This document provides biographical information about two artists: Melchior d'Hondecoeter and Franz Marc.
Melchior d'Hondecoeter was a 17th century Dutch painter known for his paintings of birds in landscapes. He came from a family of artists and painted exotic birds throughout his career. Franz Marc was a 20th century German painter and was one of the founders of the Der Blaue Reiter art movement. He incorporated vivid colors and spiritual themes in his paintings of animals. Tragically, Franz Marc died in World War I at the age of 36, but not before creating influential Expressionist works.
John Frederick Lewis - Mirage of the OrientJerry Daperro
John Frederick Lewis (London 1805 – Walton-on-Thames 1876) English Painter. He studied art under his father who was a distinguished engraver, Christian Frederick Lewis. He was trained under Sir Thomas Lawrence as an animal painter.
He exhibited in the British Institute in 1820 and the British Academy in the following year. He visited Switzerland and Italy in 1824. in 1932-34, he lived Spain and Morocco. As a result he published a series of lithographs on Moorish architecture, that established him as an serious artist. In 1837, he visited Paris and Rome. In 1840, he went to Greece. Turkey and the Middle East.
In 1841 he settle down in Cairo, at the Egypt was part of the Ottoman Empire. He lived there for 10 years an adopted an Egyptian ways of life, even dressed in tradition costumes and turben. During his stay, he painted the Egyptian ways of life, with authenticity. In 1947 he married to Marian Harper, who appeared in many of his painting dressing in ‘Turkified European’, living amongst the Egyptian.
When he return to England, he became the president of the Old Watercolour, a post he held for 8-9 years. He became a full member of the Royal Academy and exhibited there regularly. In 1876 he died in Walton-on-Thames at the age of 72.
This document provides biographical information about the English landscape painter David Cox (1783-1859). It discusses his apprenticeship and early career as a miniature painter and theatre scene painter in Birmingham. It describes how Cox moved to London and struggled as a freelance painter. It highlights how Cox admired JMW Turner and subscribed to his Liber Studiorum prints despite his poverty. The document also discusses Cox's time living in Norwich and involvement with the Norwich School of painters, as well as his later return to Birmingham where he suffered declining health in the late 1850s.
Charles Saatchi is an art collector known for sponsoring the Young British Artists (YBA) group through exhibitions at his Saatchi Gallery. Key YBA artists featured include Damien Hirst, Tracey Emin, Chris Ofili, and Rachel Whiteread. Their works often dealt with controversial social issues and helped the YBA artists gain widespread fame and recognition. Another important artist featured is Sam Taylor-Wood, known for her photographic self-portraits and films exploring themes of emotion, the human body, and movement.
Some of the most stunning pieces of art are also the most controversial. Do you ever wonder what on earth an artist was thinking when they came up with it? Whether controversy is created by the scandalous subject of the artwork, by the artist's interpretation or by a simple misunderstanding, it can be quite stirring.
Check out these conversation starters from a wide range of artists across history and present day. Bet we can shock you.
The National Gallery of Ireland founded in 1854 houses an impressive collection of over 15,000 artworks. Spanning the history of western European art from around 1300 to the present day, the collection includes well-known artist from Mantegna and Titian to Monet and Picasso, including various schools and era.
Caravaggio was one of the most extraordinary characters in the history of art. He was the prototype of the turbulent Bohemian artist, his explosive personality helping to obscure the traditional elements of his paintings. His dramatic use of light and shade and uncompromising realism creating a new pictorial vocabulary for European art. From c1599 he drew on High Renaissance and even antique models, with his decorum defying realism. His influence was indeed greatest on artists in areas of Flemish artistic ascendancy. It is almost impossible to overestimate the influence of Caravaggio.
He was not only the most powerful and influential Italian painter of the 17C, but also one of the prototypes of the idea of the artist as a rebel outside the normal conventions of society, punctuated by disputes with patrons about his unconventional treatment of religious themes. Caravaggio was one of the few real revolutionaries who really changed the history of painting. His aggressively realistic and dramatically lit paintings swept away the remains of the late Renaissance Mannerist style. He marked the beginning of the Baroque painting. Fiercely original Caravaggio had left us a basket of rotting fruits and an aging Madonna that no artist had followed.
Joseph Turner was an English painter born in 1775 who is famous for his oil paintings, particularly "Rain, Steam, and Speed - The Great Western Railway" which depicted a railway scene and was exhibited in 1844. Arthur Conan Doyle was a Scottish writer born in 1859 who is most famous for creating the character Sherlock Holmes and writing detective stories about his adventures. William Shakespeare was an English poet and playwright born in 1564 who is renowned for his poems and plays and is considered one of the greatest writers in the English language.
National Gallery of Scotland, Edinburugh Jerry Daperro
The National Gallery Scotland is one of the finest in the world. It has a comprehensive collection including works by Italian, French, Flemish & Dutch masters. Its collections covered all the major developments in European paintings between the 15th and the 19h century. Also it includes a rich collection of Scottish paintings. It is a home of Scottish art and painting. The gallery is situated in the heart of Edinburgh. The gallery is also benefit from the exchange program of paintings with the National Gallery London. The gallery is well worth a visit.
Within its elegant neoclassical exterior designed by William Henry Playfair, are housed works by the greatest names in Western art including Raphael, Titian, El Greco, Veazquez, Rembrandt, Rubens, Watteau, Tiepolo, Canova and many of the Impressionists and Post impressionists. The Gallery also contains the most comprehensive collection of Scttish art from the 11C to the 19C.
John Frederick Lewis - Mirage of the OrientJerry Daperro
John Frederick Lewis (London 1805 – Walton-on-Thames 1876) English Painter. He studied art under his father who was a distinguished engraver, Christian Frederick Lewis. He was trained under Sir Thomas Lawrence as an animal painter.
He exhibited in the British Institute in 1820 and the British Academy in the following year. He visited Switzerland and Italy in 1824. in 1932-34, he lived Spain and Morocco. As a result he published a series of lithographs on Moorish architecture, that established him as an serious artist. In 1837, he visited Paris and Rome. In 1840, he went to Greece. Turkey and the Middle East.
In 1841 he settle down in Cairo, at the Egypt was part of the Ottoman Empire. He lived there for 10 years an adopted an Egyptian ways of life, even dressed in tradition costumes and turben. During his stay, he painted the Egyptian ways of life, with authenticity. In 1947 he married to Marian Harper, who appeared in many of his painting dressing in ‘Turkified European’, living amongst the Egyptian.
When he return to England, he became the president of the Old Watercolour, a post he held for 8-9 years. He became a full member of the Royal Academy and exhibited there regularly. In 1876 he died in Walton-on-Thames at the age of 72.
This document provides biographical information about the English landscape painter David Cox (1783-1859). It discusses his apprenticeship and early career as a miniature painter and theatre scene painter in Birmingham. It describes how Cox moved to London and struggled as a freelance painter. It highlights how Cox admired JMW Turner and subscribed to his Liber Studiorum prints despite his poverty. The document also discusses Cox's time living in Norwich and involvement with the Norwich School of painters, as well as his later return to Birmingham where he suffered declining health in the late 1850s.
