Apocalyptic Literature/The Book of Revelation

Revelation and Apocalyptic
Literature
Dr. John Oakes
Fall, 2013
San Diego

Our Outline:
1.Apocalyptic Literature
2.Intro to Revelation
3.Revelation chapter by chapter
Resources:
“Revelation Revealed” Gordon Ferguson
“Revelation” Jim McGuiggan
“Worthy is the Lamb” Ray Summers

Apocalyptic LiteratureApocalyptic Literature
Rev 1:1 The revelation of
Jesus Christ
revelation = apokalupsis
αποκαλυψισ
= unveiling.
Apocalyptic literature is an
unveiling
Vision as a literary device

Purpose of Apocalyptic WritingPurpose of Apocalyptic Writing
To show in dramatic fashion that God is inTo show in dramatic fashion that God is in
control.control.
To reveal (unveil) the kingdom of God.To reveal (unveil) the kingdom of God.
“The purpose of these writings was to stress
the virtue of loyalty and of stimulate faith by
showing in vivid fashion the certain overthrow
of evil and final victory for God’s righteous
cause.” (Summers: Worthy is the Lamb)

Characteristis of Apocalyptic LiteratureCharacteristis of Apocalyptic Literature
1. Written in times of trouble1. Written in times of trouble
Isaiah: Destruction of IsraelIsaiah: Destruction of Israel
Ezekiel and Daniel: Captivity of JudahEzekiel and Daniel: Captivity of Judah
Zechariah: Persian conquestZechariah: Persian conquest
1 Enoch: Antiochus Epiphanes1 Enoch: Antiochus Epiphanes
Revelation: Roman persecutionRevelation: Roman persecution
2. Cryptic in style2. Cryptic in style
Wisdom, cautionWisdom, caution
Keep the uninitiated in the darkKeep the uninitiated in the dark

ΑποκαλυφισΑποκαλυφισ Characteristics ContinuedCharacteristics Continued
3. Prophecy vs Apocalyptic3. Prophecy vs Apocalyptic
Prophecy mainly preaching, secondarily predictionProphecy mainly preaching, secondarily prediction
Apocalyptic mainly predictive, preaching secondaryApocalyptic mainly predictive, preaching secondary
Apocalyptic a wider scope: The whole world!Apocalyptic a wider scope: The whole world!
Apocalyptic: more eschatology (end times)Apocalyptic: more eschatology (end times)
(although apocalyptic is not chiefly eschatology)(although apocalyptic is not chiefly eschatology)
4. Always has a definite historical setting4. Always has a definite historical setting
Daniel: Antiochus EpiphanesDaniel: Antiochus Epiphanes
Revelation: DomitianRevelation: Domitian

5. Pseudonymous (falsely attributed author)5. Pseudonymous (falsely attributed author)
1 Enoch1 Enoch
Assumptiom of MosesAssumptiom of Moses
Baruch etc.Baruch etc.
Does not apply to Daniel, Revelation, etc.Does not apply to Daniel, Revelation, etc.
6. Visions (rare in prophecy Daniel 9?)6. Visions (rare in prophecy Daniel 9?)

7. Symbolic Apocalyptic literature is saturated7. Symbolic Apocalyptic literature is saturated
with symbolism.with symbolism.
Other literature: Assume a statementOther literature: Assume a statement
ordescription is literal unless the contextordescription is literal unless the context
demands otherwise.demands otherwise.
Apocalyptic: Assume a statement or descriptionApocalyptic: Assume a statement or description
is symbolic unless the context demands otherwiseis symbolic unless the context demands otherwise
(the seven churches or Rev. 17 for example)(the seven churches or Rev. 17 for example)

Numbers in Apocalyptic LiteratureNumbers in Apocalyptic Literature
1 = unity, unique, alone.1 = unity, unique, alone.
2 = strength, courage, energy2 = strength, courage, energy
3 = divine number. Number of God.3 = divine number. Number of God.
4 = the world, the cosmos, creation.4 = the world, the cosmos, creation.
6 = sinister, Satan 6 falls one short of seven. Doom.6 = sinister, Satan 6 falls one short of seven. Doom.
7 = perfection, completeness 4 + 3 = 7 cosmos + God7 = perfection, completeness 4 + 3 = 7 cosmos + God
= perfection= perfection
3-1/2 = incomplete, partial (1260 days, “time, times3-1/2 = incomplete, partial (1260 days, “time, times
and half a time”)and half a time”)

Numbers in Apocalyptic Literature (cont.)Numbers in Apocalyptic Literature (cont.)
10 = completeness10 = completeness
Multiples of 10 70 = perfect completenessMultiples of 10 70 = perfect completeness
1000 = 10x10x10 = ultimate completeness1000 = 10x10x10 = ultimate completeness
12 = Number of religion. God’s people. 4x3 = 1212 = Number of religion. God’s people. 4x3 = 12
Ex. 144,000 is the full number of God’s peopleEx. 144,000 is the full number of God’s people
(12x12x10x10x10)(12x12x10x10x10)
We should hesitate to take these numbers literally. TheWe should hesitate to take these numbers literally. The
144,000 is certainly NOT literal!144,000 is certainly NOT literal!

Colors in Apocalyptic LiteratureColors in Apocalyptic Literature
RedRed war, sacrifice Zech 6:2, Rev 6:4, Is 63:1-6, Joelwar, sacrifice Zech 6:2, Rev 6:4, Is 63:1-6, Joel
2:31, Rev 12:3, 17:32:31, Rev 12:3, 17:3
WhiteWhite purity and innocence Dan 7:9, Rev 1:14, Zechpurity and innocence Dan 7:9, Rev 1:14, Zech
6:3,6 Rev 7:9,13-14, 19:?6:3,6 Rev 7:9,13-14, 19:?
PurplePurple royalty or voluptuous ease Jer 10:9, Rev 17:4,royalty or voluptuous ease Jer 10:9, Rev 17:4,
18:1218:12
BlueBlue heaven, sky, Holy Spirit Rev 9:17heaven, sky, Holy Spirit Rev 9:17
Black famine, death, distress Zech 6:2, 6 Rev 6:5,12,Black famine, death, distress Zech 6:2, 6 Rev 6:5,12,
Pale yellowPale yellow near the end of life Rev 9:17near the end of life Rev 9:17
PalePale death, terror-stricken Jer 30:6, Dan 10:8 Rev 6:8death, terror-stricken Jer 30:6, Dan 10:8 Rev 6:8
CrimsonCrimson blood, atonementblood, atonement
Gold divinity, splendor Rev 1:13 15:6Gold divinity, splendor Rev 1:13 15:6
GreenGreen death? 6:8, 8:7, 9:4death? 6:8, 8:7, 9:4

8. Dramatic.8. Dramatic.
Arguably, the chief aspect of the Apocalyptic is that it isArguably, the chief aspect of the Apocalyptic is that it is
dramatic.dramatic.
Dramatic, vivid,Dramatic, vivid,
forceful, terrifying,forceful, terrifying,
grotesquegrotesque

Non-canonical ApocalypsesNon-canonical Apocalypses
The PseudepigraphaThe Pseudepigrapha
 1 Enoch 150 BC1 Enoch 150 BC
 Assumption of Moses 1Assumption of Moses 1stst
half of 1half of 1stst
centurycentury
 Secrets of Enoch (2 Enoch) early 1Secrets of Enoch (2 Enoch) early 1stst
centurycentury
 Baruch after AD 70Baruch after AD 70
 44thth
Ezra after AD 70Ezra after AD 70

Old Testament Apocalyptic PassagesOld Testament Apocalyptic Passages
 Joel 3:18-21 Joel 2:1-12 Day of the Lord—a
coming of the Kingdom.
 Daniel 7:7-8, 11-14
 Isaiah 34;2-8
 Ezek 32:1-10
Pattern: All are about the future. All are about
God coming to defend or to judge his people.
All are about the kingdom of God. All have a
definite historical application. These
passages will help us greatly to interpet
Revelation

Summary: How to Interpret Apocalyptic:Summary: How to Interpret Apocalyptic:
 There will be a definite historical setting andThere will be a definite historical setting and
cause for the visions. Interpret in light ofcause for the visions. Interpret in light of
this setting and cause.this setting and cause.
 About the imagery: get the big picture andAbout the imagery: get the big picture and
do not get too caught up in the details—dodo not get too caught up in the details—do
not “push” the details.not “push” the details.
 After correctly observing the first two steps,After correctly observing the first two steps,
you can apply apocalyptic passages to allyou can apply apocalyptic passages to all
people and all situations and all times.people and all situations and all times.

End-Time Theories (Eschatology)End-Time Theories (Eschatology)
 PreteristPreterist
• Most or all of RevelationMost or all of Revelation
Already fulfilledAlready fulfilled
 AmillenialismAmillenialism
• No physical millenialNo physical millenial
reignreign
 PremillenialismPremillenialism
• Jesus comes back beforeJesus comes back before
the milleniumthe millenium
 PostmillenialismPostmillenialism
• Millenium happens, thenMillenium happens, then
Jesus comes backJesus comes back

Approaches to Interpreting RevelationApproaches to Interpreting Revelation
1. It is either principally or entirely about the time of1. It is either principally or entirely about the time of
Roman persecution of the church.Roman persecution of the church.
2. It is principally about the apostasy of the Roman2. It is principally about the apostasy of the Roman
Catholic Church.Catholic Church.
3. It is about the entire history of the [western] world3. It is about the entire history of the [western] world
until Jesus comes back.until Jesus comes back.
4. It is principally about end-times—about Armageddon,4. It is principally about end-times—about Armageddon,
the rapture and the millennial reign of Christ whichthe rapture and the millennial reign of Christ which
will ensue. Revelation is principally unfulfilledwill ensue. Revelation is principally unfulfilled
prophecy.prophecy.
5. It is about how God deals with mankind in all ages,5. It is about how God deals with mankind in all ages,
with no particular specific historical context.with no particular specific historical context.

1. It is about the time of Roman persecution of the1. It is about the time of Roman persecution of the
church.church. Historical Background View.Historical Background View.
3. It is about the entire history of the [western] world3. It is about the entire history of the [western] world
until Jesus comes back.until Jesus comes back. Continuous HistoricalContinuous Historical
Wyclyffe, Luther, Fox. The Reformation.Wyclyffe, Luther, Fox. The Reformation.
1st
seal = Domitian to Commodus AD 180
2nd
seal = Commodus to Caracella
3rd
seal = Caracella to Decius
4th
seal = Decius to Gallienus (243-268) (many
persecutions)
5th
seal = Diocletian and friends (284-315) (greatest
persecutions of all)
6th
seal = Barbarian invasions (see below)

3. Continuous Historical3. Continuous Historical
7th
seal = trumpets
1st
trumpet = Goths 395-410 (sacked Rome)
2nd
trumpet = Genseric 428-468 (sacked Rome)
3rd
trumpet = Atilla 433-457
4th
trumpet = Odoacer 476-490 (ended Western Roman
empire for good)
5th
trumpet = Muslim invaders
6th
trumpet = Turks
Great Angel = The ReformationGreat Angel = The Reformation
Great Harlot = The Papacy etc.Great Harlot = The Papacy etc.
Criticism: Too narrow, stretches the symbols way tooCriticism: Too narrow, stretches the symbols way too
muchmuch

4. Futurist The most common premillennial theory:4. Futurist The most common premillennial theory:
Revelation 4-19 is about a seven year period called theRevelation 4-19 is about a seven year period called the
TribulationTribulation after theafter the rapturerapture, but before Jesus comes to, but before Jesus comes to
dwell in physical Jerusalem.dwell in physical Jerusalem.
Use Daniel 9:24-27 to prophesy a future “week” ofUse Daniel 9:24-27 to prophesy a future “week” of
tribulation.tribulation.
This “week” marks the end of theThis “week” marks the end of the “Christian era”.“Christian era”.
The temple will be rebuilt in JerusalemThe temple will be rebuilt in Jerusalem
TheThe two prophetstwo prophets and theand the antichristantichrist will be literal people.will be literal people.

