Can we build structures and devices atom-by-atom? Researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory are using electron beams to manipulate materials at the atomic scale. In this presentation they make the case that the future of atomic fabrication with electron beams will combine materials synthesis in the scanning transmission electron microscope
Overview of unique capabilities of the ADF modeling suite to model properties of organic electronics (charge transport, phosphorescence, light absorbance). Highlighted with examples from the recent literature.
Overview of unique capabilities of the ADF modeling suite to model properties of organic electronics (charge transport, phosphorescence, light absorbance). Highlighted with examples from the recent literature.
Part 2 of 2 of lecture series introducing undergraduate neuroscience students to the core electrophysiological and imaging techniques used to study neuronal activity.
Pptx of slides for jones ray effect finalpatrons99
Towards a New Unified Theory of Disease – the clinical significance of the Jones-Ray Effect, Abstract and Oral presentation to American Chemical Society June 10-13, 2012, 86th Colloid & Surface Science Symposium, Johns-Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md, USA
Bio-Molecular Engineering is the Future of Molecular BiologyBob Eisenberg
Bio-Molecular Engineering is the Future of Molecular Biology: Now that we have large numbers of excellent structures, we molecular biologists must turn to studying how they work. That is the task of BioMolecular Engineering that uses almost the same tools as classical membrane biophysics. Both treat systems as devices, with inputs, outputs and power supplies, that ONLY function with flow, away from equilibrium.
The public trial lecture presented by Mohammadreza Nematollahi on 8th of October 2014 at Norwegian University of Science and Technology. The theoretical models and the experimental progress of highly mismatched alloys, as well as their optoelectronic applications are covered.
Lattice Energy LLC-Are LENRs Occurring in Compact Fluorescent Lights-March 7 ...Lewis Larsen
Peer-reviewed paper by Mead et al. just published in February (Environmental Science & Technology) contains amazing new experimental data on anomalous shifts in abundances of Mercury isotopes found in compact fluorescent lights (CFL) used in homes and businesses. When viewed through the conceptual lens of the Widom-Larsen theory, their carefully collected Hg isotope data suggests that low energy nuclear reaction (LENR) transmutations may actually be occurring at extremely low rates in CFLs during normal operation. We discuss their paper and its implications in a new 102-slide Lattice PowerPoint presentation dated March 7, 2013. Therein, we conclude that if the intriguing possibility about LENRs in CFLs unveiled in this data is substantiated by further experimentation, it provides yet more proof that LENRs are likely to be a truly ‘green’ nuclear technology that has great promise for use in CO2-free power generation, providing LENR device heat outputs and operational longevity can be scaled dramatically upwards by applying and adapting recently acquired technical knowledge found in nanotech, plasmonics, and advanced materials science.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
More Related Content
Similar to Arranging atoms one by one the way we want them
Part 2 of 2 of lecture series introducing undergraduate neuroscience students to the core electrophysiological and imaging techniques used to study neuronal activity.
Pptx of slides for jones ray effect finalpatrons99
Towards a New Unified Theory of Disease – the clinical significance of the Jones-Ray Effect, Abstract and Oral presentation to American Chemical Society June 10-13, 2012, 86th Colloid & Surface Science Symposium, Johns-Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md, USA
Bio-Molecular Engineering is the Future of Molecular BiologyBob Eisenberg
Bio-Molecular Engineering is the Future of Molecular Biology: Now that we have large numbers of excellent structures, we molecular biologists must turn to studying how they work. That is the task of BioMolecular Engineering that uses almost the same tools as classical membrane biophysics. Both treat systems as devices, with inputs, outputs and power supplies, that ONLY function with flow, away from equilibrium.
The public trial lecture presented by Mohammadreza Nematollahi on 8th of October 2014 at Norwegian University of Science and Technology. The theoretical models and the experimental progress of highly mismatched alloys, as well as their optoelectronic applications are covered.
