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© Ian Phillips 2017
201520102005200019951990
© Ian Phillips 2017
https://ianp24.blogspot.com
ARM	Milestones
...	Creating	a	£24b	Company	in	26yrs		
@	Department	of	Computing
Imperial	College,	London
19may17
Prof.	Ian	Phillips	CEng,	FIET,	FIMA,	SMIEEE
Independent	Technology	Consultant	&	Philosopher	
(Formerly: Principal Staff Eng’r. @ ARM Ltd, UK)
1v2
Visiting	Prof. with...
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© Ian Phillips 2017
201520102005200019951990
ARM:	Bigger	On	The	Inside	...
ARM is Just a CPU Company?
It doesn’t make anything?... it just sells a CPU Design!?
...	Right??
...	So	why	did	SoftBank pay	£24.3b	to	buy	it	in	2016	??
A	journey-in-time	through	ARM’s	Significant	Milestones	might	
help	explain	why	it	is	much	bigger	than	it	seems	on	the	outside	...
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© Ian Phillips 2017
201520102005200019951990
The	Start-Up	Era	Begins	...
§ 1990:	Advanced	RISC	Machines	Ltd.	spins-out	from	Acorn	Computers
§ Investors:	Apple,	Acorn	and	VLSI	Logic
§ Staff:	Robin	Saxby	(Chairman	&	CEO),	Jamie	Urquhart,	John	Biggs,	
Tudor	Brown,	Pete	Harrod,	Mike	Muller,	Lee	Smith,	David	Seal,	Harry	Oldham,	
Andy	Merritt,	Harry	Meekings,	Dave	Howard,	Al	Thomas	
§ The	Business	Plan;	To	be	a	‘Fabless	Semiconductor	Co’	to	allow:-
1. Apple to	have	its	own	ASIC-based	CPUs	(primarily	for	Newton)
2. Acorn to	have	its	own	range	of	RISC	CPUs	for	its	Personal	Computers
3. ARM	to	supply	Domain	Specific	Processors	in	a	Fabless	Business	Model
4. ARM	CPU	Development	to	proceed	independently	of	Acorn	or	Apple
5. A	long-term	idea	to	use	‘CPUs	as	Cores’	for	some	advanced	users	(CPU-IP)
Formation
Acorn
ArchimedesAcorn
A4 Laptop
Apple
Newton
The Barn, Swaffham Bulbeck, Cambs.
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© Ian Phillips 2017
201520102005200019951990
The	Cavalry	Arrives	...	
§ 1991:	GEC	Plessey	Semiconductors,	First	Paying	License	to	ARM	Technology
§ Several	CPU/	Peripheral	Chips	(ARM2AS,	LUE,	VIDC,	MEMC,	IOC,	ARM250,	ARM6,	ARM610,	ARM7,	ARM710)
§ The	right	to	use	the	CPU	family	as	‘Cells’	in	its	Megacell ASIC	Toolset
§ ARM	Assembler	and	C	Cross-Compiler
§ VLSI	Technology	had	a	similar	license	which	they	bought	as	Founder	Shares
§ GPS	License	provides	timely Cash-flow	and	Validation	of	ARM’s	Technology/Business	Model
§ 1992/3:	ARM-IP	Business-Model	comes	to	the	fore;	License	+	Royalty	(Shared	Risk)
§ Declares	ambition	to	be	“The	Z80	of	the	90s”	(Zilog Z80	was	in	all	kinds	of	early	’smart’	products)
§ FAB-Less	prospect	not	good;	as	Newton	Collapses,	Acorn	Struggles	and	No	New	Opportunities
§ CPU-IP	(ARM7)	is	Only	Option:	But	little	IC	design	reuse	at	the	time,	so	little	market	for	IP	Components!	
§ AMBA(1)	On-Chip	Bus	released:	to	support	the	modular-design	concept	(But	it	didn’t	work!)
...	Noticed	that	ARM	CPUs	ought-to-be	energy	efficient;	so	makes	a	Marketing	Feature	of	MIP/W
§ 1993:	TI	becomes	the	Third	Paying	Licensee	(Second	was	Sharp)
§ 1993:	ARM’s	first	profitable	year	...	And	has	been	profitable	every	year	since!
GPS	License 1st Profit
AMBAFormation
5
© Ian Phillips 2017
201520102005200019951990
Going	Global	...	
§ 1994:	ARM	opens	office	in	Tokyo	and	SanJose
§ Just	one	person	in	each	office,	primarily	Sales/Marketing	role	...	
...	but	also	to	isolate	the	customer	from	language,	culture	and	time-zone	difficulties	within	the	company
§ Needed	good	Regional	Sales/Marketing	Skills
§ Also	needed	good	Technical	Understanding
§ Also	needed	good	Communication	Skills	(Internal	and	External)
...	ARM	recognizes	that	if	it	wants	to	achieve	its	Z80	of	the	90s	ambition	then	it	has	to	be	present	in	
the	markets	where	these	chips	are/will-be	designed
§ 1996:	Virtual	Socket	Interface	Alliance	(VSIA)	Formed
§ Initially	Toshiba	and	Cadence	and	quickly	followed	by	Mentor	and	Fujitsu	- ARM	joins	in	1997
§ VSIA	fails	to	recognize	the	breadth	of	the	challenge	(HW	and	SW);	and	eventually	folds	in	2007
§ But	other	Industry	Standard	Bodies	pick	up	specific	areas	(See	SystemC in	2000)
...	Chip	Industry	(Cadence)	becoming	aware	of	the	need	for	IP	based	reuse	for	chip-productivity
GPS	License 1st Profit
AMBA
Global VSIA
Formation
6
© Ian Phillips 2017
201520102005200019951990
10nm
100nm
1um
10um
100um
ApproximateProcessGeometry
ITRS’99
Transistors/Chip(M)
Transistor/PM(K)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moore’s_law
Designer	Productivity;	A	Major	Issue	on	the	Horizon	...
7
© Ian Phillips 2017
201520102005200019951990
10nm
100nm
1um
10um
100um
ApproximateProcessGeometry
ITRS’99
Transistors/Chip(M)
Transistor/PM(K)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moore’s_law
Designer	Productivity;	A	Major	Issue	on	the	Horizon	...
8
© Ian Phillips 2017
201520102005200019951990
10nm
100nm
1um
10um
100um
ApproximateProcessGeometry
ITRS’99
Transistors/Chip(M)
Transistor/PM(K)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moore’s_law
VSIA
...	In	retrospect;	the	Industry	Turning	Point	was	nicely	timed	one	for	ARM	!
Designer	Productivity;	A	Major	Issue	on	the	Horizon	...
Global TeamsLocal TeamsSmall TeamSingle Designer
Expertise ReuseHW&SW ReuseSome ReuseClean Sheet
9
© Ian Phillips 2017
201520102005200019951990
ARM	Growing-Up	...
§ 1997:	Nokia	6110	- Brings	ARM	Technology	into	Mobile	Telephony
§ TI’s	ARM7TDMI (Thumb	with	Debug,	enhanced	Multiply	and	ICE)	based	SoC
§ Thumb was	necessary	to	get	the	code	into	a	256k	ROM	(Nokia	req’t!)
§ Thumb	good	for	code	density	...	subsequently	good	for	power	efficiency!
...	ARM	enters	GPS	market,	and	a	great	affirmation	of	the	Modular-IP	concept.
§ 1998	(Apr):	ARM	IPO
§ ARM	Holdings	PLC	completes	joint	listing	on	the	London	Stock	Exchange	
and	NASDAQ	
§ IPO	at	£5.75.	Valued	£26.6m.	Revenue	£2.9m.	Heads	350.