4. Futurist The most common premillennial theory:4. Futurist The most common premillennial theory:
Antichrist defeated after 3-1/2 year reign in a battleAntichrist defeated after 3-1/2 year reign in a battle
calledcalled ArmageddonArmageddon
After this, Jesus comes back and reigns in Jerusalem,After this, Jesus comes back and reigns in Jerusalem,
ushering in the Kingdom of God, beginning theushering in the Kingdom of God, beginning the
millenniummillennium
After the Millennium Satan and the Beast are thrownAfter the Millennium Satan and the Beast are thrown
into the Abyss and final judgment occurs.into the Abyss and final judgment occurs.

Sir Isaac NewtonSir Isaac Newton
The folly of Interpreters has been, to foretell times and
things, by this Prophecy, as if God designed to make
them Prophets. By this rashness they have not only
exposed themselves, but brought the Prophecy also
into contempt. The design of God was much otherwise.
He gave this and the Prophecies of the Old Testaments,
not to gratify men's curiosities by enabling them to
foreknow things, but that after they were fulfilled they
might be interpreted by the event; and his own
Providence, not the Interpreters, be then manifested
thereby to the world. For the event of things predicted
many ages before, will then be a convincing argument
that the world is governed by providence

Problems with PremillenialismProblems with Premillenialism
1. Seems to contradict Revelation 1:1,3
2. Means that Revelation has virtually no meaning to its
primary audience: the Church in the first centuries.
3. Blatant overliteralizing
4. Covenant error: Reestablishing Jewish sacrifices. A
step back. Jesus goes from heaven to ruling on an
earthly throne.
5. Makes the Kingdom of God a physical kingdom.
Radically downplays the coming of the kingdom in
the church. Luke 17:20-21 John 18:36)

5. It is about how God deals with mankind in all ages,5. It is about how God deals with mankind in all ages,
with no particular specific historical context.with no particular specific historical context.
Philosophy of History methodPhilosophy of History method..
Revelation is a description of things that happen againRevelation is a description of things that happen again
and again throughout history and it is equally applicableand again throughout history and it is equally applicable
to all Christians at any time.to all Christians at any time.
Multiple fulfillment theoryMultiple fulfillment theory
Conclusion: There is validity to the preterist/HistoricalConclusion: There is validity to the preterist/Historical
Background view and to the Philosophy of History view.Background view and to the Philosophy of History view.
Revelation is principally about and for the persecutedRevelation is principally about and for the persecuted
early church, but it is also applicable to all Christiansearly church, but it is also applicable to all Christians
everywhere.everywhere.

Historical Background to RevelationHistorical Background to Revelation
Revelation 1:9 I, John, your brother and companionRevelation 1:9 I, John, your brother and companion
in the suffering and kingdom and patient endurancein the suffering and kingdom and patient endurance
that are ours in Jesus, was on the island of Patmosthat are ours in Jesus, was on the island of Patmos
because of the word of God and the testimony of Jesus.because of the word of God and the testimony of Jesus.
Persecutions of the Church:Persecutions of the Church:
Nero AD 64Nero AD 64
Domitian 95-96 *Domitian 95-96 *
Trajan 98-117Trajan 98-117
Septimus Severus 202-211Septimus Severus 202-211
Decius 249-251Decius 249-251
Valerian 257-261Valerian 257-261
Diocletian and Galerian 303-311Diocletian and Galerian 303-311

Date of AuthorshipDate of Authorship
Nero AD 64Nero AD 64
Persecution only in RomePersecution only in Rome
No record of required emperor-worshipNo record of required emperor-worship
Vespasian AD 69-79Vespasian AD 69-79
BBased on Rev 17:9-11 Five have fallenased on Rev 17:9-11 Five have fallen
(Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, Nero)(Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, Nero) one isone is
(Vespasian)(Vespasian) one who is to come for a little while (Titus,one who is to come for a little while (Titus,
ruled two years) and “the beast who was, and is not andruled two years) and “the beast who was, and is not and
is also an eighth and is of the seven = Domitian.is also an eighth and is of the seven = Domitian.
Domitian AD 81-96Domitian AD 81-96
First systematic persecutor AD 95-96First systematic persecutor AD 95-96
Ordered worship of emperor, Christianity illegalOrdered worship of emperor, Christianity illegal
Unanimous opinion of the early church.Unanimous opinion of the early church.

Author: The Apostle JohnAuthor: The Apostle John
External Evidence:External Evidence:
Papias 125 ADPapias 125 AD
Justin Martyr Dialogue with Trypho AD 150Justin Martyr Dialogue with Trypho AD 150
Irenaeus AD 170Irenaeus AD 170
Origen AD 220Origen AD 220
Also: Tertullian (AD 200), Clement of Alexandria (ADAlso: Tertullian (AD 200), Clement of Alexandria (AD
210), Hippolytus (Rome, 220), Cyprian, Athanasius,210), Hippolytus (Rome, 220), Cyprian, Athanasius,
Ambrose, Augustine, Jerome.Ambrose, Augustine, Jerome.
Internal Evidence:Internal Evidence:
The writer is clearly a Jewish ChristianThe writer is clearly a Jewish Christian
The writer assumes great authority over the churchesThe writer assumes great authority over the churches
in Asia (John came to Ephesus some time after AD 70in Asia (John came to Ephesus some time after AD 70
was over the church in Ephesus for 25 years)was over the church in Ephesus for 25 years)

Authorship: Alternative ViewsAuthorship: Alternative Views
Internal Evidence OnlyInternal Evidence Only
Dionysius of Alexandria AD 250 The writing style tooDionysius of Alexandria AD 250 The writing style too
different to allow the same author as the gospel ofdifferent to allow the same author as the gospel of
John.John.
Eusebius AD 330 quotes Papias, and concludes that itEusebius AD 330 quotes Papias, and concludes that it
was Presbyter/Elder John, a separate John. (butwas Presbyter/Elder John, a separate John. (but
Irenaeus is definite that the “elder John” is the apostleIrenaeus is definite that the “elder John” is the apostle
John)John)
If, then, any one should come, having followed personally theIf, then, any one should come, having followed personally the
elders, I would question him concerning the words of theelders, I would question him concerning the words of the
elders, what Andrew or what Peter said, or what Philip, orelders, what Andrew or what Peter said, or what Philip, or
what Thomas or James or whatwhat Thomas or James or what JohnJohn or Matthew or any one ofor Matthew or any one of
the disciples of the Lord said, and the things which Aristionthe disciples of the Lord said, and the things which Aristion
andand the elder Johnthe elder John, disciples of the Lord said., disciples of the Lord said.

Authorship: Alternative ViewsAuthorship: Alternative Views
Why such different styles?Why such different styles?
Was John written in the late 70s or early 80s?Was John written in the late 70s or early 80s?
John was very carefully constructed,John was very carefully constructed,
Revelation was written in haste.Revelation was written in haste.
Conclusion: If we allow that two differentConclusion: If we allow that two different
people wrote John and Revelation, thenpeople wrote John and Revelation, then
Revelation would be the one written by JohnRevelation would be the one written by John

Theme, Message and Objective ofTheme, Message and Objective of
RevelationRevelation
Theme of Revelation: Peel back the layers of historyTheme of Revelation: Peel back the layers of history
and even the terrible persecutions and what do weand even the terrible persecutions and what do we
find?find? The lamb is on the throne and God is in control.The lamb is on the throne and God is in control.
Message of Revelation:Message of Revelation: Be encouraged and faithful toBe encouraged and faithful to
Jesus Christ.Jesus Christ. Jesus, not Caesar, is Lord.Jesus, not Caesar, is Lord.
Objective: to comfort persecuted Christians.Objective: to comfort persecuted Christians.
Description of Revelation: A “divine picture-book”.Description of Revelation: A “divine picture-book”.
“Spiritual cartoons,” representing the historical“Spiritual cartoons,” representing the historical
development of the early Christian church.development of the early Christian church.
Romans appeals to the intellect/mindRomans appeals to the intellect/mind
Psalms appeals to the emotionsPsalms appeals to the emotions
Revelation appeals to the imagination.Revelation appeals to the imagination.

Outline of RevelationOutline of Revelation
Ch 1 PrologueCh 1 Prologue
Ch 2-3 Letters to the seven churchesCh 2-3 Letters to the seven churches
Ch 4-7 The Seven SealsCh 4-7 The Seven Seals
Ch 8-11 The Seven TrumpetsCh 8-11 The Seven Trumpets
Ch 12-16 Seven Mystical FiguresCh 12-16 Seven Mystical Figures
Ch 15-16 The Seven VialsCh 15-16 The Seven Vials
Ch 17-20 Enemies of the Church OverthrownCh 17-20 Enemies of the Church Overthrown
Ch 21-22 The Kingdom of God RevealedCh 21-22 The Kingdom of God Revealed


I. Genesis 1 God created the universe and the earth. It was very
good.
II. Genesis 2 God created man so that we could have an intimate
relationship with him.
III. Genesis 3 and 4 We messed up very badly—destroying that
relationship.
IV.Genesis 5-Rev 20 God is repairing the damage done by sin.
V. Rev 21-22 God has fixed the problem and we are back in a
relationship with him.
Revelation is the culmination of the Bible story
An Outline of the Bible

Revelation Chapter 1 PrologueRevelation Chapter 1 Prologue
John 1:1 The revelation of Jesus Christ which GodJohn 1:1 The revelation of Jesus Christ which God
gave to him to show to his servants what must soongave to him to show to his servants what must soon
come to pass (things it is necessary to come to passcome to pass (things it is necessary to come to pass
shortly).shortly).
What is the book about? Things that will soon takeWhat is the book about? Things that will soon take
place.place.
Dei δειDei δει “must” morally necessary. God’s justice“must” morally necessary. God’s justice
requires that these prophecies must be fulfilled soonrequires that these prophecies must be fulfilled soon
En taxeosEn taxeos εν ταχέωςεν ταχέως quickly 2 Tim 4:9 taxeosquickly 2 Tim 4:9 taxeos
Rev 1:1, 22:6 must soon take placeRev 1:1, 22:6 must soon take place
Rev 1:3, 22:10 is at hand (right near by)Rev 1:3, 22:10 is at hand (right near by)
Compare to Daniel 9:26 which concerns “the distantCompare to Daniel 9:26 which concerns “the distant
future.” (written 550 BC about 167 BC)future.” (written 550 BC about 167 BC)

Seven Beatitudes in RevelationSeven Beatitudes in Revelation
Rev 1:3 Blessed is he who reads this prophecy andRev 1:3 Blessed is he who reads this prophecy and
takes it to heart.takes it to heart.
Rev 14:13 Blessed are the dead who die in the Lord.Rev 14:13 Blessed are the dead who die in the Lord.
Rev 16:15 he who watches and is prepared for theRev 16:15 he who watches and is prepared for the
Lord’s coming.Lord’s coming.
Rev 19:9 those invited to the Lamb’s wedding supper.Rev 19:9 those invited to the Lamb’s wedding supper.
Rev 20:6 those who have a part in the first resurrection.Rev 20:6 those who have a part in the first resurrection.
Rev 22:7 he who keeps the words of this book.Rev 22:7 he who keeps the words of this book.
Rev 22:14 those who wash their robes.Rev 22:14 those who wash their robes.