Charles Saatchi is an art collector known for sponsoring the Young British Artists (YBA) group through exhibitions at his Saatchi Gallery. Key YBA artists featured include Damien Hirst, Tracey Emin, Chris Ofili, and Rachel Whiteread. Their works often dealt with controversial social issues and helped the YBA artists gain widespread fame and recognition. Another important artist featured is Sam Taylor-Wood, known for her photographic self-portraits and films exploring themes of emotion, the human body, and movement.
Some of the most stunning pieces of art are also the most controversial. Do you ever wonder what on earth an artist was thinking when they came up with it? Whether controversy is created by the scandalous subject of the artwork, by the artist's interpretation or by a simple misunderstanding, it can be quite stirring.
Check out these conversation starters from a wide range of artists across history and present day. Bet we can shock you.
The National Gallery of Ireland founded in 1854 houses an impressive collection of over 15,000 artworks. Spanning the history of western European art from around 1300 to the present day, the collection includes well-known artist from Mantegna and Titian to Monet and Picasso, including various schools and era.
Caravaggio was one of the most extraordinary characters in the history of art. He was the prototype of the turbulent Bohemian artist, his explosive personality helping to obscure the traditional elements of his paintings. His dramatic use of light and shade and uncompromising realism creating a new pictorial vocabulary for European art. From c1599 he drew on High Renaissance and even antique models, with his decorum defying realism. His influence was indeed greatest on artists in areas of Flemish artistic ascendancy. It is almost impossible to overestimate the influence of Caravaggio.
He was not only the most powerful and influential Italian painter of the 17C, but also one of the prototypes of the idea of the artist as a rebel outside the normal conventions of society, punctuated by disputes with patrons about his unconventional treatment of religious themes. Caravaggio was one of the few real revolutionaries who really changed the history of painting. His aggressively realistic and dramatically lit paintings swept away the remains of the late Renaissance Mannerist style. He marked the beginning of the Baroque painting. Fiercely original Caravaggio had left us a basket of rotting fruits and an aging Madonna that no artist had followed.
Joseph Turner was an English painter born in 1775 who is famous for his oil paintings, particularly "Rain, Steam, and Speed - The Great Western Railway" which depicted a railway scene and was exhibited in 1844. Arthur Conan Doyle was a Scottish writer born in 1859 who is most famous for creating the character Sherlock Holmes and writing detective stories about his adventures. William Shakespeare was an English poet and playwright born in 1564 who is renowned for his poems and plays and is considered one of the greatest writers in the English language.
National Gallery of Scotland, Edinburugh Jerry Daperro
The National Gallery Scotland is one of the finest in the world. It has a comprehensive collection including works by Italian, French, Flemish & Dutch masters. Its collections covered all the major developments in European paintings between the 15th and the 19h century. Also it includes a rich collection of Scottish paintings. It is a home of Scottish art and painting. The gallery is situated in the heart of Edinburgh. The gallery is also benefit from the exchange program of paintings with the National Gallery London. The gallery is well worth a visit.
Within its elegant neoclassical exterior designed by William Henry Playfair, are housed works by the greatest names in Western art including Raphael, Titian, El Greco, Veazquez, Rembrandt, Rubens, Watteau, Tiepolo, Canova and many of the Impressionists and Post impressionists. The Gallery also contains the most comprehensive collection of Scttish art from the 11C to the 19C.
The document provides information on several American and British artists. It describes each artist's background, key works, and artistic style. Some of the American artists mentioned include Jackson Pollock, Richard Prince, Jean-Michel Basquiat, Roy Lichtenstein, Andy Warhol, and Jeff Koons. British artists mentioned include William Hogarth, Thomas Gainsborough, John Constable, William Blake, Francis Bacon, Damien Hirst, and Tracy Emin.
The document discusses the history of British film, theater, and cinema. It notes that the British film industry had a "golden age" in the 1940s and was influential in developing both commercial and artistic films. British theater has a long history dating back to playwrights like William Shakespeare. Key figures mentioned include Charlie Chaplin and the growth of the British film industry in the early 20th century, as well as famous modern British-influenced films.
The Harlem Renaissance was a period between 1918-1930s when there was a flourishing of African American artistic, social, and political activity centered in Harlem, New York. Many black artists, writers, musicians and intellectuals moved to Harlem during the Great Migration to escape racism in the South and take advantage of more opportunities in Northern cities. Notable figures included writers Zora Neale Hurston and Langston Hughes, visual artists Aaron Douglas and Augusta Savage, and musicians like Louis Armstrong and Duke Ellington. The Harlem Renaissance gave black artists pride in representing the black experience and set the stage for the civil rights movement.
The document discusses the history of British film, theater, and Shakespeare. It notes that the British film industry had a "golden age" in the 1940s and was influential in developing both commercial and artistic films. British theater is considered one of the country's great treasures due to William Shakespeare, who brought the art to prominence. Shakespeare wrote many famous tragedies and plays over his career that are still performed worldwide today. The West End of London and the Globe Theatre are highlighted as important historical theater locations in Britain.
The document discusses Edouard Manet's painting "The Execution of Emperor Maximilian," which depicts the 1867 execution of Emperor Maximilian I of Mexico. Manet created three large paintings, a smaller sketch, and a lithograph on this subject. The paintings were brought together for exhibitions in 1992-93 and 2006 to showcase Manet's portrayal of this historical event.
This document provides information on female painters before the 20th century from several European countries and the United States. It includes biographical details and examples of works for painters such as Sofonisba Anguissola, Lavinia Fontana, Artemisia Gentileschi, Judith Leyster, Mary Beale, Mary Cassatt, Anna Ancher, and Maria Sibylla Merian. The document highlights how many of these pioneering female artists faced challenges in being recognized and supported professionally for their work, but some like Artemisia Gentileschi and Elizabeth Vigée Le Brun achieved great success and renown.
Tamara de Lempicka was a Polish Art Deco painter known for her glamorous portraits of the elite in the 1920s-1930s. She developed a distinctive cubist-influenced style featuring precision and elegance. Lempicka rose to fame in Paris and was popular among Hollywood stars, though her personal life included scandals due to her bisexuality. She continued painting successfully into old age but her popularity declined as styles changed.
Pablo Picasso had many relationships and marriages over his long career as an artist. Some of his most significant relationships included:
- Fernande Olivier (1904-1912), his first long term partner who was the subject of many portraits.
- Eva Gouel (1912-1915) who inspired paintings with the words "I love Eva".
- Olga Khokhlova (1917-1927), his first wife and mother of his son Paulo.
- Marie-Thérèse Walter (1927-1936) who inspired etchings and had a daughter Maya with Picasso.
- Dora Maar (1936-1944), who documented Picasso's painting
Pablo Picasso was a highly influential Spanish painter and sculptor. He showed artistic talent from a young age and had his first exhibition at age 13. During his long career, Picasso helped pioneer cubism and collage, radically changing European painting. He had many relationships and children with different women. Picasso was prolific until his death at 91, leaving over 50,000 works of art that demonstrate his extraordinary creativity and revolutionary approach to art.
The document summarizes information on 15 famous paintings by notable artists. It provides brief descriptions of each painting including the title, artist, date, subject matter, and key details. Some of the paintings discussed include The Last Supper by Leonardo da Vinci, The School of Athens by Raphael, Mona Lisa by Leonardo da Vinci, The Starry Night by Vincent van Gogh, and Guernica by Pablo Picasso. The document aims to concisely summarize the essential facts about these iconic artworks.
