Here are the key points I would highlight about the headroom approach based on the information provided:
- The headroom approach aims to address concerns that goodwill impairments are not recognized in a timely manner by considering movements in total headroom (recoverable amount minus carrying amount) when testing goodwill for impairment.
- Currently, decreases in total headroom are fully absorbed by unrecognized headroom (internally generated goodwill and other intangibles). The headroom approach introduces a rebuttable presumption that decreases in total headroom are attributable to acquired goodwill.
- This removes the "shielding effect" of unrecognized headroom and could lead to more timely recognition of goodwill impairments. However, it also increases
This document discusses capital budgeting and various techniques used to evaluate capital expenditure projects. It defines capital budgeting as evaluating long-term investments to maximize shareholder wealth. Various criteria used to evaluate projects are discussed, including traditional non-discounted methods like average rate of return and payback period, as well as discounted cash flow methods like net present value, internal rate of return, and profitability index. The advantages and disadvantages of each method are also summarized.
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Audit Risk Assessment of Telstra Corporation Limited
Introduction
This report presents an audit risk assessment of Telstra Corporation Limited, one of Australia's largest telecommunications companies. The assessment identifies key risk areas that could impact the accuracy and reliability of Telstra's financial statements.
Industry Risks
As a telecommunications provider, Telstra faces risks common to the industry such as rapid technological changes, intense competition, and regulatory changes. These risks could impact Telstra's financial position and performance.
Audit Risk Model
The audit risk model identifies major risk areas for Telstra based on inherent, control, and detection risk. Key risks are discussed below.
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Financial reporting for equity compensation is not a new topic. However, developments in the complexity of the types of awards offered combined with vagueness in guidance has resulted in an evolution of best practices in financial reporting. Attend this session and hear how best in class companies are currently handling their financial reporting as a result. Get tips for how to handle your financial reporting dilemmas—whether in a system or in excel. What’s more, hear all about the latest trends in award design that are causing financial reporting issues and how best to address these. Financial reporting for equity compensation will never be easier!
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This series is designed to explore a fundamental question that was raised by the NACD Blue Ribbon Commission on Strategy Development: “Does your company’s incentive structure reinforce or unintentionally undermine its chosen strategy?”
Parts 1 and 2 – which are available for replay – outlined a number of diagnostic tools and approaches that boards can use to uncover potential misalignment between their strategy and the compensation program design. We’ve also looked at various protocols that can help improve alignment and drive toward desired goals.
As we know – protocols cannot anticipate every situation. The fresh news on the proposed SEC rules regarding pay for performance disclosure is a perfect example!
I’m joined today by Jim Heim and Theo Sharp, both managing directors in the Boston office of Pearl Meyer and Partners and today we’re going to talk about some real-world examples that show how companies have put these smart theories and protocols into practice and how they’ve remained disciplined toward strategy execution but also flexible to accommodate the unexpected.
This document provides an outline for a presentation on capital budgeting. It discusses capital budgeting theory, evaluation methods like net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), and profitability index (PI). It covers the importance of capital budgeting, types of capital budgeting projects, and the eight step capital budgeting process. Evaluation methods are examined in depth including their strengths and weaknesses. The presentation aims to help the audience understand capital budgeting and how to select projects that maximize shareholder wealth.
This document provides an overview of financial statement analysis. It discusses the objectives of ratio analysis, which involves calculating ratios to analyze a company's profitability, liquidity, asset management, financial leverage, and investor returns. Specific profitability, liquidity, and leverage ratios are defined. The document also covers cash flow analysis, interpreting ratio results, drivers of profitability and growth, and the importance of considering both financial and non-financial accounting information in analysis.
Brookside Energy Ltd is an Australian publicly traded company that focuses on oil and gas exploration and production in the United States. The company has established relationships in the oil and gas sector over the past 10 years. According to its financial statements for the period ending June 2015, Brookside saw decreases in current assets and non-current assets compared to the prior period. It also saw an increase in current liabilities. Overall, the company's equity decreased substantially from the prior period, suggesting it paid off shares and had difficulty obtaining funds from the market.
This document provides information about the syllabus, question paper design, and sample questions for Accountancy (Code No. 055) Class XII exam conducted by the Central Board of Secondary Education in India.
The syllabus is divided into three parts: Part A covers accounting for partnership firms and companies; Part B covers either financial statement analysis or computerized accounting; Part C involves a project or practical work. The question paper will consist of very short answer, short answer, and long answer questions assessing different cognitive levels. Sample questions on topics like partnership reconstitution, treatment of goodwill, and settlement of partner's loan on dissolution are given.
This document discusses capital budgeting and various techniques used to evaluate capital expenditure projects. It defines capital budgeting as evaluating long-term investments to maximize shareholder wealth. Various criteria used to evaluate projects are discussed, including traditional non-discounted methods like average rate of return and payback period, as well as discounted cash flow methods like net present value, internal rate of return, and profitability index. The advantages and disadvantages of each method are also summarized.
Here is a draft audit risk assessment report on Telstra Corporation Limited:
Audit Risk Assessment of Telstra Corporation Limited
Introduction
This report presents an audit risk assessment of Telstra Corporation Limited, one of Australia's largest telecommunications companies. The assessment identifies key risk areas that could impact the accuracy and reliability of Telstra's financial statements.
