The document discusses the performance standards for readymade garments exported from Bangladesh, including flammability, care labeling, and social compliance. It analyzes test results showing that sample Bangladeshi garments met international flammability standards. It also evaluates the care labels of various Bangladeshi garment exports against regulations, finding them to be complete and accurate. The document aims to highlight standards applicable to Bangladesh's garment exports and assess the country's quality status in meeting global demand.
Module – II Quality Assurance
Quality Assurance, Concepts of Quality in Commodities, Methods of Quality Assurance GRanding and Standardization: Meaning of grading and Standardization, purpose of grading, advantages of grading, inspection and quality control, Indian standards.
CIL Textiles is a private company with over 30 years of experience in producing high quality technical and performance fabrics. It has 400 employees and annual group sales of $20 million. The company has manufacturing facilities in Sangli and Ichalkaranji, India, and produces a wide range of fabrics for outdoor uses like tents, tarps, and boat covers. CIL invests in continuous improvement and has recently expanded its processing unit. It aims to provide competitive prices, consistent quality, and customized product offerings to its global clientele.
Presentation on Beximco Textile industry, Gazipur, DhakaPacific Cotton
The document provides information about Beximco Textile Limited, which is part of the Beximco Group. Some key details include:
- Beximco Group is the largest private sector group in Bangladesh, founded in the 1970s and now operating across various industries.
- Beximco Textile Limited operates textile manufacturing facilities including spinning, weaving, knitting, dyeing and finishing. It produces fabrics and garments.
- The company has a state-of-the-art composite knit fabric production mill and plans to expand textile capacity significantly. It supplies major global brands.
Care label means a permanent label or tag, containing regular care information and instructions, that is attached or affixed in such a manner that it will not be separated from the products and will remain legible during the useful life of the product. Care label is given in words or in symbols. Wash care labels are the care labels with information about a garment or any textile article should be taken care of while washing, drying and ironing. It provides customers with proper guidance about apparel care and cleaning process for any particular combination of fabric, its construction and decoration. Wash care label on a garment gives special instruction that gives assurance that the particular apparel will remain in its best form after repeated washing treatments.
Training and Development process in BEXIMCO TextileFaisal Jakaria
This document is an internship report submitted by Faisal Jakaria to Dr. Ikramul Hasan of Independent University, Bangladesh. The report focuses on the training and development processes at BEXIMCO Textiles Ltd. It includes an introduction to BEXIMCO Textiles that outlines its mission, vision, products, and operations. The report also describes Faisal Jakaria's internship experience and responsibilities in the human resources department, and examines challenges faced and recommendations for improvement of training programs.
This document discusses quality management in decentralized apparel manufacturing. It notes that quality issues often arise due to a lack of understanding of quality among subcontractors and fabricators. For quality to be achieved, it is important that process capability is ensured across all process groups. The role of fabricators in flexible manufacturing is described. A process model and chain are presented to emphasize that no substandard input or output should pass between processes. While average fabricators currently may not be process capable, identifying deficiencies can help get them to become capable through training and improvements.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
This presentation summarizes the garment manufacturing process in Bangladesh. It discusses the growth of Bangladesh's garment industry, which now accounts for 84% of the country's annual exports and $32.92 billion in revenue in 2017-2018. The presentation then outlines the typical sections in a garment factory: sample, cutting, sewing, washing, and finishing. It provides brief descriptions of the processes that occur in each section, such as fabric cutting to minimize waste and quality control checks during washing. In conclusion, the presentation notes that Bangladesh's garment industry has played a pioneering role in the country's economic development over the past 25 years.
Module – II Quality Assurance
Quality Assurance, Concepts of Quality in Commodities, Methods of Quality Assurance GRanding and Standardization: Meaning of grading and Standardization, purpose of grading, advantages of grading, inspection and quality control, Indian standards.
CIL Textiles is a private company with over 30 years of experience in producing high quality technical and performance fabrics. It has 400 employees and annual group sales of $20 million. The company has manufacturing facilities in Sangli and Ichalkaranji, India, and produces a wide range of fabrics for outdoor uses like tents, tarps, and boat covers. CIL invests in continuous improvement and has recently expanded its processing unit. It aims to provide competitive prices, consistent quality, and customized product offerings to its global clientele.
Presentation on Beximco Textile industry, Gazipur, DhakaPacific Cotton
The document provides information about Beximco Textile Limited, which is part of the Beximco Group. Some key details include:
- Beximco Group is the largest private sector group in Bangladesh, founded in the 1970s and now operating across various industries.
- Beximco Textile Limited operates textile manufacturing facilities including spinning, weaving, knitting, dyeing and finishing. It produces fabrics and garments.
- The company has a state-of-the-art composite knit fabric production mill and plans to expand textile capacity significantly. It supplies major global brands.
Care label means a permanent label or tag, containing regular care information and instructions, that is attached or affixed in such a manner that it will not be separated from the products and will remain legible during the useful life of the product. Care label is given in words or in symbols. Wash care labels are the care labels with information about a garment or any textile article should be taken care of while washing, drying and ironing. It provides customers with proper guidance about apparel care and cleaning process for any particular combination of fabric, its construction and decoration. Wash care label on a garment gives special instruction that gives assurance that the particular apparel will remain in its best form after repeated washing treatments.
Training and Development process in BEXIMCO TextileFaisal Jakaria
This document is an internship report submitted by Faisal Jakaria to Dr. Ikramul Hasan of Independent University, Bangladesh. The report focuses on the training and development processes at BEXIMCO Textiles Ltd. It includes an introduction to BEXIMCO Textiles that outlines its mission, vision, products, and operations. The report also describes Faisal Jakaria's internship experience and responsibilities in the human resources department, and examines challenges faced and recommendations for improvement of training programs.
This document discusses quality management in decentralized apparel manufacturing. It notes that quality issues often arise due to a lack of understanding of quality among subcontractors and fabricators. For quality to be achieved, it is important that process capability is ensured across all process groups. The role of fabricators in flexible manufacturing is described. A process model and chain are presented to emphasize that no substandard input or output should pass between processes. While average fabricators currently may not be process capable, identifying deficiencies can help get them to become capable through training and improvements.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
This presentation summarizes the garment manufacturing process in Bangladesh. It discusses the growth of Bangladesh's garment industry, which now accounts for 84% of the country's annual exports and $32.92 billion in revenue in 2017-2018. The presentation then outlines the typical sections in a garment factory: sample, cutting, sewing, washing, and finishing. It provides brief descriptions of the processes that occur in each section, such as fabric cutting to minimize waste and quality control checks during washing. In conclusion, the presentation notes that Bangladesh's garment industry has played a pioneering role in the country's economic development over the past 25 years.
19- 24 SOME PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF CARE LABEL RECOMMENDATION OF APPAREL[1]Dr. Subrata Das
This document discusses testing procedures and evaluation methods for developing care label recommendations for apparel. It outlines various tests that should be performed on apparel samples, including washing, bleaching, drying, and dry cleaning tests. The tests are conducted under different conditions and the samples are evaluated based on standards. Based on the test results, appropriate care label symbols and instructions are determined. The recommended tests and evaluation criteria differ depending on whether the care label is being developed for the US market or European market.
Werdley was a card company founded by Clayton Fuller and Lucas La Tour that partnered with emerging artists to produce greeting cards. It also partnered with Plant With Purpose, a charity helping impoverished families worldwide. Werdley aimed to empower artists and support Plant With Purpose's work providing families chickens, pigs, goats, trees and more to generate income. The founders created a website to showcase the artist cards and explain their mission from 2013-2015 before closing.
Advanced Ad is a full-service marketing and advertising agency located in Amman, Jordan with over 10 years of experience working with clients in various industries. They provide clients with all the tools and advertising exposure needed to effectively promote their products and services. Their services include advertising and media planning, social media and e-commerce management, graphic design, and strategic communications. Some of their main clients include Golden Mills, Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health, and regional offices in Jordan, UAE, and Dubai.
The document profiles Hemant D. Bharde and lists various design, projects, and products he has worked on in his career including:
1) An award winning bed design for Godrej that he partially designed, detailed, modeled, and prototyped with some Indian and foreign designers.
2) Working on hospital bed detailing at midnight.
3) Developing office partition and executive office table systems for Spacewood Furnishers Pvt. Ltd. in Nagpur.
4) Concepts for bedroom, cabin, conference, meeting, kids, TV stand, book rack, and shoe rack furniture sets.
5) Designing a bomb detection vehicle for DRDO in Pune.
This document investigates the progressive change in filament characteristics from the outer to inner layers of mulberry and tasar cocoons. It finds that filament linear density decreases from the outer to inner layers in all varieties. Tenacity and modulus increase from outer to inner layers in mulberry cocoons but show little change in tasar cocoons. Breaking extension is constant in tasar cocoons but decreases in inner layers of oak tasar and rises then falls in mulberry cocoons. Residual sericin decreases to the fourth layer then levels off in mulberry cocoons, but decreases only marginally in tasar cocoons from outer to inner layers.
The document outlines the agenda for the Explore Export 2015 event in Edinburgh. It includes an informal evening reception the night before to allow attendees to network and learn about the following day's activities. The main event consists of one-on-one sessions with advisors, seminars on topics like introducing exporting and next steps for existing exporters, case studies, and an exporting exhibition. It concludes with reflections on lessons learned from the previous year and an overview of the marketing plan and tips for the current event.
- The tensile properties of fully degummed mulberry and tasar silk filaments were investigated in dry and wet states. The tenacity and elongation at break were not significantly different between dry and wet states, though a slight reduction in initial modulus was observed when wet.
