The document discusses various techniques for summarizing academic texts. It defines summarizing as reducing the original text size while retaining the main ideas and clearly conveying the author's meaning. Good summarization skills include identifying the thesis and main points, excluding extra details, and combining what remains in a clear and concise way. Specific techniques include using visual aids to represent information, analyzing the text first, paraphrasing rather than using direct quotes, and ensuring the summary is coherent and accurate. Key strategies involve finding the main idea, distinguishing general concepts from examples or details, and identifying repeated or important keywords. Proper summarization follows guidelines for an abstract, such as stating the rationale, research problems, methodology, major findings, and conclusions.
The narrative text describes a family's New Year's Eve dinner that is disrupted when the narrator's father leaves to go to a restaurant instead of having the reunion dinner at home. This upsets the narrator's grandmother. Later, the father returns with a greeting card that explains he went to have dinner with poor children, resolving the misunderstanding and bringing the family together happily for their dinner.
This document provides guidance on using MLA in-text citations. It explains that in-text citations give credit to sources and point to the corresponding works cited entry. It details how to cite sources with single authors, multiple authors, unknown authors, and sources with page numbers. The document also covers citing two works by the same author. The goal is to properly attribute ideas and quotes to their original sources.
There are five main types of expository texts: sequence or time order, listing, compare and contrast, cause and effect, and problem-solution. Sequence or time order presents events in chronological order. Listing explains features of an object or event. Compare and contrast discusses similarities and differences. Cause and effect outlines reasons for events and their effects. Problem-solution discusses a problem and suggests possible solutions.
apresiasi prosa fiksi- angkatan 2000 sampai sekarangAjengIlla
Dokumen tersebut merangkum sejarah dan perkembangan sastra Indonesia pada masa Angkatan 2000, dimulai dari latar belakang lahirnya Angkatan 2000 pada tahun 2000, peristiwa penting yang terjadi, ciri khas karya sastra pada masa itu, jenis sastra yang berkembang seperti sastra cyber, serta ideologi feminisme yang disampaikan dalam karya sastra saat itu.
Teks anekdot adalah cerita pendek yang menarik dan lucu tentang orang penting yang benar-benar terjadi, yang memberikan makna tersurat dari kata dan dialog tokohnya serta makna tersirat dari latar belakang dan nilai didiknya. Teks ini memiliki struktur tertentu.
The document discusses various techniques for summarizing academic texts. It defines summarizing as reducing the original text size while retaining the main ideas and clearly conveying the author's meaning. Good summarization skills include identifying the thesis and main points, excluding extra details, and combining what remains in a clear and concise way. Specific techniques include using visual aids to represent information, analyzing the text first, paraphrasing rather than using direct quotes, and ensuring the summary is coherent and accurate. Key strategies involve finding the main idea, distinguishing general concepts from examples or details, and identifying repeated or important keywords. Proper summarization follows guidelines for an abstract, such as stating the rationale, research problems, methodology, major findings, and conclusions.
The narrative text describes a family's New Year's Eve dinner that is disrupted when the narrator's father leaves to go to a restaurant instead of having the reunion dinner at home. This upsets the narrator's grandmother. Later, the father returns with a greeting card that explains he went to have dinner with poor children, resolving the misunderstanding and bringing the family together happily for their dinner.
This document provides guidance on using MLA in-text citations. It explains that in-text citations give credit to sources and point to the corresponding works cited entry. It details how to cite sources with single authors, multiple authors, unknown authors, and sources with page numbers. The document also covers citing two works by the same author. The goal is to properly attribute ideas and quotes to their original sources.