Industry Risks
As a telecommunications provider, Telstra faces risks common to the industry such as rapid technological changes, intense competition, and regulatory changes. These risks could impact Telstra's financial position and performance.
Audit Risk Model
The audit risk model identifies major risk areas for Telstra based on inherent, control, and detection risk. Key risks are discussed below.
GEO NECF 2015 - Best Practices and Trends in Financial ReportingAndrea Huck-Esposito
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This series is designed to explore a fundamental question that was raised by the NACD Blue Ribbon Commission on Strategy Development: “Does your company’s incentive structure reinforce or unintentionally undermine its chosen strategy?”
Parts 1 and 2 – which are available for replay – outlined a number of diagnostic tools and approaches that boards can use to uncover potential misalignment between their strategy and the compensation program design. We’ve also looked at various protocols that can help improve alignment and drive toward desired goals.
As we know – protocols cannot anticipate every situation. The fresh news on the proposed SEC rules regarding pay for performance disclosure is a perfect example!
I’m joined today by Jim Heim and Theo Sharp, both managing directors in the Boston office of Pearl Meyer and Partners and today we’re going to talk about some real-world examples that show how companies have put these smart theories and protocols into practice and how they’ve remained disciplined toward strategy execution but also flexible to accommodate the unexpected.
This document provides an outline for a presentation on capital budgeting. It discusses capital budgeting theory, evaluation methods like net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), and profitability index (PI). It covers the importance of capital budgeting, types of capital budgeting projects, and the eight step capital budgeting process. Evaluation methods are examined in depth including their strengths and weaknesses. The presentation aims to help the audience understand capital budgeting and how to select projects that maximize shareholder wealth.
This document provides an overview of financial statement analysis. It discusses the objectives of ratio analysis, which involves calculating ratios to analyze a company's profitability, liquidity, asset management, financial leverage, and investor returns. Specific profitability, liquidity, and leverage ratios are defined. The document also covers cash flow analysis, interpreting ratio results, drivers of profitability and growth, and the importance of considering both financial and non-financial accounting information in analysis.
Brookside Energy Ltd is an Australian publicly traded company that focuses on oil and gas exploration and production in the United States. The company has established relationships in the oil and gas sector over the past 10 years. According to its financial statements for the period ending June 2015, Brookside saw decreases in current assets and non-current assets compared to the prior period. It also saw an increase in current liabilities. Overall, the company's equity decreased substantially from the prior period, suggesting it paid off shares and had difficulty obtaining funds from the market.
This document provides information about the syllabus, question paper design, and sample questions for Accountancy (Code No. 055) Class XII exam conducted by the Central Board of Secondary Education in India.
The syllabus is divided into three parts: Part A covers accounting for partnership firms and companies; Part B covers either financial statement analysis or computerized accounting; Part C involves a project or practical work. The question paper will consist of very short answer, short answer, and long answer questions assessing different cognitive levels. Sample questions on topics like partnership reconstitution, treatment of goodwill, and settlement of partner's loan on dissolution are given.
The document discusses restructuring the debts of Dhandapani Finance Limited (DFL), a non-banking financial company in India. DFL's financial position deteriorated due to external factors like the global recession affecting its business. Its debts were proposed for restructuring under the Corporate Debt Restructuring mechanism. The restructuring considered DFL's future outlook and viability. A cash flow statement projected repayment over five years at 15% interest, with assumptions about new customers, loan sizes, defaults, non-performing assets and provisions. The restructuring aimed to minimize losses for creditors and support DFL's continuing operations.
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This document contains information related to chapter 5 of the textbook, including assignment questions classified by topic and learning objective. It includes brief exercises, exercises, and problems related to preparing and analyzing statements of financial position and cash flows. It also contains a table describing the characteristics of each assignment, such as level of difficulty and estimated time to complete. The document provides guidance to instructors for assigning work related to analyzing and preparing key financial statements.
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The Future of Auditor Reporting Forum, held by Institute of Singapore Chartered Accountants
Sharing from Mr Shariq Barmaky, Deputy Chairman, ISCA Auditing and Assurance Standards Committee; Partner, Deloitte & Touche LLP
This document provides an overview of the topics covered in a course on financial management. It is divided into six parts that cover: definitions of key terms; valuation of financial assets like bonds and stocks; investment in long-term assets using techniques like net present value, internal rate of return, and payback period; capital structure and dividend policy; working capital management; and special topics in finance. Key concepts explained in more depth include calculating free cash flows, capital budgeting criteria, and dealing with capital rationing and mutually exclusive projects.
This document discusses capital budgeting and provides an outline for a presentation on the topic. It defines capital budgeting as the process of analyzing projects and deciding which ones to include in a capital budget. The presentation will cover duties of financial managers, definitions of budgets, types of capital budgeting projects, evaluation criteria like net present value, internal rate of return and profitability index, and will conclude with a summary. It is being presented to Mr. Kashif Abbas by three students for their management sciences program.