Lattice Energy LLC-Are LENRs Occurring in Compact Fluorescent Lights-March 7 ...Lewis Larsen
Peer-reviewed paper by Mead et al. just published in February (Environmental Science & Technology) contains amazing new experimental data on anomalous shifts in abundances of Mercury isotopes found in compact fluorescent lights (CFL) used in homes and businesses. When viewed through the conceptual lens of the Widom-Larsen theory, their carefully collected Hg isotope data suggests that low energy nuclear reaction (LENR) transmutations may actually be occurring at extremely low rates in CFLs during normal operation. We discuss their paper and its implications in a new 102-slide Lattice PowerPoint presentation dated March 7, 2013. Therein, we conclude that if the intriguing possibility about LENRs in CFLs unveiled in this data is substantiated by further experimentation, it provides yet more proof that LENRs are likely to be a truly ‘green’ nuclear technology that has great promise for use in CO2-free power generation, providing LENR device heat outputs and operational longevity can be scaled dramatically upwards by applying and adapting recently acquired technical knowledge found in nanotech, plasmonics, and advanced materials science.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
2. ORNL is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC for the US Department of Energy
ARRANGING ATOMS
ONE-BY-ONE
THE WAY WE WANT THEM
Ondrej Dyck
Jacob Swett
Mina Yoon
Andrew R. Lupini
Stephen Jesse
Maxim Ziatdinov
David Lingerfelt
Ray Unocic
Beth Hudak
Sergei Kalinin
Albina Borisevich
Songkil Kim
Cheng Zhang
Philip Rack
Jason Fowlkes
Bobby Sumpter
Elisa Jimenez-Izal
Anastasia Alexandrova
Lizhi Zhang
Sinchul Yeom
Sarah Dillender
Dale Hensley
Jan Mol
Ivan Kravchenko
Leslie Wilson
Ivan Vlassiouk
4. 4
Overarching Vision
• Moore’s law = smaller devices
• No intrinsic operational difference in smaller devices
• Devices based on single atoms are fundamentally different
• How does one actually do it?
Electron Spin Qubit Piano
Patrik Recher and Bj¨orn Trauzettel
DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/21/30/302001
arXiv:1004.2136
Spin-up and spin-down
local density of states
Charge and Spin Rectifier
Yao-Jun Dong, Xue-Feng Wang, Shuo-
Wang Yang & Xue-Mei Wu
Scientific Reports volume 4, Article number:
6157 (2014)
Graphene Quantum Dot
Quantum Phase Engineering of Two-Dimensional Post-Transition Metals by
Substrates: Toward a High-Temperature Quantum Anomalous Hall Insulator,
L. Zhang, C. Park, and M. Yoon, Nano Lett. 20 (10), 7186–7192 (2020)
Magnetic ordering and topological
edge states controlled by strain
5. 5
Kalinin, Borisevich, Jesse, Nature 539, 485–487 (24
November 2016) doi:10.1038/539485a
Dyck, O., Ziatdinov, M.,
Lingerfelt, D.B. et al. Atom-
by-atom fabrication with
electron beams. Nat Rev
Mater 4, 497–507 (2019).
https://doi.org/10.1038/s415
78-019-0118-z
STEM Platform
• High-precision beam
(~1 Å)
• Large energy (30-300
kV)
• Can access material
interior
7. 7
(1) van Dorp, W. F.; van Someren, B.; Hagen, C. W.; Kruit, P.; Crozier, P. A. Approaching the Resolution
Limit of Nanometer-Scale Electron Beam-Induced Deposition. Nano Lett. 2005, 5 (7), 1303–1307.
https://doi.org/10.1021/nl050522i.
(2) van Dorp, W. F.; Beyer, A.; Mainka, M.; Gölzhäuser, A.; Hansen, T. W.; Wagner, J. B.; Hagen, C. W.;
De Hosson, J. T. M. Focused Electron Beam Induced Processing and the Effect of Substrate Thickness
Revisited. Nanotechnology 2013, 24 (34), 345301. https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/24/34/345301.
(3) van Dorp, W. F.; Zhang, X.; Feringa, B. L.; Hansen, T. W.; Wagner, J. B.; De Hosson, J. T. M.
Molecule-by-Molecule Writing Using a Focused Electron Beam. ACS Nano 2012, 6 (11), 10076–10081.
https://doi.org/10.1021/nn303793w.
(4) W. F. van Dorp; X. Zhang; B. L. Feringa; J. B. Wagner; T. W. Hansen; J. Th M De Hosson.
Nanometer-Scale Lithography on Microscopically Clean Graphene. Nanotechnology 2011, 22 (50),
505303.
(5) van Dorp, W. F.; Lazić, I.; Beyer, A.; Gölzhäuser, A.; Wagner, J. B.; Hansen, T. W.; Hagen, C. W.
Ultrahigh Resolution Focused Electron Beam Induced Processing: The Effect of Substrate Thickness.
