant beyond job requirements contributes in
related are also.
5. Exceptional - Consistently outstanding performance

ASHOK LEYAND
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The appraisal form also consists of customer satisfaction survey where the need, service provider
and period of assessment are all identified.
It also follows graphical scale method using a five point scale based on the criteria
1) Quality (Customer needs, service information, quality works complaints etc.)
2) Delivery (Delivery time, point of use, use or parts/service information)
3) Communication (Interaction with customers, listening to customer views, timely feedback, and
review changes with the customer)
4) Responsiveness (Responding to customer complaints, changes to customer needs)
5) Improvement (Positive attitude for improvement, implementation & effectiveness of
improvement and improvements at the customer end)
Overall Customer Rating=1+2+3+4+5
• EMPLOYEE RETENTION
Performance linked pay
The company has an annual appraisal system in place and pursuant to this system, performance
linked pay, annual variable pay and or commission is Employee motivation paid to the employees.
Ashok Leyland targets 100% of its employees to be involved in its continuous improvement
activities. Reward systems such as IMPROVE, RISE, BITES, 100% CLUB and GEMBA passport
scheme motivates people to contribute their ideas
• INCENTIVES
1) Surcharge on Direct Booking Incentive
2)Special Incentive Scheme.
Employee welfare schemes
The following are the welfare schemes available to the employees
• Canteen facilities
• Medical claims
• Transport facilities
• Ashok Leyland school for their children

ASHOK LEYAND
38
• Scholarship schemes
• Recreation facilities
BENEFITS
I) Tuition fee refund:
Reimbursement of expenses related to course fees, examination fees and purchase of books is
allowed upto 75% of amount spent per academic your subject to a maximum amount as given by
personnel administration.
2) Major medical plan:
Benefits will be available within the laid down overall limits for self dependants visa,
reimbursement of medical expenses and interest free loan
3) Medical reimbursement:
Domiciliary expenses incurred on domiciliary medical treatment shall be reimbursed subject to the
annual limits fixed from time to time

ASHOK LEYAND
39
SWOT ANALYSIS
Strengths in the SWOT Analysis of Ashok Leyland :
The leader in domestic market: Ashok Leyland had a strong market share (28.6%) in the medium
and heavy commercial vehicle segment in FY2015. It is the 2nd largest manufacturer of
commercial vehicles in India, also it is the 4th largest manufacturer of buses in the world. Thus,
the strong market position in different domains gives the company a better brand image and wider
customer base
Strong product portfolio: Ashok Leyland has forayed into a various segment of heavy, medium
and light vehicles which includes buses, trucks, defence vehicles, etc. The company also offers
diesel engines for industrial, marine and generator applications. The strong product portfolio
expands the customer base and market share.
Robust manufacturing capabilities: The strong manufacturing facilities of Ashok Leyland has
spread all over India. It also has facilities in the UK, Czech Republic, and the UAE. This helps the
company to maintain economies of scale.
Weaknesses in the SWOT analysis of Ashok Leyland:
Heavily dependent on the domestic market: In FY 2015, Ashok Leyland generated 87.3% of its
revenues from the domestic market. This makes it vulnerable to any economic and political
changes in the country. This gives an advantage to its prime competitor Tata Motors which
operates through a wider revenue base geographically.
Termination of JV with Nissan: In 2016, a Japanese company, Nissan Motor Company terminated
the 3 JVs signed with Ashok Leyland, ending 8-year-old business relationships. There were also
lawsuits filed against each other creating an unamicable atmosphere. Such instances can make the
company weak as it hurts the image of the company and also affects the financial condition as well
as operations.

