This document summarizes emerging technologies for language testing and assessment using computers and the internet. It discusses the history of computerized language testing from the 1960s to present. Key points covered include the move to web-based testing using tools like JavaScript, authoring programs for creating online tests, and the future of technologies like speech recognition and adaptive testing. The document concludes with an extensive list of resources for online language testing tools, organizations, sample tests, and more.
Analysis of existing technological platforms for the collaborative production...Proyecto LATIn
Abstract: The production of high-quality open textbooks requires the collaboration of different contributors. This work conducts a comparative analysis of the six different collaborative platforms for the production of books. To be able to compare the platforms, several dimensions extracted from literature of collaborative writing and the requirements associated with open textbooks are described and used. As conclusion of the study, it is clear that Connexions is currently the best option for the collaborative production of open textbooks although it lacks some basic functionality. This work recommend the creation of a new breed of platforms that better support the producers of open textbooks that inherit all the successful capabilities of the current generation.
VII Jornadas eMadrid "Education in exponential times". "Analysing and Alterin...eMadrid network
VII Jornadas eMadrid "Education in exponential times". "Analysing and Altering MOOC Learners' Behaviours at Scale". Claudia Hauff. TU Delft, Países Bajos. 03/07/2017.
The document discusses several pilot studies conducted with university students participating in free/libre open source software (FLOSS) projects.
In the first pilot study, 13 students tested 16 FLOSS projects and found 78 bugs, reporting 68 with 43 replies. 10 bugs were fixed by the community and 5 by students.
A second pilot involved 24 students testing and coding on 18 projects. 20 bugs were fixed by communities and 3 by students. Two students created and hosted a game project.
A third larger pilot involved 36 students testing, requirements analysis, and coding across 51 projects. Students reported over 100 bugs and received many replies. Some students became active long-term contributors.
The pilots found FLOSS participation provided
This document provides an introduction to various topics related to internet technology, including:
- HTML, CSS, JavaScript, PHP, and MySQL which are the main subjects and technologies covered in the course.
- A brief history of the World Wide Web and its creator Tim Berners-Lee.
- Explanations and examples of HTML tags, elements, attributes, and basic document structure.
- Overviews of popular web browsers like Internet Explorer, Firefox, Safari, Opera, Google Chrome, and their features.
- The objectives and structure of the "Internet Technology" course, which introduces students to building websites and web applications.
Is there a place for Blackboard Collaborate in blended learning design?Matt Cornock
Durham Blackboard Users Conference 2016. Does Blackboard Collaborate and similar synchronous collaborative technology has a justifiable place contributing to blended learning and teaching or will forever remain in the distance learning
domain? Please feel free to share your suggestions to the padlet at http://bit.ly/durbbu-collab-ws - abstract available at http://bit.ly/1UzRQJ1
An Approach for Supporting P2P Collaborative Communication Based on Learning ...Luciana Zaina
The diversity of mobile communication scenarios brings up the needs for applications to access not only internet services but also local applications where the communication between the devices (called collaborative communication) happen without the usage of internet infrastructure. This scenario represents a peer-to-peer (P2P) network, which allows the sharing and the exchanging of hardware, software and content. The goal of this work is to propose a mobile P2P collaborative communication approach to allow the sharing and the exchanging of learning objects comparing their metadata to the student learning profile. A prototype was developed and we performed the architecture evaluation with 20 students of an undergraduate course. An evaluation using different message protocols was conducted to verify the proposal and suggest the best communication technology. The communication technology has an impact on the time spent during the exchange of objects which may interfere in the student motivation.
An overview of Blackboard Collaborate online seminar (webinar) and synchronous learning platform. Collaborate is available to all Departments, including non-academic teams, who are looking for an online presentation, discussion and collaboration tool. If you are an instructor on a Yorkshare VLE site, you can already use the tool. Simply follow the guidance at https://bit.ly/eldt-webinars.
If you haven't got instructor access to a VLE site, or you would like a separate space to manage Collaborate, contact us at vle-support@york.ac.uk.
Analysis of existing technological platforms for the collaborative production...Proyecto LATIn
Abstract: The production of high-quality open textbooks requires the collaboration of different contributors. This work conducts a comparative analysis of the six different collaborative platforms for the production of books. To be able to compare the platforms, several dimensions extracted from literature of collaborative writing and the requirements associated with open textbooks are described and used. As conclusion of the study, it is clear that Connexions is currently the best option for the collaborative production of open textbooks although it lacks some basic functionality. This work recommend the creation of a new breed of platforms that better support the producers of open textbooks that inherit all the successful capabilities of the current generation.