Nanotechnology 2011, 22 (11), 115303. https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/22/11/115303.
2005-2013
Van Dorp
Cretu, O.; Rodríguez-Manzo, J. A.; Demortière, A.; Banhart, F. Electron Beam-Induced
Formation and Displacement of Metal Clusters on Graphene, Carbon Nanotubes and
Amorphous Carbon. Carbon 2012, 50 (1), 259–264.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2011.08.043.
Jesse, S.; He, Q.; Lupini, A. R.; Leonard, D. N.; Oxley, M. P.; Ovchinnikov, O.;
Unocic, R. R.; Tselev, A.; Fuentes-Cabrera, M.; Sumpter, B. G.; Pennycook, S. J.;
Kalinin, S. V.; Borisevich, A. Y. Atomic-Level Sculpting of Crystalline Oxides: Toward
Bulk Nanofabrication with Single Atomic Plane Precision. Small 2015, 11 (44), 5895–
5900. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201502048.
Unocic, R. R.; Lupini, A. R.; Borisevich, A. Y.; Cullen, D. A.; Kalinin, S. V.; Jesse, S.
Direct-Write Liquid Phase Transformations with a Scanning Transmission Electron
Microscope. Nanoscale 2016, 8 (34), 15581–15588.
https://doi.org/10.1039/C6NR04994J.
Beam Dragging
Deposition
Automated Material Transformations
Cretu 2012
Jesse
2015-2016
9. 9
• E-beam Induced Deposition
• How to deposit a single atom
• Can we “deposit” any type of atom?
• Atomic precision requires atomic cleanliness
• The role of temperature on vacancy diffusion
• Evaporation for long range delivery of atoms
• The Synthescope—a new perspective on in situ microscopy; synthesis in a STEM
• An evaporation platform for in situ synthesis
From THE ATOM FORGE To THE SYNTHESCOPE
10. 10
• E-beam Induced Deposition
• How to deposit a single atom
• Can we “deposit” any type of atom?
• Atomic precision requires atomic cleanliness
• The role of temperature on vacancy diffusion
• Evaporation for long range delivery of atoms
• The Synthescope—a new perspective on in situ microscopy; synthesis in a STEM
• An evaporation platform for in situ synthesis
From THE ATOM FORGE To THE SYNTHESCOPE
18. 18
Gas injection system
E-beam Induced Deposition (EBID)
Fowlkes, J. D.; Winkler, R.; Lewis, B. B.; Stanford, M. G.; Plank, H.;
Rack, P. D. Simulation-Guided 3D Nanomanufacturing via Focused
Electron Beam Induced Deposition. ACS Nano 2016, 10 (6), 6163–
6172. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.6b02108.
19. 19
• E-beam Induced Deposition
• How to deposit a single atom
• Can we “deposit” any type of atom?
• Atomic precision requires atomic cleanliness
• The role of temperature on vacancy diffusion
• Evaporation for long range delivery of atoms
• The Synthescope—a new perspective on in situ microscopy; synthesis in a STEM
• An evaporation platform for in situ synthesis
From THE ATOM FORGE To THE SYNTHESCOPE
20. 20
Carden, W. G.; Lu, H.; Spencer, J. A.; Fairbrother, D. H.; McElwee-White, L. Mechanism-Based Design of Precursors for
Focused Electron Beam-Induced Deposition. MRS Communications 2018, 8 (2), 343–357. https://doi.org/10.1557/mrc.2018.77.
Chemical reactivity of molecular fragments are
critical for driving EBID deposition
Precursor
s
21. 21
Carden, W. G.; Lu, H.; Spencer, J. A.; Fairbrother, D. H.; McElwee-White, L. Mechanism-Based Design of Precursors for
Focused Electron Beam-Induced Deposition. MRS Communications 2018, 8 (2), 343–357. https://doi.org/10.1557/mrc.2018.77.
Chemical reactivity of molecular fragments are
critical for driving EBID deposition
Scaling to AN ATOM on an atomically pristine
substrate requires rethinking deposition
Precursor
s
22. 22
Carden, W. G.; Lu, H.; Spencer, J. A.; Fairbrother, D. H.; McElwee-White, L. Mechanism-Based Design of Precursors for
Focused Electron Beam-Induced Deposition. MRS Communications 2018, 8 (2), 343–357. https://doi.org/10.1557/mrc.2018.77.
