Ashford 4: ­ Week 3 ­ Weekly Lecture          Weekly Lecture  Week Three Lecture  ELABORATION  Last week, we looked at searching the Internet, fair use, copyright, and plagiarism. This week, we  will take a deeper look at the Internet, or, the Web of Knowledge (Bowles, 2013) as described by  the author of our textbook. We will look “under the covers” so to speak, to see how the Internet  came to be what it is today and look at some of the key technologies that contribute to this  success.  The History of the Internet  What is the Internet? In simple terms, the Internet is a backbone, if you will, that allows millions of  computers to connect and communicate. This backbone provides hardware and software  protocols (rules) by which computers and servers exchange information. Needless to say, it is  much more complex than this simple explanation.  Let’s examine some of the history of the  Internet’s development into what it is today.  In its earliest incarnations, the Internet was envisioned as a way for computer laboratories to  connect and share resources and was supported through the Department of Defense (Bowles,  2013). The first Internet was known as DARPA (Defense Departments Advanced Research  Projects Agency) and was later shortened to ARPAnet. The original mission of ARPAnet was to  help the United States prepare for nuclear attack, but when the cold war ended, the amazing  result was the ability for computers and networks to connect and communicate from anywhere.  The importance of developing this network of computers cannot be understated. This  development led to standardizing communication and transmission protocols that have evolved to  the standards acknowledged today by everyone connected to the Internet.  When you explore Chapter 5, you will learn how data is routed around the Internet through the use  of packets and how packets are formed to create a message. These packets are routed around  the Internet via nodes to arrive at their destination, your computer. Proper routing is a result of  protocols (rules). And finally, modems are required to move the information along its path.  For more information on the history of the Internet, I recommend that you visit the ​Internet Society​.  They provide a pretty good look at some of the historical events that have brought us to where we  are today.  Security, Privacy, and Your Identity in the Digital World  With access and connectivity to the Internet ubiquitous, we are faced with many challenges. Now  more than ever, we are not only consumers of Internet content, but creators as well. We post our  status on Facebook, our vacation videos on YouTube, our photos on Instagram or any number of  social sharing sites, and even our resumes on LinkedIn. As we become more digitally active, we  gain a significant “digital footprint”.  It’s more important than ever to be aware of the many ways in  which one must protect themselves and their digital identity.  The first line of defens.

1. Ashford 4: - Week 3 - Weekly Lecture
Weekly Lecture
Week Three Lecture
ELABORATION
Last week, we looked at searching the Internet, fair use, copyrig
ht, and plagiarism. This week, we
will take a deeper look at the Internet, or, the Web of Knowledg
e (Bowles, 2013) as described by
the author of our textbook. We will look “under the covers” so t
o speak, to see how the Internet
came to be what it is today and look at some of the key technolo
gies that contribute to this
success.
The History of the Internet
What is the Internet? In simple terms, the Internet is a backbone
, if you will, that allows millions of
computers to connect and communicate. This backbone provides
hardware and software
protocols (rules) by which computers and servers exchange info
rmation. Needless to say, it is
much more complex than this simple explanation. Let’s examin
e some of the history of the
Internet’s development into what it is today.

2. In its earliest incarnations, the Internet was envisioned as a way
for computer laboratories to
connect and share resources and was supported through the Dep
artment of Defense (Bowles,
2013). The first Internet was known as DARPA (Defense Depart
ments Advanced Research
Projects Agency) and was later shortened to ARPAnet. The origi
nal mission of ARPAnet was to
help the United States prepare for nuclear attack, but when the c
old war ended, the amazing
result was the ability for computers and networks to connect an
d communicate from anywhere.
The importance of developing this network of computers cannot
be understated. This
development led to standardizing communication and transmissi
on protocols that have evolved to
the standards acknowledged today by everyone connected to the
Internet.
When you explore Chapter 5, you will learn how data is routed
around the Internet through the use
of packets and how packets are formed to create a message. The
se packets are routed around
the Internet via nodes to arrive at their destination, your comput
er. Proper routing is a result of
protocols (rules). And finally, modems are required to move the
information along its path.
For more information on the history of the Internet, I recommen
d that you visit the Internet Society.
They provide a pretty good look at some of the historical events
that have brought us to where we
are today.
Security, Privacy, and Your Identity in the Digital World