There are five main types of expository texts: sequence or time order, listing, compare and contrast, cause and effect, and problem-solution. Sequence or time order presents events in chronological order. Listing explains features of an object or event. Compare and contrast discusses similarities and differences. Cause and effect outlines reasons for events and their effects. Problem-solution discusses a problem and suggests possible solutions.
apresiasi prosa fiksi- angkatan 2000 sampai sekarangAjengIlla
Dokumen tersebut merangkum sejarah dan perkembangan sastra Indonesia pada masa Angkatan 2000, dimulai dari latar belakang lahirnya Angkatan 2000 pada tahun 2000, peristiwa penting yang terjadi, ciri khas karya sastra pada masa itu, jenis sastra yang berkembang seperti sastra cyber, serta ideologi feminisme yang disampaikan dalam karya sastra saat itu.
Teks anekdot adalah cerita pendek yang menarik dan lucu tentang orang penting yang benar-benar terjadi, yang memberikan makna tersurat dari kata dan dialog tokohnya serta makna tersirat dari latar belakang dan nilai didiknya. Teks ini memiliki struktur tertentu.
The document discusses finding credible sources for research. It emphasizes that using multiple perspectives from a variety of reliable sources helps develop a well-rounded argument. Primary sources are original works, while secondary sources analyze or discuss primary sources. The document cautions against solely using Google, Wikipedia, or top search results, as these may not always be trustworthy. It provides tips for evaluating websites like checking the author's credentials, date of publication, and presence of biases. Databases through the school are presented as a better option than open web searches, as they only contain vetted, credible sources.
This document discusses different types of figurative language such as metaphor, simile, personification, hyperbole, and idioms. It provides examples and definitions for each type. Metaphors directly compare two things, stating that one thing is the other. Similes use like or as to compare two unlike things. Personification gives human qualities to non-human things. Hyperboles exaggerate for effect. Idioms are phrases with meanings different from the literal words. The document aims to explain these figurative language techniques.
This document outlines the typical plot structure and elements of a story using the Pixar film "Finding Nemo" as an example. It identifies the five main elements as: 1) Exposition, which introduces characters and the central conflict. 2) Rising Action, where an inciting incident increases suspense. 3) Climax, the turning point where the main character faces the central conflict. 4) Falling Action, where loose ends are tied up after the climax. 5) Resolution, which brings the story to a reasonable conclusion. Examples from "Finding Nemo" are provided for each element to illustrate how it follows this classic plot diagram.
The document provides guidance on writing a persuasive essay. It explains that a persuasive essay takes a position for or against an issue to convince the reader. It should use sound reasoning and evidence from credible sources. When planning a persuasive essay, the writer should choose a position, analyze the audience, research the topic, and structure the essay. The introduction should grab the reader's attention and state the thesis. The body paragraphs should each present a reason to support the thesis and consider opposing viewpoints. The conclusion should restate the thesis and main points and call the reader to action.
Dokumen tersebut berisi tentang penggunaan bahasa pada teks deskripsi, termasuk struktur kalimat perincian, penggunaan kalimat panca indra, penggunaan awalan meN-, kata depan, kata khusus, sinonim, dan majas. Dokumen tersebut juga memberikan contoh-contoh dan tugas mengenai unsur-unsur bahasa yang digunakan pada teks deskripsi.
This document provides guidance on formatting a Works Cited page in MLA style. It explains that a Works Cited page lists all sources used in a paper and is formatted with the heading "Works Cited" centered at the top of the page. Sources are alphabetized and include the author's name, title, publisher, and date. Basic citation formats are provided for books, periodicals, websites, speeches, interviews, and movies. The document emphasizes giving proper credit to all sources used.
This document defines theme and discusses how themes are expressed in literary works. It states that a theme is the main idea or underlying meaning of a work and can be either stated or implied. Major themes are important ideas an author returns to, while minor themes appear occasionally. A work's subject is its topic, but its theme makes a statement about that topic. Themes are expressed through how an author makes readers feel, characters' thoughts and conversations, the main character's development, and meaningful story events and actions. Common themes include revenge, love, family, friendship, and acceptance.