VII Jornadas eMadrid "Education in exponential times". "Analysing and Alterin...eMadrid network
VII Jornadas eMadrid "Education in exponential times". "Analysing and Altering MOOC Learners' Behaviours at Scale". Claudia Hauff. TU Delft, Países Bajos. 03/07/2017.
The document discusses several pilot studies conducted with university students participating in free/libre open source software (FLOSS) projects.
In the first pilot study, 13 students tested 16 FLOSS projects and found 78 bugs, reporting 68 with 43 replies. 10 bugs were fixed by the community and 5 by students.
A second pilot involved 24 students testing and coding on 18 projects. 20 bugs were fixed by communities and 3 by students. Two students created and hosted a game project.
A third larger pilot involved 36 students testing, requirements analysis, and coding across 51 projects. Students reported over 100 bugs and received many replies. Some students became active long-term contributors.
The pilots found FLOSS participation provided
This document provides an introduction to various topics related to internet technology, including:
- HTML, CSS, JavaScript, PHP, and MySQL which are the main subjects and technologies covered in the course.
- A brief history of the World Wide Web and its creator Tim Berners-Lee.
- Explanations and examples of HTML tags, elements, attributes, and basic document structure.
- Overviews of popular web browsers like Internet Explorer, Firefox, Safari, Opera, Google Chrome, and their features.
- The objectives and structure of the "Internet Technology" course, which introduces students to building websites and web applications.
Is there a place for Blackboard Collaborate in blended learning design?Matt Cornock
Durham Blackboard Users Conference 2016. Does Blackboard Collaborate and similar synchronous collaborative technology has a justifiable place contributing to blended learning and teaching or will forever remain in the distance learning
domain? Please feel free to share your suggestions to the padlet at http://bit.ly/durbbu-collab-ws - abstract available at http://bit.ly/1UzRQJ1
An Approach for Supporting P2P Collaborative Communication Based on Learning ...Luciana Zaina
The diversity of mobile communication scenarios brings up the needs for applications to access not only internet services but also local applications where the communication between the devices (called collaborative communication) happen without the usage of internet infrastructure. This scenario represents a peer-to-peer (P2P) network, which allows the sharing and the exchanging of hardware, software and content. The goal of this work is to propose a mobile P2P collaborative communication approach to allow the sharing and the exchanging of learning objects comparing their metadata to the student learning profile. A prototype was developed and we performed the architecture evaluation with 20 students of an undergraduate course. An evaluation using different message protocols was conducted to verify the proposal and suggest the best communication technology. The communication technology has an impact on the time spent during the exchange of objects which may interfere in the student motivation.
An overview of Blackboard Collaborate online seminar (webinar) and synchronous learning platform. Collaborate is available to all Departments, including non-academic teams, who are looking for an online presentation, discussion and collaboration tool. If you are an instructor on a Yorkshare VLE site, you can already use the tool. Simply follow the guidance at https://bit.ly/eldt-webinars.
If you haven't got instructor access to a VLE site, or you would like a separate space to manage Collaborate, contact us at vle-support@york.ac.uk.
The document summarizes the process of creating a double page spread for a magazine article. It describes choosing a close-up photo for the spread because it fits with the Q&A format. It then discusses editing the photo by increasing exposure and reducing noise. While not sticking strictly to the magazine's color theme, a black and gray scheme was used for a darker, more personal feel. Font choices were made to mimic professional magazines and emphasize the "Q&A" title. Research on other magazine spreads informed decisions like adding larger quote text to fill space.
El documento describe las partes principales del hardware de un ordenador, incluyendo el monitor, teclado, ratón, torre, placa base, microprocesador, memoria RAM, disco duro, tarjetas de audio y video, puertos como USB, y periféricos como impresoras, cámaras y pendrives. Explica que el hardware se refiere a la parte física del ordenador y cómo sus componentes se conectan mediante cables para permitir que funcione.
Letter of Recommendation (Prof. Sullivan)Max Eicher
This letter of recommendation from Mark Sullivan strongly recommends Max Eicher for consideration. Sullivan has known Eicher as his professor and seen his distinguished work. Eicher brings high standards and a results orientation as a highly participative, practical, and curious student who asks thoughtful questions. Eicher's internships and entrepreneurial efforts also demonstrate leadership, client service, and creating value. Sullivan believes Eicher has the aptitude to grow into a real business leader, and that investing in him would be rewarded over time.
Corruption in Azerbaijan Army (in Safar Abiyev period)Jasur Sumerinli
This is letter of former major Renat Yusufov to president, who was a finance officer in the Azerbaijan Armed Forces, now resides in jail number 2 in Baku. He now charges that he saw many illegal activities in the Ministry of Defense.