Rodin was a French sculptor in the late 19th century who revolutionized the field. He moved away from decorative, formulaic sculptures and embraced unconventional realism. His most famous works include The Thinker, originally created for The Gates of Hell, and The Burghers of Calais, which depicts six men walking to their execution with complex, individual emotions rather than united heroism. Rodin is now considered one of the greatest sculptors of all time due to his mastery of modeling human forms and willingness to challenge traditions.
The staunch champion of French official art, Ingres began his career in the studio of the Classical painter David. After winning the Prix de Rome, he spent many years in Italy, where he discovered his peculiarly sensual ideal of beauty through a study of Renaissance masters, particularly Raphael. Patronized by Napoleon, be scrapped a reasonable living until his lifestyle was devastated by the fall of the Empire.
On his return to France, Ingres was acclaimed at the Paris Salon, and was plunged into rivalry with the Romantic painter Delacroix. Although extremely sensitive to the criticism he aroused, Ingres was delighted to find himself held up as the greatest exponent of Classicism. Now happily married by the second time, he was famous for his society portraits and erotic nudes. He died in Paris, at the age of 86.
This document summarizes information about 4 famous paintings:
1) "Water Lilies" by Claude Monet, who was a French painter born in 1840 and lived in Giverny, France. He painted flowers from his garden.
2) "The Room" by Vincent Van Gogh, a Dutch artist from about 120 years ago who used bright colors.
3) "The Blue Star" by Joan Miró, a 60-year-old painting by the Spanish artist born in 1893 in Barcelona.
4) Two paintings by Roy Lichtenstein about interiors with water lilies and a red jar on a wall, using different colors.
The document provides an overview of various art movements from Neoclassicism to Dadaism. It summarizes key figures, works, styles, and philosophies associated with each movement. Neoclassicism revived classical Greek and Roman forms. Jacques-Louis David was a major Neoclassical painter who also played a role in the French Revolution. Impressionism focused on capturing instantaneous impressions of light and scenes painted outdoors. Cubism fragmented objects into geometric forms. Dadaism rejected logic and rationality in art and embraced spontaneity.
The document discusses the history of art movements in Europe from Neoclassicism to Romanticism. It focuses on Jacques-Louis David's role in the French Revolution and the development of Neoclassicism. It also describes the development of Realism and Impressionism in France in the 19th century, highlighting the works and styles of artists like Manet and Whistler. Whistler sued the art critic John Ruskin for libel after Ruskin criticized one of Whistler's paintings.
The artworks in the Galleria Nazionale dell’Umbria are displayed on the upper floors of the Palazzo dei Priori, Perugia, Italy.
Its collection is one of the most exhaustive and complete in the Region for the multiplicity and variety of its are works, which cover a period from the 13C to the 19C. Some of the artists included are Master of San Francesco, Armolfo di Cambio, Nicola and Giovanni Pisano, Duccio di Buoninsegna, Gentile de Fabriano, Fra’ Angelico, Benozzo Gozzoli, piero della Francesca, Agostino de Duccio and Grancesco di Giogio Martini. In addition, there are many works by Perugino, Pintoricchio, Orazio Gentileschi, Pietro da Cortona, Valentin de Boulogne, Sebastiano Conca, Pierre Subleyras and Jean Baptiste Wicar. Many of the paintings were by artists were born in the city of Perugia.
The collection primarily is primarily makes up of religious paintings on the running up, during and after the Age of Renaissance. The majority of the works stilted toward the Renaissance from the end of 13C though to the early 15C. Many of these exhibits are diptychs, triptychs or polyptychs. These are the kind of paintings that the ordinary Italian of the time were likely to encountered, in their daily life.
The document summarizes the history of the Jesuit order and some of its key figures such as Ignatius of Loyola and Francis Xavier who helped establish and spread the order. It then focuses on the Jesuit missionary Nicolas Point who in the 1840s accompanied Pierre-Jean de Smet west and created drawings documenting Native American life, becoming an important visual record of cultures like the Flatheads and Coeur d'Alenes. The document includes several of Point's illustrations.
The document provides an overview of the development of photography and realist painting from the early to late 19th century in Europe and America. It discusses key figures and works that advanced realism and naturalism in art, moving from romanticized depictions to more objective styles influenced by photography. These include Daguerre, Niepce, Courbet, Manet, Monet, Degas, and Eakins among others. It also covers the emergence of impressionism from realism and its rejection of academic styles in favor of capturing fleeting visual impressions of light and motion.
Art Appreciation Topic IX: Early 20th Century ArtThomas C.
The document provides an overview of major art movements in the early 20th century. It discusses the rejection of naturalism and academic traditions with the birth of Modernism. Key movements discussed include Fauvism, Cubism, Futurism, Orphism, Rayonism, Constructivism, Dada, Bauhaus, Surrealism, and Neue Sachlichkeit. Specific artists and works are mentioned from Britain, the US, Vienna, Germany, and Paris. The text focuses on the experimentation with technique and questioning of the nature of art during this revolutionary period.
The document provides information on several English painters from the 16th to 19th centuries. It discusses Nicholas Hilliard, the most celebrated English miniaturist of the Elizabethan era. It then profiles William Hogarth, an 18th century artist who pioneered serial work and was a critic of English art. Next, it outlines Sir Joshua Reynolds as a leading English portrait painter and first president of the Royal Academy. The document also summarizes Thomas Gainsborough and his landscape and portrait works, as well as Joseph Mallord William Turner's contributions to romantic landscape painting. Finally, it discusses John Constable and his recognition as a major 19th century English landscape artist, known for paintings of scenes from his childhood.
The document provides information on several American and British artists. It describes each artist's background, key works, and artistic style. Some of the American artists mentioned include Jackson Pollock, Richard Prince, Jean-Michel Basquiat, Roy Lichtenstein, Andy Warhol, and Jeff Koons. British artists mentioned include William Hogarth, Thomas Gainsborough, John Constable, William Blake, Francis Bacon, Damien Hirst, and Tracy Emin.
The document discusses the history of British film, theater, and cinema. It notes that the British film industry had a "golden age" in the 1940s and was influential in developing both commercial and artistic films. British theater has a long history dating back to playwrights like William Shakespeare. Key figures mentioned include Charlie Chaplin and the growth of the British film industry in the early 20th century, as well as famous modern British-influenced films.
The Harlem Renaissance was a period between 1918-1930s when there was a flourishing of African American artistic, social, and political activity centered in Harlem, New York. Many black artists, writers, musicians and intellectuals moved to Harlem during the Great Migration to escape racism in the South and take advantage of more opportunities in Northern cities. Notable figures included writers Zora Neale Hurston and Langston Hughes, visual artists Aaron Douglas and Augusta Savage, and musicians like Louis Armstrong and Duke Ellington. The Harlem Renaissance gave black artists pride in representing the black experience and set the stage for the civil rights movement.
The document discusses the history of British film, theater, and Shakespeare. It notes that the British film industry had a "golden age" in the 1940s and was influential in developing both commercial and artistic films. British theater is considered one of the country's great treasures due to William Shakespeare, who brought the art to prominence. Shakespeare wrote many famous tragedies and plays over his career that are still performed worldwide today. The West End of London and the Globe Theatre are highlighted as important historical theater locations in Britain.