The document discusses the concept of theme in literary works. A theme is the main idea or underlying meaning, which can be stated or implied. It differs from the subject or topic by making a statement about the topic. Themes can be major, returning throughout a work, or minor. While the subject is the topic, the theme expresses an opinion on that topic. Themes are conveyed through how the author makes the reader feel, thoughts and conversations of characters, the main character, and the actions in the story.
The document discusses the results of a study on the impact of COVID-19 lockdowns on air pollution. The study found that lockdowns led to significant short-term reductions in nitrogen dioxide and fine particulate matter pollution globally as human activity declined. However, the improvements were temporary and air quality returned to pre-pandemic levels as restrictions eased and activity increased again.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise stimulates the production of endorphins in the brain which can help alleviate feelings of stress or sadness.
The document discusses finding credible sources for research. It emphasizes that using multiple perspectives from a variety of reliable sources helps develop a well-rounded argument. Primary sources are original works, while secondary sources analyze or discuss primary sources. The document cautions against solely using Google, Wikipedia, or top search results, as these may not always be trustworthy. It provides tips for evaluating websites like checking the author's credentials, date of publication, and presence of biases. Databases through the school are presented as a better option than open web searches, as they only contain vetted, credible sources.
This document discusses different types of figurative language such as metaphor, simile, personification, hyperbole, and idioms. It provides examples and definitions for each type. Metaphors directly compare two things, stating that one thing is the other. Similes use like or as to compare two unlike things. Personification gives human qualities to non-human things. Hyperboles exaggerate for effect. Idioms are phrases with meanings different from the literal words. The document aims to explain these figurative language techniques.
This document outlines the typical plot structure and elements of a story using the Pixar film "Finding Nemo" as an example. It identifies the five main elements as: 1) Exposition, which introduces characters and the central conflict. 2) Rising Action, where an inciting incident increases suspense. 3) Climax, the turning point where the main character faces the central conflict. 4) Falling Action, where loose ends are tied up after the climax. 5) Resolution, which brings the story to a reasonable conclusion. Examples from "Finding Nemo" are provided for each element to illustrate how it follows this classic plot diagram.
The document provides guidance on writing a persuasive essay. It explains that a persuasive essay takes a position for or against an issue to convince the reader. It should use sound reasoning and evidence from credible sources. When planning a persuasive essay, the writer should choose a position, analyze the audience, research the topic, and structure the essay. The introduction should grab the reader's attention and state the thesis. The body paragraphs should each present a reason to support the thesis and consider opposing viewpoints. The conclusion should restate the thesis and main points and call the reader to action.
Dokumen tersebut berisi tentang penggunaan bahasa pada teks deskripsi, termasuk struktur kalimat perincian, penggunaan kalimat panca indra, penggunaan awalan meN-, kata depan, kata khusus, sinonim, dan majas. Dokumen tersebut juga memberikan contoh-contoh dan tugas mengenai unsur-unsur bahasa yang digunakan pada teks deskripsi.
This document provides guidance on formatting a Works Cited page in MLA style. It explains that a Works Cited page lists all sources used in a paper and is formatted with the heading "Works Cited" centered at the top of the page. Sources are alphabetized and include the author's name, title, publisher, and date. Basic citation formats are provided for books, periodicals, websites, speeches, interviews, and movies. The document emphasizes giving proper credit to all sources used.
This document defines theme and discusses how themes are expressed in literary works. It states that a theme is the main idea or underlying meaning of a work and can be either stated or implied. Major themes are important ideas an author returns to, while minor themes appear occasionally. A work's subject is its topic, but its theme makes a statement about that topic. Themes are expressed through how an author makes readers feel, characters' thoughts and conversations, the main character's development, and meaningful story events and actions. Common themes include revenge, love, family, friendship, and acceptance.
The document discusses the concept of theme in literary works. A theme is the main idea or underlying meaning, which can be stated or implied. It differs from the subject or topic by making a statement about the topic. Themes can be major, returning throughout a work, or minor. While the subject is the topic, the theme expresses an opinion on that topic. Themes are conveyed through how the author makes the reader feel, thoughts and conversations of characters, the main character, and the actions in the story.