Dokumen ini memberikan panduan cara merawat berbagai komponen utama pada komputer personal seperti motherboard, processor, power supply, RAM, dan monitor. Beberapa tips yang diberikan antara lain menggunakan UPS dan stabilizer, menjaga ventilasi dan menghindari debu, serta membersihkan slot dan konektor secara berkala.
Este documento presenta un informe de un trabajo práctico sobre una página web realizado por Guillermo Arrieta para la materia Informática. El informe identifica varios errores y problemas técnicos encontrados en la página web como letras faltantes o borrosas, falta de puntos finales, cambios en el formato y color de fuente que no mantienen una apariencia consistente.
"Presentation of Beni CMS as a Content Management System born out of the neccesities of the local Albanian market.
- Overview of the system
- The philosophy behind Beni
- Building Blocks (Resources, Contents, Components, Pages)
- Announcement of Open Source status
- How you can contribute"
This document provides an introduction and definition of computer-assisted language learning (CALL). CALL involves using computers to improve language learning and can encompass materials design, technologies, pedagogical theories, and modes of instruction. There are two types of CALL applications: generic software like word processors that are adapted for language learning, and CALL software specifically designed for language learning objectives. The history of CALL is also summarized, from its beginnings in universities in the 1960s-70s to its expansion alongside developments in computer technology and the rise of the internet in the 1990s-2000s.
Top Automation Programming Languages of 2023.pdfpCloudy
In today’s highly competitive world, software development and automation play a significant role in creating robust software applications for businesses.
The document summarizes the process of creating a double page spread for a magazine article. It describes choosing a close-up photo for the spread because it fits with the Q&A format. It then discusses editing the photo by increasing exposure and reducing noise. While not sticking strictly to the magazine's color theme, a black and gray scheme was used for a darker, more personal feel. Font choices were made to mimic professional magazines and emphasize the "Q&A" title. Research on other magazine spreads informed decisions like adding larger quote text to fill space.
El documento describe las partes principales del hardware de un ordenador, incluyendo el monitor, teclado, ratón, torre, placa base, microprocesador, memoria RAM, disco duro, tarjetas de audio y video, puertos como USB, y periféricos como impresoras, cámaras y pendrives. Explica que el hardware se refiere a la parte física del ordenador y cómo sus componentes se conectan mediante cables para permitir que funcione.
Letter of Recommendation (Prof. Sullivan)Max Eicher
This letter of recommendation from Mark Sullivan strongly recommends Max Eicher for consideration. Sullivan has known Eicher as his professor and seen his distinguished work. Eicher brings high standards and a results orientation as a highly participative, practical, and curious student who asks thoughtful questions. Eicher's internships and entrepreneurial efforts also demonstrate leadership, client service, and creating value. Sullivan believes Eicher has the aptitude to grow into a real business leader, and that investing in him would be rewarded over time.
Corruption in Azerbaijan Army (in Safar Abiyev period)Jasur Sumerinli
This is letter of former major Renat Yusufov to president, who was a finance officer in the Azerbaijan Armed Forces, now resides in jail number 2 in Baku. He now charges that he saw many illegal activities in the Ministry of Defense.
Dokumen ini memberikan panduan cara merawat berbagai komponen utama pada komputer personal seperti motherboard, processor, power supply, RAM, dan monitor. Beberapa tips yang diberikan antara lain menggunakan UPS dan stabilizer, menjaga ventilasi dan menghindari debu, serta membersihkan slot dan konektor secara berkala.
Este documento presenta un informe de un trabajo práctico sobre una página web realizado por Guillermo Arrieta para la materia Informática. El informe identifica varios errores y problemas técnicos encontrados en la página web como letras faltantes o borrosas, falta de puntos finales, cambios en el formato y color de fuente que no mantienen una apariencia consistente.
"Presentation of Beni CMS as a Content Management System born out of the neccesities of the local Albanian market.
- Overview of the system
- The philosophy behind Beni
- Building Blocks (Resources, Contents, Components, Pages)
- Announcement of Open Source status
- How you can contribute"
This document provides an introduction and definition of computer-assisted language learning (CALL). CALL involves using computers to improve language learning and can encompass materials design, technologies, pedagogical theories, and modes of instruction. There are two types of CALL applications: generic software like word processors that are adapted for language learning, and CALL software specifically designed for language learning objectives. The history of CALL is also summarized, from its beginnings in universities in the 1960s-70s to its expansion alongside developments in computer technology and the rise of the internet in the 1990s-2000s.
Top Automation Programming Languages of 2023.pdfpCloudy
In today’s highly competitive world, software development and automation play a significant role in creating robust software applications for businesses.