Chemical reactivity of molecular fragments are
critical for driving EBID deposition
Scaling to AN ATOM on an atomically pristine
substrate requires rethinking deposition
An atom on an atomically pristine substrate is just an
adatom – not what one usually considers “deposition”
Precursor
s
23. 23
Carden, W. G.; Lu, H.; Spencer, J. A.; Fairbrother, D. H.; McElwee-White, L. Mechanism-Based Design of Precursors for
Focused Electron Beam-Induced Deposition. MRS Communications 2018, 8 (2), 343–357. https://doi.org/10.1557/mrc.2018.77.
Chemical reactivity of molecular fragments are
critical for driving EBID deposition
Scaling to AN ATOM on an atomically pristine
substrate requires rethinking deposition
An atom on an atomically pristine substrate is just an
adatom – not what one usually considers “deposition”
Delivering chemically pure precursor material (i.e.
single atoms) precludes dissociation
Precursor
s
24. 24
Carden, W. G.; Lu, H.; Spencer, J. A.; Fairbrother, D. H.; McElwee-White, L. Mechanism-Based Design of Precursors for
Focused Electron Beam-Induced Deposition. MRS Communications 2018, 8 (2), 343–357. https://doi.org/10.1557/mrc.2018.77.
Chemical reactivity of molecular fragments are
critical for driving EBID deposition
Scaling to AN ATOM on an atomically pristine
substrate requires rethinking deposition
An atom on an atomically pristine substrate is just an
adatom – not what one usually considers “deposition”
Delivering chemically pure precursor material (i.e.
single atoms) precludes dissociation
To achieve strong chemical bonding, the
SUBSTRATE must be modified
Precursor
s
29. 29
Dopant Insertion
Dyck, O.; Kim, S.; Kalinin, S. V.; Jesse, S. Placing Single Atoms in Graphene with a Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope.
Appl. Phys. Lett. 2017, 111 (11), 113104. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4998599.
https://youtu.be/Gg9BAkVBw6Q Paper summary on youtube!
30. 30
Dopant Insertion
Dyck, O.; Kim, S.; Kalinin, S. V.; Jesse, S. Placing Single Atoms in Graphene with a Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope.
Appl. Phys. Lett. 2017, 111 (11), 113104. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4998599.
https://youtu.be/Gg9BAkVBw6Q Paper summary on youtube!
31. 31
Dopant Insertion
Dyck, O.; Kim, S.; Kalinin, S. V.; Jesse, S. Placing Single Atoms in Graphene with a Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope.
Appl. Phys. Lett. 2017, 111 (11), 113104. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4998599.
https://youtu.be/Gg9BAkVBw6Q Paper summary on youtube!
32. 32
Dopant Insertion
Dyck, O.; Kim, S.; Kalinin, S. V.; Jesse, S. Placing Single Atoms in Graphene with a Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope.
Appl. Phys. Lett. 2017, 111 (11), 113104. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4998599.
https://youtu.be/Gg9BAkVBw6Q Paper summary on youtube!
33. 33
Dopant Insertion
Dyck, O.; Kim, S.; Kalinin, S. V.; Jesse, S. Placing Single Atoms in Graphene with a Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope.
Appl. Phys. Lett. 2017, 111 (11), 113104. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4998599.
https://youtu.be/Gg9BAkVBw6Q Paper summary on youtube!
34. 34
Dopant Insertion
Dyck, O.; Kim, S.; Kalinin, S. V.; Jesse, S. Placing Single Atoms in Graphene with a Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope.
Appl. Phys. Lett. 2017, 111 (11), 113104. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4998599.
https://youtu.be/Gg9BAkVBw6Q Paper summary on youtube!
35. 35
• E-beam Induced Deposition
• How to deposit a single atom
• Can we “deposit” any type of atom?
• Atomic precision requires atomic cleanliness
• The role of temperature on vacancy diffusion
• Evaporation for long range delivery of atoms
• The Synthescope—a new perspective on in situ microscopy; synthesis in a STEM
• An evaporation platform for in situ synthesis
From THE ATOM FORGE To THE SYNTHESCOPE
36. 36
Extending to other elements
O. Dyck, C. Zhang, P. D. Rack, J. D. Fowlkes, B. Sumpter, A. R. Lupini,
S. V. Kalinin, S. Jesse, Electron-beam introduction of heteroatomic Pt–Si
structures in graphene,Carbon, 161, 2020, Pages 750-757, ISSN 0008-
6223, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2020.01.042.