§ 1998:	ARM9	– ARM	moves	to	Harvard	Architecture
§ First	recognition	of	a	market	for	high(er)-performance	ARM	CPUs
§ 1998	(Jun):	Ian	Phillips joins	ARM	as	Employee	No	376
§ ...?!
§ 1999:	ARM	enters	FTSE100	(for	the	first	time)
§ 2010:	Re-Enters	FTSE100	...	and	stays	this	time
GPS	License 1st Profit
AMBA
Global VSIA
Formation
N6110
Thumb IPO
Harvard FTSE100
10
© Ian Phillips 2017
201520102005200019951990
Spreading	Its	Wings	...
§ 2000:	SystemC - Brings	HW,	SW	and	System	Modelling	into	C++	environment
§ Spin-out	from	various	sources	including	VSIA
§ Facilitating	Modular	Design	and	Reuse	for	SoC ...	Verilog	and	VHDL	ultimately	followed	suit.
§ Created	demand	for	pluggable	fast	ARM	Simulation	Models	(Makes	ARMulator redundant)
§ 2000:	SecureCore - SC100	brings	32-bit	to	SmartCards (Samsung/Incard)
§ 2001:	DSP	and	Synthesizable	CPUs	...
§ Multi-Media	Accelerator	(MOVE)	– Diversification	into	Signal	Processing
§ First	Synthesizable	CPU	ARM926EJ-S	– Move	away	from	Hard	Cores
§ 2002:	System	Modelling	Launched	(not	ARM	at	the	center	of	the	model)
§ 2003:	TrustZone and	PrimeXsys ...
§ TrustZone – Introduces	Trusted	Execution	Environment	in	the	CPU	Hardware
§ PrimeXsys – System	Templates	of	systems	matched	with	SW	Design	Suite
§ 2004:	Artizan Acquisition	– Takes	ARM	into	Cell	Libraries
§ 2004:	1.2Bpa	(2B	total)	Shipped	Units	‘based	on	ARM	Technology’
§ ARM	Headcount	~1,000,	Revenue	£150m	(PBT	18%,	R&D	35%),	22	Offices	(10	Countries)
GPS	License 1st Profit
AMBA
Global VSIA
SecureCoreFormation
N6110
Thumb
Synth	CPU
MOVE
TrustZone >1BpaSyst’m
ModelingIPO
Harvard FTSE100
11
© Ian Phillips 2017
201520102005200019951990
Diversifying	...
§ 2005:	A11	MP-Core	
§ Four-Small	CPUs	are	more	energy-efficient	than	One-Large
§ Cluster	of	4	x	ARM11	(32-bit)	Processors	
§ Initially	Clunky	software;	soon	becomes	Virtualized	
§ Takes	ARM	into	on-chip	Multi-Processing	for	A-Class	apps
§ Leads-on	to	big.LITTLE and	full	Virtualisation
§ 2005:	Spinnaker	Project	Proposal	
§ RT	10^9	Neural	Network	(1M	ARM’s	in	system	!?)
§ ARM’s	First	Real	University	Research	Partnership	(Involving	ARM	IP)
GPS	License 1st Profit
AMBA
Global VSIA
SecureCoreFormation
N6110
Thumb
Synth	CPU
MOVE
TrustZone >1BpaSyst’m
ModelingIPO
Harvard FTSE100
MP-Core
12
© Ian Phillips 2017
201520102005200019951990
The	Global-Business	Era	Begins	...
§ 2005:	Cortex	Family	splits	CPU-IP	into	three	Application	Domains (ARMv7-A)	
§ Application	Processors	(A)	– (A8-2005)
§ High	Performance	with	MMU	and	Caches	for	Plug-n-Play	OS
§ Real-time	Processors	(R)	– (R4-2011)
§ High	Performance,	Predictable	Real-Time	
Memory	Protection	and	TCM/Cache
§ Embedded	Processors	(M)	– (M3-2004)
§ Bare-Metal	CPU	for	Minimum	Systems
§ 2006:	Robin	Saxby	hands	over	to	Warren	East	...	
§ Surprisingly(?),	the	World	Doesn’t	End!
§ To	Grow	and	Consolidate	a	Global	IP	Business	
§ To	get	ARM	back	into	the	FTSE100	(and	keep	it	there)
§ End	of	the	Startup	era.
§ Warren;	an	Engineer,	grown	through	the	business
New	CEOGPS	License 1st Profit
AMBA
Global VSIA
SecureCoreFormation
N6110
Thumb
Synth	CPU
MOVE
TrustZone >1BpaSyst’m
ModelingIPO
Harvard FTSE100
MP-Core
Cortex
13
© Ian Phillips 2017
201520102005200019951990
A	Real	Market	for	A-Class...
§ 2006:	Acquisition	of	Falanx (Norway)	
§ ARM	Processor	IP	family	now	include	GPUs	(Mali)
§ 2006:	Software	Tools	move	to	Eclipse	IDE
§ Recognition	that	SW	is	an	important	part	of	ARM’s	product
§ Easier	extension,	maintenance	and	compatibility
§ 2007:	Apple	iPhone
§ Defines	the	Smartphone
§ Established	the	need	for	ever-more	performance	and	
energy-efficiency	in	A-Class	and	GPU	processors
iPhone
GPU
New	CEOGPS	License 1st Profit
AMBA
Global VSIA
SecureCoreFormation
N6110
Thumb
Synth	CPU
MOVE
TrustZone >1BpaSyst’m
ModelingIPO
Harvard FTSE100
MP-Core
Cortex
14
© Ian Phillips 2017
201520102005200019951990
About 50MTr
About 50KTr
ARM	Almost Ubiquitous	...	
§ The	ARM	Family	of	CPU/GPU	IP	spans	3	orders	of	magnitude	in	size	...
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© Ian Phillips 2017
201520102005200019951990
...	Around	24	Processors	in	6	Families	...
...	Processors	optimised	to	be	used	Alone	or	in	Combination	to	best-fit	the	Application
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© Ian Phillips 2017
201520102005200019951990
...	With	Platforms	to	Guide/Support	Implementation
ACE
ACE
NIC-400 Network Interconnect
Flash GPIO
NIC-400
USBQuad
Cortex-
A15
L2 cache
Interrupt Control
CoreLink™
DMC-520
x72
DDR4-3200
PHY
AHB
Snoop
Filter
Quad
Cortex-
A15
L2 cache
Quad
Cortex-
A15
L2 cache
Quad
Cortex-
A15
L2 cache
CoreLink™
DMC-520
x72
DDR4-3200
8-16MB L3 cache
PCIe
10-40
GbE
DPI Crypto
CoreLink™ CCN-504 Cache Coherent Network
IO Virtualisation with System MMU
DSP
DSP
DSP
SATA
Dual channel
DDR3/4 x72
Up to 4 cores
per cluster
Up to 4
coherent
clusters
Integrated
L3 cache
Up to 18 AMBA
interfaces for
I/O coherent
accelerators
and IO
Peripheral address space
Heterogeneous processors – CPU, GPU, DSP and
accelerators
Virtualized Interrupts
Uniform
System
memory
...	Complemented	by	SW	Tools	and	Models	in	the	Software	Design	Suite	(DS5)
17
© Ian Phillips 2017
201520102005200019951990
…	Tools,	Libraries	and	Partners	to	Realize	the	Opportunities
§ Technology	to	build	Electronic	System	solutions:
§ Software,	Drivers,	OS-Ports,	Tools,	Utilities		to	create	
efficient	system	with	optimized	software	solutions
§ Diverse	Physical	Components,	including	CPU	and	GPU	
processors	designed	for	specific	tasks
§ Interconnect System	IP	delivering	coherency	and	the	
quality	of	service	required	for	lowest	memory	bandwidth
§ Optimised	Cell-Libraries	for	a	highly	optimized	SoC
implementations
§ Well	Connected	Partners	in	the	System	Life-Cycle:
§ For	complementary	tools	and	methods	required	by	the	
System	Developers
§ Global	Technology	Global	Partners:
§ ~1000	Partners;	Millions	of	Developers
18
© Ian Phillips 2017
201520102005200019951990
ARM	Technology	Throughout	Complex	Electronic	Systems
§ Provides	Productive	Technologies	for	Embedding	Intelligence	with	
Roadmap	for	Evolution	and	Interfaces	for	Inclusion	(Helps	with	Reuse)
Early software
development on
Virtual Platforms
Power MgmtBluetooth
Cellular Modem
WiFi
SIM
GPS
Flash Controller
Touchscreen
& Sensor Hub
Sensor Hub
Camera
Apps Processor
19
© Ian Phillips 2017
201520102005200019951990
Smart-Dust:	Invisible	Computing
§ 2008:	mbed – Embedded	Design	Enablement	(Before	the	IoT term	was	used)
§ Objective:	Making	ARM	uC power	available	to	the	
non-expert	user/application-space
§ Plan:	mbed HW	Platforms	for	popular	ARM	uCs ...