This document summarizes emerging technologies for creating dynamic web pages, including plugins, applets, JavaScript, and dynamic HTML. Plug-ins allow traditionally authored multimedia applications to be integrated into web pages. Java applets enable small interactive applications to be downloaded and run within web browsers. JavaScript provides an easier scripting language than Java for adding interactivity directly within web pages without downloading additional files. Dynamic HTML uses JavaScript to allow changing elements of web pages after they have loaded. These technologies are making the web more interactive and capable of supporting online learning environments.
This document discusses emerging technologies for creating dynamic web pages, including plug-ins, applets, JavaScript, dynamic HTML, and style sheets. It describes how these technologies allow web pages to behave more like interactive applications. JavaScript in particular allows for client-side interactivity without communicating with the web server. The document provides examples of using these technologies for language learning and lists resources for learning more.
This document contains the resume of Rohit Raikwar who is seeking a position as a Software Testing Professional. He has over 4 years of experience as a Software Test Engineer working on projects involving mobile app testing for Android and iOS platforms. His skills include test case development, functional and regression testing, defect tracking, and cross browser/device compatibility testing. He is proficient with testing tools like HP Quality Center and has experience testing .NET and web-based applications.
Go was created at Google in 2007 to address frustrations with existing languages for systems programming. It aims to combine the ease of dynamically typed languages with the efficiency and safety of compiled statically typed languages. The goals of Go were to have efficient compilation and execution as well as ease of programming, while supporting modern computing like networks and multicore. A new language was needed to meet these goals through features like an expressive but lightweight type system, built-in concurrency and garbage collection.
Comparative Analysis of Visual Basic VS Java programming language.docxRichwellIanAfrica
This document compares the programming languages Visual Basic and Java. It discusses several criteria for comparing programming languages, including learnability, accessibility, and maintainability. Learnability refers to how easily a language can be learned by programmers. Accessibility considers how usable a language is for programmers with a variety of abilities. Maintainability relates to how easily programs can be maintained, defects corrected, and updates implemented. The document indicates that Java has broader adoption than Visual Basic based on data from software developers and companies.
Most of the developers use the cross-platform mobile development solutions to develop the mobile
application once and run it on many platforms. Many of these cross-platform solutions are still under
research and development. Also, these solutions are based on different approaches such as Cross-
Compilation approach, Virtual Machine approach, and Web-Based approach. There are many survey
papers about the cross-platform mobile development solutions but they do not include the most recent
tools, including Component-Based approach, Cloud-Based approach, and Merged approach. The main aim
of this paper is helping the researchers to know the most recent approaches and the open research issues.
This paper surveys the existing cross platform mobile development tools, introduces a comprehensive
categorization to the cross-platform tools, defines the pros and cons of each approach and compares the
cross-platform mobile development solutions.
The film Cold Mountain follows the journey of Inman as he tries to return home to Ada after being separated by the Civil War. The movie shows flashbacks of Inman and Ada's relationship before the war. It also shows Ada struggling to survive on her own after being left alone. The film focuses on Inman's dangerous journey back to Cold Mountain and Ada learning to take care of herself in his absence.
The interest of coding aptitudes is soaring and not just only for designers, writing computer programs is assuming a greater job in each profession way. The main importance of 'Code Up' is to learn to code interactively. In this project we are providing interface with different levels of question to enhance their programming skills based on the level of the questions solved. We are using Servlet, JSP and oracle database with Model 2 architecture so that request and response can be handled easily. We are using reflection Application Program interface API and runtime API for the execution and compilation of the code at runtime. An online based program compiler to enhance platform independent services for multiple languages support. Regardless of dynamic working nature of compiling the program, it is also capable of handling multiple request of code execution. Even though it is specially designed for student programmers who want to learn and improve their knowledge about the multiple languages and understand the various complexities of code to be improved before implementing it into real world software as a part or a component. This platform provides a web portal where one makes their account for daily improvement as well as to gather information about their coding knowledge growth and other important guide. It will help indivisible, mainly student to increase their knowledge in the field of coding .The present working code compiler is available but it has a slate limitation it won't execute all the programming languages. Moreover it might sometime throw an error. Some of the language like java IDE Integrated Development Environment Eclipse, Net Beans takes up a lot of space in the personal computer but the portable code compiler is completely mobile and can be accessed from anywhere in the world. Rimmy Kumari | Ganeshan M "Portable Code Compiler" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30911.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/programming-language/30911/portable-code-compiler/rimmy-kumari
Lloyd McAllen is a senior software developer with over 15 years of experience developing applications in C#, C++, ASP.NET, and other technologies. He has expertise in full-stack development including user interfaces, networking, business logic, and databases. He is self-motivated and experienced leading development teams. He is currently seeking contract work involving technologies like C#, ASP.NET MVC, JavaScript, and SQL.