The document discusses Edouard Manet's painting "The Execution of Emperor Maximilian," which depicts the 1867 execution of Emperor Maximilian I of Mexico. Manet created three large paintings, a smaller sketch, and a lithograph on this subject. The paintings were brought together for exhibitions in 1992-93 and 2006 to showcase Manet's portrayal of this historical event.
This document provides information on female painters before the 20th century from several European countries and the United States. It includes biographical details and examples of works for painters such as Sofonisba Anguissola, Lavinia Fontana, Artemisia Gentileschi, Judith Leyster, Mary Beale, Mary Cassatt, Anna Ancher, and Maria Sibylla Merian. The document highlights how many of these pioneering female artists faced challenges in being recognized and supported professionally for their work, but some like Artemisia Gentileschi and Elizabeth Vigée Le Brun achieved great success and renown.
Tamara de Lempicka was a Polish Art Deco painter known for her glamorous portraits of the elite in the 1920s-1930s. She developed a distinctive cubist-influenced style featuring precision and elegance. Lempicka rose to fame in Paris and was popular among Hollywood stars, though her personal life included scandals due to her bisexuality. She continued painting successfully into old age but her popularity declined as styles changed.
Pablo Picasso had many relationships and marriages over his long career as an artist. Some of his most significant relationships included:
- Fernande Olivier (1904-1912), his first long term partner who was the subject of many portraits.
- Eva Gouel (1912-1915) who inspired paintings with the words "I love Eva".
- Olga Khokhlova (1917-1927), his first wife and mother of his son Paulo.
- Marie-Thérèse Walter (1927-1936) who inspired etchings and had a daughter Maya with Picasso.
- Dora Maar (1936-1944), who documented Picasso's painting
Pablo Picasso was a highly influential Spanish painter and sculptor. He showed artistic talent from a young age and had his first exhibition at age 13. During his long career, Picasso helped pioneer cubism and collage, radically changing European painting. He had many relationships and children with different women. Picasso was prolific until his death at 91, leaving over 50,000 works of art that demonstrate his extraordinary creativity and revolutionary approach to art.
The document summarizes information on 15 famous paintings by notable artists. It provides brief descriptions of each painting including the title, artist, date, subject matter, and key details. Some of the paintings discussed include The Last Supper by Leonardo da Vinci, The School of Athens by Raphael, Mona Lisa by Leonardo da Vinci, The Starry Night by Vincent van Gogh, and Guernica by Pablo Picasso. The document aims to concisely summarize the essential facts about these iconic artworks.
Rodin was a French sculptor in the late 19th century who revolutionized the field. He moved away from decorative, formulaic sculptures and embraced unconventional realism. His most famous works include The Thinker, originally created for The Gates of Hell, and The Burghers of Calais, which depicts six men walking to their execution with complex, individual emotions rather than united heroism. Rodin is now considered one of the greatest sculptors of all time due to his mastery of modeling human forms and willingness to challenge traditions.
The staunch champion of French official art, Ingres began his career in the studio of the Classical painter David. After winning the Prix de Rome, he spent many years in Italy, where he discovered his peculiarly sensual ideal of beauty through a study of Renaissance masters, particularly Raphael. Patronized by Napoleon, be scrapped a reasonable living until his lifestyle was devastated by the fall of the Empire.
On his return to France, Ingres was acclaimed at the Paris Salon, and was plunged into rivalry with the Romantic painter Delacroix. Although extremely sensitive to the criticism he aroused, Ingres was delighted to find himself held up as the greatest exponent of Classicism. Now happily married by the second time, he was famous for his society portraits and erotic nudes. He died in Paris, at the age of 86.
This document summarizes information about 4 famous paintings:
1) "Water Lilies" by Claude Monet, who was a French painter born in 1840 and lived in Giverny, France. He painted flowers from his garden.
2) "The Room" by Vincent Van Gogh, a Dutch artist from about 120 years ago who used bright colors.
3) "The Blue Star" by Joan Miró, a 60-year-old painting by the Spanish artist born in 1893 in Barcelona.
4) Two paintings by Roy Lichtenstein about interiors with water lilies and a red jar on a wall, using different colors.
The document provides an overview of various art movements from Neoclassicism to Dadaism. It summarizes key figures, works, styles, and philosophies associated with each movement. Neoclassicism revived classical Greek and Roman forms. Jacques-Louis David was a major Neoclassical painter who also played a role in the French Revolution. Impressionism focused on capturing instantaneous impressions of light and scenes painted outdoors. Cubism fragmented objects into geometric forms. Dadaism rejected logic and rationality in art and embraced spontaneity.
The document discusses the history of art movements in Europe from Neoclassicism to Romanticism. It focuses on Jacques-Louis David's role in the French Revolution and the development of Neoclassicism. It also describes the development of Realism and Impressionism in France in the 19th century, highlighting the works and styles of artists like Manet and Whistler. Whistler sued the art critic John Ruskin for libel after Ruskin criticized one of Whistler's paintings.
The artworks in the Galleria Nazionale dell’Umbria are displayed on the upper floors of the Palazzo dei Priori, Perugia, Italy.
Its collection is one of the most exhaustive and complete in the Region for the multiplicity and variety of its are works, which cover a period from the 13C to the 19C. Some of the artists included are Master of San Francesco, Armolfo di Cambio, Nicola and Giovanni Pisano, Duccio di Buoninsegna, Gentile de Fabriano, Fra’ Angelico, Benozzo Gozzoli, piero della Francesca, Agostino de Duccio and Grancesco di Giogio Martini. In addition, there are many works by Perugino, Pintoricchio, Orazio Gentileschi, Pietro da Cortona, Valentin de Boulogne, Sebastiano Conca, Pierre Subleyras and Jean Baptiste Wicar. Many of the paintings were by artists were born in the city of Perugia.
The collection primarily is primarily makes up of religious paintings on the running up, during and after the Age of Renaissance. The majority of the works stilted toward the Renaissance from the end of 13C though to the early 15C. Many of these exhibits are diptychs, triptychs or polyptychs. These are the kind of paintings that the ordinary Italian of the time were likely to encountered, in their daily life.
The document summarizes the history of the Jesuit order and some of its key figures such as Ignatius of Loyola and Francis Xavier who helped establish and spread the order. It then focuses on the Jesuit missionary Nicolas Point who in the 1840s accompanied Pierre-Jean de Smet west and created drawings documenting Native American life, becoming an important visual record of cultures like the Flatheads and Coeur d'Alenes. The document includes several of Point's illustrations.
The document provides an overview of the development of photography and realist painting from the early to late 19th century in Europe and America. It discusses key figures and works that advanced realism and naturalism in art, moving from romanticized depictions to more objective styles influenced by photography. These include Daguerre, Niepce, Courbet, Manet, Monet, Degas, and Eakins among others. It also covers the emergence of impressionism from realism and its rejection of academic styles in favor of capturing fleeting visual impressions of light and motion.
Art Appreciation Topic IX: Early 20th Century ArtThomas C.
The document provides an overview of major art movements in the early 20th century. It discusses the rejection of naturalism and academic traditions with the birth of Modernism. Key movements discussed include Fauvism, Cubism, Futurism, Orphism, Rayonism, Constructivism, Dada, Bauhaus, Surrealism, and Neue Sachlichkeit. Specific artists and works are mentioned from Britain, the US, Vienna, Germany, and Paris. The text focuses on the experimentation with technique and questioning of the nature of art during this revolutionary period.