Revelation 1 Prologue (cont.)Revelation 1 Prologue (cont.)
Rev 1:4,11Rev 1:4,11
Who from? God the father, the Holy Spirit (the sevenWho from? God the father, the Holy Spirit (the seven
spirits) and Jesus Christspirits) and Jesus Christ
Who to? v. 4 to the seven churches in the province ofWho to? v. 4 to the seven churches in the province of
AsiaAsia
v. 11 Ephesus, Smyrna, Pergamum, Thyatira, Sardis,v. 11 Ephesus, Smyrna, Pergamum, Thyatira, Sardis,
Philadelphia and Laodicea.Philadelphia and Laodicea.
Why these churches? They are the ones over whichWhy these churches? They are the ones over which
John was a shepherd.John was a shepherd.
1:3 to all who hear 2:7 to anyone who has an ear.1:3 to all who hear 2:7 to anyone who has an ear.
…… what the Spirit sayswhat the Spirit says to the churchesto the churches..

Rev 1:9Rev 1:9 John can totally relate to the persecutionsJohn can totally relate to the persecutions
that the church will soon be going through.that the church will soon be going through.
Why was he on Patmos? Because of the Word of God.Why was he on Patmos? Because of the Word of God.
1:101:10 On the Lord’s day = Sunday = the 8On the Lord’s day = Sunday = the 8thth
day.day.
1:12-181:12-18 Is this the picture we get of Jesus in theIs this the picture we get of Jesus in the
gospels?gospels?
The principle picture of Jesus in Revelation is ofThe principle picture of Jesus in Revelation is of
incredible power and of judgment.incredible power and of judgment.
Why? Because of the message. God will judge theWhy? Because of the message. God will judge the
persecutors!persecutors!

Rev 1: 10,12-18Rev 1: 10,12-18
Similar to Daniel 7:9-10 andSimilar to Daniel 7:9-10 and
Daniel 10:4-9Daniel 10:4-9
Voice “like a trumpet” AVoice “like a trumpet” A
loud and clear messageloud and clear message
Blazing eyes See everythingBlazing eyes See everything
clearly. Nothing escapes hisclearly. Nothing escapes his
notice.notice.
Double-edged sword in hisDouble-edged sword in his
mouth Authority and powermouth Authority and power
of his words (John 12:48)of his words (John 12:48)
Q: How does this picture ofQ: How does this picture of
Jesus make you feel?Jesus make you feel?

Revelation 2 & 3 Letters to the ChurchesRevelation 2 & 3 Letters to the Churches
in Asiain Asia
Pattern:Pattern:
1. Greeting1. Greeting
2. A description of Jesus2. A description of Jesus
3. A commendation (except Sardis and3. A commendation (except Sardis and
Laodicea)Laodicea)
4. A criticism (except Smyrna and4. A criticism (except Smyrna and
Philadelphia)Philadelphia)
5. An appeal and a warning5. An appeal and a warning
6. Exhortation and promise6. Exhortation and promise

Revelation 2:1-7 EphesusRevelation 2:1-7 Ephesus

EphesusEphesus
Rev 2:1Rev 2:1
……holds the sevenholds the seven
stars in his handstars in his hand
……walking among thewalking among the
golden lampstandsgolden lampstands
““Long live Artemis of theLong live Artemis of the
Ephesians” One of theEphesians” One of the
seven wonders of theseven wonders of the
ancient world.ancient world.
The capital of ChristianThe capital of Christian
Asia.Asia.

Ephesus: CommendationsEphesus: Commendations
Rev 2:2-3,6Rev 2:2-3,6
Hard workHard work
PerseverencePerseverence
Staunch opposition to sin and false doctrineStaunch opposition to sin and false doctrine
Nicolaitins Acts 6:5?Nicolaitins Acts 6:5?
They had not grown wearyThey had not grown weary
Q: Is this possible, even when we have lostQ: Is this possible, even when we have lost
our first love?our first love?

Ephesus: AdmonitionsEphesus: Admonitions
Rev 2:4-5Rev 2:4-5
Remember, this is the church John himselfRemember, this is the church John himself
was responsible for!was responsible for!
Lost their first love.Lost their first love.
Q: What, exactly, had they lost? What wasQ: What, exactly, had they lost? What was
their day-to-day Christian life like?their day-to-day Christian life like?
The solution: Remember and repent!The solution: Remember and repent!
Do what you did at first. Do itDo what you did at first. Do it the waythe way you didyou did
it at first.it at first.

Revelation 2:8-11 SmyrnaRevelation 2:8-11 Smyrna

Smyrna: Commendations OnlySmyrna: Commendations Only
Rev 2:9 Poor but rich.Rev 2:9 Poor but rich.
Q: Do you feel poor? Why? Do you feel rich?Q: Do you feel poor? Why? Do you feel rich?
Why?Why?
The Synagogue of Satan Jewish persecution.The Synagogue of Satan Jewish persecution.
1 Tim 6:6-101 Tim 6:6-10
Admonition: Stay faithful, even unto death …Admonition: Stay faithful, even unto death …
you will receive a crownyou will receive a crown
……you will be untouched by the second deathyou will be untouched by the second death
(Rev 20:14)(Rev 20:14)

Revelation 2:12-17 PergamumRevelation 2:12-17 Pergamum

PergamumPergamum
Largest city in Asia atLargest city in Asia at
the timethe time
Capital of Roman powerCapital of Roman power
Seat of paganism inSeat of paganism in
IoniaIonia
““Throne” of Satan =Throne” of Satan =
Temple of ZeusTemple of Zeus
Pergamum LibraryPergamum Library

Pergamum: CommendationsPergamum: Commendations
Rev 2:12 the sharp, double-edged sword.Rev 2:12 the sharp, double-edged sword.
Watch out!Watch out!
2:13 Pergamum is a tough city to build a2:13 Pergamum is a tough city to build a
church!church!
How would you like to live where Satan lives?How would you like to live where Satan lives?
You have endured extreme persecutionYou have endured extreme persecution
Antipas witness = martarusAntipas witness = martarus

Pergamum: WarningsPergamum: Warnings
SomeSome hold to Balaam’s teaching.hold to Balaam’s teaching.
SomeSome hold to the teachings of the Nicolaitinshold to the teachings of the Nicolaitins
Their problem: lack of church disciplineTheir problem: lack of church discipline
Q: Is tolerance a Christian virtue?Q: Is tolerance a Christian virtue?
Q: Does Jesus get angry?Q: Does Jesus get angry?
God expects the church to discipline theseGod expects the church to discipline these
teachers. Q: Why doesn’t he just deal withteachers. Q: Why doesn’t he just deal with
them?them?

Pergamum: ReassurancePergamum: Reassurance
Rev 2:17Rev 2:17
Hidden mannaHidden manna
A white stoneA white stone
Symbol of acquittal in a trialSymbol of acquittal in a trial
Symbol of being freed from slaverySymbol of being freed from slavery
A name known only to him who receives it.A name known only to him who receives it.

Revelation 2:18-29 ThyatiraRevelation 2:18-29 Thyatira
Hephaestus: the
god of the foundry

ThyatiraThyatira
Thyatira a city of trades and unions/guildsThyatira a city of trades and unions/guilds
Specialized in purple cloth (Lydia)Specialized in purple cloth (Lydia)
Specialized in bronze craftSpecialized in bronze craft
Being in a guild required participation in paganBeing in a guild required participation in pagan
sacrifices, including fornication.sacrifices, including fornication.

Thyatira: CommendationThyatira: Commendation
Jesus: Eyes like blazing fire, feet likeJesus: Eyes like blazing fire, feet like
burnished bronze.burnished bronze.
Rev 2:19Rev 2:19
GivingGiving
ServingServing
Growing!Growing!
But…. The seeds of spiritual disaster hadBut…. The seeds of spiritual disaster had
already been planted!already been planted!

Thyratira: WarningsThyratira: Warnings
Rev 2:20 You tolerate that woman JezebelRev 2:20 You tolerate that woman Jezebel
Probably a prominent and charismatic womanProbably a prominent and charismatic woman
Her sin? Probably encouraging participationHer sin? Probably encouraging participation
in the idolatry required to keep a job in one ofin the idolatry required to keep a job in one of
the trades in Thyratirathe trades in Thyratira
Those who “committed adultery” with her andThose who “committed adultery” with her and
“her children” are those who accepted her“her children” are those who accepted her
teaching.teaching.
A warning against divisivenessA warning against divisiveness

Thyratira: Warnings and EncouragementThyratira: Warnings and Encouragement
Rev 2:21-23Rev 2:21-23
I have given her time to repentI have given her time to repent
I will deal with Jezebel (unlike in Pergamum)I will deal with Jezebel (unlike in Pergamum)
2:24 “deep teaching” a reference to Gnosticism2:24 “deep teaching” a reference to Gnosticism
2:25 Assurance: Hold on until the end… I will2:25 Assurance: Hold on until the end… I will
give you authority over nations (1 Cor 6:2-4)give you authority over nations (1 Cor 6:2-4)

Revelation 3:1-6 SardisRevelation 3:1-6 Sardis

SardisSardis
Capital of Lydia and of King CroesusCapital of Lydia and of King Croesus
On a very steep mountain—thought to beOn a very steep mountain—thought to be
impregnableimpregnable
Nevertheless, conquered by Cyrus 549 BCNevertheless, conquered by Cyrus 549 BC
Conquered by Antiochus III 218 BCConquered by Antiochus III 218 BC
A symbol of overconfidence and unjustifiedA symbol of overconfidence and unjustified
pride. Living on past greatness.pride. Living on past greatness.
Famous for robbers.Famous for robbers.

Sardis: Warnings First!Sardis: Warnings First!
Rev 3:1 You have a great reputation, but youRev 3:1 You have a great reputation, but you
are dead, spiritually!are dead, spiritually!
Their problem was not sin, per se, but lack ofTheir problem was not sin, per se, but lack of
doing things God expected them to do.doing things God expected them to do.
Q: What about you?Q: What about you?
Rev 3:2 Solution? WAKE UP!!!! (Hebrews 2:1)Rev 3:2 Solution? WAKE UP!!!! (Hebrews 2:1)
Remember, obey and repent.Remember, obey and repent.
I will come like a thiefI will come like a thief

Sardis: EncouragementSardis: Encouragement
No encouragement to the church as a wholeNo encouragement to the church as a whole
3:4 Yet you have a few in Sardis…3:4 Yet you have a few in Sardis…
Even in a dead church, some will be alive.Even in a dead church, some will be alive.
Despite what Jesus is saying to the churches,Despite what Jesus is saying to the churches,
we are saved individually.we are saved individually.
3:5 To all disciples: He who overcomes will,3:5 To all disciples: He who overcomes will,
like the few faithful Sardisians, be dressed inlike the few faithful Sardisians, be dressed in
white.white.

Revelation 3:7-13 PhiladelphiaRevelation 3:7-13 Philadelphia

PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia
A significant Jewish population. TheA significant Jewish population. The
Synagogue of SatanSynagogue of Satan
Rev 3:7 Jesus holds the key of David.Rev 3:7 Jesus holds the key of David.
Isaiah 22:21-22 A messianic prophecyIsaiah 22:21-22 A messianic prophecy

Philadelphia: Encouragements OnlyPhiladelphia: Encouragements Only
Rev 3:8 You are small and weak, but you areRev 3:8 You are small and weak, but you are
doing great!doing great!
3:9 You are the true Jews3:9 You are the true Jews
The Jews will fall at your feet some day. Wow!The Jews will fall at your feet some day. Wow!
I will give you a crownI will give you a crown
I will make you a pillarI will make you a pillar
You will never again have to leave itYou will never again have to leave it
Your will have a new name.Your will have a new name.
All these are relevant to specifics of PhiladelphiaAll these are relevant to specifics of Philadelphia

Revelation 3:14-22 LaodiceaRevelation 3:14-22 Laodicea

LaodiceaLaodicea
A center of banking. A very rich cityA center of banking. A very rich city
A center of the wool industry. Black wool.A center of the wool industry. Black wool.
Most famous school of Medicine. Famous forMost famous school of Medicine. Famous for
their eye salve.their eye salve.
All these are used by Jesus in his admonitionAll these are used by Jesus in his admonition

Laodicea: Warnings OnlyLaodicea: Warnings Only
Their sin? Lukewarmness. HypocrisyTheir sin? Lukewarmness. Hypocrisy
Jesus: You make me want to throw up!Jesus: You make me want to throw up!
Wouldn’t it be better to be a half-heartedWouldn’t it be better to be a half-hearted
Christian than a blatant pagan?Christian than a blatant pagan?
Why not?Why not?