This document provides an introduction to analyzing company finances through interpreting financial statements and calculating key ratios. It outlines four steps to analyze financial statements: scan for large numbers, variances, and inconsistencies; identify focus areas; calculate appropriate ratios; and determine implications. It then defines profitability, liquidity, and gearing ratios and explains how to calculate ratios like return on capital employed, current ratio, and debt-to-equity. Finally, it instructs attending a seminar to analyze the financials of an assigned hotel company, present key findings and a justified investment recommendation.
This document is a presentation on working capital management by students from World University of Bangladesh. It includes the names and IDs of the group members, as well as objectives to analyze working capital management practices of a textile company through ratios and determine problems and suggestions. It discusses concepts of working capital, components of current assets and liabilities, classifications, determinants, control techniques, and importance of adequate but not excessive working capital management.
Working capital refers to the funds required to operate a business on a day-to-day basis. It is used to acquire current assets such as inventory and accounts receivable. There are various methods to assess working capital requirements, including the operating cycle method, turnover method, and projected balance sheet method. The operating cycle method calculates needs based on the time required to complete the operating cycle from acquiring raw materials to collecting payment from customers. The turnover method, recommended by the Nayak Committee, sets the requirement at 25% of projected annual turnover. Proper validation of projections is important when using the projected balance sheet method for larger businesses.
This document discusses ratio analysis for financial statement evaluation. It defines ratios and explains that ratios reveal relationships between financial data that can help analysts evaluate a company's performance, financial position, and risks. The document then categorizes common ratios into groups like liquidity, leverage, activity, and profitability ratios. It provides formulas and interpretations for important ratios within each category, such as current ratio, debt-to-equity ratio, inventory turnover, and return on assets. Overall, the document outlines the key aspects of using ratios to analyze a company's financial statements.
The document provides an overview of Accounting Standard 28 regarding impairment of assets. It outlines the applicability of the standard to different levels of enterprises based on their size. It describes the objective to identify impaired assets and ensure they are not carried at more than their recoverable amount. It also covers key aspects like computation of impairment loss, treatment, disclosures and transitional provisions.
The document provides an overview of Accounting Standard 28 regarding impairment of assets. It outlines the applicability of the standard to different levels of enterprises based on their size. It describes the objective to identify impaired assets and ensure they are not carried at more than their recoverable amount. It also covers key aspects like computation of impairment loss, treatment, disclosures and transitional provisions.
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- Financial ratio analysis helps analyze relationships between financial variables and compare performance over time, against competitors, and industry norms.
- Key ratios are discussed to measure profitability, operating efficiency, liquidity, solvency, and valuation.
- The DuPont analysis framework breaks down return on equity into operating efficiency, asset utilization, and financial leverage.
- Profitability analysis should consider metrics at different levels like product, market, and customer to optimize overall profits.
The document provides background information on WidgetsRUs, a retail company experiencing declining performance and increasing competitive pressures. A strategic review identified issues including weak online sales, brand image, rising costs, and lack of cross-organizational coordination. The company appointed a Portfolio Director to implement portfolio management and address these issues through prioritizing initiatives, efficient delivery, and optimized benefits realization. A portfolio prioritization and delivery planning exercise was undertaken for the next 12 months.
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Financial analysis of TATA TELESERVICES LTDKHALIL AHMAD
Tata Teleservices is an Indian telecommunications company that offers fixed and mobile telephony, broadband, and other network services. It has over $7.5 billion committed to communications investments. The document provides an overview of Tata Teleservices, including its products and financial performance from 2010-2014 based on ratio analysis of financial statements. Key ratios show the company's profitability declined and losses increased over this period while current ratio decreased, indicating worsening liquidity and solvency.
This document discusses critical issues in negotiating venture capital investment for technology and ecommerce companies. It provides a checklist of considerations for a startup company seeking its initial round of venture capital funding. The checklist covers pre-funding issues like preparing an executive summary and business plan, selecting a management team, and anticipating future capital structures. It also addresses selecting venture capital firms and understanding the extent of their control in the investment.
Rose leisure club co Financial system and Auditing Assignment Rida Butt
Rose Leisure Club Co (Rose) operates a chain of health and fitness clubs. Its year end was 31 October 2012. You are the audit manager and the year-end audit is due to commence shortly. The following three matters have been brought to your attention.
(i) Trade payables and accruals
Rose’s finance director has notified you that an error occurred in the closing of the purchase ledger at the year end. Rather than it closing on 1 November, it accidentally closed one week earlier on 25 October. All Purchase invoices received between 25 October and the year end have been posted to the 2013 year-end
Purchase ledger.
(ii) Receivables
Rose’s trade receivables have historically been low as most members pay monthly in advance. However, during the year a number of companies have taken up group memberships at Rose and hence the receivables balance is now material. The audit senior has undertaken a receivables circularisation for the balances at the year end; however, there are a number who have not responded and a number of responses with differences.
(iii) Reorganisation
The company recently announced its plans to reorganize its health and fitness clubs. This will involve closing some clubs for refurbishment, retraining some existing staff and disposing of some surplus assets. These plans were agreed at a board meeting in October and announced to their shareholders on 29 October. Rose is proposing to make a reorganisation provision in the financial statements
Describe substantive procedures you would perform to obtain sufficient and appropriate audit evidence in relation to the above three matters............................................