§ uC Providers	to	supply	them
§ Compatible	with	mbed IDE
§ Include	device-specific	Libraries
§ Plan:	mbed Web-based	IDE	...
§ ARM	to	support	and	host
§ Includes	Editor	and	C/C++	Compiler
§ Base	Libraries	and	User	Community
© Ian Phillips 2017
Online IDE. Supported and hosted by ARM. Browser-based
and targetable to specific uCs
mbed HWPlatform and Libraries Supported
by uC Provider (Eg: NXP LPX1768)
MBEDiPhone
GPU
New	CEOGPS	License 1st Profit
AMBA
Global VSIA
SecureCoreFormation
N6110
Thumb
Synth	CPU
MOVE
TrustZone >1BpaSyst’m
ModelingIPO
Harvard FTSE100
MP-Core
Cortex
20
© Ian Phillips 2017
201520102005200019951990
§ 2009:	Microsoft	Project	Natal	(Kinect)	– Applied	Deep-Learning	(AI)	for	remote	human	
posture	and	voice	recognition	...	Uses	an	ARM7!	
...	Separated	the	NeuralNet Learning	(Complex);	
from	implementation	of	a	configured	NeuralNet (Much	Easier)
§ Bear	in	mind	the	first	that	ARM	hears	about	most	new	products	
using	ARM	technology,	is	when	the	product	is	launched!
§ ARM	has	to	try	and	anticipate	how	its	technologies	will	be	used	to	
make	sure	that	compute	capabilities	users	will	need	are	available	in	time
Neural	Networks	Eventually	Get-Into	Consumer	Products
KinectMBEDiPhone
GPU
New	CEOGPS	License 1st Profit
AMBA
Global VSIA
SecureCoreFormation
N6110
Thumb
Synth	CPU
MOVE
TrustZone >1BpaSyst’m
ModelingIPO
Harvard FTSE100
MP-Core
Cortex
21
© Ian Phillips 2017
201520102005200019951990
§ 2009:	SPIRIT	Formed	- ARM	a	Founder
§ Structure	for	Packaging,	Integrating	and	Re-using	IP	within	Tool-flows
§ 2010:	Released	IP-XACT	released ...	On	to	become	IEEE	Std
§ Lead	to	automatic	system	configuration	tools	in	ARM.	
CoreLink,	CoreSight,	and	Socrates.	Builds	get-you-going	
systems	fast	(Includes	AMBA	and	the	CoreLink Peripherals)
§ 2009:	ARM	External	Research	Speakers	Conference	(ERSC)
§ To	Bring	Academic	Research	Community	and	ARM	Engineers	together.	Success;	but	ahead	of	it	time	...
§ 2016:	ARM’s	First	Research	Summit	(Chris	Doran)	with	same	objective
§ 2010:	Linaro Formed	- ARM	a	Founder
§ Porting	LINUX	and	SW	Tools	onto	ARM
§ Created	System	Architecture	Standards	for	A-Class	products
§ Eases	Porting	of	any	OS’s,	SW	Tools	and	Debug	Tools
§ Eases	the	introduction	of	New	Processors	into	Systems
§ The	basis	of	the	ARM-A	Class	Dev-Boards	and	Systems	that	abound	- Raspberry	Pi,	BeagleBone,	ODROID,	...
§ But	also the	core	architecture	of	‘all’	ARM	Powered	Smartphones
The	Value	of	Standards
Kinect
SPIRIT,	ESRC Linaro
MBEDiPhone
GPU
New	CEOGPS	License 1st Profit
AMBA
Global VSIA
SecureCoreFormation
N6110
Thumb
Synth	CPU
MOVE
TrustZone >1BpaSyst’m
ModelingIPO
Harvard FTSE100
MP-Core
Cortex
22
© Ian Phillips 2017
201520102005200019951990
§ 2011:	Partners	take	ARM	into	HPC	...
§ CalXeda (A9-32bit),	HP-Moonshot	Server	and	the	Mont-Blanc	FP7	Project	- Sets	ARM	on	the	route	to	HPC
§ Despite	logic,	substantial	‘pressure’	emerges	to	apply	ARM
‘smart	phone	technology’	to	the	ultra-performance	HPC	sector
§ ETP4HPC	Formed	– ARM	Founder
§ 2011:	ARMv8	64-bit	architecture	announced	
§ Rapidly	becomes	must-have	in	Smart-Phones
§ And	creates	interest	in	the	HPC	community
HPC:	Professional	Computing	...
HPC
ARMv8
Kinect
SPIRIT,	ESRC Linaro
MBEDiPhone
GPU
New	CEOGPS	License 1st Profit
AMBA
Global VSIA
SecureCoreFormation
N6110
Thumb
Synth	CPU
MOVE
TrustZone >1BpaSyst’m
ModelingIPO
Harvard FTSE100
MP-Core
Cortex
23
© Ian Phillips 2017
201520102005200019951990
The Internet of Things (Wilgengebroed on Flickr)
The	Network	of	Stuff
§ 2012:	Commits	to	A-Class	Tic-Toc,	annual	~25%+	improvement	beat
§ 2013:	Relaunches	mbed as	ARM’s	primary	IoT platform	...
§ 90%	of	the	products	‘now	classed’	as	IoT are	ARM	based
§ mbed to	complement	the	Kyle	MDK	and	DS5
§ 2013(16):	ARM	IoT Acquisitions	start	(Wikipedia)...
§ Duolog Technologies - Tools	for	IP	configuration	and	IP	integration
§ Sensinode - IoT startup
§ PolarSSL - SSL	&	TLS	Library
§ Wicentric - Bluetooth
§ Sunrise	Micro	Devices - Sub-one	volt	Bluetooth	radio
§ Sansa	Security - HW	security	IP	and	SW	for	SoC components	in	IoT and	mobile	
§ Offspark - IoT security	software
§ And	continue	...
Tic-Toc ARM	IoTHPC
ARMv8
Kinect
SPIRIT,	ESRC Linaro
MBEDiPhone
GPU
New	CEOGPS	License 1st Profit
AMBA
Global VSIA
SecureCoreFormation
N6110
Thumb
Synth	CPU
MOVE
TrustZone >1BpaSyst’m
ModelingIPO
Harvard FTSE100
MP-Core
Cortex
24
© Ian Phillips 2017
201520102005200019951990
...	‘Old’	Markets	remain;	but	they	inherit	Technologies	from	the	Lead	Markets!