Laodicea: Lukewarm ChristianityLaodicea: Lukewarm Christianity
Rev 3:17 How do we become lukewarm?Rev 3:17 How do we become lukewarm?
By relying on self rather than God.By relying on self rather than God.
You say you are richYou say you are rich
You say you need nothing (from God)You say you need nothing (from God)
Q: Do they actually say this?Q: Do they actually say this?
Reality check: You are wretched, pitiful, poor,Reality check: You are wretched, pitiful, poor,
blind and naked.blind and naked.

Laodicea: It’s Not Too Late!Laodicea: It’s Not Too Late!
1. Admit you are wretched, pitiful, poor blind1. Admit you are wretched, pitiful, poor blind
and naked.and naked.
2. Rev 3:18 Buy gold from Jesus.2. Rev 3:18 Buy gold from Jesus.
3. Apply the eye-salve of Jesus John 9:313. Apply the eye-salve of Jesus John 9:31
Q: Do you need some of this salve to seeQ: Do you need some of this salve to see
your need for God?your need for God?
4. Rev 3:19 Accept God’s rebuke and4. Rev 3:19 Accept God’s rebuke and
disciplinediscipline

Laodicea: SummaryLaodicea: Summary
Repent!Repent!
I stand at the door and knock.I stand at the door and knock.
Jesus is waiting, but he will not force hisJesus is waiting, but he will not force his
people to eat with him.people to eat with him.
Does this prove that we can pray Jesus intoDoes this prove that we can pray Jesus into
our hearts?our hearts?
Message of Revelation: To him whoMessage of Revelation: To him who
overcomes, I will give the right to sit with meovercomes, I will give the right to sit with me
on my throneon my throne
We are about to get a view of that throne!We are about to get a view of that throne!

Revelation Chapter 4Revelation Chapter 4
Enter the Throne RoomEnter the Throne Room

Revelation Chapter 4Revelation Chapter 4
Now the visions begin.Now the visions begin.
Be prepared to use your imagination.Be prepared to use your imagination.
Rev 4:1 John sees a door open in heaven.Rev 4:1 John sees a door open in heaven.
How does the vision begin? God is on hisHow does the vision begin? God is on his
throne!!!!!!throne!!!!!!

The Throne RoomThe Throne Room
Jasper white HolinessJasper white Holiness
Carnelian red JusticeCarnelian red Justice
Rainbow God’s promise/covenantRainbow God’s promise/covenant

The Throne Room (cont.)The Throne Room (cont.)
Rev 4:4 24 elders: 12 tribes and 12 apostlesRev 4:4 24 elders: 12 tribes and 12 apostles
The 24 elders is, in essence us—God’s people.The 24 elders is, in essence us—God’s people.
Symbolism in Rev 4 & 5 is of the tabernacle.Symbolism in Rev 4 & 5 is of the tabernacle.
Rev 4:5 thunder, etc. Like Exodus 19:6Rev 4:5 thunder, etc. Like Exodus 19:6
Rev 4:6 Sea of crystal = separation of holyRev 4:6 Sea of crystal = separation of holy
from profane.from profane.
Rev 4:6b-4 Four living creatures = cherubim =Rev 4:6b-4 Four living creatures = cherubim =
protecting the holiness of God.protecting the holiness of God.

The Throne Room (cont.)The Throne Room (cont.)
The four creatures: Eyes = vigilanceThe four creatures: Eyes = vigilance
Garden of Eden Curtain in the Tabernacle.Garden of Eden Curtain in the Tabernacle.
Isaiah 6:2 Ezek 1:5-14 Ezekiel 10Isaiah 6:2 Ezek 1:5-14 Ezekiel 10
Lion Ox Man EagleLion Ox Man Eagle
Rev 4:8-11 Q: What impression of God doesRev 4:8-11 Q: What impression of God does
this give you?this give you?

Revelation CH 4 & 5Revelation CH 4 & 5
John 14:1John 14:1
Ch 4 Trust in GodCh 4 Trust in God
Ch 5 Trust also in meCh 5 Trust also in me
Throughout the rest of the visions,Throughout the rest of the visions,
remember Ch 4 & 5. It is theremember Ch 4 & 5. It is the
background.background.

Revelation Ch. 5 The Lion and the LambRevelation Ch. 5 The Lion and the Lamb
A scroll with sevenA scroll with seven
seals which no one wasseals which no one was
worthy to open.worthy to open.
Sealed = something toSealed = something to
be revealedbe revealed
7 seals = completely7 seals = completely
sealed.sealed.

Enter: Jesus ChristEnter: Jesus Christ
Jesus is a lion Q: What image comes to mind?Jesus is a lion Q: What image comes to mind?
Jesus is the Root of Jesse MessiahJesus is the Root of Jesse Messiah
Jesus is triumphantJesus is triumphant
Jesus is a lamb Q: What image comes to mind?Jesus is a lamb Q: What image comes to mind?
7 horns = perfect in power7 horns = perfect in power
7 eyes = perfect in knowledge7 eyes = perfect in knowledge

Worship the Lamb who was slainWorship the Lamb who was slain
The most amazing worship service ever!The most amazing worship service ever!
Harps = singing to the LambHarps = singing to the Lamb
Incense = prayers of the saintsIncense = prayers of the saints
Rev 5:9-14 A New Song (compare to the SongRev 5:9-14 A New Song (compare to the Song
of Moses Exodus 15)of Moses Exodus 15)
Theme of the song: Worthy is the LambTheme of the song: Worthy is the Lamb
He has made a kingdom of priests Exodus 19:6He has made a kingdom of priests Exodus 19:6
has been fulfilled!has been fulfilled!
v. 11,13 hundted of millions of angels and allv. 11,13 hundted of millions of angels and all
creation worship the lamb.creation worship the lamb.

Revelation 6 The Lamb opens the ScrollRevelation 6 The Lamb opens the Scroll
Now the action really begins!Now the action really begins!
Structure of Revelation 6-16:Structure of Revelation 6-16:
Seven seals Revelation 6-7
Seven trumpets Revelation 8-9
Seven symbolic creatures Revelation 10-15
Seven bowls Revelation 15-16

The Seven SealsThe Seven Seals
God’s Judgment on the Roman PersecutorsGod’s Judgment on the Roman Persecutors
Revelation 6:1 Come!!! Come see the vision.Revelation 6:1 Come!!! Come see the vision.
Hoofbeats are heard in the distanceHoofbeats are heard in the distance
The Four
Horsemen

The Four HorsemenThe Four Horsemen

Revelation 6 Four HorsemenRevelation 6 Four Horsemen
Seal #1 A rider on a white horse. Jesus comes as aSeal #1 A rider on a white horse. Jesus comes as a
conqueror. A crown and a bow. A Parthian symbol ofconqueror. A crown and a bow. A Parthian symbol of
victory (over Rome)victory (over Rome)
Seal #2 Red horse = War “the power to take peaceSeal #2 Red horse = War “the power to take peace
from the earth.” Represents persecution to the church.from the earth.” Represents persecution to the church.
Seal #3 Black horse = Famine Scale to measure food.Seal #3 Black horse = Famine Scale to measure food.
Oil and wine available: The rich are still doing fine.Oil and wine available: The rich are still doing fine.
Represents financial depravity due to persecution of theRepresents financial depravity due to persecution of the
church.church.
Seal #4 Pale yellow-green horse = Death EzekielSeal #4 Pale yellow-green horse = Death Ezekiel
14:12-20. Represents martyrdom to the church.14:12-20. Represents martyrdom to the church.

Revelation 6 The first six sealsRevelation 6 The first six seals
Q: How do you feel about persecution for preaching theQ: How do you feel about persecution for preaching the
gospel?gospel?
Rev 6:9-11 The fifth sealRev 6:9-11 The fifth seal. Martyrs before the throne of. Martyrs before the throne of
God.God.
How long… before God judges the wicked?How long… before God judges the wicked?
Retribution for God’s people Psalm 94:1-3 Rev 11:7-18Retribution for God’s people Psalm 94:1-3 Rev 11:7-18
Rev 16:5-6Rev 16:5-6
Do you long to see vengeance on God’s enemies?Do you long to see vengeance on God’s enemies?
God’s answer: Rev 6:11 Not yet. There are moreGod’s answer: Rev 6:11 Not yet. There are more
martyrs to follow you.martyrs to follow you.

The Sixth Seal: The Day of the LordThe Sixth Seal: The Day of the Lord
Rev 6:12-17 The sixth seal.Rev 6:12-17 The sixth seal.
Earthquake, sun turns black, moon turns red,Earthquake, sun turns black, moon turns red,
stars fall from the sky, the sky recedes like astars fall from the sky, the sky recedes like a
scroll and the mountains removed. Everyonescroll and the mountains removed. Everyone
hides in caves and among the rocks.hides in caves and among the rocks.
Judgment is coming. The Day of the Lord isJudgment is coming. The Day of the Lord is
here. Hide!here. Hide!
Rev 6:17 Who can stand under this? Answer:Rev 6:17 Who can stand under this? Answer:
Revelation 7!Revelation 7!

Revelation 7Revelation 7
Interlude: The Saints are SealedInterlude: The Saints are Sealed
Four angels hold back the winds. Winds = the action ofFour angels hold back the winds. Winds = the action of
God to judge his enemies. Daniel 7:1God to judge his enemies. Daniel 7:1
An angel from the East.An angel from the East.
The sealing of the 144,000The sealing of the 144,000 Ezekiel 9:1-6Ezekiel 9:1-6
Seal = ownershipSeal = ownership
12 x 12 x 10 x 10 x 10 All of God’s people. Every single12 x 12 x 10 x 10 x 10 All of God’s people. Every single
one!!!one!!!
A multitude no one could count is the same people:A multitude no one could count is the same people:
Those saved from the coming wrath of God.Those saved from the coming wrath of God.

The 144,000 SealedThe 144,000 Sealed
Q: Does this sealing mean that the disciplesQ: Does this sealing mean that the disciples
will escape the suffering brought on by thewill escape the suffering brought on by the
tribulation? (Ezekiel 9:1-6)tribulation? (Ezekiel 9:1-6)
White robes = pure, forgiven, righteousWhite robes = pure, forgiven, righteous
Palm branches = joy The Feast of TabernaclesPalm branches = joy The Feast of Tabernacles
Celebrating salvation and living in aCelebrating salvation and living in a
relationship with God.relationship with God.
Rev 7:10-15 A worship serviceRev 7:10-15 A worship service
An elder: Who are these people? John: YouAn elder: Who are these people? John: You
know!know!
Rev 7:15 God spreads his tabernacle over us.Rev 7:15 God spreads his tabernacle over us.