3. With access and connectivity to the Internet ubiquitous, we are f
aced with many challenges. Now
more than ever, we are not only consumers of Internet content,
but creators as well. We post our
status on Facebook, our vacation videos on YouTube, our photo
s on Instagram or any number of
social sharing sites, and even our resumes on LinkedIn. As we b
ecome more digitally active, we
gain a significant “digital footprint”. It’s more important than e
ver to be aware of the many ways in
which one must protect themselves and their digital identity.
The first line of defense should come from our home networks.
Many users have high speed
Internet access that includes Wi-Fi networks that allow everyon
e in the family access to the
Internet from any device. While this is an excellent way to “sha
re bandwidth”, unprotected Wi-Fi
networks can create opportunities for identity thieves.
An unprotected network is a quick and easy way for hackers to
gain access to your information.
This includes account numbers, usernames, and passwords. Whil
e a quick search of the Internet
will yield a number of really good articles on how to protect yo
ur home network, here is one that I
think does a good job of helping you do that:
10 Tips for Wireless Home Network Security. You
will also find additional links on this site that have more details
to help you secure your wireless
network. Your text does a great job of describing the importanc
e of encryption, firewalls, virus
detection, and how to secure your network. Pay special attention
to this important information, and
if you still have questions, don’t hesitate to seek professional ad
vice.
It is also important to be aware of what you do when you are on
free Wi-Fi networks when you are

4. away from home. Many of these networks are unprotected, mean
ing that anyone can use them,
without password or authentication. As a result, your data may
be at risk. A recent trend used by
hackers and identity thieves is to create Wi-Fi hotspots that app
ear authentic, but are really set-up
to fool users into thinking they are safe alternatives. The newly
coined term for this type of WiFi
hotspot is “honeypots”. The following article does a great job d
escribing the importance of
protecting yourself and your identity when uses public networks
: How to protect your privacy on
public Wi-Fi networks
Finally, it is important to remember that whatever you post on t
he Internet lives on forever. Even
deleting something does not completely delete it from the Intern
et. With the ever-increasing
popularity of social networking sites, many individuals post a gr
eat deal of personal information.
Information that you might feel is, well, personal can easily be
obtained by those that mean to do
you harm (hackers and identity thieves), as well as potential em
ployers. A survey of human
resource professionals asked if they check the Internet to learn
more about potential candidates
http://www.internetsociety.org/internet/what-internet/history-
internet/brief-history-internet
http://compnetworking.about.com/od/wirelesssecurity/tp/wifisec
urity.htm
http://www.techlicious.com/tip/how-to-protect-your-privacy-on-
public-wifi-networks/
http://www.techlicious.com/tip/how-to-protect-your-privacy-on-
public-wifi-networks/

5. (Doyle, n.d.). More than 50% of respondents said that they Goo
gle potential candidates to learn
more about their personal lives. As a result, it’s important to pr
otect your professional identity by
carefully monitoring what you post personally. CareerBuilder.co
m has some insightful suggestions
for protecting your professional identity in social media:
What do employers find when they search
for you online? The advice might surprise you!
Excel
This week, you will be exploring Microsoft Excel and learning s
ome of the uses of this valuable
tool. Excel is an application that is included in the Microsoft Of
fice suite of applications. The Office
suite includes Word, Excel, and PowerPoint, to name a few. Exc
el is a spreadsheet application
that allows users to perform mathematical, financial, and statisti
cal calculations. However, it’s
important to understand that Excel has many more uses than just
math!
Excel replicates ledger paper by providing rows and columns w
here users can enter information.
In addition, Excel contains a number of basic and complex form
ulas and functions that make
performing calculations much easier. Finally, Excel provides us
ers with powerful capabilities that
allow users to present numerical data in graphical charts to help
avoid the dreaded “wall of
numbers.” This helps users present numerical data in a more me
aningful manner. To see how you
might use Excel in your personal life, let’s look at this example.
Excel can be used for creating lists for organizing information.
The power of using Excel comes in

6. the ease of which Excel can sort and filter information. Imagine
that your family is moving.
Needless to say, there are a set of tasks to complete to prepare f
or a move. With each task, you
assign someone in the family to manage the task through comple
tion. You have a date when the
task needs to begin and a date when the task must be completed.
Some tasks may need to be
completed before others can begin. Once a task is complete, you
can enter the actual completion
date. Excel can be used to track these tasks. By using the filter f
eature, you can easily see what
tasks have no actual completion date and therefore are still outst
anding. You can sort the tasks by
due date and see which tasks are left to complete. Finally, you c
an use conditional formatting to
identify which tasks are overdue.
Excel is a powerful tool for use in the workplace and in your pe
rsonal life. You will be surprised by
just what you might use Excel to manage and track. Enjoy explo
ring this powerful and important
component of Microsoft Office.
References
Bowles, M. D. (2013). Introduction to computer literacy
. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education,
Inc.
Mitchell, B. (2015). 10 Wireless Home Network Security Tips
. Retrieved from
http://compnetworking.about.com/od/wirelesssecurity/tp/wifisec
urity.htm
Doyle, A. (n.d.). Job search internet privacy checklist
. Retrieved from
http://jobsearch.about.com/od/jobsearchblogs/a/privacy.htm