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The company recently announced its plans to reorganize its health and fitness clubs. This will involve closing some clubs for refurbishment, retraining some existing staff and disposing of some surplus assets. These plans were agreed at a board meeting in October and announced to their shareholders on 29 October. Rose is proposing to make a reorganisation provision in the financial statements
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2. 2
To seek views about:
• an approach to the impairment testing of goodwill that considers movements in
headroom [headroom is the excess of the recoverable amount of a cash-generating
unit (or group of units) over the carrying amount of that unit]; and
• the requirement in IFRS 3 Business Combinations to recognise identifiable
intangible assets acquired in a business combination.
Objective of the meeting
3. 3
Page(s)
• Brief background of Goodwill and Impairment research project 4–7
– Question to ASAF members on the Board's tentative decisions 8
• Improving effectiveness of impairment testing of goodwill using the headroom approach 9–20
1. Frequently used terms 2. Why improve the impairment test?
3. How to improve the impairment test? 4. Headroom approach
5. Pros and cons of the headroom approach 6. Recent feedback from CMAC and GPF
– Questions to ASAF members on the headroom approach 22
• Separate recognition of identifiable intangible assets acquired in a business combination 23–35
1. Feedback from PIR of IFRS 3 2. Possible approaches for Board’s consideration
3. Recent feedback from CMAC and GPF
– Questions to ASAF members about intangible assets 36
• Appendix A—Past discussions with ASAF 38–42
Contents of the paper
5. 5
Entities started
implementing
revised version of
IFRS 3 Business
Combinations
2009
2013
The Board sought
stakeholder feedback
on specified matters
as part of the Post-
implementation
Review of IFRS 3
Having reviewed the
stakeholders’ feedback and
academic research, the
Board identified issues/topics
for further research and
follow-up (see pages 6–7)
2015
2017
The Board made
tentative decisions on
some topics (see
pages 6–7)
The Board will
soon decide the
next stage of the
research project
2018
Brief background (1/3)
6. 6
Feedback received Topic for research Current status of Board’s research
There are delays in
recognition of impairments
of goodwill.
Topic 1—Can the impairment
testing model for goodwill be
improved?
(Focus of this ASAF meeting)
The Board tentatively decided to consider using
the unrecognised headroom as an additional
input in the impairment testing of goodwill.
Headroom is the excess of the recoverable
amount of a cash-generating unit (or group of
units) over the carrying amount of the unit(s).1
Impairment testing of
goodwill is a costly process.
Topic 2—Can impairment testing
be simplified without making it
less robust?
The Board tentatively decided to consider
simplifying the value in use calculation.2
Financial statements do not
include information to
assess performance of an
acquired business.
Topic 3—Can the quality of
information provided to the users
of financial statements be
improved without imposing costs
for preparers that outweigh the
benefits?
The Board tentatively decided to consider
requiring entities to disclose:
(a) the unrecognised headroom;
(b) breakdown of goodwill by past acquisition;
and
(c) information about value creation from new
acquisitions.1
Brief background (2/3)
1. Members may refer to Agenda Papers 18C and 18F for the December 2017 Board meeting for more information.
2. Members may refer to Agenda Papers 18–18B for the January 2018 Board meeting for more information.
7. 7
Issue identified Topic for research Current status of Board’s research
Testing goodwill only for
impairment without
amortising it is not
appropriate.
Topic 4—Are there any new
conceptual arguments or new
information in support of amortising
goodwill?
The Board tentatively decided not to
consider reintroducing amortisation of
goodwill.3
Valuing some intangible
assets on an acquisition is
a costly process and does
not provide useful
information to investors.
Topic 5—Can an entity be allowed
to include some acquired identifiable
intangible assets within goodwill
arising on an acquisition?
(Focus of this ASAF meeting)
• No decisions made
• This topic is scheduled for discussion at
the April 2018 Board meeting
Brief background (3/3)
3. Members may refer to Agenda Paper 18B for the December 2017 Board meeting for more information.
8. 8
1. Do you have any comments or feedback about the Board’s tentative decisions on
Topics 2, 3 and 4 listed on pages 6–7?
Question to ASAF
10. 10
Frequently used terms
For the benefit of members, terms and acronyms frequently used in this section of the paper are defined or
commented on below.
Cash-generating unit
(unit)
Smallest identifiable group of assets that generates cash inflows that are largely
independent of the cash inflows from other assets or groups of assets.
References to a ‘unit’ should also be read as referring to groups of units.
Recoverable amount
(RA) of a unit
Recoverable amount is higher of fair value less costs of disposal (FVLCD) and
value in use (VIU).
Carrying amount (CA)
of a unit
Carrying amount includes the carrying amount of only those assets that can be
attributed directly, or allocated on a reasonable and consistent basis, to the unit.
This also includes carrying amount of acquired goodwill allocated to the unit.
Unrecognised
headroom (UH)
Difference between the recoverable amount of a unit and its carrying amount.
This difference mainly comprises internally generated goodwill and unrecognised
intangible assets, if any.