The document provides an overview of the author's experience and skills in .NET C# programming, including Windows Forms, ADO.NET, ASP.NET, distributed applications, object-oriented programming concepts in C#, the .NET framework, Microsoft SQL Server, and a four-phase library project completed as part of a C# masters program. Screenshots are included showing a windows form for checking books in and out of a library database.
This text is about JavaScript, i am sure that will be not a perfect letters, but i will be really helped if all of you want to share some correction for the next improvement.
Thank you.
An amazing E-Degree that will help you to learn Fullstack web development irrespective of any discipline to make their career in the Web Development world! If you are just starting in web development or even have a few years of experience under your belt this unique E-Degree program will be perfect for you to master the entire JavaScript ecosystem.
So, why are you waiting for?? Enroll now and get started!
A Web Services Based Framework For Uniform Integration Of Command-Line Bioinf...Kim Daniels
This document discusses a proposed web services framework for integrating bioinformatics software tools. It begins with an introduction describing the challenges of integrating heterogeneous bioinformatics tools and data. It then reviews related work on other frameworks using web and grid services technologies for integration. The proposed framework uses web services to wrap bioinformatics tools, allowing them to be accessed programmatically or through a web portal. This addresses limitations of other approaches by standardizing description of tool inputs/outputs in XML.
Anjali is seeking a challenging position utilizing her 2.5 years of experience as a QA Analyst and 6 months as a Software Test Engineer. She has skills in Windows, Java, Selenium, Webdriver and has experience testing websites, software, Blu-ray/DVDs. Anjali aims to quickly learn new technologies and improve processes through quality control, test planning, and report preparation. She is proficient in functional, regression, and mobile testing using frameworks like Selenium and has expertise in SQL, ASP.NET, and HTML.
Jeffrey Olson has 12 years of experience designing and developing enterprise software. He has expertise in Java, Groovy, Perl, JavaScript, C#, J2EE, Spring, Hibernate, Grails, and other frameworks and tools. At his current role, he leads a team developing a tax research application and has introduced practices like unit testing, continuous integration, and agile methodologies. He aims to use his strong technical and leadership skills to contribute to the success of an organization.
The document discusses Eclipse, an integrated development environment used for developing applications. It begins with a history of Eclipse, noting it originated from IBM Canada as a replacement for Smalltalk-based IDEs. It has an extensible plug-in system and is written mostly in Java. The architecture uses plug-ins to provide all functionality on top of the OSGi-based runtime system. Key features include supporting multiple programming languages via plug-ins and allowing for any desired extension through the plug-in framework.
Jerry Vigil is an application and services engineer based in Austin, TX seeking a full-time role where he can apply his knowledge and experience. He has worked as a software engineer since 2007 at both small and large companies. His education includes a Bachelor's in Physics from Cornell University and a Master's in Physics from UC Davis. He began coding in middle/high school and has experience in languages such as C++, C, Python, JavaScript, PHP, Java.
Java-centered Translator-based Multi-paradigm Software Development EnvironmentWaqas Tariq
This research explores the use of a translator-based multi-paradigm programming method to develop high quality software. With Java as the target language, an integrated software development environment is built to allow different parts of software implemented in Lisp, Prolog, and Java respectively. Two open source translators named PrologCafe and Linj are used to translate Prolog and Lisp program into Java classes. In the end, the generated Java classes are compiled and linked into one executable program. To demonstrate the functionalities of this integrated multi-paradigm environment, a calculator application is developed. Our study has demonstrated that a centralized translator-based multi-paradigm software development environment has great potential for improving software quality and the productivity of software developers. The key to the successful adoption of this approach in large software development depends on the compatibility among the translators and seamless integration of generated codes.
EASY TUTORIAL OF HOW TO USE CAPCUT BY: FEBLESS HERNANEFebless Hernane
CapCut is an easy-to-use video editing app perfect for beginners. To start, download and open CapCut on your phone. Tap "New Project" and select the videos or photos you want to edit. You can trim clips by dragging the edges, add text by tapping "Text," and include music by selecting "Audio." Enhance your video with filters and effects from the "Effects" menu. When you're happy with your video, tap the export button to save and share it. CapCut makes video editing simple and fun for everyone!
Maximize Your Content with Beautiful Assets : Content & Asset for Landing Page pmgdscunsri
Figma is a cloud-based design tool widely used by designers for prototyping, UI/UX design, and real-time collaboration. With features such as precision pen tools, grid system, and reusable components, Figma makes it easy for teams to work together on design projects. Its flexibility and accessibility make Figma a top choice in the digital age.