- Tasar silk demonstrated a characteristic yield point, lower modulus, and twice the elongation at break of mulberry silk. This was correlated with tasar's lower density, birefringence, orientation index, sonic modulus, and higher percentage of amino acids with bulky groups, indicating poorer orientation and order.
- While a slight decrease in modulus occurred when wet, there was virtually no change in tenacity or elongation between dry and wet
The document discusses a case study of the Amaravathi common effluent treatment plant in Karur, Tamil Nadu, India. The plant treats about 200m3 of textile effluent per day from 43 dyeing units. The effluent undergoes preliminary, primary, secondary, and tertiary treatments including equalization, chemical addition, aeration, and clarification. The treated effluent is disposed into a river and meets regulatory standards for agricultural use. Generated sludge is dried and disposed in designated landfill areas. While the plant effectively treats effluents, technologies still need development for proper sludge disposal.
The document discusses the Zero Discharge of Hazardous Chemicals (ZDHC) initiative, which was started in response to Greenpeace's Detox campaign. Major apparel brands have committed to eliminating hazardous chemicals from their supply chains by 2020. The ZDHC focuses on 11 priority chemical groups and aims to drive transparency around wastewater discharges. While brands have developed action plans around chemical management, Greenpeace argues that more needs to be done and calls for government policies requiring zero discharge of all hazardous chemicals.
Shaunak Maqsood Ahmed has over 15 years of experience in logistics and operations management. He is currently working as a Contract Manager at CEVA Logistics in Dubai, where he manages the complete operations and profit/loss for major clients like Procter & Gamble and Philips. Previously he has worked for other logistics companies in supervisory roles. He has a bachelor's degree in commerce and various logistics certifications. He is proficient in warehouse management systems and seeks to utilize his skills and experience to contribute to organizational goals.
The document provides information about doing business in Germany and the services available through the Enterprise Europe Network (EEN). The EEN is the largest business support network in the world, connecting over 3 million companies across more than 50 countries. It offers local organizations access to business and research partners, as well as support for EU market entry. Services include market research assistance, partner matching at brokerage events, and accessing the EEN partnership database of over 40,000 business and technology cooperation opportunities. Representatives from EEN Scotland and Germany are on hand to answer any questions.
Epic developmental monitoring training version non cme versionCHDI
Developmental screenings using standardized tools like the PEDS or ASQ-3 are recommended at 9, 18, and 24 month well-child visits. Screenings can be billed to Medicaid and insurance using code 96110. If concerns are identified, the primary care provider should refer families to their state's Help Me Grow program for care coordination and early intervention services. Help Me Grow connects children at risk for developmental delays to community resources and supports families through the screening process.
At FashionTT's Fashion UPGRADE! Workshop, Violet Davis-Maurice addressed the importance of properly labelling garments for retail, both locally and internationally.
Introduction to apparel industries and historyKhairul Bashar
Apparel: Personal outfit, garments or clothing etc including headwear and footwear.
Apparel industries: The industries which make ready-to-wear clothing.
Visit blog: http://www.merchandisingbangla.com/
Quality control management in apparel industries.SharifKhan84
This document is an internship report submitted by Jahirul Islam to his professor Shabnom Mushtari at Sonargaon University. The report is on quality control management in the apparel industry. It includes an introduction discussing the importance of quality, an acknowledgement, table of contents, and the beginning of chapters on quality management, textile product quality planning, quality control processes and methods, garment inspection, common defects, and an analysis of a final inspection report from Rupa Fabrics Ltd.
Comparative study of compliant & non compliant RMGAzmir Latif Beg
The ready-made garment (RMG) industry of Bangladesh started in the late 1970s and became a prominent player in the economy within a short period of time. The industry has contributed to export earnings, foreign exchange earnings, employment creation, poverty alleviation and the empowerment of women. The export-quota system and the availability of cheap labor are the two main reasons behind the success of the industry.
Management briefing from Innovation Forum on sustainability in the apparel industry. The report provides a concise snapshot of the latest trends and challenges facing the industry, and looks at how business is responding.
The document discusses the garment industry, including its history and structure. It notes that the garment industry started expanding heavily in the 1980s and boomed in the 1990s in Bangladesh due to cheap labor. It provides employment for millions of people. The structure of the garment industry includes departments for fabrics, purchasing accessories, sampling, cutting, and merchandising. The quality of garments depends on fabric quality and meeting customers' specifications. The industry provides many employment opportunities and is growing to meet demand.
The document provides information on sustainability management practices at Brandix Casualware plant in Seeduwa, Sri Lanka. The key points are:
1. The plant was converted into an eco-center in 2008 and was the first apparel factory to receive LEED Platinum certification for its environmentally friendly design and operations.
2. The plant has implemented numerous practices to achieve goals of reducing carbon footprint by 80%, energy consumption by 46%, water consumption by 58%, and sending zero solid waste to landfills.
3. Energy reduction strategies include introducing energy efficiencies through LED lighting, sky lights, and windows to utilize sunlight, and upgrading the air conditioning and boiler systems to increase efficiency.
19- 24 SOME PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF CARE LABEL RECOMMENDATION OF APPAREL[1]Dr. Subrata Das
This document discusses testing procedures and evaluation methods for developing care label recommendations for apparel. It outlines various tests that should be performed on apparel samples, including washing, bleaching, drying, and dry cleaning tests. The tests are conducted under different conditions and the samples are evaluated based on standards. Based on the test results, appropriate care label symbols and instructions are determined. The recommended tests and evaluation criteria differ depending on whether the care label is being developed for the US market or European market.
Werdley was a card company founded by Clayton Fuller and Lucas La Tour that partnered with emerging artists to produce greeting cards. It also partnered with Plant With Purpose, a charity helping impoverished families worldwide. Werdley aimed to empower artists and support Plant With Purpose's work providing families chickens, pigs, goats, trees and more to generate income. The founders created a website to showcase the artist cards and explain their mission from 2013-2015 before closing.
Advanced Ad is a full-service marketing and advertising agency located in Amman, Jordan with over 10 years of experience working with clients in various industries. They provide clients with all the tools and advertising exposure needed to effectively promote their products and services. Their services include advertising and media planning, social media and e-commerce management, graphic design, and strategic communications. Some of their main clients include Golden Mills, Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health, and regional offices in Jordan, UAE, and Dubai.
The document profiles Hemant D. Bharde and lists various design, projects, and products he has worked on in his career including:
1) An award winning bed design for Godrej that he partially designed, detailed, modeled, and prototyped with some Indian and foreign designers.
2) Working on hospital bed detailing at midnight.
3) Developing office partition and executive office table systems for Spacewood Furnishers Pvt. Ltd. in Nagpur.
4) Concepts for bedroom, cabin, conference, meeting, kids, TV stand, book rack, and shoe rack furniture sets.
5) Designing a bomb detection vehicle for DRDO in Pune.
This document investigates the progressive change in filament characteristics from the outer to inner layers of mulberry and tasar cocoons. It finds that filament linear density decreases from the outer to inner layers in all varieties. Tenacity and modulus increase from outer to inner layers in mulberry cocoons but show little change in tasar cocoons. Breaking extension is constant in tasar cocoons but decreases in inner layers of oak tasar and rises then falls in mulberry cocoons. Residual sericin decreases to the fourth layer then levels off in mulberry cocoons, but decreases only marginally in tasar cocoons from outer to inner layers.
The document outlines the agenda for the Explore Export 2015 event in Edinburgh. It includes an informal evening reception the night before to allow attendees to network and learn about the following day's activities. The main event consists of one-on-one sessions with advisors, seminars on topics like introducing exporting and next steps for existing exporters, case studies, and an exporting exhibition. It concludes with reflections on lessons learned from the previous year and an overview of the marketing plan and tips for the current event.
- The tensile properties of fully degummed mulberry and tasar silk filaments were investigated in dry and wet states. The tenacity and elongation at break were not significantly different between dry and wet states, though a slight reduction in initial modulus was observed when wet.
- Tasar silk demonstrated a characteristic yield point, lower modulus, and twice the elongation at break of mulberry silk. This was correlated with tasar's lower density, birefringence, orientation index, sonic modulus, and higher percentage of amino acids with bulky groups, indicating poorer orientation and order.
- While a slight decrease in modulus occurred when wet, there was virtually no change in tenacity or elongation between dry and wet
The document discusses a case study of the Amaravathi common effluent treatment plant in Karur, Tamil Nadu, India. The plant treats about 200m3 of textile effluent per day from 43 dyeing units. The effluent undergoes preliminary, primary, secondary, and tertiary treatments including equalization, chemical addition, aeration, and clarification. The treated effluent is disposed into a river and meets regulatory standards for agricultural use. Generated sludge is dried and disposed in designated landfill areas. While the plant effectively treats effluents, technologies still need development for proper sludge disposal.
The document discusses the Zero Discharge of Hazardous Chemicals (ZDHC) initiative, which was started in response to Greenpeace's Detox campaign. Major apparel brands have committed to eliminating hazardous chemicals from their supply chains by 2020. The ZDHC focuses on 11 priority chemical groups and aims to drive transparency around wastewater discharges. While brands have developed action plans around chemical management, Greenpeace argues that more needs to be done and calls for government policies requiring zero discharge of all hazardous chemicals.
Shaunak Maqsood Ahmed has over 15 years of experience in logistics and operations management. He is currently working as a Contract Manager at CEVA Logistics in Dubai, where he manages the complete operations and profit/loss for major clients like Procter & Gamble and Philips. Previously he has worked for other logistics companies in supervisory roles. He has a bachelor's degree in commerce and various logistics certifications. He is proficient in warehouse management systems and seeks to utilize his skills and experience to contribute to organizational goals.