Business	Opportunity	- Drives	- Technology	Evolution
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
Millionsof
Unitspa
1st Era
Select work-tasks
2nd Era
Broad-based computing
for specific tasks
3rd Era
Computing as part
of our lives
25
© Ian Phillips 2017
201520102005200019951990
The	IoT Era	Begins
§ 2013:	Warren	East	(CEO)	hands	over	to	Simon	Segars
§ To	Take	ARM	into	the	100Bpa	era	(IoT)
§ 10Bpa	ARM	CPUs	shipped	in	2013	(50B	total)
§ Simon	also	and	Engineer	grown	through	the	ranks
§ 2014:	Capabilities	Talk	(IanP)	at	ARM	General	
Engineering	Conference
§ Clarifies	the	need-for	and	the	roles-of	Research	in	ARM
§ New	Chairman	(Stuart	Chambers)	clearly	gets	the	message
§ 2015:	R&D	Group	remodeled	into	ARM	Research	Group
§ With	clear	Research	Mandate	and	Responsibilities	to	the	Development	Groups
§ Immediate	Upscale	to	all	Research	and	Partnered	Research	activities
ARM	IoT
New	CEO
Capabilities
Research
Tic-TocHPC
ARMv8
Kinect
SPIRIT,	ESRC Linaro
MBEDiPhone
GPU
New	CEOGPS	License 1st Profit
AMBA
Global VSIA
SecureCoreFormation
N6110
Thumb
Synth	CPU
MOVE
TrustZone >1BpaSyst’m
ModelingIPO
Harvard FTSE100
MP-Core
Cortex
26
© Ian Phillips 2017
201520102005200019951990
2016(17):	A	Big	Year	for	ARM
§ ARM	Architecture	moves	into	HPC
§ Aug16:	Fujitsu	announced	Post-K	Japanese	exascale supercomputer	will	be	ARMv8-A	SVE	
§ Jan17:	European	Commission's	Mont-Blanc	HPC	project	choses	Atos's	Bull	to	build	exascale-class	compute	
node	using	Cavium's	Thunder	X2	64-bit	ARMv8-A	server	processor	SoC.
§ Jan17:	EPSRC	funds	Isambard	project	to	design	and	build,	the	world's	first	large-scale,	production,	ARM-based	
supercomputer	(Unies.	of	Bristol,	Bath,	Cardiff	and	Exeter,	with	the	Met	Office	and	Cray)
§ ARM	Supports	HPC
§ Aug16:	ARM	Announces	SVE	(Scalable	Vector	Extensions)	ARMv8	Architecture	Extension	
§ Apr17:	ARM	Compute	Library	and	DinamIQ System	Architecture.
§ ARM	HPC	Support:	Applications,	Compilers,	Debug	Tools,	Profiling	Tools,	Operating	System	(LINUX/BSD),	
Parallelism	Tools	&	Libraries,	Math	Libraries,	File	Systems,	Workload	Managers,	Python	Packages,	Utilities	
(https://developer.arm.com/hpc/hpc-software)
§ Dec16:	ARM	Acquires	Allinea Software	(HPC	Debugging	SW)
§ Apr17:	The	HPC	Module	for	SUSE	Linux	Enterprise	(SLES)	available	for	64-bit	ARM	(AArch64)	systems.
HPC++ARM	IoT
New	CEO
Capabilities
Research
Tic-TocHPC
ARMv8
Kinect
SPIRIT,	ESRC Linaro
MBEDiPhone
GPU
New	CEOGPS	License 1st Profit
AMBA
Global VSIA
SecureCoreFormation
N6110
Thumb
Synth	CPU
MOVE
TrustZone >1BpaSyst’m
ModelingIPO
Harvard FTSE100
MP-Core
Cortex
27
© Ian Phillips 2017
201520102005200019951990
2016(17):	A	Very-Big	Year	for	ARM
§ 18jul16:	SoftBank agrees	terms	with	ARM	Exec.	
for	the	acquisition	of	ARM	...
§ At	£17/share,	valuing	the	company	at	£24.3B	($32B)
§ Specific	interest	in	developing	the	possibilities	of	ARM
§ With	particular	interest	in	the	opportunities	of	IoT
§ Commitment	to	keep	HQ	in	UK	and	double	UK	staff	
in	next	5yr	...	and	to	grow	the	RoW activities
§ Keen	to	maintain	Business	Model,	Culture	and	Brand
§ 01sep16:	6-weeks	later,	ARM	De-Lists,	SoftBank
hands	£24.3B	to	ARM	Hld.	Investors	and	ARM	
Acquisition	is	Completed	...
http://www.deepchip.com/items/0562-04.html
HPC++
SoftBank
ARM	IoT
New	CEO
Capabilities
Research
Tic-TocHPC
ARMv8
Kinect
SPIRIT,	ESRC Linaro
MBEDiPhone
GPU
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28
© Ian Phillips 2017
201520102005200019951990
Aug16:	ARM,	Pre-SoftBank
§ 2016	Revenue	£150m	(PBT	18%,	R&D	35%),	£1B	in	the	bank.
§ ARM	Headcount	>4,000,	22	Offices	(10	Countries),	1750	in	the	UK.
§ HQ	Cambridge,	England.
§ Shipping	Processor	IP	at	a	rate	of	~20Bpa	(Feb17:	Hits	100B	total)
§ ARM	...
§ has	been	driven	by	an	(evolving)	technical	mission,	and	is	staffed	by	people	who	believe	in	it.
§ had	Partners	not	customers	...	It	was	a	sharing	relationship.
§ responsive	(not	setting	or	driving	the	agenda)
§ was	as	big	as	it	needed	to	be	(at	any	stage)	to	deliver	what	its	partners	needed	(not	demanded)
§ grew	organically	and	was	very	selective	about	who	it	employed
§ was	financially	cautious	(had	around	£1B	in	the	bank)
§ was	‘Owned’	by	International	Investors	since	its	IPO	(since	1998)
§ But	its	Board	was	independent	(The	Chairman	represents	the	Investors	interests)
§ ARM	has	been	guided	by	a	Dream	&	Culture	...
...	And	"Culture	eats	Strategy	for	Breakfast"	- Peter	Drucker.
HPC++
SoftBank
ARM	IoT
New	CEO
Capabilities
Research
Tic-TocHPC
ARMv8
Kinect
SPIRIT,	ESRC Linaro
MBEDiPhone
GPU
New	CEOGPS	License 1st Profit
AMBA
Global VSIA
SecureCoreFormation
N6110
Thumb
Synth	CPU
MOVE
TrustZone >1BpaSyst’m
ModelingIPO
Harvard FTSE100
MP-Core
Cortex
29
© Ian Phillips 2017
201520102005200019951990
Sep16:	ARM,	a	SoftBank company
§ ‘Ownership’	is	still	International	Investors	
§ SoftBank is	50%	of	the	Board,	with	a	lot	more	direct	influence	than	the	previous	investors
§ Especially	interested	in	ARM’s	IoT potential
§ Investment	Companies	are	motivated	by	financial	returns	...	somewhere.	
§ Technical	or	higher-level	objectives	are	tolerated	as	a	means	to	this	end!	
§ Money	not	an	obstacle	to	growth	(Fact)	- But	it	wasn’t	before	hand!