Connect Conference 2022: Passive House - Economic and Environmental Solution...TE Studio
Passive House: The Economic and Environmental Solution for Sustainable Real Estate. Lecture by Tim Eian of TE Studio Passive House Design in November 2022 in Minneapolis.
- The Built Environment
- Let's imagine the perfect building
- The Passive House standard
- Why Passive House targets
- Clean Energy Plans?!
- How does Passive House compare and fit in?
- The business case for Passive House real estate
- Tools to quantify the value of Passive House
- What can I do?
- Resources
Visual Style and Aesthetics: Basics of Visual Design
Visual Design for Enterprise Applications
Range of Visual Styles.
Mobile Interfaces:
Challenges and Opportunities of Mobile Design
Approach to Mobile Design
Patterns
Decormart Studio is widely recognized as one of the best interior designers in Bangalore, known for their exceptional design expertise and ability to create stunning, functional spaces. With a strong focus on client preferences and timely project delivery, Decormart Studio has built a solid reputation for their innovative and personalized approach to interior design.
International Upcycling Research Network advisory board meeting 4Kyungeun Sung
Slides used for the International Upcycling Research Network advisory board 4 (last one). The project is based at De Montfort University in Leicester, UK, and funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council.
Architectural and constructions management experience since 2003 including 18 years located in UAE.
Coordinate and oversee all technical activities relating to architectural and construction projects,
including directing the design team, reviewing drafts and computer models, and approving design
changes.
Organize and typically develop, and review building plans, ensuring that a project meets all safety and
environmental standards.
Prepare feasibility studies, construction contracts, and tender documents with specifications and
tender analyses.
Consulting with clients, work on formulating equipment and labor cost estimates, ensuring a project
meets environmental, safety, structural, zoning, and aesthetic standards.
Monitoring the progress of a project to assess whether or not it is in compliance with building plans
and project deadlines.
Attention to detail, exceptional time management, and strong problem-solving and communication
skills are required for this role.
PDF SubmissionDigital Marketing Institute in NoidaPoojaSaini954651
https://www.safalta.com/online-digital-marketing/advance-digital-marketing-training-in-noidaTop Digital Marketing Institute in Noida: Boost Your Career Fast
[3:29 am, 30/05/2024] +91 83818 43552: Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida also provides advanced classes for individuals seeking to develop their expertise and skills in this field. These classes, led by industry experts with vast experience, focus on specific aspects of digital marketing such as advanced SEO strategies, sophisticated content creation techniques, and data-driven analytics.
Technoblade The Legacy of a Minecraft Legend.Techno Merch
Technoblade, born Alex on June 1, 1999, was a legendary Minecraft YouTuber known for his sharp wit and exceptional PvP skills. Starting his channel in 2013, he gained nearly 11 million subscribers. His private battle with metastatic sarcoma ended in June 2022, but his enduring legacy continues to inspire millions.
2. Robert Godwin-Jones Emerging Technologies
Language Learning & Technology 9
Internet Applications
Although some testing applications have taken advantage of the availability of local area networks
(particularly for storing scores centrally), the arrival of the World Wide Web in 1993 with its rich and
powerful network environment provided a more attractive -- and ever more pervasive -- networking
option. The Web offers the advantages of centralized delivery (and authentication) as well as server-based
score storage and retrieval. Initially, the user experience with Web-based tests was not much different
from pen and paper versions, with relatively little interactivity or user feedback. Some Web tests continue
to use similar approaches with test scoring provided by e-mail or separate Web pages showing the
answers (for the test taker to compare with his/her answers). The advantage of using the Web, however, is
in the interactivity it enables. This is generally done through the use of Web form pages which are
processed by CGI ("Common Gateway Interface") scripts, usually written in Perl. Tests delivered through
CGI typically are in machine-correctable formats such as multiple choice or true-false, using checkboxes,
radio buttons, or pull-down menus. Usually users must complete the entire test before submitting it and
receiving feedback. In CGI-based formats, feedback options are limited and there is rarely recognition of
partially correct answers.
In 1995, Netscape introduced JavaScript as an interpreted scripting language built into its browser, using
object-oriented syntax borrowed from Java. Subsequently, Microsoft delivered a JavaScript compatible
language with its browser ("JScript"), and two years ago ECMAScript, based on JavaScript and JScript,
was adopted as an Internet standard. JavaScript adds considerably more flexibility to the processing of
Web forms, allowing, for example, for question by question feedback to questions. With the arrival of
JavaScript, language tests have begun to expand format options, adding short answer, matching, or
sentence ordering, for example. JavaScript is not as well suited as CGI for secure testing since the source
code is accessible to users. It is possible to provide some security through the use of temporary "cookies"
(to hold answers), encrypted answer strings, or external scripts which dynamically write the Web pages,
but these are not as secure as server-based CGI solutions. There has been an explosion of interest in
recent years in using JavaScript in language testing (see resource list).