Total headroom (TH) Sum of the unrecognised headroom of a unit and the carrying amount of
acquired goodwill allocated to that unit.
11. 11
Why improve the impairment test? (1/2)
IAS 36 requirements
• Goodwill tested for
impairment at the level of a
unit to which goodwill
relates
• RA of the unit to be
measured every year
• No impairment if RA > CA
Investors’ concerns
• Entity-specific nature of
VIU gives scope for
management’s optimism to
creep into impairment test
to avoid recognising any
impairment
• Impairments of goodwill are
not recognised at the right
time and in the right
amounts
Staff research
Likely causes—
• Unwarranted
management optimism
• Shielding effect of
internally generated
goodwill
12. 12
What is the shielding effect?
Is it possible to remove the
shielding effect?
• In the current model, RA of a unit is compared with its
CA.
• Impairment of goodwill is recognised only if RA < CA
• If there is a decrease in RA for reasons such as an
acquisition not giving rise to synergies as expected,
such decrease is not reflected in performance so long as
RA of the unit is higher than its CA
• This is because, the unrecognised headroom ([RA - CA]
which mainly comprises internally generated goodwill)
always absorbs the first layer of decreases in RA; thus,
it shields the acquired goodwill.
• A possible simple solution would be
to make a rebuttable presumption
that the first layer of decreases in
RA is attributable to acquired
goodwill
• For this purpose, an entity might be
required to specifically consider the
headroom information when testing
goodwill for impairment as
explained and illustrated in pages
13–18
Why improve the impairment test? (2/2)
13. 13
Current requirement
Compare recoverable amount
(RA) of a unit with its carrying
amount (CA) at the current
impairment testing date T1
Goodwill is impaired only if
recoverable amount of the unit
is less than its carrying amount
(ie RAT1 < CAT1)
Headroom approach
Compare total headroom of a unit at the current impairment testing
date T1 (ie THT1) with the total headroom of the unit at the
immediately preceding impairment testing date T0 (ie THT0)
If the total headroom decreases (ie THT1< THT0), it is presumed that
there is an impairment of acquired goodwill amounting to THT1– THT0
unless that presumption is rebutted.
If the entity rebuts that presumption, it should disclose the reasons
why part or all of the decrease should not be attributed to acquired
goodwill.
How to improve the impairment test?
Members may refer to Agenda Paper 18C for the December 2017 Board meeting for detailed analysis of the
headroom approach.
14. 14
Consider the following facts
• Company X tests goodwill for impairment
regularly at the annual reporting date
• Company X has a cash-generating unit Z
that includes acquired goodwill from a
recent past acquisition
• See table for the recoverable amount and
the carrying amount of unit Z at three
reporting dates T0, T1 and T2
• Assume that there is no change in the
level of business activity
• Monetary amounts are denominated in
‘currency units’ (CU)
Unit Z
T0
CU
T1
CU
T2
CU
Carrying amount
– acquired goodwill *100 #100 #100
– other recognised
assets, less liabilities 525 510 500
Recoverable amount 730 695 680
Headroom approach (1/5)
* after recognising impairment loss, if any, at T0
# before recognising impairment loss at T1 and T2
15. 15
Headroom approach (2/5)
Impairment testing of unit Z applying the current requirements in IAS 36
T0
T1 T2
Recoverable
amount
CU730
UH CU105
Recoverable
amount
CU695
UH CU85
Recoverable
amount
CU680
UH CU80
Carrying
amount
CU625
Goodwill
CU100
Carrying
amount
CU610
Goodwill
CU100
Carrying
amount
CU600
Goodwill
CU100
Other net
assets
CU525
Other net
assets
CU510
Other net
assets
CU500
No impairment of goodwill
RAT0 > CAT0
No impairment of goodwill
RAT1 > CAT1
No impairment of goodwill
RAT2 > CAT2
Disclosure of the unrecognised headroom (UH) is currently required in financial statements only if a
reasonably possible change in a key assumption used in measuring RA would cause CA to exceed RA
16. 16
Headroom approach (3/5)
Impairment testing of unit Z using headroom information
T0
T1
T2
Recoverable
amount
CU730
TH
CU205
UH
CU105
Recoverable
amount
CU695
TH
CU185
UH
CU?
Recoverable
amount
CU680
TH
CU180
UH
CU?
Goodwill
CU100 Goodwill
CU? Goodwill
CU?
Carrying amount of
other net assets
CU525
Carrying amount of
other net assets
CU510
Carrying amount of
other net assets
CU500
Comparing TH at two dates THT1 < THT0 by CU20 (205-185) THT2 < THT1 by CU5 (185-180)
Recognised as goodwill impairment* CU20 CU5
Goodwill after impairment CU80 (100 - 20) CU75 (80 - 5)
UH is the remaining
amount of CU105
[(185 – 80) at T1 and
(180 – 75) at T2]
* It is assumed in this example that all decreases in total headroom are attributed to acquired goodwill.
See pages 17–18 for the staff’s current thoughts on attribution of decreases in total headroom.