Revelation 8 & 9 The Seven TrumpetsRevelation 8 & 9 The Seven Trumpets
Rev 8:1 The seventh seal is the sevenRev 8:1 The seventh seal is the seven
trumpetstrumpets
Trumpets:Trumpets:
Warning of impending judgmentWarning of impending judgment
Feast of Trumpets /Yom Teruah /Rosh HashanahFeast of Trumpets /Yom Teruah /Rosh Hashanah
Rabbis: Stay awake all nightRabbis: Stay awake all night
Numbers 10 Sound the warningNumbers 10 Sound the warning
Matthew 25:32-31 1 Thess 4:13-14Matthew 25:32-31 1 Thess 4:13-14
All this applies to Rev Ch 8-9All this applies to Rev Ch 8-9

Revelation 8 Judgment on theRevelation 8 Judgment on the
PersecutorsPersecutors
Rev 8:1 Silence in heaven for ½ hour God is stillRev 8:1 Silence in heaven for ½ hour God is still
holding back his judgment. 2 Pet 3:9 Ezek 33:11holding back his judgment. 2 Pet 3:9 Ezek 33:11
Rev 8:3-5 What are the saints praying for? They areRev 8:3-5 What are the saints praying for? They are
praying for God to take vengeance on the Romanpraying for God to take vengeance on the Roman
persecutors. (Rev 6:10)persecutors. (Rev 6:10)
God’s response: Don’t make the mistake of going afterGod’s response: Don’t make the mistake of going after
my Saints. Rome made a big mistake when she did.my Saints. Rome made a big mistake when she did.
8:5 Thunder, rumblings, lightning and an earthquake.8:5 Thunder, rumblings, lightning and an earthquake.
Judgment is coming!Judgment is coming!

Revelation 8 The First Four TrumpetsRevelation 8 The First Four Trumpets
Rev 8:7 Trumpet #1 Hail, fire and blood Egypt plagueRev 8:7 Trumpet #1 Hail, fire and blood Egypt plague
#7 God goes after the crops of the persecutors of his#7 God goes after the crops of the persecutors of his
saints.saints.
1/3 = a limited judgment1/3 = a limited judgment
Rev 8:8-9 Trumpet #2 Sea turns to blood Plague #1Rev 8:8-9 Trumpet #2 Sea turns to blood Plague #1
God goes after the means of commerce Jer 51:25God goes after the means of commerce Jer 51:25
Rev 8:10-11 Trumpet #3 Wormwood God goes afterRev 8:10-11 Trumpet #3 Wormwood God goes after
the fresh water. Jer 9:15the fresh water. Jer 9:15
Rev 8:12 Trumpet #4 God goes after the heavenlyRev 8:12 Trumpet #4 God goes after the heavenly
objects. Plague #9 Isaiah 34:4-5 Joel 2:10objects. Plague #9 Isaiah 34:4-5 Joel 2:10

Rev 8:13 Woe!Rev 8:13 Woe!
An Eagle saysAn Eagle says
woe, woe, woe.woe, woe, woe.
Three woes areThree woes are
coming (trumpetcoming (trumpet
#5,6,7)#5,6,7)
Trumpet #1-4Trumpet #1-4
Judgments on theJudgments on the
earth. Trumpetearth. Trumpet
#5,6 Judgment on#5,6 Judgment on
peoplepeople

Revelation 9 Trumpet #5,6 Woes!Revelation 9 Trumpet #5,6 Woes!
Rev 9:1-12 Trumpet #5. First of two judgments onRev 9:1-12 Trumpet #5. First of two judgments on
men. Locusts (plague #8)men. Locusts (plague #8)
Fallen Star = Satan who holds the key to the AbyssFallen Star = Satan who holds the key to the Abyss
Locusts = Demons who torment those who do notLocusts = Demons who torment those who do not
worship God.worship God.
Q: Can a Christian be possessed by a demon?Q: Can a Christian be possessed by a demon?
v. 5-6 Their sin will cause the sinful to loathv. 5-6 Their sin will cause the sinful to loath
themselves. Can you relate?themselves. Can you relate?

Trumpet #5 (cont.)Trumpet #5 (cont.)
v. 7-10 Bizarre locusts!!!v. 7-10 Bizarre locusts!!!
Satan is their king!Satan is their king!
Ephesians 2:2 The ruler of theEphesians 2:2 The ruler of the
kingdom of the airkingdom of the air
John 14:30 The prince of thisJohn 14:30 The prince of this
world.world.
Summers: “The locustsSummers: “The locusts
represent the hellishrepresent the hellish
rottenness, the internalrottenness, the internal
decadence in the Romandecadence in the Roman
Empire.”Empire.”

Revelation 9:13-20 Woe #2Revelation 9:13-20 Woe #2
War comes to RomeWar comes to Rome
9:14 bound at the River Euphrates = Parthia:9:14 bound at the River Euphrates = Parthia:
the chief military rival of Rome.the chief military rival of Rome.
Q: Will the church suffer because of thisQ: Will the church suffer because of this
warfare?warfare?
Rev 9:21 A depressing result. Rome did notRev 9:21 A depressing result. Rome did not
repent. It is time for the 7repent. It is time for the 7thth
trumpet and thetrumpet and the
seven bowls!seven bowls!

Revelation 9:13-20 Trumpet #6Revelation 9:13-20 Trumpet #6

Revelation 10:1-11:14Revelation 10:1-11:14
A Second Encouraging InterludeA Second Encouraging Interlude
10:1-2 A very mighty angel with a little scroll10:1-2 A very mighty angel with a little scroll
v. 3 Seven thunders are sealed (ie not heardv. 3 Seven thunders are sealed (ie not heard
for now)for now)
v. 5 Right hand = oathv. 5 Right hand = oath NO MORE DELAYNO MORE DELAY
Judgment is at hand.Judgment is at hand.
v. 9-11 Eat the scrollv. 9-11 Eat the scroll
Tasted sweet (it is God’s word after all!Tasted sweet (it is God’s word after all!
Turned sour in the stomach (bad newsTurned sour in the stomach (bad news
for the saints)for the saints)
Judgment on God’s enemies and trial for God’sJudgment on God’s enemies and trial for God’s
peoplepeople

Rev 11:1-14 Encouraging InterludeRev 11:1-14 Encouraging Interlude
(cont.)(cont.)
God measures the temple courts, but not theGod measures the temple courts, but not the
court of the Gentiles.court of the Gentiles.
God will protect the heart of the church, butGod will protect the heart of the church, but
he will give Rome some freedom to go afterhe will give Rome some freedom to go after
his saints.his saints.
v. 2 The court of the Gentiles will be trampledv. 2 The court of the Gentiles will be trampled
for 42 months. Limited persecution of thefor 42 months. Limited persecution of the
church—allowed by God.church—allowed by God.

3-1/2 Years in the Bible3-1/2 Years in the Bible
1. The period the church will be persecuted Rev 11:21. The period the church will be persecuted Rev 11:2
2. The period during which the two witnesses will2. The period during which the two witnesses will
testify Rev 11:3testify Rev 11:3
3. The period over which the Woman is nourished in3. The period over which the Woman is nourished in
the wilderness Rev 12:6,14the wilderness Rev 12:6,14
4. The period of the Beast’s authority Rev 13:54. The period of the Beast’s authority Rev 13:5
5. The period the little horn persecutes the saints5. The period the little horn persecutes the saints
Daniel 7:25Daniel 7:25
6. The period of the abomination of desolation by6. The period of the abomination of desolation by
Antiochus Ephiphanes Dan 12:11 (1290 days forAntiochus Ephiphanes Dan 12:11 (1290 days for
some reason)some reason)

Rev 11:3-6 The Two WitnessesRev 11:3-6 The Two Witnesses
The two witnesses are the “witness” of theThe two witnesses are the “witness” of the
church during the time of the trampling.church during the time of the trampling.
In sackcloth (there will be much suffering, butIn sackcloth (there will be much suffering, but
they will still witness for me)they will still witness for me)
The two olive trees and the two lampstands:The two olive trees and the two lampstands:
Zechariah 4:12-14 Joshua (priestly authority)Zechariah 4:12-14 Joshua (priestly authority)
and Zerubbabel (civic authority). Zechariahand Zerubbabel (civic authority). Zechariah
4:4-6 The witness of the Holy Spirit.4:4-6 The witness of the Holy Spirit.
v. 5-6 The Church’s testimony will be veryv. 5-6 The Church’s testimony will be very
powerful!!powerful!!

Rev 11:7-12 The Serpent Attacks theRev 11:7-12 The Serpent Attacks the
Church and is Defeated.Church and is Defeated.
v. 7 Some saints will be killed byv. 7 Some saints will be killed by
Domitian/Rome.Domitian/Rome.
v. 8 Sodom/Egypt/Jerusalem = Romev. 8 Sodom/Egypt/Jerusalem = Rome
(Rev 13:7)(Rev 13:7)
v. 9-10 The “world” will gloat over the defeatv. 9-10 The “world” will gloat over the defeat
of the church, but only for 3-1/2 days.of the church, but only for 3-1/2 days.
v. 11-12 But the church will come back,v. 11-12 But the church will come back,
seemingly from the dead. The saints will beseemingly from the dead. The saints will be
victorious.victorious.

Rev 11:13-14 The Third Woe is at HandRev 11:13-14 The Third Woe is at Hand
But first….. Worship service #4 breaksBut first….. Worship service #4 breaks
out in heaven.out in heaven.
v. 18 The time for your wrath to breakv. 18 The time for your wrath to break
out has come.out has come.
v. 19 Hold your breath….v. 19 Hold your breath….

Rev 12 Now We Look Behind the SceneRev 12 Now We Look Behind the Scene
Rev Ch 1-11 Part I The view from theRev Ch 1-11 Part I The view from the
perspective of the church—up front.perspective of the church—up front.
Rev Ch 12-22 Part II The view of matters fromRev Ch 12-22 Part II The view of matters from
the perspective of heaven—behind the scene.the perspective of heaven—behind the scene.
Rev 12:1 A wondrous sign appearedRev 12:1 A wondrous sign appeared in heavenin heaven

The WomanThe Woman
and the Beastand the Beast

Revelation 12:1-3Revelation 12:1-3
A great and wondrous sign.A great and wondrous sign.
Who is the woman?Who is the woman?
She is Israel—about to give birth to the MessiahShe is Israel—about to give birth to the Messiah
She is the Church—about to be persecutedShe is the Church—about to be persecuted
She is God’s kingdom in any of its aspects.She is God’s kingdom in any of its aspects.
Another sign: An enormous red dragon.Another sign: An enormous red dragon.
7 heads (great wisdom)7 heads (great wisdom)
10 horns (very powerful)10 horns (very powerful)
7 crowns (great authority (on the earth at least))7 crowns (great authority (on the earth at least))
Satan! Rome! (Rev 17)Satan! Rome! (Rev 17)

Rev 12:4-6 Satan Goes After the Son and,Rev 12:4-6 Satan Goes After the Son and,
Later, His ChurchLater, His Church
12:4 Satan tries to devour the child when the12:4 Satan tries to devour the child when the
woman (Israel/Mary) gives birth. Herod killswoman (Israel/Mary) gives birth. Herod kills
the children of Bethlehem.the children of Bethlehem.
v. 5 The child “who will rule all the nations” isv. 5 The child “who will rule all the nations” is
snatched up to heaven.snatched up to heaven.
v. 6 The woman (the Church) flees to thev. 6 The woman (the Church) flees to the
desert and is cared for by God for 1260 days.desert and is cared for by God for 1260 days.
Persecuted but protected.Persecuted but protected.

Rev 12:7-17 Spiritual War in Heaven…Rev 12:7-17 Spiritual War in Heaven…
and On Earthand On Earth
12:7-10. Satan is defeated and cast down to12:7-10. Satan is defeated and cast down to
the earth.the earth.
Q: Is this a good thing for the Church?Q: Is this a good thing for the Church?
The result: vicious persecution of the church!The result: vicious persecution of the church!
(12:13)(12:13)
The Devil: Deceiver (9:9) Accuser (9:10)The Devil: Deceiver (9:9) Accuser (9:10)
Q: Which method does Satan use with you?Q: Which method does Satan use with you?

How Do We Overcome the Work of SatanHow Do We Overcome the Work of Satan
in Our Lives? (Rev 12:11)in Our Lives? (Rev 12:11)
1. By the blood of Jesus.1. By the blood of Jesus.
2. By the word of their testimony.2. By the word of their testimony.
Remember the two witnesses.Remember the two witnesses.
3. By our willingness to give up our very3. By our willingness to give up our very
lives rather than worshipping the Beast.lives rather than worshipping the Beast.
They “loved not their lives” Gal 2:20They “loved not their lives” Gal 2:20
Rev 12:14-16 The Church will be protected fromRev 12:14-16 The Church will be protected from
the Serpent 3-1/2 years.the Serpent 3-1/2 years.