The document provides information on several English painters from the 16th to 19th centuries. It discusses Nicholas Hilliard, the most celebrated English miniaturist of the Elizabethan era. It then profiles William Hogarth, an 18th century artist who pioneered serial work and was a critic of English art. Next, it outlines Sir Joshua Reynolds as a leading English portrait painter and first president of the Royal Academy. The document also summarizes Thomas Gainsborough and his landscape and portrait works, as well as Joseph Mallord William Turner's contributions to romantic landscape painting. Finally, it discusses John Constable and his recognition as a major 19th century English landscape artist, known for paintings of scenes from his childhood.
Joseph Mallord William Turner was an English Romantic landscape painter, watercolourist and printmaker in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. He is renowned for his oil paintings and is considered a master of British watercolor landscape painting. His style was characterized by atmospheric washes of paint and an innovative use of color and light. In his later works, objects were barely recognizable as he focused on conveying light, atmosphere, and mood.
This document summarizes an artwork by Yinka Shonibare titled "Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters: Design" which references Francisco Goya's famous print "The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters." Shonibare recreated Goya's print nearly exactly but in large scale color photographs and added his choice of Dutch wax cloth for the main figure's clothing. Goya's print depicted a man asleep at a desk surrounded by threatening creatures and commented on the dangers of ignorance. Both works reference the phrase "the sleep of reason produces monsters."
The Wallace Collection (is) the finest collection of art ever assembled by one family and now s national museum. Five generations of collections, four Marquises of Hereford and Sir Richard Wallace, each made their own special contribution. The Wallace Collection a national museums in the heart of London, own one of the finest collection of fine and decorative art in the world. The Collection was bequeathed to the British nation by the widow of Sir Richard Wallace in 1897. The Collection was assembled entirely in the 18C and 19C. It is an oasis of European art in the heart of London, with emphasizes on French arts.
Although the museum is one of the youngest in the United States, it is fairly large and comprehensive museum, a significant representation of European art, ranging from antiquity to the present day. The museum was inaugurated only in 1965. However, a large part of the collection came from the Los Angeles Museum of History, Science and Art, which was established a century earlier. The museum is also known for its Modern art items as well.
1) Orientalism began in the 15th century but became popular in 19th century France, depicting scenes from Turkey, the Middle East, and North Africa under colonial rule.
2) Artists like Eugene Delacroix and Jean-Leon Gerome traveled to the region and painted contemporary life, with some works depicting fantasy scenes.
3) Edward Said criticized orientalism for promoting stereotypes that justified western imperialism, though some scholars note the demand for such works.
This document summarizes the life and work of 18th century English artist William Hogarth. It notes that he was an outstanding portrait and genre painter known for moralistic and dramatic narratives. Some of his most famous works included A Harlot's Progress, A Rake's Progress, and Marriage A-la-Mode. The document provides details on Hogarth's background, career, and influential artistic style through genres like portrait and conversation pieces.
This document provides information on various art forms that developed in the 19th century in Britain, including architecture, painting, literature, theatre, cinema and more. Some key events and figures mentioned include the development of Victorian architecture and styles, the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood artistic movement, landscape painter Joseph Mallord William Turner, authors Charles Dickens and Oscar Wilde, and the collaboration between librettist W.S. Gilbert and composer Arthur Sullivan which produced famous comic operas. Cinema origins are also noted, with the first British film being produced in 1895.
Tom Slingsby is a writer and editor who has transferred skills from his doctoral research to publishing and art dealing. He communicates brand values and product information to various audiences. The document provides biographical information about Tom and his professional background and experience in writing and editing.
Henry VIII separated the English church from the Roman Catholic church and made himself the head of the new Church of England in 1534. During the 16th and 17th centuries, England experienced major changes in its monarchy and religion. Portraiture became an important art form as artists like Hans Holbein the Younger, Nicholas Hilliard, and later Anthony van Dyck painted portraits of royalty and nobility to depict and promote the current rulers and establish England's cultural identity.
This is the first of four Powerpoint on US gallery to be released on the next few day. In 1974 Norton Simon agreed to take over the Pasadena Art Museum, giving his collection a permanent home. In 1995, the museum began a major renovation and design. It also included a new theatre. Norton Simon started collecting seriously in 1964, when he purchased the entire European collection of the Duveen Brot. Today, his collection on European paintings is broadly based and methodological. The collection covers the whole span of European painting developments from the early Renaissance to modern days. All the mainstream movements are represented by works from the masters. However, one noticeable absence are paintings from America. In 1970s the collection started to include Asian Arts. Today, there are some 4,000 works in the collection. On European paintings the collection would complement to that of the more well-known Paul Getty Museum. Ion paintings, it must rank as one of the best on the west coast of America.
Ever since Peter the Great, it was Russian policy to become a major European power. He lead a cultural revolution with an aim to transform the traditional and medieval social and political system into a modern society. In 1764, two years after Catherine the Great on the throne, She brought out Gotzkowski’s collection of 225 paintings, mainly Dutch and Flemish paintings. Politically, Empress Catherine’s patronage would enhance her image of an enlightened monarch. The Gotzkowski’s collection makes up the core of the paintings in Hermitage. In general the Hermitage collection is quite representative of the development of European arts since the 17C. After Catherine the Great, successive monarchs had added to the collection. It is really surprising to find large number of Impressionists paintings and modern paintings in the collection.
The most outstanding British Painters of the XVIII – XIX centuriespollyplant
The document discusses several prominent British painters from the 18th-19th centuries including William Hogarth, Joshua Reynolds, Thomas Gainsborough, John Constable, and William Turner. It highlights their innovations and typical artistic traits. Hogarth was a pioneer of moralistic narratives and satire. Reynolds captured the essence of his subjects and composed portraits decoratively. Gainsborough excelled at combining portraiture with landscape. Constable painted landscapes directly from nature. Turner anticipated Impressionism through his experiments with light and color. The document also expresses a personal preference for Constable's painting "The Hay Wain."
Thomas Gainsborough was born in 1727 in Sudbury, England. He received some art training but was not able to have a full formal education. He began his career drawing portraits and landscapes to earn a living. By 1745 he had opened his own workshop. His work was influenced by Dutch landscape artists and he became known for his portraits set within idyllic landscapes. Later in his career, he focused more on portraiture but considered himself primarily a landscape painter. His landscapes were inspired by 17th century Dutch paintings and depicted rural English scenes with figures. Gainsborough helped establish landscape painting as a respected genre in England.
William Shakespeare was born in 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon, England. He married Anne Hathaway and had three children, though his twins Hamnet and Judith were his only children to survive to adulthood. By the 1590s, Shakespeare had achieved success as an actor and playwright in London. He was a founding member of the Lord Chamberlain's Men acting company and wrote many of his famous plays during this time. Shakespeare purchased New Place in Stratford and lived there with his family between acting seasons in London. He died in 1616 at the age of 52 and was buried in Holy Trinity Church. Seven years after his death, two of Shakespeare's friends published the First Folio, which included
Thomas Gainsborough was a prominent English portrait and landscape painter born in 1727 in Sudbury, England. He studied arts in London for 8 years where he was influenced by Flemish traditional painting. Gainsborough was a master of the English school of painting and was renowned for his portraits displaying individuality and landscapes containing poetry and music. He painted in transparent tones and was influential on other English artists. Gainsborough died of cancer in 1788.