17. 17
Attribution of loss to acquired goodwill and (or) unrecognised headroom
• In the current impairment testing model, the first layer of decreases in total headroom is all absorbed by
the unrecognised headroom
– In the example on page 15, the decrease in total headroom of CU20 from T0 to T1 is absorbed by
unrecognised headroom
– Similarly, the decrease in total headroom of CU5 from T1 to T2 is absorbed by unrecognised headroom
• This might not reflect the economics especially if the decrease in total headroom is for reasons such as
the entity not being able to realise the expected synergies from an acquisition etc
• Consequently, in the headroom approach, there is a rebuttable presumption that any decrease in total
headroom is attributed first to acquired goodwill (as illustrated on page 16)
• The decrease in total headroom attributed to acquired goodwill is recognised as impairment loss in the
entity’s financial statements.
• However, an entity may rebut the presumption if there is specific evidence that all or part of the
decrease in total headroom is not attributable to acquired goodwill
Headroom approach (4/5)
(continued)
18. 18
Attribution of loss to acquired goodwill and (or) unrecognised headroom
• The presumption could be rebutted if the decrease in total headroom is for reasons such as:
– increase in risk-free component of discount rate; or
– significant decline in the current value of an asset within the unit that is measured in the financial
statements on a historical cost basis
• In such a situation, the entity would attribute the decrease in total headroom either all to the
unrecognised headroom or pro-rata to acquired goodwill and the unrecognised headroom depending
upon the reason for the decrease
• As in the case today, the decrease in total headroom attributed to the unrecognised headroom is NOT
recognised in the entity’s financial statements [Today, all of the first layer of the decrease is attributed to
unrecognised headroom]
• The entity would be required to disclose the basis of attribution of decrease in total headroom
Headroom approach (5/5)
19. 19
• Shielding effect of internally generated goodwill is
removed
• Entities would need to think carefully about
factors affecting acquired goodwill
• Management is discouraged from making over-
optimistic projections of cash flows because any
difficulty in maintaining the over-optimism year
after year reduces the total headroom, potentially
resulting in impairment of acquired goodwill
• Recognition of impairments of goodwill may
become more timely
• Investors benefit from the disclosure of basis
used for attributing decrease in total headroom
• Costs of applying the
impairment testing model
would increase because of the
need for:
– more precise measurement
of recoverable amount in
year in which unrecognized
headroom is large; and
– application of the rebuttable
presumption
Pros and cons of the headroom approach
20. 20
• A good majority of CMAC members supported the headroom approach because it
removes the shielding effect of any unrecognised headroom
– Some members highlighted the importance of the accompanying narrative that a company
should be required to disclose in its financial statements
– Some members indicated a preference for disclosure of headroom instead of using the
headroom approach for impairment testing
• Other feedback
– One member cautioned that using a rebuttable presumption could lead to decreases in total
headroom being attributed to acquired goodwill even if the decrease was caused by reasons not
connected to the acquired goodwill
– A couple of members supported amortisation of goodwill
– One member supported componentising goodwill on initial recognition and then, depending on
the nature of the component, either amortising the component, writing it off against equity or only
testing it for impairment
Recent feedback from Capital Markets Advisory
Committee (CMAC)
21. 21
Recent feedback from Global Preparers Forum (GPF)
• Staff asked GPF about the nature and extent of costs likely to be incurred in applying the updated headroom
approach
• Most of the members said that the headroom approach is likely to add significant costs to the impairment testing
of goodwill mainly for two reasons:
– more precise measurement of recoverable amount required even in years in which unrecognised
headroom is large; and
– rebutting the presumption that all decreases in total headroom are attributable to acquired goodwill would
cause significant incremental debate with auditors and also would attract questions from regulators
• Some GPF members said that there would be there would be costs involved in tracking actual performance
versus the assumptions made in support of the consideration paid for the business combination
• One member supported the headroom approach but thought that any decrease in total headroom should not be
attributed to the acquired goodwill so long as the unrecognised headroom is in excess of the pre-acquisition
headroom
• Another member said that introducing the headroom approach would create an inconsistency with the prohibition
in IAS 36 on reversal of impairment losses for goodwill. The headroom approach attributes part or all of a
decrease in total headroom to acquired goodwill, but the prohibition in IAS 36 means that no part of any
subsequent increase in total headroom can be attributed to acquired goodwill.
22. 22
2. Could you highlight the nature and extent of costs that entities may have to incur in
applying the headroom approach?
3. Do you think disclosure of the basis used for attributing the decrease in headroom
would provide useful information to users of financial statements?