The document discusses the results of a study on the impact of COVID-19 lockdowns on air pollution. The study found that lockdowns led to significant short-term reductions in nitrogen dioxide and fine particulate matter pollution globally as human activity declined. However, the improvements were temporary and air quality returned to pre-pandemic levels as restrictions eased and activity increased again.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise stimulates the production of endorphins in the brain which can help alleviate feelings of stress or sadness.
2. 주(註)와 참고문헌
◆ 주(註): 인용한 정보의 근거, 부가적인 정보의 제시, 상호참조를
통해서 자신의 논술에 대한 정당함을 밝히는 것
◆ 참고문헌: 참고한 문헌의 안내 및 서지사항 제시, 부가적인 독서범위
제시, 논문의 객관성 인정 기초(최신 문헌)
3. 주(註)의 형식
◆ 서지주: 전문적, 학술적인 중요한 사실을 문헌을 참고하여 논술하였을 때
인용한 문헌을 밝히는 것
◆ 해설주: 본문의 서술에 있어서 특별한 용어나 사실에 대하여 본문에
서술하는 것이 적합하지 않을 경우 부가적으로 설명하는 것
`
◆ 상호참조주: 논문 내의 다른 장이나 면수의 논술 내용과 도표 등이
부분적으로 중복되거나 관계 있는 것을 상호참조 할 수 있도록 설명하는 것
4. ◆ 각주(脚註): 본문에 주의 번호를 표시, 본문 하단에 주의 번호와 일치하는
인용한 문헌의 서지사항 기재
◆ 내주(內註): 본문에 '저자명, 발행년, 인용면수'등을 ( )에 묶어 기재
◆ 후주(後註): 본문에 주의 번호를 표시, 논문의 뒷 부분에 주 번호와 일치하
는 자료의 서지사항을 각주와 참고문헌을 혼합한 형식으로 기재
◆ 내주와 각주의 병용: 내주는 서지주, 각주는 해설주 또는 상호참조주
주(註)의 종류
5. APA style 기본 인용 양식
구분 본문에서 첫 인용 본문에서 그 이후 인용
소괄호 형태,
본문에서 첫 인용
소괄호 형태,
본문에서 그 이후 인용
단독저자의
단일 저작물
Edward (2016) Edward (2016) (Edward, 2016) (Edward, 2016)
저자 2인의
단일 저작물
Edward and Adams (2016) Edward and Adams (2016) (Edward & Adams, 2016) (Edward & Adams, 2016)
저자 3 ~5인의
단일 저작물
Edward, Adams , Cambell,
and James (2016)
Edward et al. (2016)
(Edward, Adams, Cambell, &
James, 2016)
(Edward et al., 2016)
저자 6인 이상의
단일 저작물
Edward et al. (2016) Edward et al. (2016) (Edward et al., 2016) (Edward et al., 2016)
저자로서의 집단
(약자 사용 가능)
National Institute of Mental
Health (NIMH, 2003)
NIMH(2003)
(National Institute of Mental
Health [NIMH], 2003)
(NIMH, 2003)
저자로서의 집단
(약자 없음)
University of Keimyung (2016) University of Keimyung (2016) (University of Keimyung, 2016) (University of Keimyung, 2016)
6. 본문 내 인용
1인 저서 : 인용문에 저자명이 포함된 경우
- 김계명(2001)이 개발한 시스템에 따르면…., ← 자료전체 인용(주로 선행연구)
- 저자명이 인용문의 앞: Edward(1975, p. 29)은 “유전학은......이다.” ← 부분 인용, 문장 앞
- 저자명이 인용문의 뒤: “소설의 특성은.........이다”라고 김계명은 주장하고 있다(2005, p. 55).
발행연도, 가능하다면 페이지까지 포함
7. 2인 공저서: 인용문에 저자명이 포함된 경우
- Gide와 Rist(1994, p.31)는 ...