7. http://advice.careerbuilder.com/posts/think-before-you-post-
your-online-presence-can-cost-you-a-job
http://advice.careerbuilder.com/posts/think-before-you-post-
your-online-presence-can-cost-you-a-job
http://compnetworking.about.com/od/wirelesssecurity/tp/wifisec
urity.htm
http://jobsearch.about.com/od/jobsearchblogs/a/privacy.htm
Ashford 4: - Week 3 - Assignment
Using Microsoft Excel
As indicated in the guidance for Week 3 Excel can be used for
many purposes. For example,
Excel can be used to develop and track your personal income an
d expenses against a monthly
budget. Assume a family has developed a monthly budget and d
esires to compare actual
expenses for July to their budget.
Before we begin, for income and savings
we use the formula (Actual – Budget) and for costs or
expenses we use the formula (Budget –
Actual). We do this because we are trying to determine
whether the difference or variance is better or worse. It is bette
r to earn a higher salary but it is
worse to spend more than budget.
Here are the detailed instructions:
1.
In cell A1, enter the following title for this worksheet: Personal

8. Budget vs. Actuals.
2. In cell A3, enter the following: Item.
3. In cell B3, enter the following: Factor.
4. In cell C3, enter the following: Budget Amount.
5. In cell C4, enter the following: Per Month.
6. In cell D3, enter the following: Actual Amount.
7. In cell D4, enter the following: July.
8. In cell E3, enter the following: Difference.
9. In cell E4, enter the following: (Better/Worse)
Be sure to expand the columns so that the contents don’t overla
p the adjacent columns. At this
point, this is what your spreadsheet should look like:
The following set of instructions will build your line items list:
1. In cell A5, enter the following: Salary
2. In cell A6, enter the following: Federal Taxes
3. In cell A7, enter the following: State Taxes
4. In cell A8, enter the following: Available Income
5. Leave cell A9 blank. Leave all other cells in row 9 blank
6.
In cell A10, enter the following: Living Expenses: Rent/utilities
/groceries/phone
7.
In cell A11 through A14, use the example below to determine w
hat should be entered.
8. In cell A15, enter the following: Total Expenses
9.
Leave cell A16 blank, and leave all other cells in row 16 blank.
10. In cell A17, enter the following: Savings

9. This is what you should see in your line items list:
Next, let’s add the Factors:
1. In cell B6, enter the following: 15%
2. In cell B7, enter the following: 5%
3. Leave all other cells in column B blank
This is how it should appear:
The following set of instructions will help you create formulas i
n your spreadsheet. Excel has built
in formulas to make calculating data easier. Formulas always be
gin with the equal sign (=) which
tells Excel that a formula is being entered.
1. In cell C5, enter the following: 4000
2. In cell C6, enter the following: =+B6*C5
3.
Entering this formula will tell Excel to multiply the 15% federal
tax rate within cell B6 by the
$4,000 monthly amount in C5, which will return a $600 federal
tax cost.
4. In cell C7, enter the following: =+B7*C5
5.
Entering this formula will tell Excel to multiply the 5% state ta
x rate within cell B7 by the
$4,000 monthly amount in C5, which will return a $200 state ta
x cost.
6. In cell C8, enter the following: =+C5-C6-C7

10. 7.
Entering this formula will tell Excel to subtract the federal and
state tax amounts from the
salary amount to determine the monthly available income of $3,
200 after taxes. Continue
with the following instructions to enter the remaining data and f
ormulas into your spread
sheet.
8. In cell C10, enter the following: 1625
9. In cell C11, enter the following: 150
10. In cell C12, enter the following: 300
11. In cell C13, enter the following: 350
12. In cell C14, enter the following: 725
13. In cell C15, enter the following: formula: =SUM(C10:C14)
14. In cell C16, enter the following: blank
15. In cell C17, enter the following formula: =C8-C15
16. In cell D5, enter the following: 4100
17. In cell D6, enter the following: =+D5*B6
18. In cell D7, enter the following: =+D5*B7
19.
Place the cursor over cell C8, presspress Ctrl and C at the same
time, and move the
cursor to cell D8, presspress Ctrl and V at the same time. You
should see $3,280. You
copied and pasted the formula from C8 into D8. From now on
we will just say “press Ctrl
C” for copy and “press Ctrl V” for paste.
20. In cell D10, enter the following: 1682
21. In cell D11, enter the following: 165

