Its an approach how resistance from microorganism takes place.

1. Presented by:
Shubham Sharma
B.Pharmacy 7TH sem,
Pt. R.S.U
Resistance future of antibiotics !

2. INTRODUCTION
ANTIBIOTICS are those class of medicines which are used either
to eradicate or inhibit micro organism growth.
ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE is a mechanism adopted by micro
organism to inhibit or reduce its efficacy.
MIC i.e minimum inhibitory concentration, lowest concentration
of antibiotics required to inhibit micro organism growth.
Zone of inhibition

3. HISTORY
 Since the first use of antibiotics in the 1930s
and 1940s, bacteria quickly adapted and
developed mechanisms to escape their effects
 Over the following decades, new antibiotics
were developed to overcome resistance
 Since the 1990s, new antibiotic development
has fallen sharply while bacterial resistance
continues to increase
 Even MDT(Multi drug therapy) effectiveness
was of no stand against the resistance.

4. ANTIBIOTIC MECHANISMS

5. MECHANISMS OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE
Decreased
Permeability
1. Tolerance to drug
a) Loss of affinity of target molecule:
Penicillin, Rifampicin
b) Acquisition of alternative metabolic
pathway:
Sulphonamide
2. Destruction by enzyme :
b-lactamase antibiotics, Tetracycline
3. Impermeability to drug
a) Decrease access in bacterial cell :
Chloroquine, Aminoglycosides
b) Active efflux:
Fluroquinolones, Erythromycin

6. Mechanism Antibiotic Resistance
Intrinsic (Natural) Acquired
Genetic Methods
Chromosomal Methods
Mutations
Extra chromosomal Methods
Conjugation,
Transformation and
transduction

8. PREVENTION
 Detection of resistance as early as possible.
 Prevent chances of super infection.
 Multi drug therapy should be used.
 Use of narrow spectrum antibiotic should be promoted.
 Incomplete treatment should be hampered.
 Proper detection of responsible micro organism for disease,
and specific treatment for its cure.