The document provides information about doing business in Germany and the services available through the Enterprise Europe Network (EEN). The EEN is the largest business support network in the world, connecting over 3 million companies across more than 50 countries. It offers local organizations access to business and research partners, as well as support for EU market entry. Services include market research assistance, partner matching at brokerage events, and accessing the EEN partnership database of over 40,000 business and technology cooperation opportunities. Representatives from EEN Scotland and Germany are on hand to answer any questions.
Epic developmental monitoring training version non cme versionCHDI
Developmental screenings using standardized tools like the PEDS or ASQ-3 are recommended at 9, 18, and 24 month well-child visits. Screenings can be billed to Medicaid and insurance using code 96110. If concerns are identified, the primary care provider should refer families to their state's Help Me Grow program for care coordination and early intervention services. Help Me Grow connects children at risk for developmental delays to community resources and supports families through the screening process.
At FashionTT's Fashion UPGRADE! Workshop, Violet Davis-Maurice addressed the importance of properly labelling garments for retail, both locally and internationally.
Introduction to apparel industries and historyKhairul Bashar
Apparel: Personal outfit, garments or clothing etc including headwear and footwear.
Apparel industries: The industries which make ready-to-wear clothing.
Visit blog: http://www.merchandisingbangla.com/
Quality control management in apparel industries.SharifKhan84
This document is an internship report submitted by Jahirul Islam to his professor Shabnom Mushtari at Sonargaon University. The report is on quality control management in the apparel industry. It includes an introduction discussing the importance of quality, an acknowledgement, table of contents, and the beginning of chapters on quality management, textile product quality planning, quality control processes and methods, garment inspection, common defects, and an analysis of a final inspection report from Rupa Fabrics Ltd.
Comparative study of compliant & non compliant RMGAzmir Latif Beg
The ready-made garment (RMG) industry of Bangladesh started in the late 1970s and became a prominent player in the economy within a short period of time. The industry has contributed to export earnings, foreign exchange earnings, employment creation, poverty alleviation and the empowerment of women. The export-quota system and the availability of cheap labor are the two main reasons behind the success of the industry.
Management briefing from Innovation Forum on sustainability in the apparel industry. The report provides a concise snapshot of the latest trends and challenges facing the industry, and looks at how business is responding.
The document discusses the garment industry, including its history and structure. It notes that the garment industry started expanding heavily in the 1980s and boomed in the 1990s in Bangladesh due to cheap labor. It provides employment for millions of people. The structure of the garment industry includes departments for fabrics, purchasing accessories, sampling, cutting, and merchandising. The quality of garments depends on fabric quality and meeting customers' specifications. The industry provides many employment opportunities and is growing to meet demand.
The document provides information on sustainability management practices at Brandix Casualware plant in Seeduwa, Sri Lanka. The key points are:
1. The plant was converted into an eco-center in 2008 and was the first apparel factory to receive LEED Platinum certification for its environmentally friendly design and operations.
2. The plant has implemented numerous practices to achieve goals of reducing carbon footprint by 80%, energy consumption by 46%, water consumption by 58%, and sending zero solid waste to landfills.
3. Energy reduction strategies include introducing energy efficiencies through LED lighting, sky lights, and windows to utilize sunlight, and upgrading the air conditioning and boiler systems to increase efficiency.
Adoption of Policies Required for The Development of Sustainable Apparel Productsazzadahmed
The document is a 24-page assignment on policies required for developing sustainable apparel products. It includes an abstract, table of contents, and sections on literature review, worker compliance, and minimizing costs while maximizing profits. The literature review discusses definitions of sustainable products and eco-friendly manufacturing. It also examines various compliance standards and criteria that must be followed to ensure sustainable product development, such as using eco-friendly materials and processes.
USA Clothing Industry is Shifting Towards Sustainable Practices.pptxClothing manufacturers
The clothing industry is massive. It's the second largest polluter in the world and a $2.4 trillion industry, and it's not just a problem for us humans--it affects animals too. The average American spends $1,700 on clothes per year and throws away 70 pounds of clothes per year (that's about 20 percent of their wardrobe). That adds up to over 100 billion pounds of clothing being thrown away each year! The clothing industry is one of the biggest polluters in the world. It's responsible for up to 25 percent of global carbon emissions and uses around 1.2 trillion gallons of water per year.
Greenwashing is when companies make misleading claims about the sustainability or environmental friendliness of their products or company practices. The document discusses examples of potential greenwashing by fashion retailers H&M and Primark. For H&M, their sustainability scorecards provide little useful information, their "Conscious" line lacks transparency about materials, and their vegan leather line uses fossil-based polyester. For Primark, their "Primark Cares" line uses vague terms like "sustainable cotton" without definitions, and their cotton farming practices still use harmful pesticides. Overall the document argues that greenwashing is widespread in fashion due to lack of transparency about supply chains and production methods.
The document provides information about the merchandising process in the knitwear industry. It discusses:
1. The key roles of a merchandiser including negotiating orders, costing, sample making, and overseeing production.
2. The responsibilities of a senior merchandiser such as sample development, price negotiation, and quality assurance.
3. The qualities needed in a successful merchandiser like language skills, costing knowledge, and the ability to get orders.
Calculation of standard minute value of T shirtAzmir Latif Beg
This research project is based on calculation of standard minute value of T-shirt. An experimental investigation for the distribution of SMV for each and every operation require for making a T-shirt and provides a clear and details concepts for determining line balancing, machine requirements, man power allocation for setting a definite target within a reasonable efficiency. This project is a details discussion and distribution of SMV which will assist to minimize SMV by having a better synchronization with man, machine, materials and methods to achieve higher efficiency.
This document discusses optimizing the dye scheduling process in a textile industry. It provides background on the globalized and competitive nature of the textile industry. The dyeing process is identified as complex and important to optimize for efficiency. A model is proposed using integer programming and the traveling salesman problem to optimize setup times and improve the dye scheduling process. The goal is to develop a formulation that can be replicated in other textile companies to help improve their operations.
The document discusses the process of merchandising knit garments. It begins with an introduction to the garment industry in Bangladesh, which is one of the largest exporters of garments globally. It then outlines the key roles and responsibilities of a merchandiser, which include negotiating with buyers, costing, sample making, production monitoring, inspection and documentation for export. The document provides examples of costing calculations for common knit garments like T-shirts, polo shirts and trousers to determine fabric consumption and costing per dozen units. It aims to provide practical knowledge about merchandising that will help strengthen Bangladesh's textile and garment sector.
In the current market, the most popular and gathered countries for the production of suit fabric are among China, UK, Italy, India, Philippines, Malaysia and Australia. Let’s have a detailed comparison of suit fabric manufacturer and factory from those countries, and better knowing the market for sourcing.
The document provides information on U.S. consumer product safety regulations for apparel sold in the United States. It summarizes key laws including the Federal Hazardous Substances Act (FHSA), Flammable Fabrics Act (FFA), and children's sleepwear standards. The FHSA addresses labeling of hazardous substances and the FFA includes standards for flammability of various textiles, children's sleepwear, and drawstrings on children's clothing. Specific requirements are outlined for lead, screen printing, small parts, and drawstrings on children's apparel.
This document provides an overview of knit garment merchandising in Bangladesh. It begins with an introduction to the Bangladeshi garment industry and merchandising process. It then discusses the definition and qualifications of a good merchandiser, outlining the typical merchandising procedure. The document also covers important merchandising documents, costing and consumption calculations, basic industry knowledge, inspection processes, letters of credit documentation, and concludes with a brief summary. The primary purpose is to serve as a reference guide for those studying or working in garment merchandising.
The document discusses product recalls and safety standards for children's clothing. It provides information on why recalls are conducted, what types of hazards can necessitate a recall like drawstrings, small parts, chemicals, and flammability issues. The document also outlines specific recalls that have occurred, standards that products should meet to prevent hazards like EN 14682, and where to find more information on incidents.
1. 50 Pakistan Textile Journal July 2005
1. Introduction
RMG contributes 76% of total exports in Bangladesh.
Major products of apparel include knit and woven shirts,
blouses, trousers, skirts, shorts, jackets, sweaters, sports
wears and many more casual and fashion items. The sector
currently employs approximately 1.5 million workers,
mostly females from underprivileged social classes (1).
Clothing, being the largest industrial sector, has been
experiencing phenomenal growth for last 10 years as
depicted in the Table 1. This is largely due to the simple
level of technology needed by the industry. Moreover, rel-
atively inexpensive and easily available machines, require-
ment of smaller premises, abundant supply of cheaper
work force, low tariffs on imported machines and, most
significantly, benefits of reserved markets by MFA quota
have spurred the growth of the garment industry.
At present the country exports nearly US$5 billion per
year to around 90 countries in the world which include
USA, Canada, Germany, UK, France, Italy, Netherlands,
Spain and Belgium. In fact, Bangladesh is the 6th largest
supplier of apparel in the US market (2).
In order to export readymade garments, it is now
almost mandatory for the exporters to disclose the quality
parameters towards acceptance of the product as per the
intended end use as decided by the World's leading brands.
Knowledge in regulations pertaining to the area of flam-
mability, care label and fiber products identification acts
are very important for export oriented garment trade,
which is not only to satisfy the requirement of U.S. Federal
Trade regulation but also to safeguard the interest of con-
sumers. Performance evaluation of the garments is essen-
tial prior to shipment with a view to meet the specific
requirement standards of the buyers. Working environ-
ment, wherein the garments are to be produced, is equally
important to protect human rights and the code of conduct
derives the basic objectives of social compliance issues.
Thus, Bangladesh has a stiff challenge ahead to meet the
demand of world market.