ASHOK LEYAND
40
Opportunities in the SWOT analysis of Ashok Leyland:
Growing global automotive industry: The Global automotive industry has shown constant growth
in the recent years and thus creates an opportunity for Ashok Leyland to grab upon. The company
should focus on tapping the opportunities created in the global market, especially in the emerging
countries to take advantage of the growth in the industry and with it expand its footprint over the
globe.
Expanding Product portfolio: With its focus on research and development, Ashok Leyland should
look forward to expanding its product portfolio like it has done in the recent past by introducing
different heavy and medium commercial vehicles. This helps in expanding its market and provides
a competitive edge.
Exports: Many of the competitors have become wary of Ashok Leyland as it as entered exports of
its products in a big way and a bright future is expected of Ashok Leyland.
Threats in the SWOT analysis of Ashok Leyland:
Intense competition: Ashok Leyland faces competition from companies like Tata Motors,
Mahindra & Mahindra, Eicher Motors, Marcopolo, etc. The government has allowed 100% foreign
equity ownership in manufacturing vehicles industry which also leads intensifying competition.
Environmental Regulations: The industry is subjected to constant changes and up gradation in the
environmental regulatory requirements. The company has to comply with regulations regarding
emission levels, noise, safety and pollutant levels. Such regulations increase compliance costs
which could also affect the pricing strategy of the company.
Volatility in supply affects profitability: Some of the important commodities used in
manufacturing automobiles, including steel, aluminium, copper, zinc have been extremely

ASHOK LEYAND
41
susceptible to price changes in the recent years because of the supply-demand difference. This
affects the profitability of the company directly.

ASHOK LEYAND
42
Comparative Analysis
ABOUT ASHOK LEYLAND
• Ashok Leyland was established in 1948 as Ashok Motors and became Ashok Leyland in
the year 1955.Ashok Leyland is the second biggest producer of business vehicles in India, the third
biggest maker of transports on the planet and the tenth biggest makers of trucks.
ABOUT TATA MOTORS
• Tata Motors Limited (earlier TELCO, short for Tata Engineering and Locomotive
Company) is an Indian multinationalautomotive assembling organization settled in Mumbai,

ASHOK LEYAND
43
Maharashtra, India and an auxiliary of the Tata Group. Its items incorporate traveler vehicles,
trucks, vans, mentors, transports, development gear and military vehicles. It is the world's
17thlargest engine vehicle producing organization, fourth-biggest truck producer, and
secondlargest transport maker by volume.
Offer PRICE AS ON 31.12.2020
TATA MOTORS :186.55
ASHOK LEYLAND:99.00
Items OFFERED BY COMPANIES
ASHOK LEYLAND:
• TRUCKS
• BUSES
• LIGHT VEHICLES
TATA MOTORS:
• TRUCKS
• CARS
• PICKUP TRUCKS
• BUSES

ASHOK LEYAND
44
MANUFACTURING FACILITIES:
ASHOK LEYEAND
INDIA
• Ennore, Tamil Nadu in North Chennai – trucks, transports, motors, axles and forth
• Hosur, Tamil Nadu in Krishnagiri District – three contiguous plants (Hosur-1, Hosur-2,
CPPS) for trucks, uncommon vehicles and force units
• Alwar, Rajasthan – transport producing unit
• Bhandara, Maharashtra – gearbox unit
• Pantnagar, Uttarakhand – 75,000 yearly limit greenfield unit for new age stages and taxis
• Sengadu Village, Kanchipuram District in Tamil Nadu – specialized and creation office
for Ashok Leyland Defense Systems; another different specialized place for Nissan Ashok Leyland
vehicles
Europe
• Sherburn-in-Elmet, England – Optare Bus
Center East
• Ras Al Khaimah, UAE – transport producing office – joint endeavor between Ashok
Leyland and Ras Al Khaimah Economic Zone(RAKEZ) in UAE.