Pt Insertion
https://youtu.be/HUXRirt6yJg Paper summary on youtube!
37. 37
Extending to other elements
O. Dyck, C. Zhang, P. D. Rack, J. D. Fowlkes, B. Sumpter, A. R. Lupini,
S. V. Kalinin, S. Jesse, Electron-beam introduction of heteroatomic Pt–Si
structures in graphene,Carbon, 161, 2020, Pages 750-757, ISSN 0008-
6223, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2020.01.042.
Pt Insertion Cr Insertion
Ondrej Dyck, Mina Yoon, Lizhi Zhang, Andrew R.
Lupini, Jacob L. Swett, and Stephen Jesse ACS
Applied Nano Materials 2020 3 (11), 10855-10863 DOI:
10.1021/acsanm.0c02118
https://youtu.be/BZ0UKf286UE
38. 38
Extending to other elements
O. Dyck, C. Zhang, P. D. Rack, J. D. Fowlkes, B. Sumpter, A. R. Lupini,
S. V. Kalinin, S. Jesse, Electron-beam introduction of heteroatomic Pt–Si
structures in graphene,Carbon, 161, 2020, Pages 750-757, ISSN 0008-
6223, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2020.01.042.
Pt Insertion Cr Insertion
Ondrej Dyck, Mina Yoon, Lizhi Zhang, Andrew R.
Lupini, Jacob L. Swett, and Stephen Jesse ACS
Applied Nano Materials 2020 3 (11), 10855-10863 DOI:
10.1021/acsanm.0c02118
General Insertion
O. Dyck, L. Zhang, M. Yoon, J. L. Swett, D. Hensley, C. Zhang, P. D.
Rack, J. D. Fowlkes, A. R. Lupini, S. Jesse, Doping transition-metal
atoms in graphene for atomic-scale tailoring of electronic, magnetic,
and quantum topological properties, Carbon, 173, 2021, ISSN 0008-
6223, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2020.11.015.
Si
Ti
Cr
Fe
Co
Ni
Cu
Pd
Ag
Pt
39. 39
• E-beam Induced Deposition
• How to deposit a single atom
• Can we “deposit” any type of atom?
• Atomic precision requires atomic cleanliness
• The role of temperature on vacancy diffusion
• Evaporation for long range delivery of atoms
• The Synthescope—a new perspective on in situ microscopy; synthesis in a STEM
• An evaporation platform for in situ synthesis
From THE ATOM FORGE To THE SYNTHESCOPE
41. 41
Requires
source material reservoir
(somewhere else)
Dirty Graphene Clean Graphene
Requires reliable
cleaning step
in the microscope
Vacancy must be stable
until adatom attaches
It turns out, none of these steps are trivial when
we try to use larger areas.
One dopant is not
a pattern. We need to
automate.
42. 42
O. Dyck, C. Zhang, P. D. Rack, J. D. Fowlkes, B. Sumpter, A. R. Lupini,
S. V. Kalinin, S. Jesse, Electron-beam introduction of heteroatomic Pt–Si
structures in graphene,Carbon, 161, 2020, Pages 750-757, ISSN 0008-
6223, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2020.01.042.
Dyck, O., Ziatdinov, M., Lingerfelt, D.B. et
al. Atom-by-atom fabrication with electron
beams. Nat Rev Mater 4, 497–507 (2019).
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-019-0118-z
Manufacturing
Proof of principle
44. 44
Rapid Thermal Cleaning
Dyck, O.; Kim, S.; Kalinin, S. V.; Jesse, S. Mitigating E-Beam-Induced Hydrocarbon
Deposition on Graphene for Atomic-Scale Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy
Studies. Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology, B: Nanotechnology &
Microelectronics: Materials, Processing, Measurement, & Phenomena 2018, 36 (1),
011801. https://doi.org/10.1116/1.5003034.
https://youtu.be/3koezsd02bQ
45. 45
Understanding: Hydrocarbon diffusion
Dyck, O.; Lupini, A. R.; Rack, P. D.; Fowlkes, J.; Jesse, S. Controlling Hydrocarbon Transport and Electron Beam Induced Deposition on
Single Layer Graphene: Toward Atomic Scale Synthesis in the Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope. Nano Select 2022, 3 (3),
643–654. https://doi.org/10.1002/nano.202100188.