... (Gide & Rist, 1994, p. 31).
- 김계명과 박진리(2003)는 ...
... (김계명, 박진리, 2003)
본문에서 2인 저자를 ‘와’로 연결하고 문장 밖에 내주를 ( )에 표시할 때
‘,’ 로 연결하고 외국문헌의 경우에는 &를 사용함
본문 내 인용
8. 3~5인 공저서: 인용문에 저자명이 포함된 경우
- 김계명, 박진리, 이정의, 최사랑, 김동산(1999)이 지적한 ... ← 첫 번째 인용 (문헌 전체 인용)
- 김계명 등(1999)에 의하면 ... ← 두 번째 이후 인용
- ... 말하였다(Edward, Adams, Cambell, & James, 1977). ← 첫 번째
- ... 주장하였다(Edward et al., 1977). ← 두 번째 이후
처음 인용할 때에만 모든 연구자의 이름을 표시하고, 두 번째 인용부터는 첫 저자의 이름만 적고
국내문헌은 등, 외국문헌은 et al. 이라고 표기함
본문 내 인용
9. 6인 공저서: 인용문에 저자명이 포함된 경우
- 김계명 등(1999)이 지적한 ... ← 첫 번째 인용부터 (문헌 전체 인용)
- 김계명, 박진리 등(1999)에 의하면 ...... ← 첫 저자명이 동일한 다른 문헌이 인용되어 이들이 서로
다른 문헌임을 구분해야 할 경우 두 문헌을 구별하는데 필요한 만큼까지 저자명을 더 기입함
처음 인용 때부터 저자의 이름을 모두 표기하지 않고
첫 저자의 이름만 기입하고 등(국내문헌) 또는 et al.(외국문헌)을 표기함
본문 내 인용
10. 단체의 저서: 인용문에 단체명이 포함된 경우
- 정신문화연구원(정문연, 1999)은 ..... ← 첫 번째 인용
정문연(1999, p.14)은........... ← 두 번째부터의 인용(약칭 사용)
- National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH, 1991)..... ← 첫 번째 인용
NIMH (1991, pp.37-38) ....... ← 두 번째부터의 인용 (약칭 사용)
처음 인용은 완전한 기관명을 표시하고 두 번째 인용부터는 생략된 약어 사용 가능
본문 내 인용
11. 인용문에 저자명이 포함되지 않은 경우
- "아름다움을 만들어 가는 활동 속에서 인간의 정서는 결정처럼 아름다운 틀을 이룩하는 것" (Read,
1999, p.141)이라 한다면...
- 비만발생과 관련된 주요 요인으로 간주되고 있는 렙틴호르몬(김기중, 1999, p.32)은...
- 이 주장은 ...한 점에서 일치하고 있다(West & Sandler, 2000, pp.30-41).
인용문에 저자명이 포함되지 않은 경우에는 저자명을 포함하여 표기함
본문 내 인용
12. 저자명과 자료명이 함께 인용된 경우
- 김계명은 목록조직의 실제(pp. 25-70)에서 그 예를 제시하고 있다. ← 부분인용
- 브리태니커 백과사전(11판)에서는 이 문제를... 라고 했다(백과사전, 사전 등은 쪽수 생략)
- McRae는 그의 저서 The Literature of Science (p.270) 에서 이러한 경향의 다양한 실례를
보여주고 있다.
저자명과 자료명이 함께 인용된 경우에는 페이지 혹은 판차를 표기함
본문 내 인용
13. 한 저자의 두 개 이상 저작을 인용한 경우
- “….는 특정 개념을 나타내기 위한 언급이다”(이상훈, 1994a, p.34).
- 한국 석탑의 형식을 구분하기 위한 제안이었다(이상훈, 2001, pp.213-214)
- “.....는 탑의 변천과정에서 필연적으로 나타난다”(이상훈, 1994b, p.33).