The Statens Museum for Kunst (SMK) is located in Copenhagen. It is home to Danish art. Its collection includes some 260,000 works, spanning more than seven hundred years from the late Middle Ages to the present day. It has numerous masterpieces by artists such as Albrecht Durer, Peter Paul Rubens, CW Eckersberg and Christen Kobke. Today, the SMK attracts around 450,000 visitors annually.
Most of us outside of Scandinavia, are unfamiliar with Nordic pictorial and sculptural traditions. But their paintings do reflect their underlying Nordic cultures, social values on compassion & emotion and finally their natural environment. The Nordic approach is visually less intense and flamboyant as compared with the Italian Baroque or to the French Impressionist. Their approach is more humanistic and much closer to our daily life. Stylistically their 18C and 19C paintings were mostly realism with clarity, sharpness, crispness and on occasion melancholia. It much closer to ordinary persons and our life.
Dulwich Picture Gallery boosts one of the of the finest smaller collection of Old Master in the world, full of household names and hidden gems. Its collection reflects the taste and market opportunities of its time by concentrated on European paintings of the 17C and 18C, the period sometimes known as ‘The Age of Baroque’. The gallery is situation in the Southeast of London, only about 5 miles from the centre of London. It about half an hour by bus or 12 minutes by local trains, depart from Victoria station..
This document discusses several famous English painters from the 18th and 19th centuries. It provides biographical information on William Hogarth, Sir Joshua Reynolds, Thomas Gainsborough, J.M.W. Turner, and John Constable. It notes that Turner and Constable were considered the greatest representatives of the English Golden age of painting and were renowned landscape painters, with Turner known for his mastery of light and Constable known for his pastoral scenes of Dedham Vale.
The Evolution of the Leonardo DiCaprio Haircut: A Journey Through Style and C...greendigital
Leonardo DiCaprio, a name synonymous with Hollywood stardom and acting excellence. has captivated audiences for decades with his talent and charisma. But, the Leonardo DiCaprio haircut is one aspect of his public persona that has garnered attention. From his early days as a teenage heartthrob to his current status as a seasoned actor and environmental activist. DiCaprio's hairstyles have evolved. reflecting both his personal growth and the changing trends in fashion. This article delves into the many phases of the Leonardo DiCaprio haircut. exploring its significance and impact on pop culture.
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Introduction
Leonardo DiCaprio, A name synonymous with Hollywood excellence. is not only known for his stellar acting career but also for his impressive real estate investments. The "Leonardo DiCaprio house" is a topic that piques the interest of many. as the Oscar-winning actor has amassed a diverse portfolio of luxurious properties. DiCaprio's homes reflect his varied tastes and commitment to sustainability. from retreats to historic mansions. This article will delve into the fascinating world of Leonardo DiCaprio's real estate. Exploring the details of his most notable residences. and the unique aspects that make them stand out.
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Leonardo DiCaprio House: Malibu Beachfront Retreat
A Prime Location
His Malibu beachfront house is one of the most famous properties in Leonardo DiCaprio's real estate portfolio. Situated in the exclusive Carbon Beach. also known as "Billionaire's Beach," this property boasts stunning ocean views and private beach access. The "Leonardo DiCaprio house" in Malibu is a testament to the actor's love for the sea and his penchant for luxurious living.
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The Malibu house features a modern design with clean lines, large windows. and open spaces blending indoor and outdoor living. The expansive deck and patio areas provide ample space for entertaining guests or enjoying a quiet sunset. The house has state-of-the-art amenities. including a gourmet kitchen, a home theatre, and many guest suites.
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Another remarkable property in Leonardo DiCaprio's collection is his Hollywood Hills house. This secluded retreat offers privacy and tranquility. making it an ideal escape from the hustle and bustle of Los Angeles. The "Leonardo DiCaprio house" in Hollywood Hills nestled among lush greenery. and offers panoramic views of the city and surrounding landscapes.
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The Hollywood Hills house is a mid-century modern gem characterized by its sleek design and floor-to-ceiling windows. The open-concept living space is perfect for entertaining. while the cozy bedrooms provide a comfortable retreat. The property also features a swimming pool, and outdoor dining area. and a spacious deck that overlooks the cityscape.
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The notion of Dwayne Johnson kidnapping seems straight out of a Hollywood thriller. Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson, known for his larger-than-life persona, immense popularity. and action-packed filmography, is the last person anyone would envision being a victim of kidnapping. Yet, the bizarre and riveting tale of such an incident, filled with twists and turns. has captured the imagination of many. In this article, we delve into the intricate details of this astonishing event. exploring every aspect, from the dramatic rescue operation to the aftermath and the lessons learned.
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The Origins of the Dwayne Johnson Kidnapping Saga
Dwayne Johnson: A Brief Background
Before discussing the specifics of the kidnapping. it is crucial to understand who Dwayne Johnson is and why his kidnapping would be so significant. Born May 2, 1972, Dwayne Douglas Johnson is an American actor, producer, businessman. and former professional wrestler. Known by his ring name, "The Rock," he gained fame in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE) before transitioning to a successful career in Hollywood.
Johnson's filmography includes blockbuster hits such as "The Fast and the Furious" series, "Jumanji," "Moana," and "San Andreas." His charismatic personality, impressive physique. and action-star status have made him a beloved figure worldwide. Thus, the news of his kidnapping would send shockwaves across the globe.
Setting the Scene: The Day of the Kidnapping
The incident of Dwayne Johnson's kidnapping began on an ordinary day. Johnson was filming his latest high-octane action film set to break box office records. The location was a remote yet scenic area. chosen for its rugged terrain and breathtaking vistas. perfect for the film's climactic scenes.
But, beneath the veneer of normalcy, a sinister plot was unfolding. Unbeknownst to Johnson and his team, a group of criminals had planned his abduction. hoping to leverage his celebrity status for a hefty ransom. The stage was set for an event that would soon dominate worldwide headlines and social media feeds.
The Abduction: Unfolding the Dwayne Johnson Kidnapping
The Moment of Capture
On the day of the kidnapping, everything seemed to be proceeding as usual on set. Johnson and his co-stars and crew were engrossed in shooting a particularly demanding scene. As the day wore on, the production team took a short break. providing the kidnappers with the perfect opportunity to strike.
The abduction was executed with military precision. A group of masked men, armed and organized, infiltrated the set. They created chaos, taking advantage of the confusion to isolate Johnson. Johnson was outnumbered and caught off guard despite his formidable strength and fighting skills. The kidnappers overpowered him, bundled him into a waiting vehicle. and sped away, leaving everyone on set in a state of shock and disbelief.
The Immediate Aftermath
The immediate aftermath of the Dwayne Johnson kidnappin
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1. 1
THE ARTISTJohn Banovich is a world-renowned artist and one of the
foremost conservationists of our era. He has created over
700 original works, and his award-winning oil paintings are
exhibited in museums and noteworthy collections across
the globe. His deep passion, unwavering commitment and
knowledge of wildlife continues to inspire.
ARTWORKThrough experiencing John Banovich’s portfolio of past
original paintings we are left with the ultimate
understanding that as an artist John Banovich has shattered
the traditional standards that define Wildlife Art. Through
2. viewing his portfolio it becomes starkly apparent that his
paintings are far more than representational art depicting
the subject matter. There is an undeniable allure to the
beasts within John Banovich’s paintings that successfully
provide wildlife the platform to transcend both their natural
habitats and their artistic genre to find refuge in our
contemporary world.