§ Now	ARM	will	needs	to	set	and	drive	the	agenda	- A	fundamental	change	of	ethos
§ SoftBank is	Legally-Bound	(Monopolies	and	Mergers)	to	2x	ARM-UK	before	2021	
§ HQ	to	stay	in	Cambridge	for	at	least	5yrs.	UK	team	to	double	from	1,749	(>76.7%	to	be	tech	staff)	
§ Reality;	2-3yrs	to	recruit	1,400	new	technical	people in	the	UK	...	~500/yr (The	pre	SB	rate	was	~100/yr)	
§ Also	an	un-binding	plan	to	grow	RoW ARM.	ARM	ww headcount	at	Sep16	was	~4,000
§ Acquisitions	are	good	ways	to	build	headcount	...	But	you	can	inherit	their	businesses	culture	unless	you	
impose	yours	very	quickly.	(I	have	too	much	experience	of	acquisitions	lead	by	bottom-line!)
...	It	will	not	be	easy	to	meet	this	growth	and keep	the	ARM	Culture!
HPC++
SoftBank
ARM	IoT
New	CEO
Capabilities
Research
Tic-TocHPC
ARMv8
Kinect
SPIRIT,	ESRC Linaro
MBEDiPhone
GPU
New	CEOGPS	License 1st Profit
AMBA
Global VSIA
SecureCoreFormation
N6110
Thumb
Synth	CPU
MOVE
TrustZone >1BpaSyst’m
ModelingIPO
Harvard FTSE100
MP-Core
Cortex
30
© Ian Phillips 2017
201520102005200019951990
Too	Much	Luck?
§ Strategy	and	Plans	all	need	a	big	dose	of	luck	to	be	delivered	...
§ There	were	too	many	Key-Milestones	in	ARM’s	history	for	luck	to	be	the	only	explanation
§ Strategy,	Capabilities	and	Culture were	all	aligned
§ “Culture	eats	Strategy	for	Breakfast” (Peter	Drucker)	
§ ARM	is	big	on	Culture.	Primarily	because	it	is	NOT lead	by	businessmen	who	‘have	read	the	books’	
(knew	how	to	do	it	properly);	but	by	technically	competent	enthusiasts	with	a	dream.
§ All	Employees	are	Involved in	the	Business	and	trusted	with	Customers
§ Also	good	success-related	rewards	(Share	Allocations	(25%pa	Fwd looking)	and	Bonuses	(Retrospective))
§ Customers	liked	and	continue	to	like,	the	risk-sharing	business	model	...
§ License	(Investment),	Royalty	(Guaranteed	cooperation)
§ Sharing	makes	Customers	into	Partners	(Bi-directional	trust	and	data-flow)
§ ARM	is	its	biggest	competitor	...
§ Make	your	own	products	uncompetitive	...	Before	any	other	competitors	can
§ Do	Not	sit-back	on	your	Cash-Cows	...	Winning	is	not	a	stable	state	in	the	21c
...	Partnership:	Up,	Down	and	Inside	is	a	winning	formula	for	Business
HPC++
SoftBank
ARM	IoT
New	CEO
Capabilities
Research
Tic-TocHPC
ARMv8
Kinect
SPIRIT,	ESRC Linaro
MBEDiPhone
GPU
New	CEOGPS	License 1st Profit
AMBA
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SecureCoreFormation
N6110
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Synth	CPU
MOVE
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Harvard FTSE100
MP-Core
Cortex
31
© Ian Phillips 2017
201520102005200019951990
© Ian Phillips 2017
https://ianp24.blogspot.com
2017:	A	New	Chapter	for	ARM	...
...	Thank	you	for	Listening

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ARM Milestones (1v2) @ImperialCol 19may17

  • 1. 1 © Ian Phillips 2017 201520102005200019951990 © Ian Phillips 2017 https://ianp24.blogspot.com ARM Milestones ... Creating a £24b Company in 26yrs @ Department of Computing Imperial College, London 19may17 Prof. Ian Phillips CEng, FIET, FIMA, SMIEEE Independent Technology Consultant & Philosopher (Formerly: Principal Staff Eng’r. @ ARM Ltd, UK) 1v2 Visiting Prof. with...
  • 2. 2 © Ian Phillips 2017 201520102005200019951990 ARM: Bigger On The Inside ... ARM is Just a CPU Company? It doesn’t make anything?... it just sells a CPU Design!? ... Right?? ... So why did SoftBank pay £24.3b to buy it in 2016 ?? A journey-in-time through ARM’s Significant Milestones might help explain why it is much bigger than it seems on the outside ...
  • 3. 3 © Ian Phillips 2017 201520102005200019951990 The Start-Up Era Begins ... § 1990: Advanced RISC Machines Ltd. spins-out from Acorn Computers § Investors: Apple, Acorn and VLSI Logic § Staff: Robin Saxby (Chairman & CEO), Jamie Urquhart, John Biggs, Tudor Brown, Pete Harrod, Mike Muller, Lee Smith, David Seal, Harry Oldham, Andy Merritt, Harry Meekings, Dave Howard, Al Thomas § The Business Plan; To be a ‘Fabless Semiconductor Co’ to allow:- 1. Apple to have its own ASIC-based CPUs (primarily for Newton) 2. Acorn to have its own range of RISC CPUs for its Personal Computers 3. ARM to supply Domain Specific Processors in a Fabless Business Model 4. ARM CPU Development to proceed independently of Acorn or Apple 5. A long-term idea to use ‘CPUs as Cores’ for some advanced users (CPU-IP) Formation Acorn ArchimedesAcorn A4 Laptop Apple Newton The Barn, Swaffham Bulbeck, Cambs.
  • 4. 4 © Ian Phillips 2017 201520102005200019951990 The Cavalry Arrives ... § 1991: GEC Plessey Semiconductors, First Paying License to ARM Technology § Several CPU/ Peripheral Chips (ARM2AS, LUE, VIDC, MEMC, IOC, ARM250, ARM6, ARM610, ARM7, ARM710) § The right to use the CPU family as ‘Cells’ in its Megacell ASIC Toolset § ARM Assembler and C Cross-Compiler § VLSI Technology had a similar license which they bought as Founder Shares § GPS License provides timely Cash-flow and Validation of ARM’s Technology/Business Model § 1992/3: ARM-IP Business-Model comes to the fore; License + Royalty (Shared Risk) § Declares ambition to be “The Z80 of the 90s” (Zilog Z80 was in all kinds of early ’smart’ products) § FAB-Less prospect not good; as Newton Collapses, Acorn Struggles and No New Opportunities § CPU-IP (ARM7) is Only Option: But little IC design reuse at the time, so little market for IP Components! § AMBA(1) On-Chip Bus released: to support the modular-design concept (But it didn’t work!) ... Noticed that ARM CPUs ought-to-be energy efficient; so makes a Marketing Feature of MIP/W § 1993: TI becomes the Third Paying Licensee (Second was Sharp) § 1993: ARM’s first profitable year ... And has been profitable every year since! GPS License 1st Profit AMBAFormation
  • 5. 5 © Ian Phillips 2017 201520102005200019951990 Going Global ... § 1994: ARM opens office in Tokyo and SanJose § Just one person in each office, primarily Sales/Marketing role ... ... but also to isolate the customer from language, culture and time-zone difficulties within the company § Needed good Regional Sales/Marketing Skills § Also needed good Technical Understanding § Also needed good Communication Skills (Internal and External) ... ARM recognizes that if it wants to achieve its Z80 of the 90s ambition then it has to be present in the markets where these chips are/will-be designed § 1996: Virtual Socket Interface Alliance (VSIA) Formed § Initially Toshiba and Cadence and quickly followed by Mentor and Fujitsu - ARM joins in 1997 § VSIA fails to recognize the breadth of the challenge (HW and SW); and eventually folds in 2007 § But other Industry Standard Bodies pick up specific areas (See SystemC in 2000) ... Chip Industry (Cadence) becoming aware of the need for IP based reuse for chip-productivity GPS License 1st Profit AMBA Global VSIA Formation
  • 6. 6 © Ian Phillips 2017 201520102005200019951990 10nm 100nm 1um 10um 100um ApproximateProcessGeometry ITRS’99 Transistors/Chip(M) Transistor/PM(K) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moore’s_law Designer Productivity; A Major Issue on the Horizon ...