A more secure option than JavaScript is Java. Like JavaScript tests, Java applets can easily be distributed
over the Internet, but since they are compiled, the source code is not viewable. Java has been used in
language testing but mostly on an experimental basis. Java has suffered from slow performance,
compatibility problems, and mediocre multimedia support. Some use is being made also of programs with
Web browser plug-ins such as Director (see example) and Flash (see example), as well as multimedia
players combined with quizzes, such as Quicktime VR (see example) or RealPlayer (see example). These
can provide attractive interfaces and good multimedia support, but require users to have the necessary
version of the plug-in installed. For both Java and multimedia authoring programs such as Director or
Authorware, there is a steeper learning curve than is the case with basic Web authoring using HTML and
JavaScript.
One area in which there has recently been considerable activity is the development of Web-based
language placement exams. Among them are those from Macalaster, BYU, and Northwestern. All use a
server-based CGI delivery for security reasons. Of interest is the use of a computer adaptive testing
approach in some on-line placement exams, such as the WebCAPE Tests from BYU. The placement
exams under development at Ohio State University use an adaptive testing mechanism combined with
authentic language materials shown in their original context.
Authoring Tools
There has been a great deal of interest in recent years in the creation of Web-based tests and exercises
through easy-to-use authoring tools. A number of such tools have been created specifically for language
learning. WebPractest from Gary Smith, for example, allows creation of JavaScript-based interactive
3. Robert Godwin-Jones Emerging Technologies
Language Learning & Technology 10
exercises. One of the advantages of WebPractest is the ability to choose question-by-question or summary
feedback. Tests are created in WebPractest through the use of a text editor. Hot Potatoes, out of the
University of Victoria, is another tool developed for creating language tests. It is being widely used for a
variety of languages. Its formats include multiple-choice, fill-in-the-gap, short-answer, jumbled-sentence,
and crossword-type quizzes. Hot potatoes involves use of the Windows or MacOS version of its stand-
alone authoring tool. No knowledge of HTML or JavaScript is required (although users with that
knowledge can edit source files as desired). In addition to instant feedback, the program can also provide
hints and clues.
A wide variety of test and quiz formats is available through the "Interactive Quiz Makers" from Dan
Beeby (cloze, matching, multiple choice, memory). This tool uses a combination of CGI and JavaScript to
deliver the quizzes. Several of the formats feature the use of DHTML ("dynamic HTML") to enable drag
and drop functionality. This allows for considerably more interactivity. In the "Matchmaker2" format, for
example, students drag and drop images to match a text cue; in "PlaceMaker3," students are given
vocabulary words that fit into a specific location in an image and must use drag and drop to match.
In addition to these authoring tools, quiz/exercise templates are also available for language teachers, such
as those from Marmo Soemarmo. His site provides examples of exercises in a great variety of formats:
true-false, multiple choice, matching, feature or category identification, short answer, cloze, sentence
generation, hypertext, memory, spelling. By downloading the source code for the examples provided, new
content can be added by following the comments included in the code. Test and exercise templates for
language learning are also available from Douglas Mills and George Mitrevski.
Many instructors in higher education today are using the testing mechanisms built into Web course
management systems such as WebCT or Blackboard. These tools offer instructors an extensive set of
features to include in Web-based course materials. The test formats vary, but at a minimum include short
answer, multiple choice, true-false, and essay. The delivery is CGI-based. An exception are the quizzes in
Web Course in a Box, which provide the option of more flexible feedback through JavaScript and also
include built-in standard feedback in multiple languages.
Outlook
Computerized testing will inevitably increase in volume and scope. This is happening in all areas,
including in major national and international standardized tests. This growth is not without controversy,
as evinced in the reaction to the ETS announcement of the use of computerized testing in Africa. As
schools demand more frequent standardized testing of students, more of that testing will migrate to
computer formats. Many states provide practice tests for students on the Web, such as those from Edutest
for the Virginia "Standards of Learning" exams.