Revelation 13 The Two BeastsRevelation 13 The Two Beasts
Rev 13:1 An ominous passage. The dragonRev 13:1 An ominous passage. The dragon
stood on the shore of the sea.stood on the shore of the sea.
Sea = the nations.Sea = the nations.
Rev 13:2 A beast from the sea =Rev 13:2 A beast from the sea = Rome!Rome!
10 heads = Augustus, Tiberius, Claudius,10 heads = Augustus, Tiberius, Claudius,
Caligula, Nero, Galba, Otho, Vitellius,Caligula, Nero, Galba, Otho, Vitellius,
Vespasian and Titus. Daniel 7:7 Rev 17:12Vespasian and Titus. Daniel 7:7 Rev 17:12
7 horns = Augustus, Tiberius, Claudius,7 horns = Augustus, Tiberius, Claudius,
Caligula, Nero, Vespasian and Titus Rev 17:9Caligula, Nero, Vespasian and Titus Rev 17:9

The Beast From the SeaThe Beast From the Sea

The First Eleven Emperors of Rome
The Ten Horns and the Seven Heads
Emperor Dates of Rule Significance to Biblical Events
Augustus 27 BC-14 AD Birth of Christ
Tiberius 14 AD-37 AD Crucifixion of Christ
Gaius
(Caligula)
37 AD-41 AD
Claudius 41 AD-54 AD Jews Exiled from Rome
Nero 54 AD-68 AD First persecutions, Execution of Paul and Peter
Galba 68 AD-69 AD One of the three overcome by Vespasian
Otho 69 AD-70 AD One of the three…
Vitellius 69 AD-70 AD One of the three…
Vespasian 69 AD-79 AD Attack on Jerusalem
Titus 79 AD-81 AD The general who destroyed Jerusalem
Domitian 81 AD-96 AD First Systematic Persecutor of the Church

The Beast From the SeaThe Beast From the Sea
v. 2 The dragon (Satan) gave the beast (Rome) itsv. 2 The dragon (Satan) gave the beast (Rome) its
power to attack the saints.power to attack the saints.
v. 3 One of the heads had a fatal wound (Nero whov. 3 One of the heads had a fatal wound (Nero who
ended the Claudian Dynasty.ended the Claudian Dynasty.
But the wound was healed. (Vespasian started theBut the wound was healed. (Vespasian started the
Flavian Dynasty)Flavian Dynasty)
v. 5-7 Domitian given temporary power over the saintsv. 5-7 Domitian given temporary power over the saints
(42 months) and to make war on the saints.(42 months) and to make war on the saints.
v. 8 Everyone (except the Saints, of course) will worshipv. 8 Everyone (except the Saints, of course) will worship
Domitian. This was literally true.Domitian. This was literally true.
This is very scary for the church!!!!!This is very scary for the church!!!!!

Assurance For the SaintsAssurance For the Saints
v. 8 Those who do not join them and worshipv. 8 Those who do not join them and worship
the beast will have their name written on athe beast will have their name written on a
different list that the Romans kept: Thedifferent list that the Romans kept: The
Lamb’s book of life!!!Lamb’s book of life!!!
v. 9-10 But…. Reality check here…. Somev. 9-10 But…. Reality check here…. Some
who refuse to worship the beast will be put inwho refuse to worship the beast will be put in
jail and some will be killed.jail and some will be killed.
v. 11 This calls for patient endurance of thev. 11 This calls for patient endurance of the
Saints. I would say so!!!Saints. I would say so!!!

Revelation 13:11-18 The Beast Out of theRevelation 13:11-18 The Beast Out of the
EarthEarth
Rev 13:11 Another beast. DomitianRev 13:11 Another beast. Domitian
The eight king of Revelation 17The eight king of Revelation 17
The eleventh horn of Daniel 7 who uprootedThe eleventh horn of Daniel 7 who uprooted
three horns (Galba, Otho and Vitellius)three horns (Galba, Otho and Vitellius)
13:14 An obvious reference to Domitian13:14 An obvious reference to Domitian
13:17 The mark of the beast was not a literal13:17 The mark of the beast was not a literal
mark, but it was an official documentmark, but it was an official document
declaring that you made the sacrificedeclaring that you made the sacrifice
Domitian’s number is 666. He is Satan’s man.Domitian’s number is 666. He is Satan’s man.

Domitian (c. 81-96 AD)
The Beast out of the Earth
666

The Ten HornsThe Ten Horns
Alternately, they may be the ten “client-kings”Alternately, they may be the ten “client-kings”
of Rome who did the dirty work of ruling theof Rome who did the dirty work of ruling the
provinces. Rev. 17:12 supports this.provinces. Rev. 17:12 supports this.
13:17 The mark of the beast was probably not13:17 The mark of the beast was probably not
a literal mark, but it was an official documenta literal mark, but it was an official document
declaring that you made the sacrificedeclaring that you made the sacrifice
Domitian’s number is 666. He is Satan’s man.Domitian’s number is 666. He is Satan’s man.
Q: Is 666 the Antichrist? Almost certainly no.Q: Is 666 the Antichrist? Almost certainly no.
1 John1 John

Rev 13:17 The Mark of the Beast

Revelation 14 The Wine of God’s WrathRevelation 14 The Wine of God’s Wrath
After Rev 12, 13 We need some encouragement.After Rev 12, 13 We need some encouragement.
Rev 14:1-4 The 144,000 who have been sealed.Rev 14:1-4 The 144,000 who have been sealed.
””who have not defiled themselves with women” is aboutwho have not defiled themselves with women” is about
spiritual purity.spiritual purity.
v. 4 the firstfruits of God and the Lamb. The first andv. 4 the firstfruits of God and the Lamb. The first and
best of the harvest for eternity. (1 Cor 15:20,23,best of the harvest for eternity. (1 Cor 15:20,23, Ex 34:26,Ex 34:26,
23:19, Deut 26:9-11.23:19, Deut 26:9-11.))
Rev 14:6-12 The absolute last chance to repent. (as farRev 14:6-12 The absolute last chance to repent. (as far
as God is concerned) Babylon the Great (Rome) hasas God is concerned) Babylon the Great (Rome) has
fallen!fallen!

Revelation 14 Forever and EverRevelation 14 Forever and Ever
Those who worship the beast will:Those who worship the beast will:
1. Drink the wine of God’s fury. (v. 10)1. Drink the wine of God’s fury. (v. 10)
2. Be tormented forever and ever. (11)2. Be tormented forever and ever. (11)
Question: Is this torment literally forever (ieQuestion: Is this torment literally forever (ie
for an infinite amount of time)?for an infinite amount of time)?
v. 12 Conclusion: This calls for patientv. 12 Conclusion: This calls for patient
endurance on the part of the saints (ie to notendurance on the part of the saints (ie to not
offer sacrifice to the Beast (Rome)offer sacrifice to the Beast (Rome)
v. 13 A beatitude: Blessed are those who die in thev. 13 A beatitude: Blessed are those who die in the
Lord from now on. This is not about martyrdom.Lord from now on. This is not about martyrdom.

Rev 14:14-20 Harvest Time Has ComeRev 14:14-20 Harvest Time Has Come
Rev 14:14-16 The harvest of wheat. God’sRev 14:14-16 The harvest of wheat. God’s
people are harvested for eternity.people are harvested for eternity.
Rev 14:17-20 The harvest of grapes. TheRev 14:17-20 The harvest of grapes. The
wicked are harvested. They go to awicked are harvested. They go to a
winepress, with blood up to the bridles of thewinepress, with blood up to the bridles of the
horses.horses.

Revelation 15 & 16 The Seven BowlsRevelation 15 & 16 The Seven Bowls
15:1 Seven angels with seven15:1 Seven angels with seven
bowls.bowls.
15:2 The sea is still there, but it is15:2 The sea is still there, but it is
red and the elders are ON the sea.red and the elders are ON the sea.
Our suffering for Christ brings usOur suffering for Christ brings us
closer to the throne. Coll 1:24 Philcloser to the throne. Coll 1:24 Phil
2:102:10
The sea = the laver (the bronzeThe sea = the laver (the bronze
sea)sea)
The sea = the Red Sea (1 Cor 10:1)The sea = the Red Sea (1 Cor 10:1)
15:2-4 Worship breaks out again!15:2-4 Worship breaks out again! 15:5-8 The Temple

Revelation 16 The Seven BowlsRevelation 16 The Seven Bowls
It is Done!It is Done!
TheThe sixsix seals and theseals and the sixsix trumpets were partial judgment,trumpets were partial judgment,
with the intention of bringing about repentancewith the intention of bringing about repentance
TheThe sevenseven bowls are complete judgment and are intendedbowls are complete judgment and are intended
asas retributionretribution,, notnot asas disciplinediscipline..
Revelation 16:1 God says go!Revelation 16:1 God says go!

The Seven BowlsThe Seven Bowls
First four bowls: Land, sea, fresh water, heavens.First four bowls: Land, sea, fresh water, heavens.
First bowl 16:1-2 “On the land” painful sores (plague #6)First bowl 16:1-2 “On the land” painful sores (plague #6)
Second bowl 16:3 On sea. Dead man’s blood. (plague #1)Second bowl 16:3 On sea. Dead man’s blood. (plague #1)
Third bowl 16:4-7 On fresh water v. 6 Justice.Third bowl 16:4-7 On fresh water v. 6 Justice.
Fourth bowl 16:8-9 On the heavenly objects. RatherFourth bowl 16:8-9 On the heavenly objects. Rather
than repent, they cursed God.than repent, they cursed God.
Fifth bowl 16:10-11 On the beast (Rome). DarknessFifth bowl 16:10-11 On the beast (Rome). Darkness
(plague #9)(plague #9)
Sixth bowl 16:12 dries up the Euphrates—opening theSixth bowl 16:12 dries up the Euphrates—opening the
way for military conquest. “Kings from the East”way for military conquest. “Kings from the East”

Rev 16:13-15 The Seven Bowls (cont.)Rev 16:13-15 The Seven Bowls (cont.)
Rev 16:13. Three “evil spirits that looked like frogs”Rev 16:13. Three “evil spirits that looked like frogs”
They come from the Serpent (Satan), the Beast (civicThey come from the Serpent (Satan), the Beast (civic
Rome) and the False Prophet (religious Rome)Rome) and the False Prophet (religious Rome)
These are lying spirits—demons 2 Thess 2:9-12These are lying spirits—demons 2 Thess 2:9-12
1 Kings 22:19-231 Kings 22:19-23
Rev 16:15 I come like a thief. Be prepared with yourRev 16:15 I come like a thief. Be prepared with your
spiritual clothes. (Matthew 22:11-13, Gal 3:25-26)spiritual clothes. (Matthew 22:11-13, Gal 3:25-26)

Rev 16:16-23 The Final BowlRev 16:16-23 The Final Bowl
v. 17 It is done. This brings the judgment on Rome tov. 17 It is done. This brings the judgment on Rome to
completion.completion.
Bowl #7 On the air (ie on Satan Ephesians 2:2)Bowl #7 On the air (ie on Satan Ephesians 2:2)
v. 16 A war at Har Megiddo.v. 16 A war at Har Megiddo.
1. Israel defeated Jabin Judges 4,51. Israel defeated Jabin Judges 4,5
2. Gideon defeated the Midianites. Judges 7,82. Gideon defeated the Midianites. Judges 7,8
3. Saul defeated by the Philistines.3. Saul defeated by the Philistines.
4. Ahaziah defeated by Hazael and killed by Jehu.4. Ahaziah defeated by Hazael and killed by Jehu.
5. Necho slew Josiah (2 Chron 35:20-25)5. Necho slew Josiah (2 Chron 35:20-25)

ArmageddonArmageddon
A literal battle?A literal battle?
300 million + soldiers300 million + soldiers
Between Parthia and Rome?Between Parthia and Rome?
Rev 16:19 An Earthquake. Rome isRev 16:19 An Earthquake. Rome is
divided and destroyed.divided and destroyed.