Questions to ASAF
24. 24
Feedback from Post-implementation Review of IFRS 3
Feedback from preparers and auditors
Valuation of intangible assets such as brands
and customer relationships is costly and
complex
Lack of sufficient
reliable and
observable data
Highly subjective
and high level of
judgement
required
Arbitrary
allocation of
future cash flows
Feedback from investors
Separate recognition of acquired intangibles is
of limited (if any) utility except if there is a
market for the intangibles
Significant
arbitrage
opportunities in
accounting for an
acquisition
Little credence
placed on value
of intangible
assets such as
brands or
customer lists
Amortisation of
some intangible
assets conveys
no useful
information about
potential
replacement cost
After reviewing academic research and feedback from other outreach activities, the Board
decided to consider whether some intangible assets could be included within goodwill acquired in
a business combination
25. 25
Retain current requirements of IFRS 3 (Approach A)
Require disclosures similar to those in IFRS 13 Fair Value Measurement for intangible
assets acquired in a business combination (Approach B)
Allow indefinite-lived intangible assets to be included within goodwill (Approach C)
Segregate intangible assets into wasting assets and organically-replaced assets and
require only wasting assets to be recognised separately from goodwill (Approach D)
Possible approaches for Board’s consideration (1/8)
26. 26
Possible approaches for Board’s consideration (2/8)
Approach A—
Retain current
requirements of
IFRS 3
Usefulness of financial statements would be enhanced if intangibles acquired
in a business combination were separated from goodwill
To have predictive value, financial information should be segregated into
reasonably homogenous groups—many intangibles have characteristics that
distinguish them from goodwill
Some academic research establishes value relevance of separate recognition
of intangible assets acquired in a business combination
The requirement to account separately for intangible assets encourages
management of an entity to better analyse the acquisitions
27. 27
Possible approaches for Board’s consideration (3/8)
Approach B—
Requiring
disclosures
similar to those
in IFRS 13 for
intangible
assets acquired
in a business
combination
Investors question the credibility of the value of recognised intangibles. One
possible reason for those questions is attributed to inadequate disclosure
about the valuation techniques and inputs used in measuring fair value of
those intangibles
Some investors requested the Board to consider expanding the scope of the
disclosure requirements in IFRS 13 to include information about fair value of
intangible assets recognised in a business combination
Together with the disclosures, separate recognition of intangible assets could
provide decision useful information to investors
Continued…
28. 28
Approach B—Requiring disclosures similar to those in IFRS 13 for intangible assets
acquired in a business combination
• The staff could ask the Board to consider requiring the following disclosures for intangible assets
recognised in a business combination, which are along the lines of the requirements in IFRS 13
a. The level of fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurements are categorised in their entirety
(Level 1, 2 or 3).
b. For fair value measurements categorised within Level 2 and Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy, a description
of the valuation technique(s) and the inputs used in the fair value measurement.
c. For fair value measurements categorised within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy:
i. quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement.
ii. a narrative description of the sensitivity of the fair value measurement to changes in unobservable inputs if a
change in those inputs to a different amount might result in a significantly higher or lower fair value measurement.
iii. if there are interrelationships between the significant unobservable inputs and other unobservable inputs used in
the fair value measurement, a description of those interrelationships and of how they might magnify or mitigate the
effect of changes in the unobservable inputs on the fair value measurement.
Possible approaches for Board’s consideration (4/8)
29. 29
Possible approaches for Board’s consideration (5/8)
Approach C—
Allow indefinite-
lived intangible
assets to be
included within
goodwill
The easiest possible course of action
This is not a fundamental change in accounting for those assets because
subsequent accounting for indefinite-lived intangible assets and goodwill is
similar
Likely to reduce the cost of applying IFRS 3
May not provide useful information especially if any of the acquired indefinite-
lived intangible assets are already generating independent cash flows, say by
way of licensing income
30. 30
Possible approaches for Board’s consideration (6/8)
Approach D—
Segregating
intangible assets
into wasting
assets and
organically-replac
ed assets and
requiring only
wasting assets to
be recognised
separately from
goodwill
Valuing wasting intangibles assets is less subjective than valuing organically-
replaced intangible assets
Amortisation of a wasting asset provides useful information about potential future
cash outflows for replacing the asset
A fundamental change to the relevant IFRS Standards
Judgement required in assessing whether an intangible asset is a wasting asset or
an organically-replaced asset; some assets may not neatly fall into one of the two
categories
Continued…
31. 31
Approach D—Segregating intangible assets into wasting assets and organically-replaced
assets and requiring only wasting assets to be recognised separately from goodwill
• The Accounting and Reporting Policy team of the UK’s Financial Reporting Council
carried out research to understand investor views on accounting for intangible assets
• The results of the research were published in March 2014 in a report Investor Views on
Intangible Assets and their Amortisation
• In relation to intangible assets acquired in a business combination, more than half of
respondents preferred accounting requirements different from IAS 38
• A majority of those respondents, explained the following distinction that they make:
– wasting intangible assets
– organically replaced intangible assets
Possible approaches for Board’s consideration (7/8)
Continued…
32. 32
Approach D—Segregating intangible assets into wasting assets and organically-replaced
assets and requiring only wasting assets to be recognised separately from goodwill
• Investor views about the distinction are as follows:
Possible approaches for Board’s consideration (8/8)
Wasting intangible assets Organically-replaced intangible assets
These are separable from the entity,
have finite useful lives and lead to
identifiable future revenue streams
Investors raise doubts about whether these intangible assets are
capable of being separated from the entity, are likely to have reliably
determined useful lives, or be a source of future economic benefits that
could be distinguished from the business as a whole. They stated that
such intangible assets are replenished on an ongoing basis through
the marketing and promotional expenditure of the company.
Examples—wireless spectrum,
patents
Examples—customer lists, brands.
Should be separately recognised Should not be separately recognised
Subsequently amortised Subsequently tested for impairment
33. 33
Recent feedback from CMAC (1/2)
Does recognition of identifiable intangible assets acquired in a business combination
provide useful information?