The author during his pioneering work of setting up of
an international laboratory i.e. MTL(now known as Bureau
Veritas Consumer Product Services) inside the export pro-
cessing zone in Dhaka, Bangladesh, has made an attempt to
highlight some of the essential international performance
standards applicable to the export of RMG and the present
quality status of export oriented apparel of Bangladesh.
The code of conduct applicable to the workplace with par-
ticular reference to the creation of a better working envi-
ronment in the apparel sector of Bangladesh has also been
discussed by the author based on his practical experience in
the social accountability.
2. Performance Standard
2.1 Flammability
In accordance with code of Federal Regulation, Title 16
CFR Part 1610 regulates flammability of general clothing
textiles. This standard measures the speed and intensity of
flame and ease of ignition. All items of wearing apparel
must meet the criteria of Class 1, Normal Flammability.
Fabrics classified as Class 2, intermediate flammability,
although legal, are not acceptable for sale. Those that are
Class 3, rapid and intense burning, can not be legally sold
in the United States or imported into the US from abroad.
Children's sleepwear is covered under and must meet
the requirements of 16 CFR Part 1615/1616 which meas-
ures fabric flammability by char length of burn. These stan-
dards protect children from serious burn injuries if they
come in contact with an open flame, such as a match,
lighter, or stove burner.
Typical export oriented items of Bangladesh which
have been tested to obtain flammability data are tabulated
Table 2. Garment samples were selected randomly for
reputed brands of USA. Those samples were drawn from
the bulk production by the experienced merchandisers of
garment manufacturing units in Bangladesh and submitted
for final testing. The Table 2 indicates that all the items are
passed under Normal Flammability category with Class I
standard. Burn code depicts the nature of burning character
of the items. It is corroborated from the test results that
flammability character of garments produced in
Bangladesh is satisfactory according to the international
standard.
A study on the performance and prospect of
readymade garments in Bangladesh
by
Dr. Subrata Das
SGS India Private Limited, Bangalore, India
Table 1: Garment Export Data
Year Export (Million US$) Y-O-Y Growth Rate (%)
1990 -1991 866.82 N/A
1991 -1992 1182.57 36.43
1992 -1993 1445.02 22.19
1993 -1994 1555.79 7.67
1994 -1995 2228.35 43.23
1995 -1996 2547.13 14.31
1996 -1997 3001.25 17.83
1997 -1998 3781.94 26.01
1998 -1999 4019.98 6.29
1999 -2000 4349.41 8.19
2000 -2001 4859.83 11.74
Average
Growth Rate : 19.39
Source : Export Promotion Bureau (EPB), Bangladesh
2. Pakistan Textile Journal July 2005 51
2.2 Care labeling of garments
Apparel and textiles are soiled during normal use.
Economic realities require used items must be cleaned and
refurbished for reuse without substantially altering their
functional and aesthetic properties. Consumers have the
choice to select the correct technique to restore the attrib-
utes of the textiles. With a view to assisting consumers in
getting information about clothing care, U.S.
Federal Trade Commission has promulgated
care labeling rule under 16 CFR, Part 423 in
1971 and amended it in 1983.
This rule gives accurate care information
to extend the useful life of garments. Care
labels must be permanently attached and
remain legible for the life of the garment.
Sometimes symbols may be used in conjunc-
tion with words but will not by themselves sat-
isfy the requirements.
Though there is relaxation in using only
temporary labels for products such as totally
reversible clothing without pockets and prod-
ucts that may be washed, bleached, dried,
ironed, or drycleaned by the harshest proce-
dures available, but interestingly, no care
instruction is needed for some of the cases
such as products sold to institutional buyers for
commercial use and products which are com-
pletely washable & sold at retail for $3 or less.
Care label rule requires that manufacturers
and importers of textile wearing apparel have a
reasonable basis and reliable evidence in sup-
port of care instruction. That is why different
verification tests are involved while determin-
ing the care label of a garment. For instance,
washing, bleaching, drying, ironing, dryclean-
ing are the major processes associated before
final recommendation. Symbols that commu-
nicate care procedures may be used in addition
to words, but the words must fulfill the
requirement of the care label rule. Typical
example of a popular export oriented garment
variety of Bangladesh, such as 100% cotton
single jersey T-shirt, is represented below:
Readymade garments in Bangladesh are
investigated for
the completeness,
accuracy and
consistency in
care label regula-
tion.
Major export
oriented apparel
evaluated against
the standard care
instruction are
depicted in Table
3. (Next Page)
Table 2: Flammability Data
Export Item Class Client Status
Burn
Code
Remarks
100% Polyester 150/96 Filament
Polar Fleece Both Side Brush one
Side Antipilling, 300GSM
1 Goody’s SFPOI Pass
100% Cotton 21 Wales Corduroy
77X160/32X32, 21 Wales
1 Charming
Shoppees
DNI Pass
100% Acrylic Chenille Sweater,
10.52 oz/yd
2
1 Saks SFPOI Pass
100% Cotton Denim Pant, 8.00
oz/yd
2
1 Hudson’s Bay DNI Pass
100% Cotton Peach Canvas Men’s
Gasoline Jacket
1 Hudson’s Bay DNI Pass
100% Cotton Boys Long Sleeve
Rugby Polo,194.3 GSM
1 Hudson’s Bay DNI Pass
100% Cotton Denim, 12.0 oz /yd
2
1 Hudson’s Bay DNI Pass
100% Polyester Terry Fleece 1 William
Carter
SFPOI Pass
100% Cotton Jersey, 220 GSM
Long Sleeve Crew Neck Athletic
Hologram Tee
1 Hudson’s Bay DNI Pass
Inf/Tod Girls Knit Cotton/ Spandex
French Terry Zip Hooded Jacket
1 K-mart IBE Pass
100% Cotton Twill Long Pant
(128X60/20X16)
1 Hudson’s Bay DNI Pass
100% Cotton L/S CVC & Sew
Overlock Stitching
1 Hudson’s Bay DNI Pass
100% Polyester Micro Mesh Taslon
Shell with Brushed Mesh Lining
Pant, 100 GSM
1 Hudson’s Bay IBE Pass
L/S Crew Neck colour Blocked Flat
Back, 100% Cotton, 280 GSM
1 Hudson’s Bay DNI Pass
Solid Turtle NK, 100% Cotton
Single Jersey, 173 GSM
1 Hudson’s Bay DNI Pass
2X2Rib Ladies Sweater, 12.83oz/
yd
2
1 Hudson’s Bay DNI Pass
100% Cotton Y/D Flannel 1 Dollar
General
DNI Pass
100% Cotton Denim 1 Hudson’s Bay DNI Pass
100% Cotton Knit Fabric 1 Hudson’s Bay DNI Pass
100%Cotton Men L/S Shirt, 5.26oz/
yd
2
1 VF Asia DNI Pass
100% Cotton Y/D Oxford Men L/S
Shirt, 5.15 oz/ yd2
1 VF Asia DNI Pass
100% Cotton Y/D Oxford Men’s
L/S Shirt, 5.10 oz/yd
2
1 VF Asia DNI Pass
100% Cotton S/Jersey Fabrics for
L/S Layered Sleeve T-Shirt
1 Target DNI Pass
100% Nylon 400mm PU Coated
Fabric
1 Target IBE Pass
100% Cotton Twill 1 VF Asia DNI Pass
100% Cotton V-neck Long Sleeve
2x2 Rib Stripe Pullover
1 Abercrom-bie
& Fitch
DNI Pass
85% Cotton 15% Viscose
fabric,136-140 GSM
1 Dillard’s DNI Pass
100% Cotton 6 Wales Corduroy
Blazer
1 Brylane SFBB Pass
100% Cotton Long sleeve Men
Shirt, 6.79 oz/ yd
2
1 Gap DNI Pass
98% Cotton 2% Spandex Ladies
Woven Skirts
1 Charming
Shoppees
DNI Pass
IBE : Ignited But Extinguished; DNI : Did Not Ignite; BB : Base Burn
SFPOI: Surface Flash, At Point of Impingement only.
SFBB : Surface Flash Base Burn
Symbols Description
Machine Wash
Cold, Gentle
Cycle
Use Only Non-
Chlorine Bleach
When Needed
Tumble Dry Low
Warm Iron As
Needed
300
C
l
l
l l
3. 52 Pakistan Textile Journal July 2005
Table 3: Determination of Care Instruction
No. Item Name of
Client
Standard Care Instruction / Vendor
Proposed
Evaluated Care Instruction
1
70% Acrylic 30%
Wool Ladies Long
Sleeve Cardigan
Saks
Hand wash cold, Wash Separately or with like
Colors, only Non-Chlorine Bleach when
needed, Reshape and dry flat.
Hand wash cold, Wash Separately or with
Like Colors, only Non-Chlorine Bleach When
Needed, Reshape and dry flat.
2
100% Cotton Toddler
Twill Shortall
Saks
Machine Wash Warm, Wash Separately or with
Like colors, Only Non-Chlorine Bleach when
Needed, Tumble Dry Low, Warm Iron when
Needed.
Machine Wash Warm, Wash Separately or
with Like colors, Only Non-Chlorine Bleach
when Needed, Tumble Dry Low, Warm Iron
when Needed.
3
100% Cotton Toddler
Denim Shortall
Saks
Machine wash Cold, Wash Separately or with
Like colors, Only Non-Chlorine Bleach when
Needed, Tumble Dry Low, Warm Iron when
Needed.
Machine wash Cold, Wash Separately or with
Like colors, Only Non-Chlorine Bleach when
Needed, Tumble Dry Low, Warm Iron when
Needed.