46. 46
Dyck, O.; Lupini, A. R.; Rack, P. D.; Fowlkes, J.; Jesse, S. Controlling Hydrocarbon Transport and Electron Beam Induced Deposition on
Single Layer Graphene: Toward Atomic Scale Synthesis in the Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope. Nano Select 2022, 3 (3),
643–654. https://doi.org/10.1002/nano.202100188.
47. 47
Dyck, O.; Lupini, A. R.; Rack, P. D.; Fowlkes, J.; Jesse, S. Controlling Hydrocarbon Transport and Electron Beam Induced Deposition on
Single Layer Graphene: Toward Atomic Scale Synthesis in the Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope. Nano Select 2022, 3 (3),
643–654. https://doi.org/10.1002/nano.202100188.
49. 49
• E-beam Induced Deposition
• How to deposit a single atom
• Can we “deposit” any type of atom?
• Atomic precision requires atomic cleanliness
• The role of temperature on vacancy diffusion
• Evaporation for long range delivery of atoms
• The Synthescope—a new perspective on in situ microscopy; synthesis in a STEM
• An evaporation platform for in situ synthesis
From THE ATOM FORGE To THE SYNTHESCOPE
50. 50
Vacancy must be stable
until adatom attaches
One dopant is not
a pattern. We need to
automate.
51. 51
Automation: Feedback Control
Dyck, O.; Yeom, S.; Dillender, S.; Lupini, A. R.; Yoon, M.; Jesse, S. The Role of Temperature on Defect Diffusion and Nanoscale
Patterning in Graphene. Carbon 2023, 201, 212–221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2022.09.006.
52. 52
Unexpected radiation resistance
Dyck, O.; Yeom, S.; Dillender, S.; Lupini, A. R.; Yoon, M.; Jesse, S. The Role of Temperature on Defect Diffusion and Nanoscale
Patterning in Graphene. Carbon 2023, 201, 212–221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2022.09.006.
53. 53
Vacancy diffusion
Dyck, O.; Yeom, S.; Dillender, S.; Lupini, A. R.; Yoon, M.; Jesse, S. The Role of Temperature on Defect Diffusion and Nanoscale
Patterning in Graphene. Carbon 2023, 201, 212–221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2022.09.006.
54. 54
Defect chain formation
Dyck, O.; Yeom, S.; Dillender, S.; Lupini, A. R.; Yoon, M.; Jesse, S. The Role of Temperature on Defect Diffusion and Nanoscale
Patterning in Graphene. Carbon 2023, 201, 212–221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2022.09.006.
55. 55
Maybe we need a constant supply of material to
incorporate.
Maybe we need to stabilize the vacancies.
56. 56
• E-beam Induced Deposition
• How to deposit a single atom
• Can we “deposit” any type of atom?
• Atomic precision requires atomic cleanliness
• The role of temperature on vacancy diffusion
• Evaporation for long range delivery of atoms
• The Synthescope—a new perspective on in situ microscopy; synthesis in a STEM
• An evaporation platform for in situ synthesis
From THE ATOM FORGE To THE SYNTHESCOPE
57. 57
Dyck, O.; Yeom, S.; Lupini, A. R.; Swett, J. L.; Hensley, D.; Yoon, M.; Jesse, S. Top-down Fabrication of Atomic Patterns in Twisted
Bilayer Graphene. arXiv January 4, 2023. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2301.01674.
58. 58
Dyck, O.; Yeom, S.; Lupini, A. R.; Swett, J. L.; Hensley, D.; Yoon, M.; Jesse, S. Top-down Fabrication of Atomic Patterns in Twisted
Bilayer Graphene. arXiv January 4, 2023. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2301.01674.
Cr and Cu on bilayer graphene
59. 59
Dyck, O.; Yeom, S.; Lupini, A. R.; Swett, J. L.; Hensley, D.; Yoon, M.; Jesse, S. Top-down Fabrication of Atomic Patterns in Twisted
Bilayer Graphene. arXiv January 4, 2023. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2301.01674.
60. 60
(a) (b) (c)
8 nm
Original proposal Acquired during write up of final summary document
61. 61
Dyck, O.; Yeom, S.; Lupini, A. R.; Swett, J. L.; Hensley, D.; Yoon, M.; Jesse, S. Top-down Fabrication of Atomic Patterns in Twisted
Bilayer Graphene. arXiv January 4, 2023. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2301.01674.