• Mixed feedback
• One member supported the current requirement in IFRS 3 as providing useful information
• Another member said that extreme level of judgement in valuing some intangibles makes that information not
useful
• Some members were indifferent because detailed information about values of intangible assets is not generally
available when an acquisition is announced, which is when they assess whether the acquisition is a good or a
bad deal
• Some members with experience covering banking sector said that they ignore intangible assets acquired in a
business combination because those assets are deducted from equity in determining regulatory capital
Would extending the scope of IFRS 13 disclosures to intangible assets acquired in a
business combination remove investors’ concerns about credibility of fair value
• The discussion did not produce a clear view
34. 34
Recent feedback from CMAC (2/2)
Are there ways of allowing some identifiable intangible assets acquired in a business
combination to be included within goodwill without losing useful information that is currently
provided?
• One member did not support allowing any intangible assets to be included within goodwill.
• One member said that an acquiring entity should recognise only those intangible assets that have
already been recognised as assets by the acquired entity.
• One member supported segregating intangible assets into wasting assets and organically replaced
assets, and requiring recognition of only wasting intangible assets acquired in a business
combination—because amortisation of wasting intangible assets provides useful information about
potential future cash outflows required for replacing those assets.
• One member with experience covering the banking sector thought that allowing indefinite lived
intangible assets to be included within goodwill may not result in saving costs for preparers—because
not many indefinite lived intangible assets being recognised in acquisitions.
35. 35
Recent feedback from GPF
• Staff sought feedback from GPF on the same questions that CMAC was asked
• GPF generally supported the current requirement in IFRS 3 to recognise all
identifiable intangible assets—the discussion did not produce a clear view about the
usefulness of that information
• There was not much support for any of the possible approaches for allowing some
identifiable intangible assets to be included within goodwill
• Similarly, there was not much support for requiring disclosures similar to those in
IFRS 13 for intangible assets acquired in a business combination
36. 36
4. Do you think separate recognition of all identifiable intangible assets acquired in a
business combination provides useful information? If not, why not?
5. Do you agree with the feedback that valuing brands and customer relationships is
costly and complex? Are you aware of any other intangible assets that are difficult
to value?
6. Do you have any comments or feedback on each of the possible approaches that
the staff have identified for the Board’s consideration?
Questions to ASAF
39. 39
Month Question asked Summary of feedback
December
2015
ASAF members were
asked for feedback on
the Board’s initial
discussions and for any
advice on the way
forward with the project.
• Mixed views with some members supporting impairment-only
approach to goodwill whereas others supported amortisation
and impairment of goodwill.
• Consider what information users want; focus on the benefits
for users of the current information versus the costs to
preparers of applying the requirements.
• Focus primarily on improving the impairment test, because
such an improvement would be required regardless of the
approach for accounting for goodwill.
• Some ASAF members thought it necessary to retain a robust
impairment test if the impairment-only approach is maintained.
Click the links for agenda papers 5–5F, full meeting summary
and recording.
Feedback from ASAF (1/4)
40. 40
Month Question asked Summary of feedback
July
2016
ASAF members were asked for
views on the quantitative study
presented by staff of EFRAG
and ASBJ staff on trends in
goodwill, intangible assets and
impairment charges over ten
years.
ASAF members:
• suggested the objective and research question need to be
specified clearly.
• questioned whether the study provides sufficient
information about internally generated intangible assets.
• emphasised that it is difficult to analyse goodwill on an
average basis because goodwill is concentrated among a
small number of companies.
• suggested reviewing goodwill on a case by case basis and
performing further analysis of goodwill by industry.
Click the links for agenda papers 6–6app, full meeting notes
and recording.
Feedback from ASAF (2/4)
41. 41
Month Question asked Summary of feedback
July
2017
ASAF members were asked for
feedback on the IASB staff’s
and ASBJ’s current thoughts on
simplifying and improving the
effectiveness of the impairment
testing model for goodwill.
• ASAF members generally did not support the ASBJ’s idea
of allowing a choice between amortisation and impairment
model and impairment-only model mainly because of
deteriorating comparability and other concerns.
• Mixed views on single method approach and indicator-only
approach to simplify and improve goodwill impairment
testing.
Click the links for agenda papers 3–3B, full meeting notes and
recording.
Feedback from ASAF (3/4)
42. 42
Month Question asked Summary of feedback
September
2017
ASAF members were asked
for feedback on possible
approaches developed by
the IASB staff (pre-
acquisition headroom) and
by the EFRAG staff (goodwill
accretion) for improving the
effectiveness of the
impairment testing model for
goodwill.
• ASAF members generally expressed concerns that both
goodwill accretion approach and the pre-acquisition
headroom approach would add further complexity.
• Some members thought that the goodwill accretion
approach would be difficult to understand or explain.
• In relation to using a single method as the sole basis for
determining recoverable amount, there was no clear
support for using either fair value less costs of disposal or
value in use as the sole basis.
Click the links for agenda papers 5–5B, full meeting notes
and recording.
Feedback from ASAF (4/4)
43. Keep up to date 43
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