Revelation 17 The Woman and the BeastRevelation 17 The Woman and the Beast
Revelation Ch 17-19 The victory of the Lion/LambRevelation Ch 17-19 The victory of the Lion/Lamb
Rev 17:1 The Great Prostitute = Rome Dan 11:36-39Rev 17:1 The Great Prostitute = Rome Dan 11:36-39
Rev 17:3 A woman (the city of Rome) on a beast (theRev 17:3 A woman (the city of Rome) on a beast (the
Roman Empire, including its client kings)Roman Empire, including its client kings)
Purple = corrupt political powerPurple = corrupt political power
Scarlet = bloodScarlet = blood
17:6 Who is the woman? The one who is “drunk with17:6 Who is the woman? The one who is “drunk with
the blood of the saints.”the blood of the saints.”
Rome/Nero/Domitian/Galerian/Decius/DiocletianRome/Nero/Domitian/Galerian/Decius/Diocletian

Who Are the Woman and the Beast?Who Are the Woman and the Beast?
(in case there is any doubt)(in case there is any doubt)
v. 8,10 The beast who was (Nero), now is notv. 8,10 The beast who was (Nero), now is not
(Vespasian), and yet will come (Domitian)(Vespasian), and yet will come (Domitian)
v. 8 He comes from the Abyssv. 8 He comes from the Abyss
v. 9 Seven hills.v. 9 Seven hills. (the Palatine, Aventine, Capitoline,(the Palatine, Aventine, Capitoline,
Caelian, Esquiline, Quirinal, Viminal)Caelian, Esquiline, Quirinal, Viminal)
v. 10 Seven kings.v. 10 Seven kings.
Five have fallen (Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, Nero)Five have fallen (Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, Nero)
One is (Vespasian)One is (Vespasian)
One has not yet come, but will remain for a little while (Titus,One has not yet come, but will remain for a little while (Titus,
who ruled for less than two years).who ruled for less than two years).
v. 11 The eighth king, the one who will yet come. Domitian!v. 11 The eighth king, the one who will yet come. Domitian!

Domitian:Domitian: Nero RedivivusNero Redivivus
Jesus is the resurrected one. His is the eighth day.Jesus is the resurrected one. His is the eighth day.
Sibylene Oracles: Jesus is 888—the resurrected one.Sibylene Oracles: Jesus is 888—the resurrected one.
The eighth king is a resurrection of the head who wasThe eighth king is a resurrection of the head who was
dead.dead.
Tertullian: Domitian was “a limb of the bloody Nero”Tertullian: Domitian was “a limb of the bloody Nero”
v. 11 But do not fear! Domitian is “going to hisv. 11 But do not fear! Domitian is “going to his
destruction.”destruction.”

Rev 17:12-14 The Ten HornsRev 17:12-14 The Ten Horns
Rev 17:12 The ten horns are ten kings-without-a-Rev 17:12 The ten horns are ten kings-without-a-
kingdom.kingdom.
They take their authority from the Beast (Rome)They take their authority from the Beast (Rome)
They will make war against the Lamb (and his saints)They will make war against the Lamb (and his saints)
But do not fear “the Lamb will overcome them becauseBut do not fear “the Lamb will overcome them because
he is Lord of lords and King of kings”he is Lord of lords and King of kings”
v. 16 The Beast and the ten horns who will destroy thev. 16 The Beast and the ten horns who will destroy the
woman—the great city—Rome.woman—the great city—Rome.
This is exactly what happened! God rules the nations!This is exactly what happened! God rules the nations!
Do not fear!Do not fear!

Revelation 18-20:10 The Enemies of GodRevelation 18-20:10 The Enemies of God
and of the Church Are Destroyedand of the Church Are Destroyed
Revelation 18 The Great Prostitute isRevelation 18 The Great Prostitute is
judged and destroyed.judged and destroyed.
Revelation 19 The Beast and the FalseRevelation 19 The Beast and the False
Prophet are judged and destroyed.Prophet are judged and destroyed.
Revelation 20:1-10 The Serpent/SatanRevelation 20:1-10 The Serpent/Satan
is judged and destroyed.is judged and destroyed.

Rev 18:1-8 Fallen is Babylon the GreatRev 18:1-8 Fallen is Babylon the Great
Babylon/The Great Prostitute is Rome in itsBabylon/The Great Prostitute is Rome in its
materialistic aspect. It is “the world” of 1 John 2:15-17materialistic aspect. It is “the world” of 1 John 2:15-17
and James 4:4 as personified in Rome.and James 4:4 as personified in Rome.
Rev 18:4 God’s advice about the world: Come out ofRev 18:4 God’s advice about the world: Come out of
her!her!
Q: Why is “the world” so enticing? Rev 18:3 she madeQ: Why is “the world” so enticing? Rev 18:3 she made
them rich. 1 Jn 2:15-17them rich. 1 Jn 2:15-17
18:6-8 The fate of the world. Advice: Make sure this18:6-8 The fate of the world. Advice: Make sure this
does not apply to you! 1 Cor 11:32.does not apply to you! 1 Cor 11:32.

Revelation 18:9-24 The World is WeepingRevelation 18:9-24 The World is Weeping
Rev 18:9 Crying over the destruction ofRev 18:9 Crying over the destruction of
Babylon/Rome. Why? v. 11-13 Greed! This isBabylon/Rome. Why? v. 11-13 Greed! This is
worldly grief.worldly grief.
Rev 18:15-16 Sad because they lost $$$Rev 18:15-16 Sad because they lost $$$
Rev 18:17-24 This is literally what happenedRev 18:17-24 This is literally what happened
to both the city of Rome and its empire.to both the city of Rome and its empire.
The population dropped from 1.5 million (ADThe population dropped from 1.5 million (AD
120) to about 15 thousand (AD 800)120) to about 15 thousand (AD 800)

The Fall of the Beast and the False ProphetThe Fall of the Beast and the False Prophet
Rev 19:1-5 What are they cheering about?Rev 19:1-5 What are they cheering about?
Justice and vindication.Justice and vindication.
Q: How many times does Hallelujia appear in the Bible?Q: How many times does Hallelujia appear in the Bible?
Rev 19:6-9 Now, what are they cheering about? WeRev 19:6-9 Now, what are they cheering about? We
are getting married to Christ!are getting married to Christ!
2 Cor 11:2 Now we are engaged to Christ.2 Cor 11:2 Now we are engaged to Christ.
19:7 Our fine linen is righteous deeds.19:7 Our fine linen is righteous deeds.
Wearing the right clothes for the banquet: MatthewWearing the right clothes for the banquet: Matthew
22:14 Galatians 3:25-26.22:14 Galatians 3:25-26.
19:9 Right now, we have only been invited. The19:9 Right now, we have only been invited. The
marriage has not yet been consummated.marriage has not yet been consummated.

Revelation 19 (cont)Revelation 19 (cont)
Rev 19:10 An angel refuses worship Jesus does notRev 19:10 An angel refuses worship Jesus does not
refuse worship! Rev 5:9-14, Heb 1:6, John 20:28refuse worship! Rev 5:9-14, Heb 1:6, John 20:28
Rev 19:11-16 Jesus a warrior on a white horse.Rev 19:11-16 Jesus a warrior on a white horse.

Revelation19 (cont)Revelation19 (cont)
Rev 19:14 Who are these soldiers on white horses?Rev 19:14 Who are these soldiers on white horses?
They are us! We are the triumphant army.They are us! We are the triumphant army.
Two banquets:Two banquets:
Rev 19:6-9 The banquet of the lambRev 19:6-9 The banquet of the lamb
Rev 19:17-21 The banquet of vultures.Rev 19:17-21 The banquet of vultures.
The Beast and the False Prophet are judged!The Beast and the False Prophet are judged!
This happened when Rome was judged. The Serpent’sThis happened when Rome was judged. The Serpent’s
judgment will come much later.judgment will come much later.
Rev 19:21 The rest of them…. Those who alliedRev 19:21 The rest of them…. Those who allied
themselves with Rome.themselves with Rome.

The Dragon/Satan is JudgedThe Dragon/Satan is Judged
What is the 1000 year reign/binding of Satan?What is the 1000 year reign/binding of Satan?
What it is not:What it is not:
1. No mention of the second coming of Christ.1. No mention of the second coming of Christ.
2. No mention of Jesus being on the earth.2. No mention of Jesus being on the earth.
3. No mention of a bodily resurrection.3. No mention of a bodily resurrection.
4. No mention of a rapture.4. No mention of a rapture.
5. No mention of people living in modern times5. No mention of people living in modern times
What it is:What it is:
A time of partial binding of Satan’s power on earth ofA time of partial binding of Satan’s power on earth of
unknown but significant length of time which began atunknown but significant length of time which began at
a time near to when John wrote Revelation.a time near to when John wrote Revelation.

v. 2 Satan “chained.” for 1000 years.v. 2 Satan “chained.” for 1000 years.
1000 represents a complete and long time, but1000 represents a complete and long time, but
the actual duration is unknown.the actual duration is unknown.
In what sense was/is Satan bound?In what sense was/is Satan bound?
He certainly was not completely bound!He certainly was not completely bound!
A possible explanation: He no longer has theA possible explanation: He no longer has the
Beast, the False Prophet and the GreatBeast, the False Prophet and the Great
Prostitute to use to attack the saints. (whichProstitute to use to attack the saints. (which
actually happened after AD 325)actually happened after AD 325)

Satan BoundSatan Bound
Rev 20:3 After the 1000 years of binding,Rev 20:3 After the 1000 years of binding,
Satan will be “set free” of the chain “for aSatan will be “set free” of the chain “for a
short time.”short time.”
Rev. 20 implies this “short time” will end withRev. 20 implies this “short time” will end with
the second coming of Jesus.the second coming of Jesus.
Likely interpretation: Satan is still “bound.”Likely interpretation: Satan is still “bound.”
An outburst of state-based persecution ofAn outburst of state-based persecution of
fairly short duration may break out at the endfairly short duration may break out at the end
of time.of time.

Revelation 20:4-7 The First ResurrectionRevelation 20:4-7 The First Resurrection
20:4 Martyrs killed by Domitian or other Roman20:4 Martyrs killed by Domitian or other Roman
persecuting emperors.persecuting emperors.
They are given power to judge. Who will they judge?They are given power to judge. Who will they judge?
Their former persecutors?Their former persecutors?
This “first” (v.5) resurrection is of only the righteous.This “first” (v.5) resurrection is of only the righteous.
Is it a literal resurrection, or is it a symbolicIs it a literal resurrection, or is it a symbolic
resurrection of the saints in triumph over the Romanresurrection of the saints in triumph over the Roman
power and the Beast?power and the Beast?
Was the resurrection in Rev 11:11 a literalWas the resurrection in Rev 11:11 a literal
resurrection? Probably not.resurrection? Probably not.
Historically, the non-literal interpretation worksHistorically, the non-literal interpretation works

The First Resurrection (cont.)The First Resurrection (cont.)
A symbolic resurrection: Ezek 37:1-13 (esp. v. 12)A symbolic resurrection: Ezek 37:1-13 (esp. v. 12)
Rev 20:5 In any case, the vast majority of theRev 20:5 In any case, the vast majority of the
righteous and all the unrighteous will be resurrectedrighteous and all the unrighteous will be resurrected
after the 1000 years. Daniel 12:2after the 1000 years. Daniel 12:2
Don’t miss the main point. Satan is bound and theDon’t miss the main point. Satan is bound and the
martyrs are free!martyrs are free!
Revelation 20:7 A Fast-ForwardRevelation 20:7 A Fast-Forward Similar to Daniel 12:1Similar to Daniel 12:1
End Times Have Arrived.End Times Have Arrived.