3. 2
George Stubbs (25 August 1724 – 10 July 1806) was an English
painter, best known for his paintings of horses.
Stubbs was born in Liverpool, the son of a currier and leather
merchant. Information on his life up to age thirty-five is sparse, relying
almost entirely on notes made by fellow artist Ozias
Humphry towards the end of Stubbs's life. Stubbs worked at his
father's trade until he was 15 or 16.
After his father's death in 1741, Stubbs was briefly apprenticed to a
Lancashire painter andengraver named Hamlet Winstanley, but he
soon left as he objected to the work of copying to which he was set.
Thereafter as an artist he was self-taught. In the 1740s he worked as
a portrait painter in the North of England and from about 1745 to
1751 he studied human anatomy at York County Hospital. He had
had a passion for anatomy from his childhood, and one of his earliest
surviving works is a set of illustrations for a textbook
on midwifery which was published in 1751.
A Lion Attacking a Horse, oil on canvas, 1770, by Stubbs. Yale University Art
Gallery
4. In 1754 Stubbs visited Italy.[1]
Forty years later he told Ozias Humphry
that his motive for going to Italy was, "to convince himself that nature
was and is always superior to art whether Greek or Roman, and
having renewed this conviction he immediately resolved upon
returning home". In 1756 he rented a farmhouse in the village
ofHorkstow, Lincolnshire, and spent 18 months dissecting horses,
assisted by his common-law wife, Mary Spencer.[2]
He moved to
London in about 1759 and in 1766 published The anatomy of the
Horse. The original drawings are now in the collection of the Royal
Academy.
Even before his book was published, Stubbs's drawings were seen
by leading aristocratic patrons, who recognised that his work was
more accurate than that of earlier horse painters such as James
Seymour, Peter Tillemans and John Wootton. In 1759 the 3rd Duke
of Richmond commissioned three large pictures from him, and his
career was soon secure. By 1763 he had produced works for several
more dukes and other lords and was able to buy a house
in Marylebone, a fashionable part of London, where he lived for the
rest of his life.
5. Whistlejacket. National Gallery, London.
His most famous work is probably Whistlejacket, a painting of a
prancing horse commissioned by the2nd Marquess of Rockingham,
which is now in theNational Gallery in London. This and two other
paintings carried out for Rockingham break with convention in having
plain backgrounds. Throughout the 1760s he produced a wide range
of individual and group portraits of horses, sometimes accompanied
by hounds. He often painted horses with their grooms, whom he
always painted as individuals. Meanwhile he also continued to accept
commissions for portraits of people, including some group portraits.
From 1761 to 1776 he exhibited at the Society of Artists of Great
Britain, but in 1775 he switched his allegiance to the recently founded
but already more prestigious Royal Academy of Arts. Stubbs also
painted more exotic animals including lions, tigers, giraffes, monkeys,
and rhinoceroses, which he was able to observe in private
menageries.
Painting of a kangaroo, 1772
6. His painting of a kangaroo was the first glimpse of this animal for
many 18th-century Britons.[3]
He became preoccupied with the theme
of a wild horse threatened by a lion and produced several variations
on this theme. These and other works became well known at the time
through engravings of Stubbs's work, which appeared in increasing
numbers in the 1770s and 1780s.
Stubbs also painted historical pictures, but these are much less well
regarded. From the late 1760s he produced some work on enamel. In
the 1770s Josiah Wedgwood developed a new and larger type of
enamel panel at Stubbs's request. Stubbs hoped to achieve
commercial success with his paintings in enamel, but the venture left
him in debt.[4]
Also in the 1770s he painted single portraits of dogs for
the first time, while also receiving an increasing number of
commissions to paint hunts with their packs of hounds. He remained
active into his old age. In the 1780s he produced a pastoral series
called Haymakers and Reapers, and in the early 1790s he enjoyed
the patronage of the Prince of Wales, whom he painted on horseback
in 1791. His last project, begun in 1795, was A comparative
anatomical exposition of the structure of the human body with that of
a tiger and a common fowl, fifteen engravings from which appeared
between 1804 and 1806. The project was left unfinished upon
Stubbs's death at the age of 81 on 10 July 1806, in London.
Stubbs's son George Townly Stubbs was an engraver and
printmaker.
The record price for a Stubbs painting was set by the sale at auction
of Gimcrack on Newmarket Heath, with a Trainer, a Stable-Lad, and
a Jockey (1765) at Christie's in London in July 2011 for £22.4 million.
7. It was sold by the British Woolavington Collection of sporting art; the
buyer was unidentified. [5]
The British Royal Collection holds 16 paintings by Stubbs.[6]
Two paintings by Stubbs were bought by the National Maritime
Museum in Greenwich, London after a public appeal to raise the
£1.5 million required.[7]
The two paintings, The Kongouro from New
Holland and Portrait of a Large Dog were both painted in 1772.
[7]
Depicting a kangaroo and a dingo respectively, they are the first
depictions of Australian animals in Western art.
8. 3
Franz Marc was born on February 8, 1880, in Munich,
Germany. He studied at the Munich Art Academy and traveled
to Paris several times where he saw the work of Gauguin, Van
Gogh, and the Impressionists. With Kandinsky, he founded the
almanac "Der Blaue Reiter" in 1911 and organized exhibitions
with this name. He was a principal member of the First
German Salon d'Automne in 1913. At the beginning of World
War I, he volunteered for military service and he died near
Verdun, France, on March 4, 1916.
Franz Marc was a pioneer in the birth of abstract art at the
beginning of the twentieth-century The Blaue Reiter group put
forth a new program for art based on exuberant color and on
profoundly felt emotional and spiritual states. It was Marc's
particular contribution to introduce paradisiacal imagery that
had as its dramatis personae a collection of animals, most
notably a group of heroic horses.
Tragically, Marc was killed in World War I at the age of thirty-
six, but not before he had created some of the most exciting
and touching paintings of the Expressionist movement.
Dog Lying in the Snow
1910-11 (160 Kb); Oil on canvas, 62.5 x 105 cm; Stadelsches
Kunstinstitut, Frankfurt
The Yellow Cow
1911 (100 Kb); Oil on canvas, 140.5 x 189.2 cm; Solomon R.
9. Guggenheim Museum, New York
Deer in the Woods II
1912 (170 Kb); Oil on canvas, 110.5 x 80.5 cm; Stadtische
Galerie im Lenbachhaus, Munich
Tiger
1912 (140 Kb); Oil on canvas, 111 x 111.5 cm; Stadtische
Galerie im Lenbachhaus, Munich
The fate of the animals
1913 (130 Kb); Oil on canvas, 196 x 266 cm; Kunstmuseum,
Basle
Foxes
1913 (140 Kb); Oil on canvas, 87 x 65 cm; Kunstmuseum,
Dusseldorf
10. The Lamb
1913-14; Museum Boymans-van-Beuningen, Rotterdam
Fighting Forms
1914 (150 Kb); Oil on canvas, 91 x 131 cm; Staatsgalerie
moderner Kunst, Munich
11. 4
Dutch animalier painter, was born in Utrecht and died in Amsterdam.