ASHOK LEYAND
45
TATA Motors has car assembling and gathering plants
• Jamshedpur,
• Pantnagar,
• Lucknow,
• Sanand,
• Dharwad
• Pune
• Argentina
• South Africa
• Great Britain
• Thailand
ASSETS
ASHOK LELAND:
RS.38,126 crore
TATA MOTORS:

ASHOK LEYAND
46
RS.322,121.26 crore
NO OF EMPLOYEES
ASHOK LEYLAND:
11463
TATA MOTORS:
78,906
MARKET CAP
ASHOK LEYLAND
RS.29,091 crore
TATA MOTORS
RS.61478 crore
CSR ACTIVITIES
ASHOK LEYLAND
Preventive Healthcare, Water and Sanitation
Schooling, Employability and Livelihoods Enhancement

ASHOK LEYAND
47
Sexual orientation, Equality and Women Empowerment, Senior Citizens Care
Ecological Sustainability
Legacy protection, Promoting Art, Craft and Culture, Public Libraries
Military Veteran Welfare
Advancing public and provincial games, Paralympic, Olympic games
Provincial Development
Commitment to Central Government Fund
TATA MOTORS:
Vidyadhanam - Education
Kaushalya - Employability or Skilling
Vasundhara - Environment
Amrutdhara - Drinking Water
Aadhaar - Affirmative Action
Seva - Volunteering

ASHOK LEYAND
48
FINDINGS
 The workers are satisfied with the Health meat iron provided by the company Particularly
Pure drinking water is more satisfied and the company has to improve the canteen facilities
 The workers are satisfied with the Work Environment. Most of the respondents are highly
satisfied with ventilation and lighting facilities. The company should maintain work place
properly
 The workers are satisfied with the Safety Measures provided by the company. Most of the
respondents are highly satisfied with the machines fenced. The firm should conduct mote
training programs to handle safety equipments
 The workers are satisfied with the welfare measures provided by the company. Mostly
employees are highly satisfied with first aid hex The company bowlt improve the rest room
and medical facilities
 The workers are satisfied with the Allowances provided by the company. Most of the
respondents are highly satisfied with overtime allowances Some of the respondents are not
satisfied with festival advance
 Table reveals that out of 100 respondents 35% of respondents are in between the age group
of 36 to 4 years and 10% of respondents are in between the age group of bek 23 years
 Table reveals that out of 100 respondents 35% of respondents are working in finance
department and 15% of respondents are working in production department.

ASHOK LEYAND
49
SUGGESTIONS
 The organization may conduct the general meetings for the purpose of creating proper
relationship between employee as well as employer.
 Some of the respondents feel the medical facilities are not satisfied. So the organization
should take necessary steps for improving the medical facilities to the employees
 Most of the respondents feel canteen facility is very good compare than other facilities, So
the organization follows the same principle for running the canteen facility.
 Most of the respondents feel the help line is not satisfied. So the organization takes
necessary steps to improve the help line facilities towards the employees.
 In Ashok Leyland Limited, all the safety and welfare facilities are there but some of the
facilities are not properly run such as medical, helpline facilities of to the company should
imperve the above facilities for the benefit of employees

ASHOK LEYAND
50
CONCLUSION
 Changing economic and social factors have made the concept of safety and welfare
measures are very relevant for research and analysis. For better understanding the safety
and welfare measures of employees the research was carried out in Ashok Leyland Limited,
Ennore.
 The primary objective of this study is to analyze the factor that causes of an imbalance
between safety and welfare measures of employees and suggests appropriate measures
taken by the employees in Ashok Leyland Limited
 The organization should follow the same rules and regulations regarding safety and welfare
facilities for the purpose of henefit of an employee in an organization
 The company may conduct the general meetings towards the employees for the purpose
the improving their product. Then the Ashok Leyland Limited is one of the best automobile
industries throughout the world. My best wishes for achieving your target
LEARNING EXPERIENCE
 In the process of studying about company profile I studied about many new
 terminologies
 In the process of study I learnt about many things about production.
BIBILIOGRAPHY
 Ashokleyland.com
 Moneycontrol.com
 Wikepedia.org

Ashok Leyland Organizational Study

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