  • 7. 7 © Ian Phillips 2017 201520102005200019951990 10nm 100nm 1um 10um 100um ApproximateProcessGeometry ITRS’99 Transistors/Chip(M) Transistor/PM(K) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moore’s_law Designer Productivity; A Major Issue on the Horizon ...
  • 8. 8 © Ian Phillips 2017 201520102005200019951990 10nm 100nm 1um 10um 100um ApproximateProcessGeometry ITRS’99 Transistors/Chip(M) Transistor/PM(K) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moore’s_law VSIA ... In retrospect; the Industry Turning Point was nicely timed one for ARM ! Designer Productivity; A Major Issue on the Horizon ... Global TeamsLocal TeamsSmall TeamSingle Designer Expertise ReuseHW&SW ReuseSome ReuseClean Sheet
  • 9. 9 © Ian Phillips 2017 201520102005200019951990 ARM Growing-Up ... § 1997: Nokia 6110 - Brings ARM Technology into Mobile Telephony § TI’s ARM7TDMI (Thumb with Debug, enhanced Multiply and ICE) based SoC § Thumb was necessary to get the code into a 256k ROM (Nokia req’t!) § Thumb good for code density ... subsequently good for power efficiency! ... ARM enters GPS market, and a great affirmation of the Modular-IP concept. § 1998 (Apr): ARM IPO § ARM Holdings PLC completes joint listing on the London Stock Exchange and NASDAQ § IPO at £5.75. Valued £26.6m. Revenue £2.9m. Heads 350. § 1998: ARM9 – ARM moves to Harvard Architecture § First recognition of a market for high(er)-performance ARM CPUs § 1998 (Jun): Ian Phillips joins ARM as Employee No 376 § ...?! § 1999: ARM enters FTSE100 (for the first time) § 2010: Re-Enters FTSE100 ... and stays this time GPS License 1st Profit AMBA Global VSIA Formation N6110 Thumb IPO Harvard FTSE100
  • 10. 10 © Ian Phillips 2017 201520102005200019951990 Spreading Its Wings ... § 2000: SystemC - Brings HW, SW and System Modelling into C++ environment § Spin-out from various sources including VSIA § Facilitating Modular Design and Reuse for SoC ... Verilog and VHDL ultimately followed suit. § Created demand for pluggable fast ARM Simulation Models (Makes ARMulator redundant) § 2000: SecureCore - SC100 brings 32-bit to SmartCards (Samsung/Incard) § 2001: DSP and Synthesizable CPUs ... § Multi-Media Accelerator (MOVE) – Diversification into Signal Processing § First Synthesizable CPU ARM926EJ-S – Move away from Hard Cores § 2002: System Modelling Launched (not ARM at the center of the model) § 2003: TrustZone and PrimeXsys ... § TrustZone – Introduces Trusted Execution Environment in the CPU Hardware § PrimeXsys – System Templates of systems matched with SW Design Suite § 2004: Artizan Acquisition – Takes ARM into Cell Libraries § 2004: 1.2Bpa (2B total) Shipped Units ‘based on ARM Technology’ § ARM Headcount ~1,000, Revenue £150m (PBT 18%, R&D 35%), 22 Offices (10 Countries) GPS License 1st Profit AMBA Global VSIA SecureCoreFormation N6110 Thumb Synth CPU MOVE TrustZone >1BpaSyst’m ModelingIPO Harvard FTSE100
  • 11. 11 © Ian Phillips 2017 201520102005200019951990 Diversifying ... § 2005: A11 MP-Core § Four-Small CPUs are more energy-efficient than One-Large § Cluster of 4 x ARM11 (32-bit) Processors § Initially Clunky software; soon becomes Virtualized § Takes ARM into on-chip Multi-Processing for A-Class apps § Leads-on to big.LITTLE and full Virtualisation § 2005: Spinnaker Project Proposal § RT 10^9 Neural Network (1M ARM’s in system !?) § ARM’s First Real University Research Partnership (Involving ARM IP) GPS License 1st Profit AMBA Global VSIA SecureCoreFormation N6110 Thumb Synth CPU MOVE TrustZone >1BpaSyst’m ModelingIPO Harvard FTSE100 MP-Core
  • 12. 12 © Ian Phillips 2017 201520102005200019951990 The Global-Business Era Begins ... § 2005: Cortex Family splits CPU-IP into three Application Domains (ARMv7-A) § Application Processors (A) – (A8-2005) § High Performance with MMU and Caches for Plug-n-Play OS § Real-time Processors (R) – (R4-2011) § High Performance, Predictable Real-Time Memory Protection and TCM/Cache § Embedded Processors (M) – (M3-2004) § Bare-Metal CPU for Minimum Systems § 2006: Robin Saxby hands over to Warren East ... § Surprisingly(?), the World Doesn’t End! § To Grow and Consolidate a Global IP Business § To get ARM back into the FTSE100 (and keep it there) § End of the Startup era. § Warren; an Engineer, grown through the business New CEOGPS License 1st Profit AMBA Global VSIA SecureCoreFormation N6110 Thumb Synth CPU MOVE TrustZone >1BpaSyst’m ModelingIPO Harvard FTSE100 MP-Core Cortex
  • 13. 13 © Ian Phillips 2017 201520102005200019951990 A Real Market for A-Class... § 2006: Acquisition of Falanx (Norway) § ARM Processor IP family now include GPUs (Mali) § 2006: Software Tools move to Eclipse IDE § Recognition that SW is an important part of ARM’s product § Easier extension, maintenance and compatibility § 2007: Apple iPhone § Defines the Smartphone § Established the need for ever-more performance and energy-efficiency in A-Class and GPU processors iPhone GPU New CEOGPS License 1st Profit AMBA Global VSIA SecureCoreFormation N6110 Thumb Synth CPU MOVE TrustZone >1BpaSyst’m ModelingIPO Harvard FTSE100 MP-Core Cortex
  • 14. 14 © Ian Phillips 2017 201520102005200019951990 About 50MTr About 50KTr ARM Almost Ubiquitous ... § The ARM Family of CPU/GPU IP spans 3 orders of magnitude in size ...