11. 22. In cells D12, enter the following: 270
23. In cell D13, enter the following: 295
24. In cell D14, enter the following: 715
25.
Place the cursor over cell C15, press Ctrl C, move the cursor to
cell D15, press Ctrl V.
You should see 3127. You copied and pasted the formula from
C15 into D15.
26.
Place the cursor over cell C17, press Ctrl C, move the cursor to
cell D17, press Ctrl V.
You should see 153. You copied and pasted the formula from C
17 into D17.
27. In cell E5, enter the following: =+D5-C5
28. In cell E6, enter the following: =+C6-D6
29. In cell E7, enter the following: =+C7-D7
30. In cell E8, enter the following: =+D8-C8
31. In cell E10, enter the following: =+C10-D10
32.
Place the cursor over cell E10, press Ctrl C, with the cursor hig
hlight cells E11 through
E14 then press Ctrl V.
33. In cell E15, enter the following: =+C15-D15
34.
In cell E17, enter the following: =+D17-C17. You are almost do
ne.
This is what your spreadsheet to this point should look like:
To see all the formulas you’ve entered into the spread sheet, cli
ck on the Formulas Tab and

12. select Show Formulas to see the formulas.
This is what the formulas should look like in the spreadsheet:
Click Show Formulas
again to return to the normal spreadsheet view.
1. With the cursor highlight cells from C5 through E17.
2. It should look similar to this:
1. Right click, then select Format Cells in the popup menu:
Then make the selections indicated in the options box pictured b
elow.
These selections will remove the decimals and add a dollar sign
to the columns.
1.
Finalize your worksheet by making sure all columns are formatt
ed to accommodate the
size of the data. In the same popup box pictured above in the
Border tab, you can format
your table as needed to assure it looks clean and neat. Consider
putting borders to
separate cells. Consider making titles bold.

13. 2.
Save your worksheet. This is what it should look like when you’
re done:
Making a Chart for Budget Expenses
To view a brief ‘How To’ video for creating a chart in your spre
adsheet, click on the video below.
1. To make a chart for budget expenses:
● Use the cursor to highlight from A10 to A14
● Hold down the Control key (Ctrl) and select C10 to C14
Your columns should look similar to this:
● Click the “Insert” tab.
● Click the column chart
Select 2-D Column
In Microsoft Office version 2010 and prior, you will see the Ch
art Tool activated at the top of the
screen for the formatting elements. Click the chart and press the
help key (F1) in Microsoft Office

14. to open the help function for the options available in your versi
on. This is a clip of Microsoft
version 2010 for your reference:
In the
2013 version of Microsoft Office which is demonstrated below
, you should then see
something similar to the following graphic
●
Use the options to the right to format your chart. Click ‘Chart T
itle’ to change it to ‘Personal
Budget Expenses’. You can also select other options to see how
they affect the
appearance of your chart.
●
Move chart underneath the table by placing the cursor on the fra
me and dragging the
diagram under the budget table. You can expand the size of the
chart by selecting and
dragging any of its corners.
Your finished spreadsheet should look similar to this example:
Writing specialists are here 24/7, every day of the
year, ready to support you!
● Click HERE to instantly chat with an online tutor.
● Click HERE to submit your paper for a review. Papers are

15. returned within 24 hours with a revision plan.
● Click HERE to email us any writing questions.
http://toolmanagement.next.ecollege.com/tools/thirdparty/blti.e
d?launch=LS:LinkSystems:NetTutor:LINK_ID:LINK_DESCRIP
TION
http://toolmanagement.next.ecollege.com/tools/thirdparty/blti.e
d?launch=LS:LinkSystems:NetTutor:LINK_ID:LINK_DESCRIP
TION
● For additional writing resources like Grammarly, click on the
Writing Center tab in the left navigation pane.
●
Carefully review the Grading Rubric
for the criteria that will be used to evaluate your assignment.
https://bridgepoint.equella.ecollege.com/curriculum/file/77fdaf6
1-d89d-4816-8b1e-
5a238c3f86a0/1/The%20Grammarly%20Guide%20How%20to%
20Set%20Up%20%26%20Use%20Grammarly_LSWC.zip/story.h
tml
http://ashford.waypointoutcomes.com/assessment/19892/previe
w