4
100% Cotton Canvas
Cargo Shorts Saks
Machine Wash Cold, With Similar Colors, Only
Non-Chlorine Bleach When Needed, Tumble
dry Low, Remove Promptly, Warm Iron if
Needed.
Machine Wash Cold, With Similar Colors,
Only Non -Chlorine Bleach When Needed,
Tumble dry Low, Remove Promptly, Warm
Iron if Needed.
5
65% Poly 35% Cotton
L/S Aviator Shirt
(Poplin)
Brylane
Machine Wash Warm With Like Colors, Use
Only Non-Chlorine Bleach, Tumble dry
Medium, Medium Steam Iron.
Machine Wash Warm With Like Colors, Use
Only Non -Chlorine Bleach, Tumble dry
Medium, Medium Steam Iron.
6
60% Cotton 40%
Polyester Poplin CVC
Big shirt
Brylane
Wash Dark colors Separately, Machine Wash
Warm, Use Only Non-Chlorine Bleach, Tumble
Dry medium, Medium Steam Iron.
Wash Dark colors Separately, Machine Wash
Warm, Use Only Non-Chlorine Bleach,
Tumble Dry medium, Medium Steam Iron.
7
100% Cotton Sheeting
L/SLV Pigment Dyed
Shirt
Brylane
Wash Dark Colors Before Wearing, Machine
wash warm, Use Only Non-Chlorine Bleach,
Tumble Dry medium, Medium steam Iron.
Wash Dark Colors Before Wearing, Machine
wash warm, Use Only Non-Chlorine Bleach,
Tumble Dry medium, Medium steam Iron.
8
60% Cotton 40%
Polyester Poplin CVC
Big Shirt
Brylane
Machine Wash Warm, Wash Dark Colors
Separately, Use Only Non -Chlorine Bleach,
Tumble Dry Medium, Remove Promptly,
Medium Steam Iron.
Machine Wash Warm, With Like Colors, Do
Not Bleach, Tumble Dry Medium, Remove
Promptly, Medium Steam Iron.
9
100% Cotton Y/Dyed
Stripe Long Sleeve
Men’s Shirt
VF Asia
Machine wash Cold, With Like Colors, Only
Non-Chlorine Bleach When Needed, Remove
Immediately, Tumble Dry Low, Medium Iron.
Machine wash Cold, With Like Colors, Only
Non-Chlorine Bleach When Needed, Remove
Immediately, Tumble Dry Low, Medium Iron.
10.
100% Cotton Men’s
Knitted L/S Jersey
Crew Neck Sweater
K-mart
Machine Wash Warm With Like Colors, Gentle
cycle, Tumble Dry low, Use Only Non-Chlorine
Bleach When Needed
Machine Wash Warm With Like Colors,
Gentle cycle, Tumble Dry low, Use Only Non-
Chlorine BleachWhen Needed
11.
100% Cotton Canvas
Simple Capriall
Overall
Target
Machine Wash Warm With Like Colors, Only
Non-Chlorine Bleach When Needed, Tumble
Dry Low, Remove Promptly, Warm Iron When
Needed.
Machine Wash Warm With Like Colors, Only
Non-Chlorine Bleach When Needed, Tumble
Dry Low, Remove Promptly, Warm Iron
When Needed.
12.
100% Cotton Denim
Fabric For Boys
Jacket
AMC
Machine Wash Warm With Like Colors, Only
Non-Chlorine Bleach When Needed, Tumble
dry Low, Warm iron When Needed.
Machine Wash Warm With Like Colors, Only
Non-Chlorine Bleach When Needed, Tumble
dry Low, Warm iron When Needed.
13.
60% Cotton 40%
Polyester Fleece for
Boy’s Jacket
Carrefour
Machine Wash Cold, Do Not Bleach, Do Not
Dryclean, Do Not Tumble Dry, Cool Iron When
Needed.
Machine Wash Cold, Do Not Bleach, Do Not
Dryclean, Do Not Tumble Dry, Cool Iron
When Needed.
14.
100% Acrylic
Chenille Goody’s
Machine Wash Cold, With Similar colors Only
Non-Chlorine Bleach When Needed, Tumble
dry low, Remove Promptly, Warm Iron if
Needed.
Machine Wash Cold, With Similar colors
Only Non -Chlorine Bleach When Needed,
Tumble dry low, Remove Promptly, Warm
Iron if Needed.
15.
100% Cotton Men’s
Y/D Flannel Shirt Goody’s
Machine Wash cold With Similar Colors, Do
not Bleach, Tumble dry Low, Remove
Promptly.
Machine Wash cold With Similar Colors, Do
not Bleach, Tumble dry Low, Remove
Promptly. Warm iron if Needed.
16.
94% Cotton 6%
Elastane 2X2 Rib for
T-Shirt.
DSL
Machine Wash Warm, Do not Bleach, Cool Iron
if Needed, Do not Dry clean, Do not tumble
Dry.
Machine Wash Warm, Do not Bleach, Cool
Iron if Needed, Do not Dry clean, Do not
tumble Dry.
17.
55% Cotton 45%
Acrylic L/S Mock Nk
Half Cardigan With
Zipper
A & F
Hand Wash cold, Only Non-chlorine Bleach
When needed, Lay Flat to Dry, Cool Iron if
Necessary.
Machine Wash Cold, Tumble dry low, Do Not
Bleach, Cool Iron if Necessary.
18.
60% Cotton 20%
Nylon 20% wool
Saddle Crew
A & F DryClean Only DryClean Only
19.
100% Polyester
Ignitor Zip Off Pant
Dillard’s
Machine Wash Warm, Only Non-chlorine
When Needed, Tumble Dry medium.
Machine Wash Warm, Only Non -chlorine
When Needed, Tumble Dry medium.
20.
65% Polyester 35%
Cotton, 130-140 GSM Dillard’s
Machine Wash Warm, Separately Only Non-
Chlorine Bleach When Needed, Tumble Dry
Medium.
Machine Wash Warm, Separately Only Non -
Chlorine Bleach When Needed, Tumble Dry
Medium.
21.
100% Polyester Boy’s
Toddlar Nordic
Happy Kids
Machine Wash Cold With Like Colors, Only
Non-Chlorine Bleach When Needed, Tumble
Machine Wash Cold With Like Colors, Only
Non-Chlorine Bleach When Needed, Tumble
4. Pakistan Textile Journal July 2005 53
It has been observed that in majority of cases proposed
care instructions by the garment manufacturers are similar
to those obtained through product verification. Deviation
of care instruction in around 12% cases may be due to the
wrong submission of care advice to the nominated labora-
tories of the brand buyers before final inspection, which
had been subsequently revised and correctly proposed
during final shipment of the consignment. Bleaching
instruction is an important factor affecting the evaluation of
care label. In fact, failure in the care instruction in the rele-
vant case is due to incorrect bleaching advice only.
Sometimes, for exports to USA, multiple care instruc-
tions are provided when one style has different colourways.
This is also due to the failure of some colours in the bleach-
ing test. Care label recommendations, in this case, depend
on colour. And the judgement must be directed to prohibit
the use of one standard care label for all colours. In certain
exception and mainly due to commercial reason, buyers
tend to use a safe care instruction which may be applicable
to all colours in the same style. However, such cases are
obviously considered as violation of the FTC rules & regu-
lations for care labeling.
2.3 Fiber products identification
The textile Fiber Products Identification Act was
passed to protect the public against mis-branding and false
advertising" of textile articles. This act is under the juris -
diction of the Federal Trade Commission.
Under this act, the generic name, and percentage of all
fibers in amounts of 5% or more, must be listed in predom-
inance by weight . Fiber trade names may be used in con-
junction with generic name, but may not be used
exclusively. Fibers present in amounts less than 5% can not
be identified by their generic names but should be labeled
as "Other fibers" unless the fibers have functional signifi-
cance, such as 96% Cotton and 4% Spandex for elasticity.
However, Wool fiber that is present in amounts less than
5% should be disclosed under Wool Products Labeling Act.
No tolerance exists for products made wholly of one
fiber. In such a case, product should be labeled as"100%"
or "All". But there is a ± 3% tolerance, by weight, for prod-
ucts composed of more than one fiber.
According to this act, different garment products
exported from Bangladesh to the leading stores in USA in
the month of May 2003 were evaluated by using the
AATCC 20A, ASTM D 629 and ASTM D 1909. The iden-
tified fiber content is presented in the Table 4 along with
the proposed label of garment producers. The garments
were submitted to a third party for verification before final-
ization of fiber content label.
It has been found from the above Table that Fiber
Products Identification Act was not satisfied in 45% cases
due to the improper disclosure of label on the submitted
garment samples. Further investigation revealed that
exporters did not consider the trimming portion of the gar-
ments which includes braiding, collars, embroidery,
appliques etc. while preparing the fiber label. In fact, as per
the regulation, the statement "Exclusive of Decoration"
should have been included in the label along with the
actual fiber content because of the following reasons:
i) Decorative trim or design does not exceed 15% of the
surface area of the product.
ii) No representation is made about the fiber content of
the decorative portion.
iii) Difference in fiber content of base fabric with refer-
ence to trim.
22.
Boys (4/16) S/S Solid
Polo Knit Top, 65%
Polyester 35% Cotton
K-mart
Machine Wash Cold, With Like Colors, Gentle
Cycle, Tumble dry low, Use Only Non-Chlorine
Bleach When Needed.
Machine Wash Cold, With Like Colors,
Gentle Cycle, Tumble dry low, Use Only Non-
Chlorine Bleach When Needed.
23.
Toddler Girls Knit
Top, 65% Polyester
35% Cotton
K-mart Machine Wash Warm, Gentle Cycle, Do not
Bleach, Tumble dry low.