62. 62
• E-beam Induced Deposition
• How to deposit a single atom
• Can we “deposit” any type of atom?
• Atomic precision requires atomic cleanliness
• The role of temperature on vacancy diffusion
• Evaporation for long range delivery of atoms
• The Synthescope—a new perspective on in situ microscopy; synthesis in a
STEM
• An evaporation platform for in situ synthesis
From THE ATOM FORGE To THE SYNTHESCOPE
63. 63
W. F. van Dorp; X. Zhang; B. L.
Feringa; J. B. Wagner; T. W.
Hansen; J. Th M De Hosson.
Nanometer-Scale Lithography on
Microscopically Clean Graphene.
Nanotechnology 2011, 22 (50),
505303.
67. 67
Future Directions: The Synthescope
Dyck, O.; Lupini, A. R.; Jesse, S. A Platform for in Situ Synthesis in a STEM. arXiv February 27, 2023.
https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2302.14000.
68. 68
Future Directions: The Synthescope
Dyck, O.; Lupini, A. R.; Jesse, S. A Platform for in Situ Synthesis in a STEM. arXiv February 27, 2023.
https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2302.14000.
69. 69
Future Directions: The Synthescope
Dyck, O.; Lupini, A. R.; Jesse, S. A Platform for in Situ Synthesis in a STEM. arXiv February 27, 2023.
https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2302.14000.
70. 70
• E-beam Induced Deposition
• How to deposit a single atom
• Can we “deposit” any type of atom?
• Atomic precision requires atomic cleanliness
• The role of temperature on vacancy diffusion
• Evaporation for long range delivery of atoms
• The Synthescope—a new perspective on in situ microscopy; synthesis in a STEM
• An evaporation platform for in situ synthesis
From THE ATOM FORGE To THE SYNTHESCOPE
72. 72
Dyck, O.; Lupini, A. R.; Jesse, S. A Platform for in Situ Synthesis in a STEM. arXiv February 27, 2023.
https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2302.14000.
73. 73
Dyck, O.; Lupini, A. R.; Jesse, S. A Platform for in Situ Synthesis in a STEM. arXiv February 27, 2023.
https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2302.14000.
77. 77 Dyck, O.; Lupini, A. R.; Jesse, S. Atom-by-Atom Direct Writing. Nano Lett. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00114.
Direct Writing with Sn Atoms
78. 78 Dyck, O.; Lupini, A. R.; Jesse, S. Atom-by-Atom Direct Writing. Nano Lett. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00114.
Direct Writing with Sn Atoms
79. 79 Dyck, O.; Lupini, A. R.; Jesse, S. Atom-by-Atom Direct Writing. Nano Lett. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00114.
Direct Writing with Sn Atoms
80. 80
Future Directions: The Synthescope
• Control:
• Source temperature/evaporation rate
• Source species
• Sample temperature
• Electrical bias and transport
• E-beam position, current, energy
• Real-time observation and characterization during
fabrication and growth processes
• Chamberless synthesis environment the size of an
atom
Chamberless
Synthesis
Environment
Dyck, O.; Lupini, A. R.; Jesse, S. The Synthescope: A Vision for
Combining Synthesis with Atomic Fabrication. arXiv February 16, 2023.
https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2302.08539.
81. 81
Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences
A DOE User Facility for Creating, Characterizing,
and Understanding Nanomaterials
Proposals:
• Simple, two-page
narrative
• Two general calls per
year
• Short-term projects
accepted continuously
• Joint proposals with
neutron sources (SNS,
HFIR)
Research areas:
• Synthesis – Soft matter (precision synthesis, selective deuteration), 2D materials, hybrid structures,
epitaxial oxides
• Nanofabrication – Direct-write (3D) fabrication, e-beam lithography, multiscale fluidics,
10,000 sq. ft. cleanroom
• Advanced Microscopy – AFM, STM, aberration-corrected and in situ TEM/STEM, He-ion microscopy,
atom-probe tomography
• Chemical Imaging – Multiple approaches based on mass spectrometry or optical spectroscopies
• Functional Characterization – Laser spectroscopy, transport, magnetism, electromechanical
phenomena
• Theory/Modeling, Data Analytics – Including interactions and co-development with leadership-class,
high-performance computing
• Gateway to Neutron Sciences – deuterated materials, sample environments, multimodal
measurements
Providing free access to staff expertise and equipment if intent is to publish results.
cnms.ornl.gov
82. 82
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