  • 15. 15 © Ian Phillips 2017 201520102005200019951990 ... Around 24 Processors in 6 Families ... ... Processors optimised to be used Alone or in Combination to best-fit the Application
  • 16. 16 © Ian Phillips 2017 201520102005200019951990 ... With Platforms to Guide/Support Implementation ACE ACE NIC-400 Network Interconnect Flash GPIO NIC-400 USBQuad Cortex- A15 L2 cache Interrupt Control CoreLink™ DMC-520 x72 DDR4-3200 PHY AHB Snoop Filter Quad Cortex- A15 L2 cache Quad Cortex- A15 L2 cache Quad Cortex- A15 L2 cache CoreLink™ DMC-520 x72 DDR4-3200 8-16MB L3 cache PCIe 10-40 GbE DPI Crypto CoreLink™ CCN-504 Cache Coherent Network IO Virtualisation with System MMU DSP DSP DSP SATA Dual channel DDR3/4 x72 Up to 4 cores per cluster Up to 4 coherent clusters Integrated L3 cache Up to 18 AMBA interfaces for I/O coherent accelerators and IO Peripheral address space Heterogeneous processors – CPU, GPU, DSP and accelerators Virtualized Interrupts Uniform System memory ... Complemented by SW Tools and Models in the Software Design Suite (DS5)
  • 17. 17 © Ian Phillips 2017 201520102005200019951990 … Tools, Libraries and Partners to Realize the Opportunities § Technology to build Electronic System solutions: § Software, Drivers, OS-Ports, Tools, Utilities to create efficient system with optimized software solutions § Diverse Physical Components, including CPU and GPU processors designed for specific tasks § Interconnect System IP delivering coherency and the quality of service required for lowest memory bandwidth § Optimised Cell-Libraries for a highly optimized SoC implementations § Well Connected Partners in the System Life-Cycle: § For complementary tools and methods required by the System Developers § Global Technology Global Partners: § ~1000 Partners; Millions of Developers
  • 18. 18 © Ian Phillips 2017 201520102005200019951990 ARM Technology Throughout Complex Electronic Systems § Provides Productive Technologies for Embedding Intelligence with Roadmap for Evolution and Interfaces for Inclusion (Helps with Reuse) Early software development on Virtual Platforms Power MgmtBluetooth Cellular Modem WiFi SIM GPS Flash Controller Touchscreen & Sensor Hub Sensor Hub Camera Apps Processor
  • 19. 19 © Ian Phillips 2017 201520102005200019951990 Smart-Dust: Invisible Computing § 2008: mbed – Embedded Design Enablement (Before the IoT term was used) § Objective: Making ARM uC power available to the non-expert user/application-space § Plan: mbed HW Platforms for popular ARM uCs ... § uC Providers to supply them § Compatible with mbed IDE § Include device-specific Libraries § Plan: mbed Web-based IDE ... § ARM to support and host § Includes Editor and C/C++ Compiler § Base Libraries and User Community © Ian Phillips 2017 Online IDE. Supported and hosted by ARM. Browser-based and targetable to specific uCs mbed HWPlatform and Libraries Supported by uC Provider (Eg: NXP LPX1768) MBEDiPhone GPU New CEOGPS License 1st Profit AMBA Global VSIA SecureCoreFormation N6110 Thumb Synth CPU MOVE TrustZone >1BpaSyst’m ModelingIPO Harvard FTSE100 MP-Core Cortex
  • 20. 20 © Ian Phillips 2017 201520102005200019951990 § 2009: Microsoft Project Natal (Kinect) – Applied Deep-Learning (AI) for remote human posture and voice recognition ... Uses an ARM7! ... Separated the NeuralNet Learning (Complex); from implementation of a configured NeuralNet (Much Easier) § Bear in mind the first that ARM hears about most new products using ARM technology, is when the product is launched! § ARM has to try and anticipate how its technologies will be used to make sure that compute capabilities users will need are available in time Neural Networks Eventually Get-Into Consumer Products KinectMBEDiPhone GPU New CEOGPS License 1st Profit AMBA Global VSIA SecureCoreFormation N6110 Thumb Synth CPU MOVE TrustZone >1BpaSyst’m ModelingIPO Harvard FTSE100 MP-Core Cortex
  • 21. 21 © Ian Phillips 2017 201520102005200019951990 § 2009: SPIRIT Formed - ARM a Founder § Structure for Packaging, Integrating and Re-using IP within Tool-flows § 2010: Released IP-XACT released ... On to become IEEE Std § Lead to automatic system configuration tools in ARM. CoreLink, CoreSight, and Socrates. Builds get-you-going systems fast (Includes AMBA and the CoreLink Peripherals) § 2009: ARM External Research Speakers Conference (ERSC) § To Bring Academic Research Community and ARM Engineers together. Success; but ahead of it time ... § 2016: ARM’s First Research Summit (Chris Doran) with same objective § 2010: Linaro Formed - ARM a Founder § Porting LINUX and SW Tools onto ARM § Created System Architecture Standards for A-Class products § Eases Porting of any OS’s, SW Tools and Debug Tools § Eases the introduction of New Processors into Systems § The basis of the ARM-A Class Dev-Boards and Systems that abound - Raspberry Pi, BeagleBone, ODROID, ... § But also the core architecture of ‘all’ ARM Powered Smartphones The Value of Standards Kinect SPIRIT, ESRC Linaro MBEDiPhone GPU New CEOGPS License 1st Profit AMBA Global VSIA SecureCoreFormation N6110 Thumb Synth CPU MOVE TrustZone >1BpaSyst’m ModelingIPO Harvard FTSE100 MP-Core Cortex
  • 22. 22 © Ian Phillips 2017 201520102005200019951990 § 2011: Partners take ARM into HPC ... § CalXeda (A9-32bit), HP-Moonshot Server and the Mont-Blanc FP7 Project - Sets ARM on the route to HPC § Despite logic, substantial ‘pressure’ emerges to apply ARM ‘smart phone technology’ to the ultra-performance HPC sector § ETP4HPC Formed – ARM Founder § 2011: ARMv8 64-bit architecture announced § Rapidly becomes must-have in Smart-Phones § And creates interest in the HPC community HPC: Professional Computing ... HPC ARMv8 Kinect SPIRIT, ESRC Linaro MBEDiPhone GPU New CEOGPS License 1st Profit AMBA Global VSIA SecureCoreFormation N6110 Thumb Synth CPU MOVE TrustZone >1BpaSyst’m ModelingIPO Harvard FTSE100 MP-Core Cortex
  • 23. 23 © Ian Phillips 2017 201520102005200019951990 The Internet of Things (Wilgengebroed on Flickr) The Network of Stuff § 2012: Commits to A-Class Tic-Toc, annual ~25%+ improvement beat § 2013: Relaunches mbed as ARM’s primary IoT platform ... § 90% of the products ‘now classed’ as IoT are ARM based § mbed to complement the Kyle MDK and DS5 § 2013(16): ARM IoT Acquisitions start (Wikipedia)... § Duolog Technologies - Tools for IP configuration and IP integration § Sensinode - IoT startup § PolarSSL - SSL & TLS Library § Wicentric - Bluetooth § Sunrise Micro Devices - Sub-one volt Bluetooth radio § Sansa Security - HW security IP and SW for SoC components in IoT and mobile § Offspark - IoT security software § And continue ... Tic-Toc ARM IoTHPC ARMv8 Kinect SPIRIT, ESRC Linaro MBEDiPhone GPU New CEOGPS License 1st Profit AMBA Global VSIA SecureCoreFormation N6110 Thumb Synth CPU MOVE TrustZone >1BpaSyst’m ModelingIPO Harvard FTSE100 MP-Core Cortex
  • 24. 24 © Ian Phillips 2017 201520102005200019951990 ... ‘Old’ Markets remain; but they inherit Technologies from the Lead Markets! Business Opportunity - Drives - Technology Evolution 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 Millionsof Unitspa 1st Era Select work-tasks 2nd Era Broad-based computing for specific tasks 3rd Era Computing as part of our lives