Machine Wash Warm, Gentle Cycle, Do not
Bleach, Tumble dry low.
24.
Men’s S/S 55%
Cotton 45% Rayon
Woven Shirt
Costco
Machine wash Cold with Like Colors, Only
Non-Chlorine Bleach When Needed, Tumble
dry Low, Warm Iron.
Machine wash Cold with Like Colors, Only
Non-Chlorine Bleach When Needed, Tumble
dry Low, Warm Iron.
25.
60% Cotton 40%
Polyester Boys Top &
Bottom Thermal
U/Wear Set
KRU Machine Wash Cold, Gentle Cycle, Tumble Dry
Low.
Machine Wash Cold, Gentle Cycle Tumble
Dry Low, Use Only Non Chlorine Bleach
When Needed. Warm Iron if Needed.
26.
100% Cotton Printed
Floor Sock
Meijer
Machine Wash Warm With Like Colors, Use
Only Non-Chlorine Bleach When Needed,
Tumble dry Low.
Machine Wash Warm With Like Colors, Use
Only Non -Chlorine Bleach When Needed,
Tumble dry Low.
27.
88% Cotton 12%
Polyester Men’s L/S
Shirt
PVH
Machine Wash Warm, with Like Colors, Only
Non-Chlorine Bleach When Needed, Tumble
dry Low, Remove Promptly, Touch of With
Steam Iron If Desired.
Machine Wash Warm, with Like Colors, Only
Non-Chlorine Bleach When Needed, Tumble
dry Low, Remove Promptly, Touch of With
Steam Iron If Desired.
28.
100% Cotton Canvas
Ladies Shorts/Skirts
Promod
Machine Cold, Gentle Cycle , Do not Bleach,
cool Iron if Needed, Dryclean, Do not Tumble
Dry.
Machine Cold, Gentle Cycle , Do not Bleach,
cool Iron if Needed, Dryclean, Do not Tumble
Dry.
29.
100% Cotton Fleece
for Girls Tricot
Lindex Machine Wash Hot, Normal Cycle , Do not
Bleach, Hot Iron, Dry Clean, Tumble Dry Iron.
Machine Wash Hot, Normal Cycle, Do not
Bleach, Hot Iron, Dry Clean, Tumble Dry
Iron.
30. 100% Cotton Boy’s
L/S T-Shirt with Emb.
/ Applique
Lindex
Machine Wash Hot, Normal Cycle, Do not
Bleach, Hot Iron, Dry Clean, Line dry.
Machine Wash Hot, Normal Cycle, Do not
Bleach, Hot Iron, Dry Clean, Line dry.
5. 54 Pakistan Textile Journal July 2005
2.4 Seam strength
In garment industry, stitching of different areas of a
product is a key character to determine the quality. The
efficiency of which depends on strength, elasticity, durabil-
ity, security and appearance of the constructed seam bal-
anced with the properties of the material to be joined. Seam
strength/slippage is also a parameter in the apparel trade
for acceptance testing of a product manufactured under a
particular international brand.
Seam strength property of ran-
domly selected garment products was
evaluated for brand buyers of USA
and tabulated duly. The test was car-
ried out at 21ºC and 65% relative
humidity by following ASTM D 1683.
It has been observed from the
results that the requirement of the
buyers for selected seam points of var-
ious garments are fulfilled satisfacto-
rily. In actual cases, all the stress areas
of the seam throughout the garments
were tested and similar trend was
found. This reveals that the export ori-
ented garments of Bangladesh are
acceptable for seam strength proper-
ties to the international buyers.
2.5 Colour fastness to laundering
Various export oriented garments
of Bangladesh were subjected to
accelerated laundering by using
AATCC 61, 2A, depending on the care
label recommendations.
Colour fastness to laundering for
export oriented garments of different
brand buyers of USA is depicted in
Table 6. Test results of this accelerated
evaluation are the simulation of colour
change effects of five typical home or
commercial laundering. Required
level of acceleration has been
achieved by purposely increasing cer-
tain parameter such as temperature.
It is corroborated from the study
that requirements of buyers were not
satisfied in only 9% cases, which
reflects the suitability of garment
items of Bangladesh for international
garment arena.
2.6 Colour fastness to crocking
Colour fastness to crocking is
regarded as one of the easiest ways to
examine the performance of a garment
in day to day use. Thus, lot of empha-
sis has been given by the internation-
ally reputed buyers on this important
property.
To assess the quality of RMG of
Bangladesh with respect to this prop-
erty, several cases were studied for
reputed buyers of USA market by determining the colour
fastness to crocking by using the method AATCC-8.
The results enumerated in indicate that colour fastness
to crocking for garment products of Bangladesh meets
international requirement standards of reputed stores
except in one case. As per the requirements of buyers, con-
sumers are to be informed if the result of the crocking is
Table 4: Identification of Fiber Composition
Product Client Proposed Fiber Content Identified Fiber Content Remarks
Men’s Woven Jacket
(Water Resistant)
USA 100% Polyester 100% polyester Pass
Infant Boys CVC
Jersey Knit Top
USA 60% Cotton 40%
Polyester Exclusive of
Decoration
59.1% Cotton 40.9%
Polyester
Fail
Girls Printed Velour
Top
USA 100% Polyester 100% Polyester Pass
Girls Hooded Velour
Top
USA 100% Polyester 100% polyester Pass
Ladies Cotton
Streaky Denim
Woven Shorts
USA 100% Cotton 100% Cotton Pass
Toddler Girls Knit
Top With Woven
Jumper
USA 65% Polyester 35%
Cotton
65.5% Polyester 34.5%
Cotton
Pass
Boys SwimTrunk USA Shell : 100% Polyester
Lining : 100% Polyester
Shell : 100% Polyester
Lining : 100% Polyester
Pass
Ladies Woven
Overall
USA 100% Cotton 100% Cotton Exclusive
of Decoration
Fail
Infant Girls Knit
Top With Woven
Pant
USA 100% Cotton 100% Cotton Exclusive
of Decoration
Fail
Toddler Boys Knit
Top Nylon Woven
Pant Set
USA 65% Cotton 35%
Polyester
65.7% Polyester 34.3%
Cotton Exclusive of
Decoration
Fail
Men’s Long Sleeve
Crew Neck Tee Knit
Top
USA 100% Cotton 100% Cotton Exclusive
of Decoration
Fail
Ladies Cotton
Corduroy Woven
Jean Jacket
USA Body:
97% Cotton 3% Spandex
Denim Portion
90% Cotton 8% Nylon
2% Spandex
97% Cotton 3% Spandex
Exclusive of Decoration
Fail
Ladies Cord Woven
Skirt
USA 97% Cotton 3% Spandex 97% Cotton 3% Spandex Pass
Ladies Woven Skirt USA 90% Cotton 8% Nylon
2% Spandex
91% Cotton 7.4% Nylon
1.6%Spandex
Pass
Toddler Girls Top
With Jumper
USA Top
65% Polyester 35%
Cotton
Jumper
100% Cotton
Top
100% Cotton
Jumper
100% Cotton Exclusive
of Decoration
Fail
Infant Girls Top
With Overall
USA Top
100% Cotton
Overall
100% Cotton
Top
100% Cotton
Overall
100% Cotton Exclusive
of Decoration
Fail
Infant/Toddler Boys
Knit Fleece Jacket
USA 100% Polyester 100% Polyester Pass
Boys CVC Solid
Knit Top
USA 65% Cotton 35%
Polyester
Exclusive of Decoration
65.2% Cotton 34.8%
Polyester Exclusive of
Decoration
Pass
Toddler Girls
Top/Pant Set
USA Top
65% Polyester
35% Cotton
Pant
100% Cotton
Top
67.2% Polyester
32.8% Cotton
Exclusive of Decoration
Pant
100% Cotton
Exclusive of Decoration
Fail
Infant Toddler Boys
Woven Shirt
USA 100% Cotton 100% Cotton Pass
6. Pakistan Textile Journal July 2005 55
failed at original state and is passed after one wash stage. It
is, therefore, mandatory to add the statement "Wash before
Wearing" on the care instruction label in such cases.
2.7 Dimensional stability to washing
Dimensional change of garment after washing and
drying is a favorite and essential parameter for consumers
to judge the suitability its for the intended end use. In order
to do performance evaluation of export oriented garments
of Bangladesh, some products were tested wherein the
actual shrinkage and related change in skewness / torque
were measured vis-à-vis
acceptable limits of reputed
buyers. Dimensional Stability
was measured according to
AATCC 135 and AATCC 150,
and the skewness / torque
change was determined by
AATCC 179.
It has been found that, in
around 21% cases, garments
could not satisfy the require-
ment of buyers. In fact, the
reported shrinkage is not only
affected by original fabric but
also factors such as construc-
tion of garment, tensions
applied in related processes,
use of sewing threads and
trims are responsible for the
drift from the desired bench
mark of shrinkage. However,
the change in skewness /
torque is within the limit of
acceptance in the international
consumer market.
3. Social accountability
It is not only the quality of
garments which is an impor-
tant aspect, but working envi-
ronment plays a major role to
strengthen consumer confi-
dence and to build-up more
reliable relationships with
vendors. In order to do so, the
reputed and leading market
players in the garment trade
have imposed compulsion on
the related factories to achieve
those objectives as a condition
of the export contract. Even
the exports were either with-
held or cancelled elsewhere in
the event of non-compliance
to such issues.
Code of conduct (COC)
Social Accountability
standards have been devel-
oped by the international
organizations such as FLA, WRAP, CEPAA, ETI and BSR.