Rev 20:7- Rev 22 End TimesRev 20:7- Rev 22 End Times
Rev 20:7 Satan released and goes out to deceive theRev 20:7 Satan released and goes out to deceive the
nations.nations.
Gog (ungodly people) and Magog (ungodly nationsGog (ungodly people) and Magog (ungodly nations
ruled by those ungodly people) attack the church.ruled by those ungodly people) attack the church.
But this lasts for a very short time!But this lasts for a very short time!
20:10 The Devil The Serpent is Destroyed!!! Game20:10 The Devil The Serpent is Destroyed!!! Game
over.over.

Revelation 20:11-15 Judgment DayRevelation 20:11-15 Judgment Day
The Great White ThroneThe Great White Throne

Revelation 20:11-15 Judgment Day andRevelation 20:11-15 Judgment Day and
the Second Death.the Second Death.
Parallel verse: Daniel 12:1-4Parallel verse: Daniel 12:1-4
v. 12 … the dead, both great and small No favoritismv. 12 … the dead, both great and small No favoritism
at final judgment. 1 Pet 1:17at final judgment. 1 Pet 1:17
Two books:Two books:
A book of worksA book of works
The Lamb’s book of lifeThe Lamb’s book of life
v. 14 Death and Hades are destroyed. Good news forv. 14 Death and Hades are destroyed. Good news for
those in heaven. Bad news for those in hell.those in heaven. Bad news for those in hell.
Who goes to the second death? Rev 21:8, 21:27 22:15Who goes to the second death? Rev 21:8, 21:27 22:15

Revelation 21-22 The New JerusalemRevelation 21-22 The New Jerusalem
Rev 21:1-8 Perfect fellowship with GodRev 21:1-8 Perfect fellowship with God
Rev 21:9-26 Perfect protection by GodRev 21:9-26 Perfect protection by God
Rev 22:1-5 Perfect provision with GodRev 22:1-5 Perfect provision with God
Rev 22:6-21 EpilogueRev 22:6-21 Epilogue

Rev 21:1-8 Perfect Fellowship with GodRev 21:1-8 Perfect Fellowship with God
Rev 21:1 No more sea. No more separation at all. FullRev 21:1 No more sea. No more separation at all. Full
and free access to the throne.and free access to the throne.
Especially poignant for John who was separated by theEspecially poignant for John who was separated by the
sea from all he loved.sea from all he loved.
Rev 21:3 The dwelling (tabernacle) of God is with men.Rev 21:3 The dwelling (tabernacle) of God is with men.
How great is that?How great is that?
Rev 21:4 tears wiped away, no more death or pain.Rev 21:4 tears wiped away, no more death or pain.
Q: How can this be? Can there be joy withoutQ: How can this be? Can there be joy without
suffering?suffering?
21:6 You can count on it!21:6 You can count on it!
21:7 Those who overcome—ie those who do not21:7 Those who overcome—ie those who do not
worship the beast will have this!worship the beast will have this!

Revelation 21:9-26 Perfect ProtectionRevelation 21:9-26 Perfect Protection
v. 12 …it had a great, high wall. Well protectedv. 12 …it had a great, high wall. Well protected
With twelve gates. Lots of access.With twelve gates. Lots of access.
v. 15 a measuring rod. Protectionv. 15 a measuring rod. Protection
v. 17 a wall 200 feet thickv. 17 a wall 200 feet thick
v. 21 gates made of pears. The only jewel which isv. 21 gates made of pears. The only jewel which is
formed by pain.formed by pain.
v. 22 no temple in the city. The city is a temple.v. 22 no temple in the city. The city is a temple.
no sun neededno sun needed
Gates never shut. Security.Gates never shut. Security.

Revelation 22:1-6 Perfect ProvisionRevelation 22:1-6 Perfect Provision
Garden metaphor.Garden metaphor.
The Bible begins and ends with a garden—with man inThe Bible begins and ends with a garden—with man in
perfect fellowship with his maker in a garden whereperfect fellowship with his maker in a garden where
every need is supplied by God.every need is supplied by God.
We need water (crystal clear water v. 1), food (twelveWe need water (crystal clear water v. 1), food (twelve
crops of fruit v.2) and health (leaves for healing).crops of fruit v.2) and health (leaves for healing).
v. 3 What will we “do” in heaven? “his servants willv. 3 What will we “do” in heaven? “his servants will
serve him.” We will serve God.serve him.” We will serve God.
In the New Jerusalem we have fellowship, protection,In the New Jerusalem we have fellowship, protection,
provision and an opportunity to serve the God of theprovision and an opportunity to serve the God of the
universe.universe.

Revelation 22:7-21 EpilogueRevelation 22:7-21 Epilogue
Rev 22:7 I am coming soon (in judgment on Rome)Rev 22:7 I am coming soon (in judgment on Rome)
v. 10 Do not seal it up. Publish this book to thev. 10 Do not seal it up. Publish this book to the
churches.churches.
v. 11 An odd statement. Parallel: Daniel 12:10v. 11 An odd statement. Parallel: Daniel 12:10
22:12 I am coming soon. The things in this book will22:12 I am coming soon. The things in this book will
happen soon.happen soon.
22:13 You can count on it!22:13 You can count on it!

Come!Come!
22:17 The Spirit and the Bride say come! An22:17 The Spirit and the Bride say come! An
evangelism passage. Whoever wishes can come too.evangelism passage. Whoever wishes can come too.
22:18-19 Do not add or take away from this prophecy.22:18-19 Do not add or take away from this prophecy.
This would be particularly relevant to apocalypticThis would be particularly relevant to apocalyptic
writing in the first century.writing in the first century.
What is our conclusion? Amen! Come Lord Jesus!What is our conclusion? Amen! Come Lord Jesus!
At the end of Revelation, what do we know?At the end of Revelation, what do we know?
Come what may, Christ is supreme and noCome what may, Christ is supreme and no
power can take from him the victory that ispower can take from him the victory that is
rightfully his.rightfully his.

GOD ALMIGHTY REIGNSGOD ALMIGHTY REIGNS
Vindicates His PeopleVindicates His People

ThroneThrone
♦♦ 41/181 times in Revelations (23%)41/181 times in Revelations (23%)
♦♦ Greek:Greek: θρόνοςθρόνος – to set, judge, have– to set, judge, have
authority,authority, the benchthe bench
♦♦ Rev 1:4-6 -Rev 1:4-6 - Spirits before throneSpirits before throne
- Ruler of the kings of the- Ruler of the kings of the
earthearth
- Judgement. He has freed- Judgement. He has freed
us!us!
- Kingdom of Priests- Kingdom of Priests
(Ex19:3-5)(Ex19:3-5)

Throne ReferencesThrone References
 Rev 3:21 To him whoRev 3:21 To him who
overcomes, will sit withovercomes, will sit with
me on throneme on throne
 Rev 4:2 Throne inRev 4:2 Throne in
heavenheaven
 Rev 4: 5 From throneRev 4: 5 From throne
flashes of thunder andflashes of thunder and
lightninglightning
 Rev 4:10 Set theirRev 4:10 Set their
crowns before thronecrowns before throne
 Rev 5:11 Millions ofRev 5:11 Millions of
angels surround throneangels surround throne
in praisein praise
 Rev 7:9-12 MultitudeRev 7:9-12 Multitude
standing before thronestanding before throne
 Rev 8:3 Incense, prayerRev 8:3 Incense, prayer
of saints, on golden altarof saints, on golden altar
before the thronebefore the throne
 Rev 13:2 Satan has aRev 13:2 Satan has a
throne as wellthrone as well
 Rev 16:10 Satan’sRev 16:10 Satan’s
throne will be judgedthrone will be judged

Why Throne Significant?Why Throne Significant?
 Hebrews 4:14-16 Let us approachHebrews 4:14-16 Let us approach
throne ofthrone of
gracegrace
Ephesians 3:12 Approach God withEphesians 3:12 Approach God with
FreedomFreedom
and confidenceand confidence
Exodus 40:20Exodus 40:20 Atonement coverAtonement cover
over theover the
testimonytestimony

Ark of the CovenantArk of the Covenant

Ancients’ Concept of CherubimAncients’ Concept of Cherubim
Powerful guardians that were part lion, eagle, bull and
man.

Why Cherubim significant?Why Cherubim significant?
 Ez 10:12-18Ez 10:12-18
 V13. Wheels? Take God everywhere toV13. Wheels? Take God everywhere to
reign/judge over His creation.reign/judge over His creation.
 1 Chronicles 28:181 Chronicles 28:18
 Ez 10:19-21Ez 10:19-21
 Rev 11:15-19 Who sat between theRev 11:15-19 Who sat between the
cherubim?cherubim?
 Rev 14:6-7 Emperor worship versus GodRev 14:6-7 Emperor worship versus God
worshipworship
 The religious arm of Rome set up images and demandedThe religious arm of Rome set up images and demanded
emperor worship. The specific agency of Rome was called theemperor worship. The specific agency of Rome was called the
Commune or Concillia. Roman citizen had to burn a pinch ofCommune or Concillia. Roman citizen had to burn a pinch of
incense and say “Ceasar is Lord.” (Ferguson, p.115)incense and say “Ceasar is Lord.” (Ferguson, p.115)

What was inside the Ark?What was inside the Ark?

Altar of IncenseAltar of Incense
 Ex 25:20-21 GodEx 25:20-21 God
sat above thronesat above throne
 Lev 16:13Lev 16:13
 Heb 12:2Heb 12:2
 Luke 1:32Luke 1:32
 Acts 2:30Acts 2:30
 Rev 15:8 WhyRev 15:8 Why
always smoke inalways smoke in
the temple?the temple?
 Hebrews 7:12-Hebrews 7:12-
1919
 Heb 8:1-2Heb 8:1-2

UNVEILINGUNVEILING
““Therefore,Therefore,
brothers, since webrothers, since we
have confidence tohave confidence to
enter the Most Holyenter the Most Holy
Place by the bloodPlace by the blood
of Jesus, by a newof Jesus, by a new
and living wayand living way
opened for usopened for us
through the curtain,through the curtain,
that is,that is, hishis body …body …
let us draw near tolet us draw near to
God with a sincereGod with a sincere
heart in fullheart in full
assurance of faith.”assurance of faith.”
(Hebrews 10:19-(Hebrews 10:19-
22)22)

Tale of 2 CovenantsTale of 2 Covenants
Old CovenantOld Covenant
Exodus 40:20Exodus 40:20
Exodus 25:20-21Exodus 25:20-21
Leviticus 21:23Leviticus 21:23
New CovenantNew Covenant
 Hebrews 4:16Hebrews 4:16
 Hebrews 9:15Hebrews 9:15

Where is God’s throne now?Where is God’s throne now?
Let the peace of ChristLet the peace of Christ rulerule in yourin your heartshearts,,
since as members of one body you were calledsince as members of one body you were called
to peace. And be thankful. Colossians 3:15to peace. And be thankful. Colossians 3:15

The Ark Throne = JudgementThe Ark Throne = Judgement
Video clipVideo clip

Worship before the ThroneWorship before the Throne
 The Old Testament idea is therefore theThe Old Testament idea is therefore the
reverential attitude of mind or body orreverential attitude of mind or body or
both, combined with the more genericboth, combined with the more generic
notions of religions adoration,notions of religions adoration,
obedience, service. (Bible Dictionary)obedience, service. (Bible Dictionary)
 Worship = ServeWorship = Serve
 The enemies of God want to be servedThe enemies of God want to be served
by God instead of serving God.by God instead of serving God.

Apocalyptic Literature/The Book of Revelation

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