  • 25. 25 © Ian Phillips 2017 201520102005200019951990 The IoT Era Begins § 2013: Warren East (CEO) hands over to Simon Segars § To Take ARM into the 100Bpa era (IoT) § 10Bpa ARM CPUs shipped in 2013 (50B total) § Simon also and Engineer grown through the ranks § 2014: Capabilities Talk (IanP) at ARM General Engineering Conference § Clarifies the need-for and the roles-of Research in ARM § New Chairman (Stuart Chambers) clearly gets the message § 2015: R&D Group remodeled into ARM Research Group § With clear Research Mandate and Responsibilities to the Development Groups § Immediate Upscale to all Research and Partnered Research activities ARM IoT New CEO Capabilities Research Tic-TocHPC ARMv8 Kinect SPIRIT, ESRC Linaro MBEDiPhone GPU New CEOGPS License 1st Profit AMBA Global VSIA SecureCoreFormation N6110 Thumb Synth CPU MOVE TrustZone >1BpaSyst’m ModelingIPO Harvard FTSE100 MP-Core Cortex
  • 26. 26 © Ian Phillips 2017 201520102005200019951990 2016(17): A Big Year for ARM § ARM Architecture moves into HPC § Aug16: Fujitsu announced Post-K Japanese exascale supercomputer will be ARMv8-A SVE § Jan17: European Commission's Mont-Blanc HPC project choses Atos's Bull to build exascale-class compute node using Cavium's Thunder X2 64-bit ARMv8-A server processor SoC. § Jan17: EPSRC funds Isambard project to design and build, the world's first large-scale, production, ARM-based supercomputer (Unies. of Bristol, Bath, Cardiff and Exeter, with the Met Office and Cray) § ARM Supports HPC § Aug16: ARM Announces SVE (Scalable Vector Extensions) ARMv8 Architecture Extension § Apr17: ARM Compute Library and DinamIQ System Architecture. § ARM HPC Support: Applications, Compilers, Debug Tools, Profiling Tools, Operating System (LINUX/BSD), Parallelism Tools & Libraries, Math Libraries, File Systems, Workload Managers, Python Packages, Utilities (https://developer.arm.com/hpc/hpc-software) § Dec16: ARM Acquires Allinea Software (HPC Debugging SW) § Apr17: The HPC Module for SUSE Linux Enterprise (SLES) available for 64-bit ARM (AArch64) systems. HPC++ARM IoT New CEO Capabilities Research Tic-TocHPC ARMv8 Kinect SPIRIT, ESRC Linaro MBEDiPhone GPU New CEOGPS License 1st Profit AMBA Global VSIA SecureCoreFormation N6110 Thumb Synth CPU MOVE TrustZone >1BpaSyst’m ModelingIPO Harvard FTSE100 MP-Core Cortex
  • 27. 27 © Ian Phillips 2017 201520102005200019951990 2016(17): A Very-Big Year for ARM § 18jul16: SoftBank agrees terms with ARM Exec. for the acquisition of ARM ... § At £17/share, valuing the company at £24.3B ($32B) § Specific interest in developing the possibilities of ARM § With particular interest in the opportunities of IoT § Commitment to keep HQ in UK and double UK staff in next 5yr ... and to grow the RoW activities § Keen to maintain Business Model, Culture and Brand § 01sep16: 6-weeks later, ARM De-Lists, SoftBank hands £24.3B to ARM Hld. Investors and ARM Acquisition is Completed ... http://www.deepchip.com/items/0562-04.html HPC++ SoftBank ARM IoT New CEO Capabilities Research Tic-TocHPC ARMv8 Kinect SPIRIT, ESRC Linaro MBEDiPhone GPU New CEOGPS License 1st Profit AMBA Global VSIA SecureCoreFormation N6110 Thumb Synth CPU MOVE TrustZone >1BpaSyst’m ModelingIPO Harvard FTSE100 MP-Core Cortex
  • 28. 28 © Ian Phillips 2017 201520102005200019951990 Aug16: ARM, Pre-SoftBank § 2016 Revenue £150m (PBT 18%, R&D 35%), £1B in the bank. § ARM Headcount >4,000, 22 Offices (10 Countries), 1750 in the UK. § HQ Cambridge, England. § Shipping Processor IP at a rate of ~20Bpa (Feb17: Hits 100B total) § ARM ... § has been driven by an (evolving) technical mission, and is staffed by people who believe in it. § had Partners not customers ... It was a sharing relationship. § responsive (not setting or driving the agenda) § was as big as it needed to be (at any stage) to deliver what its partners needed (not demanded) § grew organically and was very selective about who it employed § was financially cautious (had around £1B in the bank) § was ‘Owned’ by International Investors since its IPO (since 1998) § But its Board was independent (The Chairman represents the Investors interests) § ARM has been guided by a Dream & Culture ... ... And "Culture eats Strategy for Breakfast" - Peter Drucker. HPC++ SoftBank ARM IoT New CEO Capabilities Research Tic-TocHPC ARMv8 Kinect SPIRIT, ESRC Linaro MBEDiPhone GPU New CEOGPS License 1st Profit AMBA Global VSIA SecureCoreFormation N6110 Thumb Synth CPU MOVE TrustZone >1BpaSyst’m ModelingIPO Harvard FTSE100 MP-Core Cortex
  • 29. 29 © Ian Phillips 2017 201520102005200019951990 Sep16: ARM, a SoftBank company § ‘Ownership’ is still International Investors § SoftBank is 50% of the Board, with a lot more direct influence than the previous investors § Especially interested in ARM’s IoT potential § Investment Companies are motivated by financial returns ... somewhere. § Technical or higher-level objectives are tolerated as a means to this end! § Money not an obstacle to growth (Fact) - But it wasn’t before hand! § Now ARM will needs to set and drive the agenda - A fundamental change of ethos § SoftBank is Legally-Bound (Monopolies and Mergers) to 2x ARM-UK before 2021 § HQ to stay in Cambridge for at least 5yrs. UK team to double from 1,749 (>76.7% to be tech staff) § Reality; 2-3yrs to recruit 1,400 new technical people in the UK ... ~500/yr (The pre SB rate was ~100/yr) § Also an un-binding plan to grow RoW ARM. ARM ww headcount at Sep16 was ~4,000 § Acquisitions are good ways to build headcount ... But you can inherit their businesses culture unless you impose yours very quickly. (I have too much experience of acquisitions lead by bottom-line!) ... It will not be easy to meet this growth and keep the ARM Culture! HPC++ SoftBank ARM IoT New CEO Capabilities Research Tic-TocHPC ARMv8 Kinect SPIRIT, ESRC Linaro MBEDiPhone GPU New CEOGPS License 1st Profit AMBA Global VSIA SecureCoreFormation N6110 Thumb Synth CPU MOVE TrustZone >1BpaSyst’m ModelingIPO Harvard FTSE100 MP-Core Cortex
  • 30. 30 © Ian Phillips 2017 201520102005200019951990 Too Much Luck? § Strategy and Plans all need a big dose of luck to be delivered ... § There were too many Key-Milestones in ARM’s history for luck to be the only explanation § Strategy, Capabilities and Culture were all aligned § “Culture eats Strategy for Breakfast” (Peter Drucker) § ARM is big on Culture. Primarily because it is NOT lead by businessmen who ‘have read the books’ (knew how to do it properly); but by technically competent enthusiasts with a dream. § All Employees are Involved in the Business and trusted with Customers § Also good success-related rewards (Share Allocations (25%pa Fwd looking) and Bonuses (Retrospective)) § Customers liked and continue to like, the risk-sharing business model ... § License (Investment), Royalty (Guaranteed cooperation) § Sharing makes Customers into Partners (Bi-directional trust and data-flow) § ARM is its biggest competitor ... § Make your own products uncompetitive ... Before any other competitors can § Do Not sit-back on your Cash-Cows ... Winning is not a stable state in the 21c ... Partnership: Up, Down and Inside is a winning formula for Business HPC++ SoftBank ARM IoT New CEO Capabilities Research Tic-TocHPC ARMv8 Kinect SPIRIT, ESRC Linaro MBEDiPhone GPU New CEOGPS License 1st Profit AMBA Global VSIA SecureCoreFormation N6110 Thumb Synth CPU MOVE TrustZone >1BpaSyst’m ModelingIPO Harvard FTSE100 MP-Core Cortex
  • 31. 31 © Ian Phillips 2017 201520102005200019951990 © Ian Phillips 2017 https://ianp24.blogspot.com 2017: A New Chapter for ARM ... ... Thank you for Listening