- Arduino was initiated in 2005 as a low-cost microcontroller platform for interactive design projects. It was named after Arduin of Ivrea and produced in a small factory in Ivrea, Italy. - An Arduino board is a single-board microcontroller intended to make electronics and interactive object projects more accessible. It is open source hardware that anyone can modify or build themselves. - Arduino boards can sense the environment using sensors and affect surroundings by controlling devices like LEDs, motors, and speakers. The Arduino UNO is a popular prototyping board that can be programmed using the Arduino IDE language, based on C/C++.

2. A brief history...
● In 2005, a project was initiated to make a device for controlling student-
built interactive design projects that was less expensive than other
prototyping systems available at the time.
● Founders Massimo Banzi and David Cuartielles named the project after
Arduin of Ivrea and began producing boards in a small factory located
in Ivrea.

3. Founders

4. What is an Arduino?
● Single-board microcontroller, intended to make the application of
interactive objects or environments more accessible .
● Designed to make the process of using electronics multidisciplinary
projects more accesible.
● It is an open source hardware, any one can get the details of its design
and modify it or make his own one himself.

5. Microcontroller
● A microcontroller is a small computer on a single integrated circuit.
● It is similar to, but less sophisticated than, a system on a chip or SoC.
● It is a micro-computer. As any computer it has internal CPU, RAM, IOs
interface.
● Few famous microcontroller manufacturers are MicroChip, Atmel, Intel,
Analog devices, and more.

6. Arduino can...
● Sense the environment by receiving input from variety of sensors
( to sense stuff ).
- Push buttons
- Variable resistors
- Photoresistors
- Thermistors
● Affect its surroundings by controlling lights, motors, and other actuators
( to do stuff ).
- LEDs
- Motors
- Speakers
- LCD

7. Arduino boards

8. Arduino UNO

9. Arduino UNO features
● Microcontroller
● ATmega328
● Operating Voltage 5V and 3.3 V
● Input Voltage (recommended) 7-12V
● Input Voltage (limits)
● Digital I/O Pins
● Analog Input Pins 6
● DC Current per I/O Pin 40 mA
● DC Current for 3.3V Pin50 mA
● Flash Memory 32 KB (ATmega328) of which 0.5 KB used by Bootloader
● SRAM
● EEPROM 1 KB (ATmega328)
● Clock Speed 16 MHz

10. Other prototyping boards
● Raspberry pie
● Beagle board
● Panda board
● Cotton candy
● CubieBoard
● APC Rock
● Hackberry
● Gooseberry

11. Arduino vs others
● Support for analog input
● Comparatively cheap
● PWM output available
● Open source
● Limited Computing power
● No GPU unit
● Limited memory

12. COTS

13. Arduino is a platform

14. Arduino IDE

15. Programming
● The Arduino Uno can be programmed with the Arduino software IDE
(integrated development environment).
● Programming language used is C like but more towards Processing
language.
● The Atmega328 on the Arduino Uno comes preburned with a Bootloader
that allows you to upload new code to it without the use of an external
hardware programmer.

16. Processing
An open source computer programming language and integrated
development environment (IDE) built for
- Electronic arts
- New media arts
- Visual design
Examples : https://processing.org/examples/

17. Arduino is a platform

18. A C program
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
Printf(“Hello, world!”);
}

19. Hello, world! in Arduino

20. LDR with Arduino

21. LDR with Arduino

22. LM35 with Arduino

23. Let’s get started...