Reputed brand buyers in large supply chain have taken the
guideline from those organizations and formulated their
own standard of COC and also the acceptance criteria.
The basic principles of COC have been derived from
the principles of international human rights norms as delin-
eated in International Labour Organization Conventions,
the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child
& Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
Table 5 : Seam Strength Data
No. Sample
Description
Client Required Seam
Strength (lbs)
Evaluated Seam
Strength (lbs)
Remarks
1 Men’s Y/D
Flannel Shirt
Dollar General Woven Seam: 20 1) Side: 36.59 (FR)
2)Yoke: 56.40 (FR)
3) Shoulder 58.98 (FR)
Pass
2 100% Cotton
L/S Solid
Corduroy
Goody’s Woven Seam: 15
Pocket
Functional Seam : 10
1) Side: 22.50 (FR)
2) Shoulder: 23. 97 (FR)
3) Pocket
Functional : 10.10 (FR)
Pass
3 Boys 4-16 TC
S/S Y/D Pique
Polo Top
K-mart 50% elongation
or 7
1) Side : 80-89 (FR)
2) Shoulder : 99.33(FR)
3) Head
Opening : 71.44 (TB)
Pass
4 Men’s
Cotton/Nylon
Solid Woven
Swim trunk
Kmart Woven: 20 1) Side: 72-40 (TB)
2) Seat : 60-86 (FR)
3) Waist: 180.30 (TB)
Pass
5 Ladies Cotton
Ribbed Sweater
Knit Top.
K-Mart 50% elongation or 7 1) Side : 52.32. (FR)
2) Arm
Opening: 31.62 (FR)
Pass
6 Ladies Cotton
Twill woven
Overall
K-Mart 20 I) Side : 75.76 (YS)
II) Back Rise
: 80.56 (FR)
III) Crotch : 73.77 (YS).
Pass
7 Functional
Fleece Pull on
Pant
Target 30% Elongation or 6 I) Side: 55.09 (TB)
II) Waist: 49.99(TB)
(III) Seat : 109.50 (TB
,FR)
Pass
8 Men’s Sport
Shirt
Shopko 20 I) Side: 55.09 (TB)
II) Yoke : 34.52 (YS)
(III) Seat: 109.50 (TB,
FR)
Pass
9 Fall 2003 Men’s
Denim Shirt
Goody’s 15 I) Side : 28.24(YS)
II) Yoke : 79.33 (FR)
III) Shoulder : 79.38 YS)
Pass
10 100% Rayon
Ladies S/S Long
Dress
Target Woven Seam : 20 i) Side: 35.46(TB)
ii) Shoulder 34.50 (TB)
iii) Bottom: 27.57(YS)
Pass
11 100% Cotton
Men’s L/S BTM
Down Shirt
Target Woven Seam : 25
Pocket Functional
Seam: 10
i) Side : 37.29 (YS)
ii) Yoke : 39.87 (FR)
iii) Pocket (F) 6.39 (TB)
Pass
12 Girls Woven
Cotton Denim
Baseball Jacket
K-mart Denim Woven
Seam: 40
i) Side : 74. 55 (YS)
ii) Arm: 75. 92 (FR)
Pass
13 Girl woven
Cotton Spandex
Solid Corduroy
Pant
K-mart Woven Seam: 20 i) Side : 21.85(YS)
ii) Back Rise : 23. 46
(YB)
iii) Crotch: 61.91 (FR)
Pass
14 Boot Print Patch
Denim Overall
Gymboree Woven Seam : 20 i) Side: 101. 80(FR)
ii) Seat: 87.90 (YS)
iii) Waist: 158.90(FR)
Pass
15 Tod Girl &
Girl’s 3 in 1
woven Coat
K-mart Woven Seam: 20
Lbs.
Pocket Functional
Seam : 15
i) Side : 60.81 (TB)
ii) Shoulder 38. 28 (TB)
iii Pocket 24.91
Pass
16. 100% Cotton
Denim Pant
Shopko Woven Seam: 20 Side: 22.09 (YS)
Waist: 52.19 (TB)
Seat: 32.56 (YS)
Pass
7. 56 Pakistan Textile Journal July 2005
The nine core areas
addressed as follows:
1. Child labour
2. Forced labour
3. Health and safety
4. Compensation
5. Working hours
6. Discrimination
7. Discipline
8. Free association and
collective bargaining
9. Management
systems
While following the
above criteria is compul-
sory for satisfying COC,
local culture and regula-
tion of Govt. can not be
overlooked. For instance,
limit of working hours and
compensation for extra
work may not be the same
for all geographical zones
in the globe. Minimum
basic wage also depends
on the economic situation
of a particular country in
question. The introduction
of rights of free association
and collective bargaining
is guided by the political
environment, the maturity
level of workforce and
above all the basic training
of the management of the
organization.
Current level of main-
tenance of compliance
with hygiene and safety
standards is not adequate
in Bangladesh and the
reported tragedies like the
incidence of fire in the gar-
ment industry (4) support
the fact to a certain degree.
Such accidents seriously
tarnish the image of
Bangladesh and could
cause buyers to turn to
countries where tragedies
of this type are less likely
or are hidden from the
international press.
In spite of the promul-
gation of laws by the
Government, the majority
of garment workers remain
deprived of their legal
Table 6: Colorfastness to Laundering
NO. Sample Description Client Required
Colorfastness to
Laundering
Evaluated
Colorfastness
to Laundering
Remarks
1. Long Sleeve Men’s Shirt VF ASIA C.C. 4.0 C.C. 4.5 Pass
2. Men’s Sports Shirt Dollar General C.C. 3.0 C.C. 4.0 Pass
3. Infant / Toddler Girls Polar
Fleece Hooded Pull Over L/S
Top
K-mart C.C. 4.0
S.S. 4.0
C.C. 4.0
S.S. 4.5
Pass
4. Boot Print Patch Denim Overall Gymboree C.C. 3.0
S.S. 4.5
C.C. 4.0
S.S. 4.5
Pass
5. Cord Pull on Pant Hudson’s Bay C.C. 4.0 C.C. 4.0 Pass
6. 100% Cotton Men’s L/S Denim
Over Shirt
Target C.C. 3.0
M.F.S.3.0
C.C. 4.0
Ace 4.0
Cot 4.5
Nyl 3.5
Poly 4.5
Acry 4.5
Wool 4.0
Pass
7. 100% Rayon Crinkle Print
Fabric
Target C.C. 4.0
S.S. 4.0
M.F.S. 4.0
C.C. 4.5
S.S. 4.5
Ace 4.5
Cot 4.5
Nyl 4.5
Poly4-5
Acry4-5
Wool4-5
Pass
8. Cargo Pocket Fleece Pant Hudson’s Bay C.C. 4.0
M.F.S. 4.0
C.C.4.0
Ace 3.5
Cot 4.5
Nyl 3.5
Poly 4.0
Acry 4.5
Wool 4.0
Fail
9. Boys (4/16) S/S Solid Polo
Knit Top
K-mart C.C. 4.0
M.F.S. 3.0
C.C.4.5
Ace 3.0
Cot 4.0
Nyl 3.5
Poly 3.5
Acry 4.0
Wool 4.0
Pass
10. 100% Cotton Y/D Flannel Dollar General C.C. 4.0
S.S. 4.5
4.0
4.5
Pass
11. Stripe & Solid Bath & Wash
Cloth
Dollar General C.C. 4.0
S.S. 4.5
4.5
4.5
Pass
12. Men’s Denim Shirt Dollar General C.C. 3.5 4.0 Pass
13. Rib Bath Towel Dollar General C.C. 4.0 4.5 Pass
14. 100% Polyester Polar Fleece
Both Side Brush one side Anti-
Pilling, 300 GSM
Goody’s C.C. 4.0 4.0 Pass
15. 100% Acrylic Chenille L/S
Sweater
Goody’s C.C. 4.0 4.0 Pass
16. 100% Nylon Men’s Woven
Jacket (Water Resistant)
K-mart C.C. 4.0 4.5 Pass
17. Men’ Cotton Jersey Knit Top K-mart C.C. 4.0
S.S. 4.5
4.5
4.5
Pass
18. Long Sleeve Men’s Shirt,100%
Cotton
VF Asia C.C. 4.0 4.0 Pass
19. Boys (4/16) S/S Solid Polo
Knit Top
Dillard’s C.C. 4.0
M.F.S. 3.0
C.C.4.5
Ace 3.0
Cot 4.0
Nyl 3.5
Poly 3.5
Acry 4.0
Wool 4.0
Pass
20. 100% Cotton Y/D Oxford
Fabric
AMC C.C. 4.0
MFS. 3.0
C.C.4.5
Ace 4.5
Cot 4.0
Nyl 4.0
Poly 4.5
Acry 4.5
Wool 4.5
Pass
8. Pakistan Textile Journal July 2005 57
rights. Laws are there in the papers but its implementation
is not always felt while looking at it from the micro level
right on the ground. Some of the issues which still remain
neglected are:i) Minimum basic salary, ii) Working
hours, iii) Overtime calcula-
tion, iv) Off day in a week and
v) Yearly increment.
4. Concluding remarks
Bangladesh apparel
exporters are likely to lose the
protected market in the US
and EU because of stiff com-
petition from the major play-
ers, including China, India,
Thailand and Pakistan during
the post MFA era, according to
the observers in the garments
sector in Bangladesh. Once
the quota regime passes into
history, they feared, major
buyers may not use
Bangladesh as a source coun-
try on the ground that it has a
handful of companies which
serve the global market of the
ready-made garments.
Bangladesh has already
been facing tough competition
in the US market from the
Sub-Saharan and Caribbean
countries due to USTDA-
2000 (US Trade and
Development Act-2000). A
total of 72 Sub-Saharan and
Caribbean countries have been
enjoying this controversial
advantage reducing Dhaka's
competitive edge.