After the start of his career, he painted virtually exclusively bird
subjects, usually exotic or game, in park-like landscapes.
Hondecoeter’s paintings featured geese (brent goose, Egyptian brent
and red-breasted brent), fieldfares, partridges, pigeons, ducks,
magpies and peacocks, but also African grey crowned cranes,
Asian sarus cranes, Indonesian Yellow-crested Cockatoos, an
IndonesianPurple-naped Lory and Grey-headed
Lovebirds fromMadagascar.
Being the grandson of the painter Gillis d'Hondecoeter and the son
of Gijsbert d'Hondecoeter, whose sister Josina marriedJan Baptist
Weenix, he was brought up in an artistic milieu.[1]
Melchior's
cousin Jan Weenixtold Arnold Houbraken that in his youth Melchior
was extremely religious, praying very loud, so that his mother and
uncle doubted if they would have him trained as a painter or
aminister.
In 1659 he was working in the Hague and became a member of the
painters' academy there. In 1663 Hondecoeter married Susanne
Tradel in Amsterdam. She is said to have been captious, and she had
her sisters living in their house, and so Hondecoeter spent much time
in his garden or drinking in the tavern in the Jordaan. On the
Lauriergracht, where he lived for a time, he was surrounded by art
dealers and various painters. Later he moved to a house
on Prinsengracht (near Anne Frank House). In 1686 he bought a
small countryhouse in Vreeland along the Vecht (Utrecht).
Hondecoeter died in the house of his daughter Isabel
in Warmoesstraatbut was buried in Westerkerk. His inventory lists a
small gallows, to keep birds in the right position, and several
paintings of Frans Snyders.
12. Hondecoeter began his career with a different speciality from that by
which he is usually known. Mr de Stuers affirms that he produced
sea-pieces. One of his earliest works is Tub with Fish, dated 1655, in
the gallery of Brunswick. But Hondecoeter soon abandoned fish for
fowl. He acquired celebrity as a painter of birds only, which he
represented not exclusively, likeJohannes Fyt, as the gamekeeper's
perquisite after a day's shooting, or stock of a poulterer's shop, but as
living beings with passions, joys, fears and quarrels, to which
naturalists will tell us that birds are subject. Without the brilliant tone
and high finish of Fyt, his Dutch rival's birds are full of action; and, as
Burger truly says, "Hondecoeter displays the maternity of the hen
with as much tenderness and feeling as Raphael the maternity of
Madonnas."
But Fyt was at home in depicting the coat of deer and dons as well as
plumage. Hondecoeter cultivates a narrower field, and seldom goes
beyond a cock-fight or a display of mere bird life. Very few of his
pictures are dated, though more are signed. Amongst the former we
should note the Jackdaw deprived of his Borrowed Plumes (1671), at
the Hague, of whichEarl Cadogan has a variety; or Game and
Poultry and A Spaniel hunting a Partridge (1672), in the gallery of
Brussels; or A Park with Poultry (1686) at the Hermitage of St
Petersburg.
William III employed Hondecoeter, in great favour with the magnates
of the Netherlands, to paint his menagerie at Het Loo, and the
picture, now at the Hague museum, shows that he could at a pinch
overcome the difficulty of representing India's cattle, elephants and
gazelles. But he is better in homelier works, with which he adorned
the royal castles of Bensberg andOranienstein at different periods of
13. his life. His earliest works are more conscientious, lighter and more
transparent than his later ones. At all times he is bold of touch and
sure of eye, giving the motion of birds with great spirit and accuracy.
His masterpieces are at the Hague, Soestdijk and at Amsterdam. But
there are fine examples in the Wallace Collection and Belton
House in England, and in the public galleries of Berlin, Caen,
Karlsruhe, Kassel, Cologne, Copenhagen, Dresden, Dublin, Florence,
Glasgow, Hannover, London, Lyons, Lille, Montpellier, Munich, Paris,
Rotterdam, Rouen, St Petersburg, Stuttgart, Schwerin and Vienna.
The largest Hondecoeter exhibition to date was held in Berlin in 2010,
where 18 of his works were shown at the Neue Nationalgalerie as
part of Willem de Rooij's installation 'Intolerance'.[2]
14. 5
Paulus Potter (20 November 1625 (baptised) – 17 January 1654
(buried)) was a Dutch painterwho specialized in animals within
landscapes, usually with a low vantage point.
Before Potter died of tuberculosis at the age of 28 he succeeded in
producing about 100 paintings, working continuously.
Few details are known of Potter's life. He was born inEnkhuizen. In
1628 his family moved to Leiden, and in 1631 to Amsterdam, where
young Paulus studied painting with his father, Pieter Symonsz Potter.
[1]
After his mother died, his father started an affair with the wife
of Pieter Codde, also living in the fancy Sint Antoniesbreestraat. For
some time his father was a manufacturer of gilded leather hangings
outside the city walls.
Potter became a member of the Guild of Saint Luke in Delft, but by
1649, Paulus moved toThe Hague, next to Jan van Goyen. Potter
married in the Hague and his father-in-law, who was the leading
building contractor in the Hague, introduced him to the Dutch elite.
[1]
Amalia of Solms-Braunfels, a member of the stadholder's family
and an art-lover, bought a painting with a pissing cow,[2]
but some
court ladies seemed to have advised against it. By May 1652, after a
case about delivering a new painting, he returned to Amsterdam.
Potter was invited byNicolaes Tulp, who was impressed by his
civilized behavior and politeness. Potter painted his son Dirck Tulp,
but only changed the face on an earlier work he was not able to sell.
Potter died in Amsterdam.
Paulus painted a self-portrait which was at Hackwood Park,
Hampshire until 1998. It is now at Elibank House, Buckinghamshire.
15. Paintings[edit]
His most famous painting not to be confused with his work "The Bull"
is The Young Bull (circa 1647), that is now in Mauritshuis in The
Hague, composed after drawings Potter made in nature. Though this
painting was criticized, it was greatly admired during the 19th century
as an early example of Romanticism. The Young Bull features as the
canvas being studied inMark Tansey's 1981 monochromatic oil on
canvas The Innocent Eye Test.
• Paulus Potter's paintings
•
The Bull, 1647
•
Punishment of a Hunter, ca. 1647
16. •
Two horses in a meadow, 1649
•
Figures with Horses by a Stable
•
Cattle in a Meadow, 1652
17. •
Four Bulls
References[edit]
1. ^ Jump up to:a b
Liedtke, Walter A., Michiel Plomp, and Axel
Rüger. 2001. Vermeer and the Delft school. New York: Metropolitan
Museum of Art. ISBN 0-87099-973-7 p. 332.
2. Jump up^ "Paulus Potter (1625-1654) Painter of landscape
and animal pieces. Born in Enkhuizen, in the Delft Guild from 1646-
1649". Xs4all.nl. Retrieved 2014-04-10.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has
media related to Paulus
Potter.
Wikisource has original
text related to this article:
an essay about Paulus
Potter and his work.
Wikisource has the text of
the1911 Encyclopædia
Britannica article Potter,
Paul.
• Artcyclopedia; Paulus Potter
• Works and literature at PubHist
18. • Vermeer and The Delft School, an exhibition catalog from The
Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which
contains material on Paulus Potter
• Dutch and Flemish paintings from the Hermitage, an exhibition
catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (available online as
PDF), which contains material on Paulus Potter