In language testing, accelerating development of speech recognition technologies promises to provide
new options in computerized testing which may involve both listening and speaking. It is likely as well
that testing will become more customizable, with options for tailoring tests to individual students and
their specific needs and backgrounds. XML ("extensible markup language") through its interactive
"Document Object Model" (DOM) is likely to replace both HTML and JavaScript as the standard for
creating interactive Web pages for language testing and practice. The IMS Project ("Instructional
Management System") uses XML as a standard for describing questions and tests. The idea is to enable
and encourage the interoperability of content within assessment systems, a very useful development for
individual instructors, as well as for publishers, certification agencies, and software vendors. Several
software companies, such as Blackboard and WebCT, are already using the IMS specifications and XML
to enable import/export functionality. The University of Baltimore recently took advantage of this feature
to move courses from one course management system to another.
4. Robert Godwin-Jones Emerging Technologies
Language Learning & Technology 11
On the server end, JSP ("Java Server Pages") is becoming an attractive alternative to CGI. JavaServer
Pages technology uses XML-like tags and scriptlets written in the Java programming language, but
incorporated into the HTML code, to provide an equivalent to CGI. Java "servlets" residing on the Web
server are able to interpret this code and execute the processing of the Web forms. The idea is to separate
the page display and formatting from the programming logic, so that interactive pages can be created and
maintained by conventional HTML/XML tools. While the approach is similar to that used by Microsoft's
ASP ("Active Server Pages"), the JSP approach provides more programming and scripting flexibility as
well as multi-platform support. In any case, there is likely to be a database back-end that keeps test
information, including questions and answers, as well as scores. There are well-established methods for
connecting databases with Web servers, such as ODBC ("Open Database Connectivity"). A popular
method to interact with databases is the use of middleware or application development software such as
ColdFusion (from Allaire, recently merged with Macromedia), Tango, or Lasso.
Resource List
Web-Based Testing Resources
• The Language Tester's Guide to Cyberspace excellent guide from Glenn Fulcher
• Resources in Language Testing Page by Glenn Fulcher
• "Language Testing" on WWW from Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan (K. and S. Kitao)
• Language Testing Resources from the Center for the Advancement of Language Learning
• Foreign Language Test Database from CALL, listing 140 tests in 63 languages
• Assessment & Evaluation on the Internet links to web pages of organizations, etc., with
annotations
• Ericae.net resource collection on assessment and evaluation
• Education Standards and Testing links to web sites related to testing
Organizations and Institutions
• International Language Testing Association
• ALTE The Association of Language Testers in Europe
• Cambridge EFL Examinations
• English Language Institute (ELI) Testing-Certification from the University of Michigan
• ETS Educational Testing Service, its tests, and links to other test-related resources
• ILTA International Language Testing Association includes links to LTRC Program Booklets
• Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES) from the University of Cambridge
Language Tests
• Oral Proficiency Testing ACTFL
• IELTS - English language test from the British Council
• TOEFL practice questions for the widely used TOEFL exam
• Basic English Skills Test (BEST) from the Center for Applied Linguistics
• Examination for the Certificate of Proficiency in English (ECPE) from the University of
Michigan
• The Michigan English Language Assessment Battery (MELAB) University of Miichigan
• Examination for the Certificate of Competency in English (ECCE)
• The STEP test (in Japanese)
5. Robert Godwin-Jones Emerging Technologies
Language Learning & Technology 12
• Advanced Placement Program from the College Board
Sample On-line Practice Tests
• Language Tests for English Language Learners from Ohio University
• ESL Quiz Center links to quizzes, from Dave Sperling
• TransWord Foreign Language Tests / Exercises
• V-LASSO Vocational Language Assessment On-line
• Self-Study Quizzes for ESL Students from The Internet TESL Journal's Activities for ESL
Students
• Cutting Edge CALL Demos from Jim Duber
• Spanish Language Exercises from Juan Roman de Arana
• French Grammar Exercises from the University of Texas
Language Placement Tests On-line
• WebCAPE Language Placement Tests from the Humanities Research Center, Brigham Young
University
• Foreign Language Placement Tests from the Multimedia Learning Center, Northwestern
University
• Placement test (German) from Macalester College
Test Makers, Tools, and Templates
• Dasher
• WinCalis from Duke University
• MaxAuthor from the University of Arizona
• WebPractest by Gary Smith (William and Mary)
• Hot Potatoes from the University of Victoria Humanities Computing and Media Centre
• Review of Hot Potatoes
• Sites using Hot Potatoes
• Web Author from the Language Resource and Research Center at the University of Pennsylvania
• Interactive Language Makers from Dan Beeby
• Webgen 2000 (Java-based) from the University of Lethbridge
• Marmo's JavaScript Templates by Marmo Soemarmo
• JavaScript for Language Learning from the LinguaCenter, University of Illinois
• Knowledge Design from George Mitrevski (Auburn)