Economists identified high
lead time, less productivity
comparing to other competing
nations despite relatively low
wages, poor law and order sit-
uation and infrastructure bot-
tleneck as the major
impediments for garment
industries. In the absence of
adequate number of backward
linkage industries, duration of
producing apparel take com-
paratively more time, as enter-
prises need to import raw
materials and face an unneces-
sary delay due to bureaucratic
'Red Tape', sluggishness of
customs formalities and the
loading and unloading of
ships. In order to shorten these periods, the garment manu-
facturers tend to force their workers into lengthy working
hours when a large order comes in, but this arrangement,
21. 100% Cotton Double Button
Mega Shirt [(60 X 60/ 20X20
(Sheeting)]
Brylane C.C. 4.0
M.F.S. 3.0
C.C.4.5
Ace 4.5
Cot 3.5
Nyl 3.5
Poly 4.5
Acry 4.5
Wool 4.5
Pass
22. 100% Cotton Knitted T-Shirt Lindex C.C. 4
M.FS 4
C.C.4
Ace 4
Cot 3-4
Nyl 3-4
Poly 4-5
Acry 4-5
Wool 4-5
Fail
Note : C.C. Change in colour ; S.S : Self staining; M.F.S. : Multi-fiber staining.
Table 7 : Colorfastness to Crocking
SL.
No.
Sample Description Client Required
Colour
Fastness to
Crocking
Evaluated
Colour Fastness
to Crocking
Remarks
1. Men’s Cotton Jersey
L/S Tee Knit Top
K-mart Dry: 4.0
Wet: 3.0
4.5
3.0
Pass
2. Boot Print Patch Denim
Overall
Gymboree Dry: 3.0
Wet: 2.0
4.0
2.5
Pass
3. Boy’s Cardigan Dollar General Dry: 4.0
Wet: 3-4
4-5
3-4
Pass
4. Girls Fleece
Seat W Hood
C&A Dry: 4.0
Wet: 3.0
4.0
3-4
Pass
5. 100% Cotton Y/D
Flannel
Dollar General Dry: 4.0
Wet: 3.0
4.0
3.5
Pass
6. Men’s Plaid Shirt Dollar General Dry : 4.0
Wet: 3.0
4.5
3.5
Pass
7. Men’s Denim Shirt Dollar General Dry : 3.5
Wet: 2.0
4.0
3.0
Pass
8. 100% Polyester Spun
Polar Fleece Both Side
Brush one Side Anti-
Pilling
Goody’s Dry: 4.0
Wet: 3.0
4.5
4.5
Pass
9. 100% Acrylic Chenille Goody’s Dry : 4.0
Wet : 3.0
4.5
4.0
Pass
10. Boy’s (4/16) S/S Solid
Polo Knit Top, 65%
Polyester 35% Cotton
K-mart Dry : 4.0
Wet : 3.5
4.0
3.0
Fail
11. Toddler Girls & Girls 3
in 1 woven Coat, 100%
Polyester Brushed
Fleece
K-mart Dry : 4.0
Wet : 3.0
4.5
4.5
Pass
12. Ladies Cotton Polyester
Knitted Pajama Set
K-mart Dry : 4.0
Wet : 3.0
4.5
4.5
Pass
13. Boy’s Woven Cotton
Denim / Twill Baseball
Jacket with Hood
K-mart Dry : 4.0
Wet : 2.0
4.0
3.0
Pass
14. Men Woven Cotton Y/D
Flannel L/S Shirt
K-mart Dry : 3.0
Wet : 2.5
4.5
2.5
Pass
15. Ladies Cotton Twill
Woven Overall
K-mart Dry : 4.0
Wet : 2.0
4.5
4.5
Pass
16. Girl Woven Cotton
Spandex Solid corduroy
Pants
K-mart Dry : 3.0
Wet : 2.0
4.5
4.0
Pass
17. Corduroy Blazer Brylane Dry : 4.0
Wet : 3.0
4.5
3.5
Pass
18. CVC Big Shirt Brylane Dry : 4.0
Wet : 3.0
4.5
4.5
Pass
19. 100% Polyester Mesh
Fabric
Target Dry : 4.0
Wet : 3.0
4.0
4.0
Pass
20. 100% Cotton Mens L/S
Denim Over Shirt
Target Dry : 3.0
Wet : 1.5
4.0
3.0
Pass
9. 58 Pakistan Textile Journal July 2005
which ignores the workers' basic right, is ineffective in
both the short and long term in international business.
References
1. "Garments 'made in Bangladesh'. The social reality
behind the label", Samuel Grumiau, European
Initiatives on Monitoring and Verification of Codes of
conduct in the Garment and Sportswear industry,
Centre for research on multinational corporations,
22nd December, 2002, Page 9.
2. "A blessing for garment workers", Buyers Evaluation,
The Independent, 11th August, 2000, Page 6.
3. Backward Linkage to Ready Made Garments -
Bangladesh Perspective, Khandker Habib Ahmed,
Academic Press and Publishers Limited, Dhaka,
January 2002, Page 189.
4. "Showcause on govt, garment factories", The Daily
Star archive, 29th August, 1997.
Table 8: DimensionalStability to Washing & Torque
Desired Shrinkage
(%)
Evaluated Shrinkage (%) Desired
Torque
(After 1
Wash)
Evaluated
Torque
(After 1
Wash)
RemarksSL.
NO
Sample Description Client
1st
Wash 3rd
Wash 1st
Wash 3rd
Wash
1. 100% Cotton Canvas
Simple Capriall
Overall
Target 3/+1 3/+1 L : 2.9
W: 0.8
3.0
1.2
2% B/Wash: 0.0
A/Wash: 0.5
Pass
2. 100% Cotton Interlock
Fabric for Rugby Polo
Shirt
Target 7
+1 L
+3 W
7
+1 L
+3 W
L : 4
W : 3
5.2
3.4
5% B/Wash: 0.0
A/Wash: 2.0
Pass
3. 100% Cotton Knit
Velour Fabric For
Children wear
Target 10
+1 L
+3 W
10
+1 L
+3 W
L: 3.5
W:2.6
3.6
2.7
5% B/Wash: 0.5
A/Wash: 1.6
Pass
4. 100% Polyester
Sanded Sheeting
VF ASIA 4 4 L : 0
W : 0
0
0
½” B/Wash : 0
A/Wash : ¼”
Pass
5. 100% Cotton Jersey,
240 GSM, Enzyme
Silicon Wash)
Hudson’s
Bay
6 6 L: 0.8
W: 0.8
6. 0
11.1
/ B/Wash: 0.0
A/Wash: 1.5
Pass
6. Tang Top , S/J Russel
Europe
7 7 L: 3.6
W: 4.9
4.5
5.7
/ B/Wash: 0.0
A/Wash: 1.5
Pass
7. X-Mas Program,
100% Cotton
Kmart 7 7 L: 7.5
W:0.0
8.7
2.5
5% B/Wash: 0.0
A/Wash: 2.5
Fail
8. 100% Cotton Long
Pant
Target 3 3 L : 0
W: 0
2.5
2.4
5% B/Wash: 1.2
A/Wash: 2.5
Pass
9. 100% Polyester Peach
finish Twill
Hudson’s
Bay
2 2 L : 1.0
W :1.5
1.0
1.5
/ B/Wash: 1.0
A/Wash: 2.6
Pass
10. 2 Yds Fabric In True
Rose & Exp. Blue, 100
% Cotton
Wal-Mart 3 3 L: 0.4
W: 3.3
1.2
3.6
5% B/Wash: 0.0
A/Wash: 2.5
Fail
11. Long Sleeve Men’s
Shirt
VF ASIA 4 4 L : 3.7
W:1.2
5.0
0.2
½” B/Wash: 0.0
A/Wash:
<1/2”
Fail
12. 100% Polyester
150/96 Filament Polar
Fleece, both Side
Brush One side Anti-
Pilling, 300 GSM
Goody’s 5 5 L : 0.6
W:0.0
2.2
1.2
2% B/Wash: 0.0
A/Wash: 0.9
Pass
13. 100% Polyester Micro
Fiber
(PF75DXPF150D)
William
Carter
3 3 L: 0.8
W: 0.6
1.2
1.2
5% B/Wash: 1.2
A/Wash: 2.5
Pass
14. 65% Polyester 35%
Cotton S/Jersey, 140
GSM
William
Carter
5 5 L: 0.8
W: 0.6
1.4
0.9
5% B/Wash: 0.8
A/Wash: 1.6
Pass
15. 100% Cotton Twill
Cargo Pant
Target 3 3 L : 0
W: 0
1.2
1.2
5% B/Wash: 0.0
A/Wash: 2.5
Pass
16. 95% Cotton 5%
Spandex Twill Ladies
Short
Target 5 5 L : 2.5
W: 1.2
2.5
0.0
5% B/Wash: 0.0
A/Wash: 2.5
Pass
17. 100% Cotton Flannel
Sleeping gown
Brylane 3 3 L: 5.0
W: 2.9
3.7
4.6
½” B/Wash: 0.0
A/Wash: 1.2
Fail
18. 100% cotton Madras
Fabric For Men’s Shirt
Target 5 5 L: 4.1
W: 3.7
3.7
4.6
5% B/Wash: 0.0
A/Wash: 0.5
Pass
19. 100% Cotton Indigo
Denim
VF Asia 4 4 L: 1.2
W: 0.0
1.2
0.6
½” B/Wash: 0.0
A/Wash:
<1/2”
Pass
+ indicates growth