동일 연도의 자료는 연도에 a, b로 표기함(연도가 다를 경우 자동으로 식별됨)
본문 내 인용
14. ◆ 단행본
내주
Coleman(2000, p.22)은…
(Coleman, 2000, p.22).
기재 방법
저자명 (역할어). (발행년). 표제:부표제(역할을 달리한 저자) (판차, 권차). 발행지: 발생사.
Author, A. A. (year of publication). Title of book. Location of publication: Publisher.
참고문헌
Coleman, R. E. (2000). 천상의 노래: 요한계시록 강해 (석창훈 옮김). 서울: 두란노. (원서출판
2000).
참고문헌 Ibn Abdulaziz, T. (2004). Classic experiments in psychology. Westport, CT: Greenwood.
참고문헌 작성 예시
15. 참고문헌 작성 예시
◆ 학위논문
내주
(김기원, 1992, p.65).
(Jackson, 1984).
기재 방법
연구자. (수여연도). 논문명 (학위명). 수여기관명, 소재지.
Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of thesis or dissertation (Unpublished Doctoral
dissertation or Master's thesis). Name of Institution, Location.
참고문헌
김기원. (1992). 관여도에 따른 광고에 대한 태도변인의 타당도 검증 (석사학위논문). 계명대학교 대
학원. 대구.
참고문헌
Jackson, J. B. (1984). Discovering the vernacular landscape. Unpublished doctoral
dissertation, University of Missouri, Columbia.
16. 참고문헌 작성 예시
◆ 정부간행물
내주
(행정자치부, 1999, p. 38).
(Dept. of Labor, 1988, pp. 22-40).
기재 방법
저자명(역할어). (보고서발행년). 표제(보고서 번호). 발행지: 발행사.
Author, A. A. (year of publication). Title of publication (Report number). Retrieved from
'website address' or publisher information
참고문헌 행정자치부. (1999). 정부의전편람. 서울: 행정자치부.
참고문헌 Dept. of Labor. (1988). Child care: A workforce issue. Washington, DC: GPO.
17. 참고문헌 작성 예시
◆ 연속간행물(학술지)
내주
김성희, 이수연(2000, pp.22-23)은 ...
(Kaplan, 1947, p.302).
기재 방법
연구자명. (발행년). 논문명. 자료명(발행단체명), 권(호), 논문수록면수.
Author, A. A. (year of publication). Title of article. Journal Title, volume number(issue
number), page–page. doi:xxxx
참고문헌 김성희, 이수연. (2000). 데이터마이닝기법 검색 엔진. 한국도서관 정보학회지, 31(4), 22-23.
참고문헌
Kaplan, L. (1947). The early history of reference service in the United States. Library Review,
83(3), 289-311.
18. 참고문헌 작성 예시
◆ 신문기사
내주
(김철수, 1995).
(“New drug,” 1993). * 기사명에 대한 내주는 인용부호로 식별될 수 있는 사항까지 간략히 기재함
기재 방법
저자. (연월일). 제목. 신문명, 면수.
Author, A. A. (year, month date of publication). Title of article. Newspaper Title, page–
page.
참고문헌 김철수. (1995년 10월 3일). 교수급여의 현실과 개선방향. 교수신문, pp.1, 4-5.
참고문헌
New drug appears shaply cut risk of death from heart failure. (1993, July 15). The Washing
Post, pp.A12, A15.
19. 참고문헌 작성 예시
◆ 전자문서(웹 문서)
내주
(보건복지부, 연도미상).
(Nielsen, n.d.).
기재 방법
저자명. (발행년). 저작물의 제목. 자료검색 연월일.
Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work. Retrieved from URL
참고문헌
보건복지부. (연도미상). 의약분업 실시에 따른 영향분석 설명자료. 2000년 6월 25일 검색,
http://www.mohw.go.kr
참고문헌
Nielsen, M. E. (n.d.). Notable people in psychology of religion. Retrieved August 3, 2001,
from http://www.psywww.com/psyrelig/psyrelpr.htm
